TWI422621B - Method of recycling and reproducing for the hemodialysis fiber material - Google Patents
Method of recycling and reproducing for the hemodialysis fiber material Download PDFInfo
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- TWI422621B TWI422621B TW100101182A TW100101182A TWI422621B TW I422621 B TWI422621 B TW I422621B TW 100101182 A TW100101182 A TW 100101182A TW 100101182 A TW100101182 A TW 100101182A TW I422621 B TWI422621 B TW I422621B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012414 sterilization procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
本發明是一種洗腎管中空纖維材料之回收再製方法。The invention relates to a method for recycling and recovering a hollow fiber material of a dialysis tube.
隨著國內人口老化、高血壓及糖尿病患者增加和對藥物的過度濫用，世界各國洗腎人口快速攀升，台灣之洗腎人口更高居於世界之冠，基於此，透析管(人工腎臟)每年需求及廢棄量也日益增加。以每名洗腎病人一周洗三次計算，一年就需要156隻透析管，台灣當前的透析管廢棄數量每年更達9百萬隻左右。With the aging of the domestic population, the increase of hypertension and diabetes, and the excessive abuse of drugs, the dialysis population in the world has risen rapidly, and the dialysis population in Taiwan is the highest in the world. Based on this, the annual demand for dialysis tubes (artificial kidneys) And the amount of waste is also increasing. In order to wash three times a week for each dialysis patient, 156 dialysis tubes are needed in one year. The current number of dialysis tubes in Taiwan is about 9 million per year.
該透析管之一外管管材主要有聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯三種可回收再利用，但該透析管內部所用之一透析纖維材料之聚碸(polysulfone)、醋酸纖維素(cellulose acetate)、聚胺(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)等均無回收，處理該透析管內部之透析纖維材料係以焚化方式處理，該處理方法不僅浪費資源，更對環境造成非常大的負擔，因此非常不利於環保。One of the outer tube tubes of the dialysis tube mainly has three kinds of polycarbonate, polystyrene and polypropylene which can be recycled and reused, but one of the dialysis fiber materials used in the dialysis tube is polysulfone or cellulose acetate. ), polyamine (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc. are not recovered, and the dialysis fiber material inside the dialysis tube is treated by incineration, which not only wastes resources but also causes great environmental damage. The burden is therefore very unfavorable to the environment.
為了解決既有處理洗腎透析管內部之透析纖維材料未回收再利用，造成環境負擔的技術問題，本發明提供一種回收該透析管內部的回收再製方法，藉以將該些材料經過適當的回收及處理製程後，可以重新將材料製成原料材料，大幅減少報廢、焚化的材料，解決既有技術的環保問題。In order to solve the technical problem that the dialysis fiber material inside the dialysis dialysis tube is not recycled and reused, resulting in environmental burden, the present invention provides a recycling method for recovering the inside of the dialysis tube, whereby the materials are properly recovered and After the treatment process, the materials can be re-formed into raw materials, which greatly reduce the materials that are scrapped and incinerated, and solve the environmental problems of the existing technologies.
本發明提供一種人工腎臟中空纖維材料之回收再製方法，該洗腎管包含一外管以及填充於該外管之內部之一中空纖維材料，該外管之二封蓋端分別設有一開口，該開口之孔徑比該外管之管徑小，其中該中空纖維材料為包含複數條纖維之一纖維束，每條纖維為中空且表面具有微孔隙；該中空纖維材料之回收再製方法步驟包含：去除殘存液體：將完成滅菌之後的該洗腎管之一端的開口引入一高壓氣源，對該中空纖維材料施以高壓吹氣而讓殘留於該中空纖維材料之液體或雜質得以排除於該洗腎管外；切截端口：將該外管之兩個該封蓋端切傑一部份後使該外管之開放端口放大；取出纖維：以一推出手段，將該中空纖維材料自該外管內部由其中一個開放端口推出並予以收集；脫水：將該中空纖維材料脫水而將殘留於該中空纖維材料之水氣或液體排出；除濕乾燥：以加溫烘烤方式將該中空纖維材料乾燥化；及造粒：將乾燥化的該中空纖維材料至入一造粒裝置，依序經過粉末化、熔融混練步驟後，再擠出並切截而產生顆粒狀的一高分子原料。The invention provides a method for recovering and re-manufacturing an artificial kidney hollow fiber material, the dialysis tube comprising an outer tube and a hollow fiber material filled in the inner portion of the outer tube, wherein the two closed ends of the outer tube are respectively provided with an opening, The aperture of the opening is smaller than the diameter of the outer tube, wherein the hollow fiber material is a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers, each fiber is hollow and has micropores on the surface; and the method for recycling the hollow fiber material comprises: removing Residual liquid: introducing an opening of one end of the dialysis tube after sterilization to a high-pressure gas source, applying high-pressure air to the hollow fiber material to allow liquid or impurities remaining in the hollow fiber material to be excluded from the dialysis Outside the tube; the cutting port: the two end portions of the outer tube are cut into a portion to enlarge the open port of the outer tube; the fiber is taken out: the hollow fiber material is taken from the outer tube by a pushing means The interior is pushed out by one of the open ports and collected; dehydration: dehydrating the hollow fiber material to discharge water or liquid remaining in the hollow fiber material; Drying the hollow fiber material by heating and baking; and granulating: drying the hollow fiber material into a granulating device, sequentially passing through a powdering, melt-kneading step, and then extruding and cutting A particulate raw material is produced in a granular shape.
