TWI430791B - 有機化合物 - Google Patents
有機化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI430791B TWI430791B TW098126079A TW98126079A TWI430791B TW I430791 B TWI430791 B TW I430791B TW 098126079 A TW098126079 A TW 098126079A TW 98126079 A TW98126079 A TW 98126079A TW I430791 B TWI430791 B TW I430791B
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- alkyl
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 138
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
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- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
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- 241001529453 unidentified herpesvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004764 zafirlukast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOFLBQFBSOEHOG-UUOKFMHZSA-N γS-GTP Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=S)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O XOFLBQFBSOEHOG-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/52—Sulfur atoms
-
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/18—Sulfonamides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C311/48—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
-
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/38—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having only hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
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- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D241/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/42—Singly bound oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/52—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
- C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D333/30—Hetero atoms other than halogen
- C07D333/36—Nitrogen atoms
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
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- C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
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- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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Description
本發明係關於有機化合物(例如,式(I)化合物)及其用途。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供式I化合物:
或其溶劑合物、水合物或醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1
係H、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1
-C4
烷基)-3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1
-C4
烷基)-3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷基、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷氧基、或含有2個至10個碳原子及1個至3個氧原子之醚基團,其中該醚基團視情況經一個或多個取代基取代,該等取代基各自獨立地選自OH、鹵素、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團及視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團;R2
係視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1
-C4
烷基)-3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1
-C4
烷基)-3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷基、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷氧基、或含有2個至10個碳原子及1個至3個氧原子之醚基團,其中該醚基團視情況經一個或多個取代基取代,該等取代基各自獨立地選自OH、鹵素、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團及視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團;或R1
及R2
與其所連接碳原子一起形成視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、或視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團;R3
係氫、鹵素或氰基;R4
係H、C1
-C8
烷基、C3
-C8
環烷基、C5
-C8
環烯基或(C1
-C4
烷基)-R6
,其中該等烷基基團各自視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子取代;R5
係C1
-C8
烷基、C3
-C8
環烷基、C5
-C8
環烯基、(C1
-C4
烷基)-C3
-C8
環烷基或(C1
-C4
烷基)-C5
-C8
環烯基,其中該等烷基基團各自視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子取代;或R4
及R5
與其所連接的氮及氧原子一起形成視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之5至10員雜環基團;R6
係選自視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團、NR7
R9
、NR7
(SO2
)R9
、(SO2
)NR7
R8
、(SO2
)R9
、NR7
C(O)R9
、C(O)NR7
R9
、NR7
C(O)NR8
R9
、NR7
C(O)OR9
、C(O)OR7
、OC(O)R9
、OC(O)NR7
、C(O)R9
、SR7
、CN及NO2
;R7
及R8
各自獨立地選自H、C1
-C6
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C5
-C10
環烯基及-(C1
-C3
伸烷基)-C3
-C10
環烷基;R9
係選自H、C1
-C6
烷基、-(C1
-C3
伸烷基)-C3
-C10
環烷基、3至10員碳環基團及3至10員雜環基團,其中該等烷基基團及環系各自視情況經OH、鹵素、C1
-C3
烷基及C1
-C3
烷氧基取代;X係CR14
或N;Z獨立地選自OH;3至10員碳環基團;3至10員雜環基團;苄基;視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷基;視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷氧基;-O芳基;-O苄基;-O(CH2
)a
C(O)E;NR10
(SO2
)R12
;(SO2
)NR10
R11
;(SO2
)R12
;NR10
C(O)R12
;C(O)NR10
R12
;NR10
C(O)NR11
R12
;NR10
C(O)OR12
;NR10
R12
;C(O)OR10
;OC(O)R12
;OC(O)NR10
;C(O)R12
;SR12
;CN;NO2
;及鹵素;或其中有兩個或更多個Z取代基,兩個Z取代基與其所連接原子一起視情況形成與環系稠合之5-至7-員碳環或4-至7-員雜環取代基;a係0、1、2、3或4,其中當a為1、2、3或4時伸烷基基團視情況經OH或NH2
取代;E係NR10
R12
或OR12
;R10
及R11
各自獨立地選自H、C1
-C6
烷基、C3
-C10
環烷基、C5
-C10
環烯基及-(C1
-C3
伸烷基)-C3
-C10
環烷基;每一R12
係選自H、C1
-C6
烷基、-(C1
-C3
伸烷基)-C3
-C10
環烷基、3至10員碳環基團及3至10員雜環基團,其中該等環系各自視情況經OH、鹵素、C1
-C3
烷基及C1
-C3
烷氧基取代;且R14
係H或C1
-C6
烷基。
在一個本發明實施例中,R1
係H或C1
-C4
烷基且其他變量係如本文任何地方所定義。
在另一本發明實施例中,R2
係視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1
-C6
烷基、含有2個至10個碳原子及1個至3個氧原子之醚基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員碳環基團、或視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員雜環基團;且其他變量係如本文任何地方所定義。
在另一本發明實施例中,R1
及R2
與其所連接碳原子一起形成視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員碳環基團或視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員雜環基團;且其他變量係如本文任何地方所定義。