其中，該除濕乾燥及造粒步驟之間進一步包含下列步驟：結塊：將乾燥化後的中空纖維材料施以一結塊手段，讓中空纖維材料形成一板狀或塊狀的一回收材料母料；及粉碎：將板狀或塊狀的該回收材料母料施以一粉碎方法，將回收材料母料粉體化或顆粒化。Wherein, the dehumidifying drying and granulating step further comprises the following steps: agglomerating: applying a caking means to the dried hollow fiber material, and forming the hollow fiber material into a plate or block of a recycled material mother And pulverization: the smashing method is applied to the recovered material masterbatch in the form of a plate or a block, and the recycled material masterbatch is powdered or granulated.
其中，該脫水步驟以一離心力方式將水分或液體排出該中空纖維材料裝置。Wherein, the dehydration step discharges moisture or liquid out of the hollow fiber material device by a centrifugal force.
其中，該中空纖維材料之材質為PSF(polysulfone)、PES(polyethersulfone)或壓克力系高分子。The material of the hollow fiber material is PSF (polysulfone), PES (polyethersulfone) or acrylic polymer.
藉此，本發明可將原本以燃燒丟棄的中空纖維材料予以回收成為高分子原料，使該些高分子原料得再利用為其他物品的生產原料，不僅減低燃燒過程產生的空氣污染，更可創造新的經濟價值與利益，實對於相關原料生產產業造成非常巨大的影響與助益，更完全解決既有技術的環保問題。Therefore, the present invention can recover the hollow fiber material originally discarded by combustion into a polymer raw material, and reuse the polymer raw materials for the production of other articles, thereby not only reducing the air pollution generated by the combustion process, but also creating The new economic value and benefits have a very huge impact on the related raw material production industry, and more completely solve the environmental problems of existing technologies.
第一圖為本發明洗腎管中空纖維材料之回收再製方法之較佳實施流程圖，目前洗腎管主要包含一外管以及填充於該外管之內部之一中空纖維材料，該外管之二封蓋端上分別設有一開口，該開口之孔徑比該外管之管徑小，其中該中空纖維材料為包含複數條纖維之一纖維束，每條纖維為中空且表面具有微孔隙，該中空纖維材料之材質多為PSF(polysulfone)、PES(polyethersulfone)、PMMA或其他壓克力系的材質。本實施例之該洗腎管中空纖維材料之回收再製方法之製程步驟可包含下列：(50)滅菌：依據法規的要求，在滅菌之前，使用過後的一洗腎管屬於醫療廢棄物，處理醫療廢棄物必須有非常繁冗的程序與相關許可，因此，本步驟係依據法規所規定的滅菌程序(例如高溫蒸汽滅菌等)將該洗腎管經過滅菌之後，讓該洗腎管可以以一般廢棄物方式處理。The first figure is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method for recovering and re-manufacturing the hollow fiber material of the dialysis tube. The dialysis tube mainly comprises an outer tube and a hollow fiber material filled in the inner portion of the outer tube. An opening is formed on the second cover end, the aperture of the opening is smaller than the diameter of the outer tube, wherein the hollow fiber material is a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers, each fiber is hollow and the surface has micropores, The material of the hollow fiber material is mostly PSF (polysulfone), PES (polyethersulfone), PMMA or other acrylic materials. The process steps of the method for recycling the dialysis tube hollow fiber material of the present embodiment may include the following: (50) Sterilization: According to the requirements of the regulations, before use, a used kidney washing tube belongs to medical waste, and the medical treatment is processed. Waste must have very complicated procedures and related permits. Therefore, this step is to sterilize the dialysis tube according to the sterilization procedures (such as high temperature steam sterilization) prescribed by the regulations, so that the dialysis tube can be used as general waste. Way to handle.