在另一本發明實施例中,R3
係鹵素,適宜地,為氯;且其他變量係如本文任何地方所定義。
在另一本發明實施例中,R4
係H、C1
-C4
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基或(C1
-C3
烷基)-C3
-C6
環烷基;且其他變量係如本文任何地方所定義。
在另一本發明實施例中,R5
係C1
-C6
烷基,適宜地,為C1
-C4
烷基,更適宜地,為C1
-C3
烷基;且其他變量係如本文任何地方所定義。
在又一實施例中,R4
及R5
與其所連接的氮及氧原子一起形成5員或6員雜環基團。適宜地,R4
及R5
與其所連接的氮及氧原子一起形成5-員雜環基團。
在又一實施例中,X係CR14
,其中R14
係H或C1
-C6
烷基。視情況,R14
係H或甲基。適宜地,X係CH。
在另一本發明實施例中,Z係選自視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子或OH基團取代之C1
-C4
烷基、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子或OH基團取代之C1
-C4
烷氧基、鹵素、OH及NR10
R12
,其中R10
、R12
及其他變量均係如本文任何地方所定義。
所述及「其他變量均係如本文任何地方所定義」應理解為意指在式I化合物定義中所用所有其他變量可具有在上文或申請專利範圍中應用於其之任何定義。因此,各變量分定義之組合視為屬於本發明之範圍。特定言之,一個變量在一個本發明實施例中之定義可與第二變量在一不同本發明實施例中之定義組合。
在又一實施例中,本發明提供一種選自下述之式(I)化合物:
倘若在本文中沒有另外定義,則:
- 「烷基」包括直線型或具支鏈C1
-C8
烷基,例如,C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C4
烷基,例如,C1
-C2
烷基,包括未經取代或經取代烷基,例如,經在有機化學中習用之若干基團(例如,鹵素、OH、NH2
或鹵代(C1-6
)烷基)取代的烷基,
- 「鹵素」包括氟、氯、溴、碘,例如,氟、氯、溴、適宜地,為氯,
- 「碳環基團」指示由相關數目(例如,3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10)的碳原子構成的環系。該環系可為單環、稠合環系或螺環狀環系。進而言之,該碳環基團可為飽和、部分不飽和或芳香族環。特定言之,其可包括與芳香族環或第二飽和或部分不飽和環稠合之飽和或部分不飽和環;或其可包括稠合在一起之兩個芳香族環。因此,「碳環基團」包括(例如)環烯基、環烷基、苯基、二氫茚、茚、萘、四氫化萘及甘菊環。
- 「芳基」指示含有6個至14個環碳原子之芳香族碳環狀環系,其可未經取代或經取代,如本文所定義。
- 「雜環基團」指示包括至少一個選自N、O及S之雜原子的由相關數目環成員原子構成之環系,例如,3員、4員、5員、6員、7員、8員、9員或10員環。該環系可為單環、稠合環系或螺環狀環系。進而言之,雜環基團可為飽和、部分不飽和或芳香族(即,雜環包括雜環烷基、雜環烯基及雜芳基)。特定言之,其可包括與芳香族環或第二飽和或部分不飽和環稠合之飽和或部分不飽和環;或其可包括稠合在一起之兩個芳香族環。另外,雜環基團包括與碳環狀環稠合之雜環狀環,例如,苯并稠合之雜環基團。適宜地,雜環基團包括1個、2個或3個選自N、O及S之雜原子。
- 「視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代」指示相關基團可包括一個或多個取代基,各自獨立地選自屬於Z定義範圍內之基團。因此,當存在兩個或更多個Z基團取代基時,此等取代基可為相同的或不同的。
- 「-(C1
-C4
伸烷基)-」或「-(C1
-C3
伸烷基)-」指示具有相關數目碳原子之烴連接基團。
在整個本說明書及下文申請專利範圍中,除非上下文另有要求,否則詞語「包含(comprise)」或變化形式(例如,(comprises)或(comprising))應理解為暗指包括所述整數或步驟或整數群組或步驟群組,但並不排除任何其他整數或步驟或整數群組或步驟群組。
呈游離或醫藥上可接受之鹽形式的式(I)化合物在下文中亦稱作本發明化合物。
含有鹼性中心之式I化合物能夠形成酸加成鹽,特別是醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽。式I化合物之醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽包括彼等無機酸之鹽,該等無機酸係(例如)氫鹵酸(如,氫氟酸、氫氯酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸)、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸;及有機酸之鹽,該等有機酸係(例如)脂肪族單羧酸,例如,甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸及丁酸、辛烷酸、二氯乙酸、馬尿酸;脂肪族羥基酸,例如,乳酸、檸檬酸、酒石酸或蘋果酸、葡萄糖酸、杏仁酸;二羧酸,例如,馬來酸或琥珀酸、己二酸、天冬胺酸、富馬酸、穀胺酸、丙二酸、癸二酸;芳香族羧酸,例如,苯甲酸、對-氯苯甲酸、煙鹼酸、二苯基乙酸或三苯基乙酸;芳香族羥基酸,例如,鄰-羥基苯甲酸、對-羥基苯甲酸、1-羥基萘-2-甲酸或3-羥基萘-2-甲酸;及磺酸,例如,甲烷磺酸或苯磺酸、乙烷磺酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、2-羥基乙烷-磺酸、(+)-樟腦-10-磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸或對-甲苯磺酸。該等鹽可自式I化合物藉由已知鹽形成程序製備。醫藥上可接受之溶合物通常為水合物。
含有酸性基團(例如,羧基)之式I化合物亦能夠與鹼(特定言之,係醫藥上可接受之鹼,例如,彼等為此項技術所熟知者)形成鹽,適宜的該等鹽包括金屬鹽,特別是鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽,例如,鈉、鉀、鎂或鈣鹽;或與氨或醫藥上可接受之有機胺或雜環鹼(例如,乙醇胺、苄胺或吡啶、精胺酸、苯乙苄胺、苄星、二乙醇胺、膽鹼、4-(2-羥基-乙基)嗎啉、1-(2-羥基乙基)吡咯啶、N-甲基葡萄糖胺、六氫吡嗪、三乙醇胺或胺基丁三醇)形成鹽。該等鹽可自式I化合物藉由已知鹽形成程序製備。含有酸性基團(例如,羧基)之式I化合物亦可作為以四級銨為中心之兩性離子存在。
本發明之醫藥上可接受之溶劑合物包括彼等其中結晶化溶劑可經同位素取代者,例如,D2
O、d6
-丙酮、或d6
-DMSO。
式I化合物之游離形式可以習知方式轉化成鹽形式,且反之亦然。呈游離形式或鹽形式之化合物可以水合物或含有結晶所用溶劑之溶合物形式獲得。式I化合物可自反應混合物回收並以習知方式純化。同分異構體(例如,對映異構體)可以習知方式(例如,藉由分段結晶或不對稱合成)自對應經不對稱取代(例如,光學活性)之起始材料獲得。
本發明之某些化合物含有至少一個不對稱碳原子且因此其可以各光學活性同分異構體形式或作為其混合物(例如,外消旋混合物)存在。當存在額外不對稱中心時,本發明亦涵蓋各光學活性同分異構體以及其混合物(例如,非對應異構體混合物)二者。
本發明包括所有此等形式,尤其是純淨同分異構體形式。可藉由習知方法使不同的同分異構體形式彼此分離或拆分,或者任何給定同分異構體可藉由習知合成方法或藉由立體定向或不對稱合成來獲得。由於本發明之化合物意欲用於醫藥組合物,因此應易於理解:該等化合物各自較佳以實質純淨形式提供,舉例而言,純度為至少60%,更適宜地,純度為至少75%且較佳為至少85%,純度尤其為至少98%(%係基於重量)。該等化合物之不純淨製劑可用於製備醫藥組合物所用較為純淨形式;該等化合物之該等較不純淨製劑應含有至少1%,更適宜地,至少5%且較佳自10%至59%之本發明化合物。
本發明包括所有醫藥上可接受之同位素標記的式I化合物,其中一個或多個原子由具有相同原子數但具有與在自然界中通常發現之原子量或質量數不同的原子量或質量數的原子取代。適於包含於本發明化合物中之同位素的實例包括:氫之同位素(例如,2
H及3
H)、碳之同位素(例如,11
C、13
C及14
C)、氯之同位素(例如,36
Cl)、氟之同位素(例如,18
F)、碘之同位素(例如,123
I及125
I)、氮之同位素(例如,13
N及15
N)、氧之同位素(例如,15
O、17
O及18
O)、及硫之同位素(例如,35
S)。
某一些同位素標記的式I化合物(例如,彼等併入放射性同位素者)可用於藥物及/或基質組織分佈研究。放射性同位素氚(3
H)及碳-14(14
C)因其易於併入且方法容易檢測而特別可用於此目的。用較重同位素(例如氘,(2
H))進行取代因具有更強之代謝穩定性而能夠提供某一些治療優勢,舉例而言,活體內半衰期增加或劑量需要量減少,且因而在某些情況下可能較佳。用正電子發射同位素(例如11
C、18
F、15
O及13
N)進行取代可在正電子發射斷層掃描(PET)研究中用來檢查基質受體佔據情況。
同位素標記之式I化合物一般可藉由彼等熟習此項技術者已知的習知技術來製備或可藉由與彼等闡述於隨附實例中者相類似之方法使用適當同位素標記試劑代替先前所用非標記試劑來製備。
某些式I化合物可以不同的互變異構體形式存在。互變異構為彼等熟習此項技術者所熟知且熟習此項技術之人員可容易地意識到哪些基團能夠互變異構化以形成不同的互變異構體形式。本發明包括式I化合物之所有互變異構體形式。
可依據習知方法或以與其相類似之方式或者按照本文具體說明來製備作為本發明化合物之任一本文所述化合物。起始材料為已知或可依據習知方法或以與其相類似之方式或者按照本文具體說明來製備。
由此所獲得式I化合物可轉化成另一式I化合物或所獲得呈游離形式之式I化合物可轉化成式I化合物之鹽且反之亦然。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於製備本發明化合物之方法,其包括:使式II化合物與式III化合物反應
其中R3
、R4
及R5
係如上文所定義
其中X、R1
及R2
係如上文所定義,該反應係在適當條件下(例如,於三乙胺、乙腈、甲醇存在時)於適當溫度下(例如,室溫)反應一段適當的時間(例如,2至24小時)以獲得本發明之式(I)化合物。
本發明之化合物可用作醫藥。因此,本發明亦提供可用作醫藥之呈游離或醫藥上可接受之鹽形式的式I化合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供其中各取代基係如上文所定義之式(I)化合物作為醫藥的用途。
本發明之化合物用作CXCR2受體拮抗劑,藉此抑制炎症細胞之滲透及活化,特定言之,該等炎症細胞係參與慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)之嗜中性粒細胞、單核細胞及CD8+ T細胞及介體。本發明之化合物因此可緩解症狀並減緩疾病進展。
患有COPD之個體之氣道呈現主要為嗜中性之炎症響應。當該等氣道曝露於香煙煙霧時,巨噬細胞、CD8+ T細胞及上皮細胞被激活且釋放促炎介體、氧化物、細胞因子及嗜中性趨化因子、IL-8、GRO α、ENA-78及白細胞三烯。IL-8、GRO α及ENA-78係嗜中性粒細胞之選擇性趨化物。在人類嗜中性粒細胞中,IL-8以相似親和力與兩不同受體(CXCR1及CXCR2)結合。包括GRO α、β、γ、NAP-2及ENA-78在內之密切相關趨化因子僅結合CXCR2。因此,抑制嗜中性粒細胞補充係用於治療若干肺病之公認的治療策略。阻斷IL-8、GRO α及ENA-78與趨化因子受體CXCR2結合可藉由抑制關鍵炎症細胞滲透及活化進而減少後續組織損傷、黏液分泌髓鞘形成、氣流阻塞及疾病進展而在患有COPD之患者中提供有益效應。
本發明化合物之IL-8及GRO α趨化因子抑制性質可在下列分析中證實:
[125
I]IL-8(人類重組體)係自Amersham Pharmacia Biotech獲得,比活性為2000Ci/mmol。所有其他化學品均為分析級。在中國倉鼠卵巢細胞(CHO-K1)中表現之人類重組CXCR2受體係自Euroscreen購得。依據由Euroscreen提供的製程製備中國倉鼠卵巢膜。使用Bio-Rad蛋白質分析法測定膜蛋白濃度。依據White等人在J Biol Chem.,1998,273,10095中所述方法,以96-孔微量板格式進行分析。每一反應混合物含有0.05mg/ml CXCR2膜蛋白質,存於20mM Bis-Tris-丙烷,pH 8.0中,該Bis-Tris-丙烷含有1.2mM MgSO4
、0.1mM EDTA、25mM NaCl及0.03% CHAPS。另外,添加預先溶於二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中以達成介於10μM與0.0005μM間之最終濃度(DMSO之最終濃度為2%(v/v))的相關化合物。藉由添加0.02nM125
I-IL-8來啟動結合作用。在室溫下2小時後,使用BrandellTM
96-孔收集器將該孔板之內容物收集至使用1%聚乙烯亞胺+0.5% BSA阻斷之玻璃纖維過濾板(GF/c)上,並用25mM NaCl、10mM TrisHCl、1mM MgSO4
、0.5mM EDTA、0.03% CHAPS,pH 7.4洗滌3次。將該過濾板在50℃下乾燥過夜。密封該孔板背面,並添加50μl液體閃爍液。使用Packard TopcountTM
閃爍計數器計數。
[35
S]-GTP γ S(比活性為1082Ci/mmol)及麥芽凝結素聚乙烯甲苯親近閃爍珠體係自Amersham Pharmacia Biotech購得。表現人類CXCR2受體之中國倉鼠卵細胞(CHO-K1)膜係自Biosignal Packard公司購得。所有其他化學品均為分析級。白色非結合表面96孔OptiplateTM
微量板係自Packard獲得。重組人類IL-8係如先前所述,在大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli
)中合成、選殖及表現(Lindley I等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,1988,85(23):9199)。
該分析係在96孔OptiplateTM
微量板中以250μl/孔最終體積進行二重覆。化合物在DMSO中稀釋(最終濃度0.5%)並在含有10mM Mg Cl2
、100mM NaCl、1mM EDTA+100nM IL-8、50μM GDP及500pM[35
S]GTPγS/孔之20mM HEPES緩衝液pH 7.4中培育。將SPA珠體(最終濃度1mg/孔)與該等膜(最終濃度10μg/孔)預先混合於分析緩衝液:含有10mM MgCl2
、100mM NaCl、1mM EDTA之20mM HEPES緩衝液pH 7.4中。將該珠體膜混合物添加至每個孔中,密封孔板並在室溫下培育60分鐘。該孔板離心並使用Packard TopCountTM
,在[35
S dpm]程式下進行閃爍計數器讀數1min/孔。數據以針對100nM IL-8之%減去基礎值表示。
在嗜中性粒細胞趨化性分析中測定此等化合物之活體外抑制性質。依據先前公開方法(Frevert C W等人,J Immunolog. Methods
,1998,213,41)以96-孔板格式實施分析。96-孔趨化腔室5μm係自Neuro Probe獲得,所有單元緩衝液係自Invitrogen Paisley,UK獲得,葡聚糖-T500及Ficoll-Paque PlusTM
密度梯度離心介質係自Pharmacia Biotech Buckinghamshire,UK購得。鈣黃綠素-AM (Calcein-AM)染劑係自Molecular Probes獲得。嗜中性粒細胞按照先前所述分離(Haslett,C.等人Am J Path
.,1985,119:101)。將檸檬酸化全血與4%(w/v)葡聚糖-T500混合並在冰上放置30分鐘以移除紅細胞。藉由將15ml細胞懸浮液鋪設於15ml Ficoll-Paque PLUS上並通過在250xg下進行25分鐘密度梯度離心而自外周血液單核細胞分離粒細胞(PMN)。在離心後,藉由使用10ml不含內毒素之冰冷無菌水實施低滲休克溶解50秒並用10ml 2x冷磷酸緩衝鹽溶液中和來移除PMN沉澱物之任一紅細胞污染物。用總體積為1ml之螢光染料鈣黃綠素-AM(5μg)標記所分離得嗜中性粒細胞(1×107
)並將其在37℃下培育30分鐘。該等經標記細胞在使用前用不含酚紅之RPMI+0.1%牛血清白蛋白洗滌,計數該等細胞並調節至5×106
個細胞/ml最終濃度。經標記嗜中性粒細胞隨後與在DMSO(0.1%最終濃度)中稀釋之測試化合物(0.001-1000nM)混合且在室溫下培育10分鐘。將趨化物(29μl)以介於0.1至5nM間之濃度置於96-孔趨化腔室之底部腔室中。用聚碳酸酯濾紙(5μm)覆蓋該孔板並在頂部濾紙上加載細胞(25μl)。使該等細胞在37℃下於具有5% CO2
之加濕培養箱中遷移90分鐘。在培育期結束時,使用多孔螢光平板讀數器(Fluroskan IITM
,Labsystems)在激發波長為485nm且發射波長為538nm時定量遷移細胞。使用4種不同的供體按一式四份測試每一化合物。將陽性對照細胞,即,未經化合物處理之細胞添加至底部孔中。此等代表該等細胞之最大趨化響應。將陰性對照細胞,即,彼等未經趨化物刺激者添加至底腔室中。在陽性對照與陰性對照間之差值代表該等細胞之趨化活性。
下文各實例之化合物在[35
S]-GPTγS結合分析中具有低於10μM之IC50
值。舉例而言,在下表中所示各實例之化合物具有所述IC50
值。
考慮到其對CXCR2結合之抑制作用,本發明化合物可用於治療受CXCR2介導之病況或疾病,例如,炎症性或過敏性病況或疾病,特別是慢性阻塞性肺部氣道病或肺病(COPD、COAD或COLD),包括慢性支氣管炎或與其相關之呼吸困難、肺氣腫、毛細支氣管炎閉塞性症候群及嚴重哮喘。
本發明之化合物可進一步用於治療等各種疾病,例如,癌症,如卵巢癌、前列腺癌,黑素瘤,包括轉移性黑素瘤,肺癌,如非小細胞肺癌、腎細胞癌瘤;腫瘤血管發生、缺血性/再灌注損傷、延遲移植功能、骨關節炎、伴有骨髓纖維化的髓樣化生、子宮肌腺症、接觸過敏(皮膚)及創傷癒合。本發明之治療可為症狀性或預防性治療。
在治療慢性支氣管炎或COPD中之預防性功效可藉由降低之發病頻率或嚴重性來證實,可緩解症狀並減緩疾病進展,改良肺功能。其可藉由減少對其他症狀性療法(即,用於或欲限制或終止出現的症狀性發作之療法,例如,消炎藥(如皮質類固醇)或支氣管擴張劑)之需求來進一步證明。
本發明適用之其他炎症性或阻塞性氣道疾病及病況包括急性肺損傷(ALI)、急性/成人呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)、特發性肺纖維化、纖維化肺病、氣道高反應性、呼吸困難、肺纖維化、過敏性氣道炎症、小氣道疾病、肺癌瘤、具有鐮狀細胞疾病及肺動脈高血壓之患者的急性胸部症候群、以及繼其他藥物療法(特定言之,係其他吸入藥物療法)後之氣道超敏反應加重。本發明亦可適用於治療任一類別或成因之支氣管炎,包括(例如)急性、花生仁吸入性、卡他性、格魯布性(croupus)、慢性或結核性支氣管炎。本發明適用之其他炎症性或阻塞性氣道疾病包括任何類型或成因之肺塵埃沉著病(一種炎症,通常為職業性的肺疾病,無論慢性或急性均經常伴有氣道阻塞且因反覆吸入粉塵引發),包括(例如)鋁塵肺、炭塵肺、石棉塵肺、石末塵肺、毛髮塵肺、鐵塵肺、矽塵肺、煙草塵肺及棉塵肺。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療可加重諸如哮喘、慢性支氣管炎、COPD、中耳炎及鼻竇炎等潛在慢性病況之呼吸道病毒性感染。所治療呼吸道病毒性感染可與諸如中耳炎、鼻竇炎或肺炎等二次細菌感染相關。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療皮膚之炎症性病況,例如,乾癬、特應性皮炎、紅斑狼瘡、及其他皮膚炎症性或過敏性病況。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療其他疾病或病況,特定言之,係具有炎症狀況之疾病或病況,例如,影響鼻子之疾病,包括過敏性鼻炎,例如,萎縮性、慢性或季節性鼻炎;胃腸道之炎症性病況,例如,炎症性腸病,例如,潰瘍性結腸炎及克隆氏病(Crohn's disease);骨及關節疾病,包括類風濕性關節炎、乾癬性關節炎;及其他疾病,例如,動脈粥樣硬化、多發性硬化症及急性和慢性同種異體移植排斥,例如,在心臟、腎臟、肝臟、肺或骨髓移植後。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療內毒素性休克、腎小球腎炎、大腦及心肌缺血、阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)、囊性纖維化、病毒感染及與其相關之加重、獲得性免疫缺陷症候群(AIDS)、多發性硬化症(MS)、幽門螺桿菌相關之胃炎、及癌症,特別是卵巢癌生長。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療由人類病毒性感染造成的症狀,其可由人類鼻病毒、其他腸道病毒、冠狀病毒、皰疹病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒或腺病毒造成。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療胰腺炎。
可在患有氣道炎症或其他炎症病況之動物模型(例如,小鼠、大鼠或兔子模型)中證實本發明化合物在抑制炎症性病況(例如,炎症性氣道疾病)中之效力,舉例而言,如由Wada等人在J. Exp. Med
(1994)180:1135-40中;Sekido等人在Nature
(1993)365:654-57中;Modelska等人在Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med
(1999)160:1450-56中;及Laffon等人(1999)在Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med
. 160:1443-49中所述。
本發明之化合物亦可用作共治療化合物與其他藥物(例如,消炎藥、氣管擴張劑、抗組胺藥或鎮咳藥物)組合使用,特別在治療阻塞性或炎症性氣道疾病(例如,彼等上文所提及者)中作為(例如)該等藥物治療活性之增效劑或作為降低該等藥物所需劑量或潛在副作用之方法。本發明化合物可與其他藥物混合於固定醫藥組合物中或其可在其他藥物之前、同時或之後單獨投與。因此,本發明包括上述本發明化合物與消炎藥、氣管擴張劑、抗組胺藥或止咳藥物之組合,本發明之該化合物及該藥物可在相同或不同醫藥組合物中。