(51)初階去除殘存液體：使用後及滅菌後，該洗腎管內的該中空纖維材料將含有許多的殘存液體，由於該中空纖維材料為多孔隙材質，因此，欲去除使用後的該中空纖維材料內含液體頗為困難。為了縮短乾燥該中空纖維材料之製程時間，本步驟先將該洗腎管其中一端的開口引入一高壓氣源，對該中空纖維材料施以高壓吹氣而讓大多數殘留於該中空纖維材料之液體或雜質得以排除於該洗腎管外。其中，引入該高壓氣源，係透讓該中空纖維材料因為高壓氣源之吹拂而快速震動，更讓中空纖維材料得以脫除內藏的液體，並將液體由該外管之另一端開口排出。(51) preliminary removal of residual liquid: after use and after sterilization, the hollow fiber material in the dialysis tube will contain a lot of residual liquid, and since the hollow fiber material is porous, it is intended to be removed after use. It is quite difficult to contain liquid in the hollow fiber material. In order to shorten the processing time of drying the hollow fiber material, in this step, the opening of one end of the dialysis tube is first introduced into a high-pressure gas source, and the hollow fiber material is subjected to high-pressure blowing to leave most of the hollow fiber material. Liquid or impurities are excluded from the dialysis tube. Wherein, the introduction of the high-pressure gas source causes the hollow fiber material to vibrate rapidly due to the blowing of the high-pressure gas source, and further allows the hollow fiber material to remove the trapped liquid and discharge the liquid from the other end of the outer tube. .
(52)切截端口：為了加快由該外管取出內部的該中空纖維材料，本實施例先將該外管之兩個該封蓋端切截一部份後使該外管的開放端口放大。(52) cutting port: in order to speed up the hollow fiber material taken out from the outer tube, in this embodiment, the two end portions of the outer tube are cut into a part to enlarge the open port of the outer tube. .
(53)取出纖維：以推出手段，將填充於該外管內部的中空纖維材料推出後予以收集。本實施例之推出手段係以一自動化的推拉機械手臂，於夾持固定該外管後，由該外管之其中一端開口伸入一機械手臂將中空纖維材料由另一端開口推出。(53) The fiber is taken out: the hollow fiber material filled in the inside of the outer tube is pushed out by a pushing means, and collected. The pushing means of the embodiment is an automatic push-pull mechanical arm. After the outer tube is clamped and fixed, a hollow end of the outer tube extends into a mechanical arm to push the hollow fiber material out of the other end opening.
(54)脫水：將收集纖維狀之該中空纖維材料至入一脫水裝置將內含的水氣、水分、液體排出。該脫水裝置可以是利用離心力將水分、液體排出該中空纖維材料的裝置，例如滾筒式之脫水機；或者該脫水裝置也可以是利用擠壓等方式將中空纖維材料內的水分、液體的裝置。(54) Dehydration: The fibrous hollow fiber material is collected to a dewatering device to discharge the contained water, moisture, and liquid. The dewatering device may be a device that discharges moisture or liquid from the hollow fiber material by centrifugal force, for example, a drum type dewatering machine; or the dewatering device may be a device that uses moisture or liquid in the hollow fiber material by extrusion or the like.
(55)除濕乾燥：將脫水後的該中空纖維材料予以一除濕乾燥手段，將該中空纖維材料內含殘存的水氣予以去除。該除濕乾燥手段可以是置入烘箱等設備將中空纖維材料予以烘烤乾燥。本實施例之除濕乾燥係利用一除濕乾燥筒，其製程條件是120~140℃，持溫時間2~6小時；由於乾燥時間與溫度隨材料的數量與種類有關，乾燥不同材質或不同狀態的纖維時，則可以使用適合的時間與製程條件。(55) Dehumidifying and drying: The dehydrated hollow fiber material is subjected to a dehumidifying and drying means to remove residual moisture contained in the hollow fiber material. The dehumidifying and drying means may be a method of placing in an oven or the like to bake the hollow fiber material. The dehumidifying drying system of the present embodiment utilizes a dehumidifying drying cylinder, the processing condition is 120~140 ° C, and the holding time is 2-6 hours; since the drying time and temperature are related to the quantity and type of the material, drying different materials or different states For fibers, suitable time and process conditions can be used.