適宜消炎藥物包括類固醇,特定言之,係糖皮質類固醇,例如,布地奈德(budesonide)、二丙酸倍氯米松(beclamethasone dipropionate)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、環索奈德(ciclesonide)或糠酸莫米松(mometasone furoate)、或闡述於下述中之類固醇:WO 02/88167、WO 02/12266、WO 02/100879、WO 02/00679(尤其是實例3、11、14、17、19、26、34、37、39、51、60、67、72、73、90、99及101之彼等類固醇)、WO 03/35668、WO 03/48181、WO 03/62259、WO 03/64445、WO 03/72592、WO 04/39827及WO 04/66920;非類固醇糖皮質激素受體激動劑,例如,彼等闡述於德國專利10261874、WO 00/00531、WO 02/10143、WO 03/82280、WO 03/82787、WO 03/86294、WO 03/104195、WO 03/101932、WO 04/05229、WO 04/18429、WO 04/19935及WO 04/26248中者;LTD4拮抗劑,例如,孟魯司特(montelukast)及紮魯司特(zafirlukast);PDE4抑制劑,例如,西洛司特(cilomilast)(ArifloGlaxoSmithKline)、羅氟司特(Roflumilast)(Byk Gulden)、V-11294A(Napp)、BAY19-8004(Bayer)、SCH-351591(Schering-Plough)、阿羅茶鹼(Arofylline)(AlmirallProdesfarma)、PD189659/PD168787(Parke-Davis)、AWD-12-281(Asta Medica)、CDC-801(Celgene)、SelCID(TM)CC-10004(Celgene)、VM554/UM565(Vernalis)、T-440(Tanabe)、KW-4490(Kyowa Hakko Kogyo)、及彼等揭示於WO 92/19594、WO 93/19749、WO 93/19750、WO 93/19751、WO 98/18796、WO 99/16766、WO 01/13953、WO 03/104204、WO 03/104205、WO 03/39544、WO 04/000814、WO 04/000839、WO 04/005258、WO 04/018450、WO 04/018451、WO 04/018457、WO 04/018465、WO 04/018431、WO 04/018449、WO 04/018450、WO 04/018451、WO 04/018457、WO 04/018465、WO 04/019944、WO 04/019945、WO 04/045607及WO 04/037805中者;A2A
激動劑,例如,彼等闡述於歐洲專利1052264、歐洲專利1241176、歐洲專利409595A2、WO 94/17090、WO 96/02543、WO 96/02553、WO 98/28319、WO 99/24449、WO 99/24450、WO 99/24451、WO 99/38877、WO 99/41267、WO 99/67263、WO 99/67264、WO 99/67265、WO 99/67266、WO 00/23457、WO 00/77018、WO 00/78774、WO 01/23399、WO 01/27130、WO 01/27131、WO 01/60835、WO 01/94368、WO 02/00676、WO 02/22630、WO 02/96462、及WO 03/086408中者;及A2B
拮抗劑,例如,彼等闡述於WO 02/42298中者。
適宜支氣管擴張劑藥物包括抗膽鹼性或抗毒蕈鹼性化合物,特定言之,係異丙托溴銨(ipratropium bromide)、氧托溴銨(oxitropium bromide)、噻托銨(tiotropium)鹽及CHF 4226(Chiesi)、及格隆溴銨(glycopyrrolate),而且亦包括彼等闡述於歐洲專利424021、美國專利3714357、美國專利5171744、WO 01/04118、WO 02/00652、WO 02/51841、WO 02/53564、WO 03/00840、WO 03/33495、WO 03/53966、WO 03/87094、WO 04/018422、WO 04/05285、WO 2004096800、WO 2006048225及WO 2008025541中者;及β-2腎上腺素受體激動劑,例如,沙丁胺醇(albuterol)(舒喘靈(salbutamol))、間羥異丙腎上腺素(metaproterenol)、特布他林(terbutaline)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)、非諾特羅(fenoterol)、丙卡特羅(procaterol),且尤其為福莫特羅(formoterol)、卡莫特羅(carmoterol)及其醫藥上可接受之鹽、及WO 00/75114之式I化合物(呈游離或鹽或溶劑合物形式)-該案件以引用方式併入本文中-較佳為其各實例之化合物,尤其為下式之化合物
及其醫藥上可接受之鹽、以及WO 04/16601之式I化合物(呈游離或鹽或溶劑合物形式)以及下述之化合物:歐洲專利1440966、日本專利05025045、WO 93/18007、WO 99/64035、美國專利2002/0055651、WO 01/42193、WO 01/83462、WO 02/66422、WO 02/70490、WO 02/76933、WO 03/24439、WO 03/42160、WO 03/42164、WO 03/72539、WO 03/91204、WO 03/99764、WO 04/16578、WO 04/22547、WO 04/32921、WO 04/33412、WO 04/37768、WO 04/37773、WO 04/37807、WO 04/39762、WO 04/39766、WO 04/45618 WO 04/46083及WO 04/80964。
此等抗組胺藥物包括西替利嗪氫氯酸鹽(cetirizine hydrochloride)、乙醯胺基酚、氯苯苄咯富馬酸鹽(clemastine fumarate)、異丙嗪(promethazine)、勞拉西泮(loratidine)、地氯雷他定(desloratidine)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)及非索非那定氫氯酸鹽(fexofenadine hydrochloride)。
亦可使用本發明化合物與抗膽鹼性或抗毒蕈鹼性化合物、類固醇、β-2激動劑、PDE4抑制劑、多巴胺受體激動劑、LTD4拮抗劑或LTB4拮抗劑之組合。本發明化合物與消炎藥之其他有用組合係彼等與其他趨化因子受體拮抗劑之組合,例如,CCR-1、CCR-3、CCR-4、CCR-5、CCR-6、CCR-7、CCR-8、CCR-9及CCR10、CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR5,特別是CCR-5拮抗劑(例如,Schering-Plough拮抗劑SC-351125、SCH-55700及SCH-D、Takeda拮抗劑(例如,N-[[4-[[[6,7-二氫-2-(4-甲基苯基)-5H-苯并環庚烯-8-基]羰基]胺基]苯基]-甲基]四氫-N,N-二甲基-2H-吡喃-4-銨鹽酸鹽(TAK-770))、及闡述於美國專利6166037(具體而言,係申請專利範圍第18及19項)、WO 00/66558(具體而言,係申請專利範圍第8項)、及WO 00/66559(具體而言,係申請專利範圍第9項)中之CCR-5拮抗劑。
依據上文所述,本發明亦提供一種治療受CXCR2介導之病況或疾病(例如,炎症性或過敏性病況,特別是炎症性或阻塞性氣道疾病)的方法,其包括向有其需要之個體(特別是人類個體)投與有效量的如上文所述呈游離或醫藥上可接受之鹽形式的式I化合物。在另一態樣中,本發明提供如上文所述呈游離或醫藥上可接受之鹽形式的式I化合物之用途,其用於製造用於治療受CXCR2介導之病況或疾病(例如,炎症性或過敏性病況或疾病,特別是炎症性或阻塞性氣道疾病)的藥物。
本發明化合物可藉由任何適當途徑投與,例如,以(例如)錠劑或膠囊形式經口投與;非經腸投與,例如,經靜脈內;藉由吸入,例如,在治療炎症性或阻塞性氣道疾病中;經鼻內,例如,在治療過敏性鼻炎中;外敷於皮膚上,例如,在治療特應性皮炎中;或經直腸,例如,在治療炎症性腸病中。
在另一態樣中,本發明亦提供一種醫藥組合物,其包括作為活性成份之呈游離或醫藥上可接受之鹽形式的式I化合物,視情況連同其醫藥上可接受的稀釋劑或載劑。該組合物可含有共同治療化合物,例如,消炎劑、支氣管擴張劑或抗組胺藥,如上文所述。可使用習知稀釋劑或賦形劑及蓋倫氏(galenic)技術中已知的技術製備該等組合物。因此,口服劑型可包括錠劑及膠囊。用於局部投藥之調配物可呈乳霜、軟膏、凝膠或經皮遞送系統(如,貼片)形式。用於吸入之組合物可包括氣溶膠或其他可霧化調配物或乾燥粉末調配物。
當該組合物包括氣溶膠調配物時,其較佳含有(例如)氫-氟-烷烴(HFA)推進劑(例如,HFA134a或HFA227或該等之混合物)且可含有一種或多種此項技術中已知之共溶劑(例如,乙醇(多達20重量%))及/或一種或多種表面活性劑(例如,油酸或去水山梨糖醇三油酸酯)及/或一種或多種膨脹劑(例如,乳糖)。當該組合物包含乾燥粉末調配物時,其較佳含有(例如)粒徑至多10微米之式I化合物,視情況連同具有期望粒徑分佈之稀釋劑或載劑(例如,乳糖)及有助於保護其免受濕氣引起的產品性能退化之化合物(例如,硬脂酸鎂)。當該組合物包含霧化調配物時,其較佳含有(例如)溶解或懸浮於含水媒劑、共溶劑(例如,乙醇或丙二醇)及穩定劑(其可為表面活性劑)中之式I化合物。
本發明包括(A)呈可吸入形式之本發明化合物,例如,呈氣溶膠或其他可霧化組合物形式或呈可吸入顆粒形式,例如,微粉化形式;(B)包含呈可吸入形式之本發明化合物的可吸入藥物;(C)包含呈可吸入形式之此本發明化合物以及吸入裝置的醫藥產品;及(D)含有呈可吸入形式之本發明化合物的吸入裝置。
當然,在實踐本發明中所採用本發明化合物之劑型應視(例如)待治療特定病況、期望效應及投藥模式而定。一般而言,藉由吸入投與之適宜日劑量約為0.01至1mg/kg/日,而對於經口投藥而言,適宜日劑量約為0.005至100mg/kg總體重。非經腸日劑量方案為約0.001至約80mg/kg總體重。外敷日劑量方案較佳可為自0.1mg至150mg,每日一次至四次投與,較佳每日兩次或三次投與。
藉由下列實例闡明本發明。
本發明之實例化合物包括示於下表1中之式I化合物,下文闡述製備方法。
當提及在表1及表2中之實例時,使用本文所述方法或業內已知其他方法來合成該等化合物。
應理解:較佳實施例之有機化合物可呈現互變異構現象。由於本說明書中化學結構可能僅代表可能互變異構體形式中的一種,因此應理解較佳實施例涵蓋所繪示結構之任一互變異構體形式。
應理解:本發明並不限於本文所述說明性實施例,而是涵蓋其屬於上文揭示內容範圍之所有此等形式。
可藉助LCMS系統使用電噴射離子化來實施質譜分析。[M+H]+係指單同位素分子量。倘若沒有另外指明,則分析條件係如下:
儀器:Waters Acquity
管柱:Waters BEH C18 100×2.1mm,1.7m
柱溫:50℃
洗脫劑:A:H2
O,B:乙腈,二者均含有0.1% TFA
流速:0.7mL/min
梯度:0.25min 5% B;5%至95% B在1.00min內,0.25min 95% B
儀器:Waters Acquity
管柱:Waters BEH C18 100×2.1mm,1.7m
柱溫:50℃
洗脫劑:A:H2
O,B:乙腈,二者均含有0.1% TFA
流速:0.7mL/min
梯度:0.25min 30% B;30%至95% B在1.00min內,0.25min 95% B
儀器:Waters Acquity
管柱:Waters BEH C18 100×2.1mm,1.7m
柱溫:50℃
洗脫劑:A:H2
O,B:乙腈,二者均含有0.1% TFA
流速:0.7mL/min
梯度:0.25min 5% B;5%至95% B在7.75min內,1.00min 95% B
藉助開放式存取Bruker AVANCE 400NMR光譜儀使用ICON-NMR來實施NMR譜分析。於298K下量測光譜且使用溶劑進行峰描述。
各種起始材料、中間體及較佳實施例之化合物在需要時可使用諸如下述等習用技術進行分離及純化:沉澱、過濾、結晶、蒸發、蒸餾、及層析。除非另有說明,否則所有起始材料均自商業供應商獲得且無需進一步純化即使用。可藉助已知鹽形成程序自化合物製備鹽。
另外,利用各種市售試劑及材料。此等試劑及材料可自指明供應商容易地獲得。
在下文實例以及整個申請案中,下列縮寫具有下列含義。倘若未定義,則該等術語具有其公認的含義。
RT 室溫
DMF N,N-二甲基甲醯胺
DIPEA N,N
-二異丙基乙胺
NMP N-甲基吡咯啶
THF 四氫呋喃
MeOH 甲醇
DCM 二氯甲烷
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
EtOH 乙醇
LCMS 液相層析質譜分析
TEA 三乙胺
TFA 三氟乙酸
HPLC 高效液相層析
CDI 羰基二咪唑
IPA 異丙醇
在N2
中於RT下向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(100mg,0.256mmol)存於MeCN(2ml)及EtOH(1ml)之經攪拌懸浮液中添加(R)-(+)-α-乙基苄基胺(58.8mg,0.435mmol)及三乙胺(0.142ml,1.02mmol)並將該反應混合物在80℃下加熱過夜。在真空中濃縮該反應混合物以得到加載於1g預填充矽膠柱上之黃色固體,其溶於最少量之5% MeOH存於DCM的混合物中。實施純化,用10-40% EtOAc存於異己烷中之混合物洗脫並在真空中濃縮適當流分以得到黃色玻璃狀固體。將該固體溶於EtOAc中並用1M HCl(aq)洗滌4次。有機部分經乾燥(硫酸鈉)並在真空中濃縮以產生褐色膠狀固體。與異己烷一起研磨,提供褐色固體狀標題化合物;[M+H]+
180。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(3H,t,CH3),1.9(2H,m,CH2),3.0(3H,s,CH3),3.6(3H,s,CH3),5.1(1H,m,CH),7.2-7.5(6H,m,Ar-H),8.0(1H,d,Ar-H)。
此等實例,即6-氯-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-3-{2-[(R)-1-(5-甲基-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺基]-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基}-苯磺醯胺;[M+H]+
484滯留時間5.1min(方法C)(實例2)及6-氯-3-{3,4-二酮基-2-[(S)-(四氫-噻吩-3-基)胺基]-環丁-1-烯基胺基}-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺;[M+H]]+
448滯留時間1.44min(方法A)(實例3),係以與實例1相類似之方式用適當胺代替(R)-(+)-α-乙基苄基胺來製備。
向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(500mg,1.279mmol)存於MeCN之經攪拌溶液中添加TEA(1.783ml,12.79mmol)和(R)-1-(四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺(1g,7.74mmol)(中間體DA)。將該反應混合物加熱至70℃過夜。將該反應混合物蒸發至乾燥。將殘留物溶於DCM中並用0.1M HCl洗滌之。有機層經MgSO4
乾燥、過濾並蒸發至乾燥。藉由超臨界流體層析依據下列條件分離各非對映異構體:
移動相:30% 2-丙醇/0.1% DEA/70% CO2
管柱:Chiralpak AD-H,250×10mm id,5μm
檢測:UV@220nm
流速:10ml/min
試樣濃度:227mg存於4.5ml EtOH中
注射體積:150μl
將所分離得非對映異構體均溶於DCM中並用飽和氯化銨水溶液洗滌。有機層經硫酸鎂乾燥、過濾並蒸發至乾燥以得到
非對映異構體1
SFC滯留時間:3.02min
(M+H)+
=474.0
1
H NMR(CD3OD)1.02(3H,t,CH3),1.70(2H,m,CH2),1.75(1H,m,CH),1.95(2H,m,CH2),2.08(1H,m,CH),3.09(3H,s,CH3),3.68(3H,s,CH3),3.78(1H,dd,CH),3.90(1H,dd,CH),3.95(1H,m,CH),4.15(1H,m,CH),7.20(1H,d,CH),8.29(1H,d,CH)。
非對映異構體2
滯留時間:4.20min
(M+H)+
=474.0
1
H NMR(CD3OD)1.02(3H,t,CH3),1.51(1H,m,CH),1.75(1H,m,CH),1.95(4H,m,2xCH2),3.09(3H,s,CH3),3.68(3H,s,CH3),3.78(1H,dd,CH),3.85(1H,dd,CH),3.95(1H,dd,CH),4.20(1H,m,CH),7.20(1H,d,CH),8.29(1H,d,CH)。
此化合物係以與實例1相類似的方式藉由用適當胺代替(R)-(+)-α-乙基苄基胺來製備;[M+H]+
466滯留時間5.38min(方法C)。
在N2
中於RT下向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(7g,17.91mmol)存於MeCN(2ml)及EtOH(1ml)之經攪拌懸浮液中添加((R)-1-((2R,5R)-5-甲基-四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺對-甲苯磺酸鹽(中間體E)(5.67g,17.91mmol)及TEA(0.999ml,7.16mmol)並將該反應混合物在50℃下加熱16小時。再添加TEA(2.48ml,17.91mmol)並將該反應物在50℃下加熱1小時,隨後在60℃下20小時。再添加TEA(2.48ml,17.91mmol)及中間體E(1.13g,3.58mmol)並將該反應物在60℃下加熱17.5小時。將該反應混合物在真空中濃縮並使其在EtOAc與1M HCl(aq)之間分溶。使用2M NaOH(aq)將水性層調節至pH 5並使用EtOAc萃取之。合併各EtOAc層並用飽和碳酸氫鈉(aq)、水及鹽水洗滌。有機層經乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮。所得殘留物自甲苯重結晶以得到淡褐色固體;[M+H]+
488.2。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(3H,t,CH3),1.2(3H,d,CH3),1.3(1H,m)1.6(3H,m)1.9(2H,m)3.6(3H,s,CH3),3.6(3H,s,CH3),3.9(2H,m)4.0(1H,m),7.2(1H,d),8.1(1H,d),8.2(1H,d),9.5(1H,s),10.1(1H,s)。
在回流時向6-氯-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-3-{2-[(R)-1-((2R,5R)-5-甲基-四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺基]-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基}-苯磺醯胺(2.1g,4.3mmol)存於EtOAc(30ml)及IPA(5ml)之經攪拌溶液中添加45%氫氧化膽鹼存於MeOH(1.213ml,4.3mmol)中之溶液。在20分鐘後,將反應混合物冷卻至室溫並持續攪拌1小時。藉由過濾收集到晶狀黃色固體;[M+H]+
488.21
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(3H,t,CH3),1.2(3H,d,CH3),1.3(1H,m)1.5(1H,m),1.6(2H,m),1.9(2H,m)3.0(3H,s),3.1(9H,s),3.4(2H,t),3.6(3H,s,CH3),3.9(4H,m),4.0(1H,m),5.3(1H,t),5.9(1H,d),7.7(1H,d),8.5(1H,d),9.6(1H,s)。
此化合物係以與實例1相類似的方式藉由用適當胺代替(R)-(+)-α-乙基苄基胺來製備;[M+H]+
481滯留時間1.06min(方法B)。
向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(1g,2.56mmol)存於THF(20ml)之經攪拌溶液中添加3-胺基戊烷(0.596ml,5.12mmol)。將該反應混合物在50℃下加熱過夜。將該反應混合物在真空中濃縮並溶於EtOAc中。該EtOAc溶液用1M HCl(aq)及鹽水洗滌。EtOAc溶液經乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮。殘留物自甲苯結晶以得到一固體;[M+H]+
432.1。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(6H,t,2xCH3),1.5(2H,m),1.6(2H,m),3.0(3H,s,CH3),3.6(3H,s,CH3),3.9(1H,m),7.2(1H,d),8.1(1H,d),8.2(1H,d),9.4(1H,s),10.1(1H,s)。
向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(1g,2.56mmol)存於THF(20ml)之經攪拌溶液中添加(R)-(-)-2-胺基丁烷(0.52ml,5.12mmol)。將該反應混合物在50℃下加熱7小時。將該反應混合物在真空中濃縮並溶於EtOAc中。該EtOAc溶液用1M HCl(aq)及鹽水洗滌。該EtOAc溶液經乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮。殘留物自甲苯結晶以得到一固體;[M+H]+
418.2。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(3H,t,CH3),1.2(3H,d,CH3),1.5(2H,m),3.0(3H,s,CH3),3.6(3H,s,CH3),4.0(1H,m),7.2(1H,d),8.1(1H,d),8.3(1H,d),9.4(1H,s),10.1(1H,s)。
向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(中間體FA)(100mg,0.25mmol)存於MeCN(1ml)及EtOH(1ml)之經攪拌溶液中相繼添加(R)-(-)-2-胺基丁烷(30.7mg,0.42mmol)及三乙胺(69μl,0.49mmol)。將該反應混合物在70℃下加熱1小時。將該反應混合物在真空中濃縮並溶於EtOAc中。該EtOAc溶液用1M HCl(aq)洗滌並在真空中濃縮。將殘留物與DCM一起研磨以得到白色固體;[M+H]+
432.2。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(3H,t,CH3),1.2(6H,m),1.5-1.6(2H,m),3.3(2H,m),3.7(3H,s,CH3)4.1(1H,m),7.3(1H,d),8.1(1H,d),8.3(1H,d),9.4(1H,s),10.1(1H,s)。
向三乙胺(1.192ml,8.55mmol)及(R)-2-胺基-3-甲基-丁-1-醇(中間體H)存於EtOH(36ml)之經攪拌溶液中添加6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(1.67g,4.27mmol)。將該反應混合物在85℃下加熱18小時。將該反應混合物在真空中濃縮並溶於EtOAc中。EtOAc溶液用1M HCl(aq)及NaHCO3(aq)洗滌。NaHCO3(aq)層用EtOAc萃取。合併各EtOAc層並在真空中濃縮。使用急驟層析(0-10% MeOH存於DCM中)純化殘留物以提供褐色固體[M+H]+