(56)結塊：烘乾後的中空纖維材料呈現隨機排列的纖維狀，為了增加後續的粉碎製程之處理速度，本實施例先將乾燥化的該中空纖維材料與以一結塊手段將纖維狀之該中空纖維材料製造成一塊狀或一片狀。本實施例之結塊手段係利用一雙滾筒裝置先將纖維狀之該中空纖維材料予以熔融混練後並熱壓製成板狀或塊狀之一回收材料母料。其中，經過試驗，雙滾筒裝置之製程條件，溫度於室溫(>25℃)以上為較佳，而轉速則以10~60rpm為最佳。(56) agglomeration: the hollow fiber material after drying exhibits a random arrangement of fibers, and in order to increase the processing speed of the subsequent pulverization process, the present embodiment firstly dries the hollow fiber material and agglomerates the fiber. The hollow fiber material is formed into a piece or a piece. The agglomeration means of the present embodiment first melts and kneads the fibrous hollow fiber material by a double roller device, and then hot-presses it into a plate-like or block-shaped recycled material masterbatch. Among them, after testing, the process conditions of the double roller device, the temperature is preferably above room temperature (>25 ° C), and the rotation speed is preferably 10 to 60 rpm.
(57)粉碎：將呈板狀或塊狀的該回收材料母料以一粉碎方法予以粉體化或顆粒化。(57) Crushing: The recovered material masterbatch in the form of a plate or a block is powdered or granulated by a pulverization method.
(58)造粒：將回收材料母料或該中空纖維材料輸入至一造粒裝置，該造粒裝置可以是輸入端連接一單螺桿、一利拿機或一萬馬力機之混練裝置，將粉體化或顆粒化的該回收料母料再熔融混練後擠出並裁切造粒形成一高分子原料。經過試驗結果發現，使用利拿機進行造粒之製程條件為270-330℃、轉速20-30rpm為較佳；而使用單螺桿之製程條件則為230℃-280℃、轉速15-35rpm為較佳；其中，利用不同的造粒裝置所製造的高分子原料之特性略有不同，如下表一。(58) granulation: the recycled material masterbatch or the hollow fiber material is input to a granulating device, and the granulating device may be a mixing device with a single screw, a finer or a 10,000 horsepower machine connected to the input end, The powdered or granulated recycled masterbatch is melted and kneaded, extruded, and granulated to form a polymer raw material. The test results show that the process conditions for granulation using lining machine are 270-330 ° C, and the rotation speed is 20-30 rpm. The process conditions using single screw are 230 ° C - 280 ° C and the rotation speed is 15-35 rpm. Preferably, the properties of the polymer materials produced by using different granulating devices are slightly different, as shown in Table 1 below.
依據前述步驟，本實施例可以將原本以燃燒丟棄的中空纖維材料予以回收成為高分子原料，使該些高分子原料得再利用為其他物品的生產原料，不僅減低燃燒過程產生的空氣污染，更可創造新的經濟價值與利益，實對於相關原料生產產業造成非常巨大的影響與助益。According to the foregoing steps, the hollow fiber material originally discarded by burning can be recycled into a polymer raw material, and the polymer raw materials can be reused as raw materials for production of other articles, thereby not only reducing air pollution generated by the combustion process, but also The creation of new economic values and benefits has had a tremendous impact and contribution to the related raw material production industry.
本實施例所載的各項步驟中，步驟(57)及步驟(56)並非必要流程，實際執行時，也可依據所使用的造粒裝置及製程時間而可不執行，亦即將乾燥化之後的該中空纖維材料直接送進利拿機等裝置以熔融混練，直接將纖維狀的該中空纖維材料與以剪切力粉碎後熔融混練並造粒。Steps (57) and (56) are not necessary processes in the various steps in the embodiment. Actually, they may be executed according to the granulator and the process time used, and are also after drying. The hollow fiber material is directly sent to a device such as a finer to melt and knead, and the fibrous hollow fiber material is directly pulverized by shearing, melt-kneaded and granulated.
第一圖為本發明之較佳實施例流程圖。The first figure is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
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