462.0。
1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(6H,t,2xCH3),1.9(1H,m),3.0(3H,s,CH3),3.3(3H,s,CH3),3.5(2H,m),3.6(3H,s,CH3),4.1(1H,m),7.3(1H,s),8.1(1H,d),8.4(1H,d),9.5(1H,s),10.2(1H,s)。
向6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(中間體FA)(100mg,0.25mmol)存於THF(2ml)之經攪拌溶液中添加3-胺基戊烷(29mg,0.25mmol)。將該反應混合物在50℃下加熱過夜。再添加3-胺基戊烷(29mg,0.25mmol)並將該反應物在50℃下加熱7小時。將該反應混合物在真空中濃縮並溶於EtOAc中。EtOAc溶液用10%檸檬酸(aq)、鹽水洗滌,經乾燥(硫酸鈉)並在真空中濃縮以得到固體;[M+H]+
446.1。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.9(6H,t,2xCH3),1.2(3H,t,CH3),1.5(2H,m),1.6(2H,m),3.3(2H,m),3.7(3H,s,CH3)3.9(1H,m),7.2(1H,d),8.1(1H,d),8.3(1H,d),9.4(1H,s),10.2(1H,s)。
將6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基苯磺醯胺(中間體A)(50mg,0.102mmol)及1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟異丙基胺(34.0mg,0.203mmol)溶於THF(1ml)中。向該溶液中添加甲烷磺酸(7μl,0.108mmol)並將所得混合物在50℃下加熱過夜(~18hr)。將該溶液在真空中濃縮並將殘留物重新溶於DMSO(900μl)中。將該溶液轉移至HPLC瓶中並藉助質量取向之製備型分析系統(mass-directed prep system)使用50-98%乙腈存於水(0.1% TFA)中之混合物純化。在真空中自純化流分移除溶劑。將殘留物重新溶於MeOH中,在真空中移除溶劑以提供橙色固體狀標題化合物;MS m/z 512[M+H]+;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.21(1H,s),9.70(1H,s),9.43(1H,d),8.01(1H,d),7.30(1H,d),6.05(1H,m),3.64(3H,s),3.04(3H,s)。
下表(表2)中所列示之各化合物係以與實例1之方法類似的方法使用適當起始化合物及胺製得,該等起始化合物及胺之製備係如本文所述或可購得。
將N,O-二甲基羥基胺(1.98g,2當量)懸浮於無水THF(20ml)中並在冰浴中冷卻至0℃,同時劇烈攪拌。添加三乙胺(4.51ml,2當量),並將溫度保持在0℃下,繼而經30分鐘滴加2-第三丁基-6-氯-苯并噁唑-7-磺醯氯(美國專利2007/0249672第9頁)(5g,16.22mmol,1當量)存於THF(10ml)中之混合物。將該反應混合物在0℃下攪拌1h且隨後升溫至室溫過夜。過濾所得混合物並在真空中濃縮,將所得固體溶於EtOAc(75ml)中,用水(3×20ml)、飽和鹽水(30ml)洗滌,乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮以提供固體狀標題化合物;[M+H]+
333。
將溫度保持在<30℃下,經30分鐘滴加濃硫酸(20ml)來處理2-第三丁基-6-氯-苯并噁唑-7-磺酸甲氧基-甲基-醯胺(4.8g,14.42mmol)存於二氧雜環己烷(55ml)及水(20ml)中之混合物。該反應混合物在回流下加熱2.5h且隨後冷卻至RT。在真空中移除二氧雜環己烷並用飽和NaHCO3
溶液(250ml)將所得水性殘留物鹼化至pH 12。用EtOAc(3×200ml)萃取反應混合物,且合併之有機萃液用水(3×100ml)、飽和鹽水(100ml)洗滌,經乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮,以提供褐色固體狀標題化合物;[M+H]+
266。
用TEA(1.54g,1.1當量)處理3,4-二乙氧基-3-環丁烯-1,2-二酮(2.83g,1.2當量)存於乙醇(30ml)中之溶液並將該反應混合物加熱至45℃。經30分鐘分若干份添加3-胺基-6-氯-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(3.7g,1當量),同時劇烈攪拌,將反應混合物保持在45℃下。該反應混合物在45℃下攪拌1小時且隨後冷卻至RT。在真空中移除溶劑並使殘留物分溶在EtOAc(600ml)與水(2×200ml)之間。分離出水性部分並用EtOAc(3×200ml)萃取,將合併之有機萃液用水(3×200ml)洗滌並靜置過夜。過濾收集所得固體,並在真空中乾燥,提供標題化合物。蒸發母液,得到黃色/褐色油狀固體,其與乙醇(100ml)一起研磨。過濾收集固體,用EtOH洗滌並在真空中乾燥,提供標題化合物;[M+H]+
390。
此化合物係依據在美國專利2004/0209946第19頁中所述程序來製備。
此化合物係依據在Synthesis(1992),(10),947-9中所述程序來製備。
向(R)四氫糠酸(25g,215mmol,1當量)存於DCM(600ml)之經冷卻(0℃)溶液中添加TEA(30ml,1當量)、EDCI(61.9g,1.5當量)、N,O-二甲基羥基胺(21g,1當量),繼而添加DMAP(0.263g,0.01當量)。將該反應混合物在RT下攪拌過夜且隨後用1M HCl及1M NaOH洗滌。有機部分經乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮以提供標題產物;[M+H]+
160,NMR(CDCl3
)1.9(1H,m),2.05(2H,m),2.2(1H,m),3.2(3H,s,NCH3),3.7(3H,s,OCH3),3.9(1H,m,CHO),4.05(1H,m,CHO),4.8(1H,m,CHO)。
向(R)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基四氫呋喃-2-甲醯胺(20.15g,1當量)存於THF(250ml)之經冷卻(0℃)溶液中添加乙基溴化鎂(44.3ml 3M溶液,存於THF中,1.05當量)。將該反應物在-78℃下攪拌1h且隨後用飽和NH4
Cl溶液猝滅之。添加EtOAc並分離有機部分且進一步用飽和NH4
Cl溶液洗滌、乾燥(MgSO4
)且在真空中濃縮以提供標題化合物;NMR(CDCl3)1.05(3H,t,CH3),1.9(3H,m),2.2(1H,m,CH
),2.6(2H,m,CH
2),3.95(2H,CH
2O),4.3(1H,m,CH
O)。
向(R)-1-(四氫呋喃-2-基)丙-1-酮(16.16g,1當量)存於MeOH之經冷卻(0℃)溶液中分若干份添加四氫硼酸鈉(4.77g,1當量)。在0℃下攪拌1小時後,將該反應物用5M HCl猝滅並再攪拌10分鐘。將該混合物在真空中濃縮以移除MeOH並添加EtOAc及水。分離出有機部分且水性層用EtOAc萃取若干次。將合併有機萃液乾燥(MgSO4
)並於真空中濃縮以提供標題化合物。
向(R)-1-(四氫呋喃-2-基)丙-1-醇(13.78g,1當量)存於DCM(250ml)之經冷卻(0℃)溶液中添加TEA(16.07g,1.5當量)及甲烷磺醯氯(18.19g,1.5當量)。在0℃下攪拌該反應物。在50min後,用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液猝滅該反應。有機層用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液洗滌、乾燥(MgSO4
)、過濾並在真空中濃縮。將該反應物冷卻並使其在鹽水與EtOAc之間分溶。分離出水性部分並進一步用EtOAc萃取之。將合併有機層乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並在真空中濃縮。藉由矽膠層析純化粗製產物,提供標題化合物。1.05(3H,m,兩種非對映異構體之CH3
),1.6(3H,m),1.95(3H,m),3.05(0.5H,m,一種非對映異構體之CHN3
),3.45(0.5H,m,一種非對映異構體之CHN3
),3.8(1H,m,CHO),3.9(2H,m,CH2O)。
將(2R)-2-(1-疊氮基丙基)四氫呋喃(1.9g,12.24mmol,1當量)存於EtOH/AcOH(105ml 100:5混合物)及10% Pd/C CATCart(12.24mmol,1當量)中之溶液置於正氫氣壓中8小時。將產物混合物在真空中濃縮且用DCM稀釋之。使該混合物經過10g SCX-2筒柱(樹脂加載0.67mmol/g),相繼用甲醇及存於EtOH中之2M氨純化。將適當流分在真空中濃縮以提供標題化合物。
1.0(3H,t,CH3),1.3(1H,m),1.6(2H,m),1.9(3H,m),2.6(0.5H,m,一種非對映異構體之CHNH2),2.8(0.5H,m,一種非對映異構體之CHNH2),3.6(1H,m,CHO),3.75(1H,m,CHO),3.85(1H,m,CHO)。
以與(2R)-2-(1-疊氮基丙基)四氫呋喃(中間體DA步驟4)相類似的方式自(S)-(R)-1-(四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙-1-醇製備此化合物。
向(R)-2-((R)-1-疊氮基丙基)四氫呋喃(步驟1)(2.11g,13.6mmol)存於THF(60ml)及H2
O(10ml)之溶液中添加三苯基膦(4.28g,16.32mmol)。將該反應物在50℃下加熱過夜且隨後將其冷卻至RT。添加碳酸氫鈉(11.42g,136mmol)及Boc-酸酐(4.16g,19.04mmol)並在40℃下加熱該反應混合物。將該反應物冷卻至RT並添加EtOAc。分離水性層與有機層。用EtOAc萃取水性層。合併有機層經乾燥(MgSO4
)、過濾,並在真空中濃縮。藉由矽膠急驟層析(40g)純化粗製產物,用EtOAc/異己烷(梯度0-40%)洗脫以提供標題產物;1
H NMR(CDCl3
)δ0.98(3H,t,CH3),1.45(9H,s,(CH3)3),1.6(3H,m),1.9(3H,m),3.5(1H,m),3.7(1H,m),3.85(2H,m),4.6(1H,m)。
向(R)-1-((R)-四氫呋喃-2-基)丙基胺基甲酸第三丁基酯(2.67g,11.64mmol)存於1,4-二氧雜環己烷(80ml)之溶液中添加5M HCl(5ml)。隨後將該反應物在70℃下加熱5.5小時且在冷卻至RT後,將該混合物在真空中濃縮以提供標題化合物;1
H NMR(MeOD)δ1.09(3H,t,CH3),1.7(3H,m),2.0(2H,m),2.15(1H,m),3.0(1H,m),3.88(3H,m)。
以與(R)-1-(四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺(中間體DB)相類似的方式自1-(6-甲基-吡啶-2-基)-丙-1-醇製備此化合物。使用存於DCM中之5% TFA實施最終去保護步驟;[M+H]+
151。
以與(R)-1-(四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺(中間體DB)相類似的方式自1-吡啶-3-基-丙-1-醇製備此化合物。使用存於DCM中之5% TFA實施最終去保護步驟;[M+H]+
136。
在室溫下於惰性氮氣氛中用BOC酸酐(456mg,2.09mmol)處理(R)-1-(5-甲基-呋喃-2-基)-丙基胺PTSA鹽(591mg,1.90mmol)(依據在美國專利2004/0209946(第19頁)中所述程序製得)及Et3
N(0.264ml,1.90mmol)存於無水MeCN(4ml)中之冰冷溶液。將該反應混合物在0℃下攪拌30分鐘並升溫至室溫。在真空中蒸發溶劑並將所得油狀物溶於EtOAc(20ml)中且用1M HCl(10ml)、Na2
SO4
(10ml)、鹽水(10ml)洗滌,乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮。將所得油狀物溶於最小體積之EtOH中並與EtOAc/Et2
O一起研磨以提供標題化合物;[M+H]+
332
在室溫下於惰性氮氣氛中向[(R)-1-(2R,5R)-(5-甲基-呋喃-2-基)-丙基]-胺基甲酸第三丁基酯(453mg,1.89mmol)存於無水MeOH(20ml)之溶液中添加10% Pd/C(55mg)。將所得混合物置於正氫氣壓中並劇烈地攪拌。藉由過濾移除觸媒並在真空中減少濾液以提供作為兩種非對映異構體之混合物的標題化合物。
在惰性氮氣氛中向[(R)-1-(2R,5R)-(5-甲基-四氫-呋喃-2-基)-丙基]-胺基甲酸第三丁基酯(416mg,1.71mmol)存於無水DCM(4ml)之冰冷溶液中添加TFA(200μl,1.41mmol)。在室溫下攪拌3h後,該混合物用EtOAc(15ml)稀釋並用飽和Na2
CO3
水溶液洗滌。有機部分經乾燥(Na2
SO4
)且隨後添加對甲苯磺酸(147mg,0.77mmol)。在攪拌後,在真空中移除溶劑並自MeCN重結晶,提供白色固體狀標題化合物。1
H NMR(DMSO)0.90(3H,t,CH3),1.20(3H,d,CH3),1.45(2H,m,2xCH),1.59(1H,m,CH),1.65(1H,m,CH),1.95(2H,m,CH2),2.30(3H,s,CH3),2.93(1H,m,CH),3.75(1H,dd,CH),3.95(1H,m,CH),7.10(2H,d,2xCH),7.48(2H,d,2xCH),7.75(3H,s,NH3+)。
使N-乙基-O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(中間體G)(3.39g,30.4mmol)懸浮於無水THF(20ml)中並在冰浴中冷卻至0℃同時攪拌。添加TEA(4.24ml,30.4mmol),繼而經2.5小時逐滴添加2-第三丁基-6-氯-苯并噁唑-7-磺醯氯(美國專利2007/0249672第9頁)(4.68g,15.19mmol)存於THF(10ml)中之混合物。將該反應混合物在室溫下攪拌30分鐘。將該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋且用H2
O、鹽水洗滌,乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮。藉由急驟層析純化殘留物,用存於異己烷中之0-10% EtOAc洗脫以產生白色固體[M+H]+
347.2
用濃硫酸(3.5ml)與水(3.5ml)之混合物處理2-第三丁基-6-氯-苯并噁噁-7-磺酸乙基-甲氧基-醯胺(2.7g,7.78mmol)存於二氧雜環己烷(15ml)中之混合物。將該反應混合物在80℃下加熱總共8h且隨後將其冷卻至RT。在真空中移除二氧雜環己烷並用1M NaOH(aq)處理所得水性混合物直至獲得pH 7。該反應混合物用EtOAc萃取、乾燥(MgSO4
)並在真空中濃縮以提供褐色固體狀標題化合物;[M+H]+
281.1。
用TEA(250μl,1.80mmol)處理3,4-二乙氧基-3-環丁烯-1,2-二酮(0.30g,1.76mmol)存於乙醇(5ml)中之溶液並將該反應混合物加熱至45℃。向該反應混合物中逐滴添加3-胺基-6-氯-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(0.58g,2.07mmol)存於EtOH(5ml)中之溶液。將該反應混合物在45℃下攪拌1小時且隨後在真空中濃縮。藉助急驟層析(50% EtOAc,存於異己烷中)純化殘留物以提供固體[M+H]+
405.2。
此化合物係以與6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(中間體FA)相類似的方式藉由用異噁唑啶氫氯酸鹽代替N-乙基-O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(中間體G)來製備。[M+H]+
402.9。
此等化合物,即3-[4-氯-2-羥基-3-((S)-4-羥基-異噁唑啶-2-磺醯基)-苯基胺基]-4-乙氧基-環丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(中間體FC)及3-[4-氯-2-羥基-3-((R)-4-羥基-異噁唑啶-2-磺醯基)-苯基胺基]-4-乙氧基-環丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮(中間體FD)係以與6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(中間體FA)相類似的方式藉由用(S)-異噁唑啶-4-醇(中間體I)或(R)-異噁唑啶-4-醇(中間體J)之氫氯酸鹽代替N-乙基-O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(中間體G)來製備。[M+H]+
418.9及[M+H]+
418.9。
此化合物係以與6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(中間體FA)相類似的方式藉由用O-(2-甲氧基-乙基)-N-甲基-羥基胺(中間體K)代替N-乙基-O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(中間體G)來製備。[M+H]+
435
使用乙腈-乾冰(cardice)浴冷卻氯甲酸乙酯(10.78g,99mmol)及O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(12.4g,148mmol)存於DCM(400ml)中的經攪拌混合物。經10分鐘逐滴添加TEA(25.05g,248mmol)並再保持冷卻10分鐘。將該反應混合物在室溫下攪拌30分鐘,用1M HCl(水溶液)洗滌,乾燥(MgSO4
)且在真空中濃縮,以得到油狀物與固體之混合物。分離該油狀物且NMR與所提出產物一致;1
H NMR(CDCl3)1.3(3H,t,CH3),3.7(3H,s,CH3),4.2(2H,q,CH2),7.3(1H,s)
使用冰浴冷卻N-甲氧基胺基甲酸乙酯(10.45g,88mmol)存於DMF(50ml)中之經攪拌混合物。分若干份添加氫化鈉(60%存於油狀物中之分散液)(3.65g,91mmol)並將該反應混合物在室溫下攪拌1小時。分若干份添加溴乙烷(9.56g,88mmol)並將該反應混合物在80℃下加熱4小時。使該混合物在H2
O與1:1 EtOAc/Et2
O之間分溶。有機層進一步用H2
O洗滌、乾燥(MgSO4
)且在真空中濃縮以得到油狀物。將該油狀物在KOH(12.4g,221mmol)、H2
O(15ml)及EtOH(15ml)之混合物中於65℃下加熱5小時。將所得溶液蒸餾至2M HCl(aq)中且在真空中濃縮以提供油狀物。1
H NMR(CDCl3)1.2(3H,t,CH3),3.2(2H,q,CH2),3.9(3H,s,CH3),12.1(2H,s)
依據在WO 957257,實例7中所述程序製備此化合物。
依據Journal of Molecular Catalysis B:Enzymatic(2001),11(4-6),255-263之程序製備此等化合物,即(S)-異噁唑啶-4-醇(中間體I)及(R)-異噁唑啶-4-醇(中間體J)。
依據在「作為農業殺真菌劑及殺蟲劑之7-胺基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶的製備(Preparation of 7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as agricultural fungicides and pesticides)」,Ger. Offen. (2003),第50頁,德國專利10223917(第42頁)中所述程序製備此化合物。
將10% Pd/C(200mg)存於3-胺基-6-氯-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-乙基-苯磺醯胺(中間體FA步驟2)(400mg,1.425mmol)之EtOH(50ml)溶液中的分散液置於正氫氣壓下,較大氣壓高0.5巴。在5小時後,藉由經由Celite(過濾材料)過濾移除觸媒並在真空中減少濾液。所得固體未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。
此化合物係以與6-氯-3-(2-乙氧基-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基)-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺(中間體A步驟3)相類似的方式藉由用3-胺基-N-乙基-2-羥基-N-甲氧基苯磺醯胺(步驟1)代替3-胺基-6-氯-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺來製備。[M+H]+
371
以與(2R)-2-(1-疊氮基丙基)四氫呋喃(中間體DA,步驟4)相類似的方式自1-(吡嗪-2-基)丙-1-醇(依據「經單取代吡嗪一氧化物之某些反應(Some reactions of mono substituted pyrazine monoxides)」,Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry(1982),19(5),1061-7,化合物18之程序製得)製備該標題化合物。
將2-(1-疊氮基丙基)吡嗪(56mg)溶於THF(5ml)及水(1ml)中並添加PS-PPh3
(225mg)。將該反應混合物加熱至50℃並攪拌大約20小時。將該混合物在真空中過濾並依序用DCM(一種藉助MeOH形成及重新溶解的沉澱)及MeOH沖洗。蒸發濾液以產生黃色油狀標題化合物,其未經進一步純化即使用。[M+H]+
138。
在氮中將(S)-2-胺基-4-甲基戊-1-醇(0.276ml,2.133mmol)添加至KH(267mg,2.327mmol)存於THF(10ml)之經攪拌且經冰浴冷卻之懸浮液中。將所得混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌~10分鐘且隨後用MeI(0.121ml,1.939mmol)處理。在攪拌30分鐘後,藉由添加飽和NH4
Cl(aq)(~20ml)來猝滅該反應混合物並用EtOAc(25ml×2)萃取。合併有機相經MgSO4
乾燥,在真空中過濾並蒸發濾液以提供橙色油狀物。藉由矽膠層析純化該油狀物,使用10%(2M NH3
,存於MeOH中)/DCM洗脫以提供標題化合物,其未經進一步純化即使用。
向吡啶基-2-甲醛(14.22g,133mmol)及(R)-纈胺醇(13.7g,133mmol)存於DCM(150ml)之溶液中添加MgSO4
(63.9g,531mmol)。將該反應物在室溫下攪拌過夜且隨後過濾之以移除MgSO4
並在真空中濃縮。將殘留物溶於DCM(150ml)中並藉助冰浴冷卻。添加TEA(14.78g,146mmol)及TMSCl(15.87g,146mmol)並將該混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。過濾該混合物並在真空中濃縮濾液。使所得殘留物吸收於1:1 Et2O:環己烷中。過濾出固體並濃縮濾液以提供橙色/褐色油狀標題化合物。
向亞胺(10.78g,40.8mmol)存於冷卻至-78℃之THF(100ml)的溶液中添加乙基鋰之溶液(26.4ml,1.7M,存於二丁基醚中)。在-78℃下攪拌該混合物且在1h後,添加5M HCl並繼續在RT下攪拌過夜。該反應混合物用EtOAc及H2
O稀釋。分離水性層與有機層並用EtOAc進一步萃取水性層。合併有機萃液經乾燥(MgSO4
)、過濾並在真空中濃縮以提供標題化合物,其未經進一步純化即使用。[M+H]+
223.1。
向(S)-3-甲基-2-((R)-1-(吡啶-2-基)丙基胺基)丁-1-醇(步驟2,粗製產物)(40.8mmol)存於MeOH(250ml)之溶液中添加甲基胺(60ml 40%水溶液),繼而添加高碘酸(37.2g,163mmol)存於水(70ml)中之溶液。將該混合物在RT下攪拌過夜並過濾出所得白色固體沉澱。在真空中濃縮濾液以移除MeOH。殘留水性層隨後用EtOAc萃取。合併有機層經乾燥(MgSO4
)、過濾並在真空中濃縮。藉由矽膠層析純化粗製產物,用0-20% MeOH/DCM梯度洗脫,提供標題產物;[M+H}+ 137。
Claims (14)
- 一種式I化合物
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1 係H、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1 -C4 烷基)-3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1 -C4 烷基)-3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷基、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷氧基、或含有2個至10個碳原子及1個至3個氧原子之醚基團,其中該醚基團視情況經一個或多個取代基取代,該等取代基各自獨立地選自OH、鹵素、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團及視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團;R2 係視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1 -C4 烷基)-3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之(C1 -C4 烷基)-3至10員雜環基團、視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷基、視情況經一個或多 個鹵素原子或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷氧基、或含有2個至10個碳原子及1個至3個氧原子之醚基團,其中該醚基團視情況經一個或多個取代基取代,該等取代基各自獨立地選自OH、鹵素、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團及視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團;或R1 及R2 與其所連接碳原子一起形成視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、或視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團;R3 係氫、鹵素或氰基;R4 係H、C1 -C8 烷基、C3 -C8 環烷基、C5 -C8 環烯基或(C1 -C4 烷基)-R6 ,其中該等烷基基團各自視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子取代;R5 係C1 -C8 烷基、C3 -C8 環烷基、C5 -C8 環烯基、(C1 -C4 烷基)-C3 -C8 環烷基或(C1 -C4 烷基)-C5 -C8 環烯基,其中該等烷基基團各自視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子取代;或R4 及R5 與其所連接的氮及氧原子一起形成視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之5至10員雜環基團;R6 係選自視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員碳環基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之3至10員雜環基團、NR7 R9 、NR7 (SO2 )R9 、(SO2 )NR7 R8 、(SO2 )R9 、NR7 C(O)R9 、C(O)NR7 R9 、NR7 C(O)NR8 R9 、NR7 C(O)OR9 、C(O)OR7 、OC(O)R9 、OC(O)NR7 、C(O)R9 、SR7 、CN及NO2 ; R7 及R8 各自獨立地選自H、C1 -C6 烷基、C3 -C10 環烷基、C5 -C10 環烯基及-(C1 -C3 伸烷基)-C3 -C10 環烷基;R9 係選自H、C1 -C6 烷基、-(C1 -C3 伸烷基)-C3 -C10 環烷基、3至10員碳環基團及3至10員雜環基團,其中該等烷基基團及環系各自視情況經OH、鹵素、C1 -C3 烷基及C1 -C3 烷氧基取代;X係CR14 或N;Z獨立地選自OH;3至10員碳環基團;3至10員雜環基團;苄基;視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷基;視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷氧基;-O芳基;-O苄基;-O(CH2 )a C(O)E;NR10 (SO2 )R12 ;(SO2 )NR10 R11 ;(SO2 )R12 ;NR10 C(O)R12 ;C(O)NR10 R12 ;NR10 C(O)NR11 R12 ;NR10 C(O)OR12 ;NR10 R12 ;C(O)OR10 ;OC(O)R12 ;OC(O)NR10 ;C(O)R12 ;SR12 ;CN;NO2 ;及鹵素;或其中有兩個或更多個Z取代基,兩個Z取代基與其所連接原子一起視情況形成與環系稠合之5-至7-員碳環或4-至7-員雜環取代基;a係0、1、2、3或4,其中當a為1、2、3或4時該伸烷基基團視情況經OH或NH2 取代;E係NR10 R12 或OR12 ;R10 及R11 各自獨立地選自H、C1 -C6 烷基、C3 -C10 環烷基、C5 -C10 環烯基及-(C1 -C3 伸烷基)-C3 -C10 環烷基;每一R12 係選自H、C1 -C6 烷基、-(C1 -C3 伸烷基)-C3 -C10 環烷基、3至10員碳環基團及3至10員雜環基團,其中該 等環系各自視情況經OH、鹵素、C1 -C3 烷基及C1 -C3 烷氧基取代;且R14 係H或C1 -C6 烷基。 - 如請求項1之化合物,其中R1 係H或C1 -C4 烷基。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之化合物,其中R1 係H或C1 -C4 烷基;R2 係視情況經一個或多個鹵素原子、CN或OH基團取代之C1 -C6 烷基、含有2個至10個碳原子及1個至3個氧原子之醚基團、視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員碳環基團、或視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員雜環基團;或R1 及R2 與其所連接碳原子一起形成視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員碳環基團或視情況經一個或多個Z基團取代之4至6員雜環基團。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之化合物,其中R3 係鹵素。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之化合物,其中R4 係H、C1 -C4 烷基、C3 -C6 環烷基或(C1 -C3 烷基)-C3 -C6 環烷基。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之化合物,其中R5 係C1 -C6 烷基。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之化合物,其中X係CH。
- 一種化合物,其係選自:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 如請求項1之化合物,其中該化合物為具有以下結構之6-氯-3-[2-(1-乙基-丙基胺基)-3,4-二酮基-環丁-1-烯基胺基]-2-羥基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-苯磺醯胺 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 8及9中任一項之化合物,其用作醫藥。
- 一種如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物用於製造用於治療炎症性或過敏性病況或疾病之藥物的用途,該炎症性或過敏性病況或疾病係選自慢性阻塞性肺部氣道病或肺病(COPD、COAD或COLD)、慢性支氣管炎或與其相關之呼吸困難、肺氣腫、毛細支氣管炎閉塞性症候群、嚴重哮喘、急性肺損傷(ALI)、急性/成人呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)、特發性肺纖維化、纖維化肺病、氣道高反應性、呼吸困難、肺纖維化、過敏性氣道炎症、小氣道疾病、肺癌瘤、具有鐮狀細胞疾病及肺動脈高血壓之患者的急性胸部症候群、繼其他藥物療法後之氣道超敏反應加重、急性、花生仁吸入性、卡他性、格魯布性(croupus)、慢性或結核性支氣管炎及肺塵埃沉著病。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該病況係慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑或賦形劑。
- 一種製備如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物的方法,該方法包括使式II化合物與式III化合物反應
其中R3 、R4 及R5 係如請求項1所定義 其中X、R1 及R2 係如請求項1所定義;及分離產物。
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| PT2444120T (pt) | 2007-12-10 | 2018-01-03 | Novartis Ag | Análogos da amilorida espirocíclicos como bloqueadores de enac |
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