TWI414482B - 無機層狀材料的脫層方法 - Google Patents
無機層狀材料的脫層方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI414482B TWI414482B TW099126881A TW99126881A TWI414482B TW I414482 B TWI414482 B TW I414482B TW 099126881 A TW099126881 A TW 099126881A TW 99126881 A TW99126881 A TW 99126881A TW I414482 B TWI414482 B TW I414482B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- inorganic layered
- layered material
- titanium
- material according
- inorganic
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 titanium alkane Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Natural products CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetraethoxydecane Chemical compound C(C)OC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- WSJLZDFPZZWJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetracesium tetraacetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C)(=O)[O-].C(C)(=O)[O-].[Cs+].[Cs+].[Cs+].[Cs+] WSJLZDFPZZWJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IHEDBVUTTQXGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[bis(2-oxidoethyl)amino]ethanolate;titanium(4+);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Ti+4].[O-]CCN(CC[O-])CC[O-] IHEDBVUTTQXGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-hydroxypropanoate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCNPJDSNTWDRNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate titanium Chemical compound C(C)OC(C(C(=O)C)CC)=O.[Ti] LCNPJDSNTWDRNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth Chemical compound [Bi]=O CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetyloxysilyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(C)=O YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/26—Aluminium-containing silicates, i.e. silico-aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/141—Preparation of hydrosols or aqueous dispersions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/145—Preparation of hydroorganosols, organosols or dispersions in an organic medium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/146—After-treatment of sols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於無機層狀材料,更特別關於其脫層方法及將脫層的無機層狀材料材料添加至高分子中的應用。
無機層狀材料中,黏土(clay)為自然界最常見的矽酸鹽礦物。黏土粒徑小,具有層狀結晶的排列、耐酸鹼性、耐熱性、以及高機械強度(high mechanical property),可作為高分子之填充劑或補強材以提升其熱性質與機械性質。黏土在高分子中的分散性(dispersion)為複合材料性質之重要關鍵。過去已知技術係將黏土改質後,利用單體的聚合爆破力破壞層狀結構,使黏土的層狀結構脫層。
在美國專利6,822,019、6,765,050、7,022,299、及台灣專利I280261等案中,以多官能基及高分支型態聚胺作為有機脫層劑(organic exfoliating agent),使無機黏土脫層以製備無序奈米矽片。
在台灣專利公開號200924840中,利用無機黏土層間電荷和金屬離子交換,再利用還原劑還原金屬離子,以製備無序的脫層奈米級矽氧無機片狀黏土。
台灣專利I270529及美國專利7,125,916中,利用聚醚胺、對甲酚、及甲醛進行聚合反應,得直鏈型Mannich高分子插層劑,並藉由取代反應將黏土脫層。在反應溶液中加入鹼金族或鹼土族金屬的氫氧化物或氯化物水溶液、乙醇、水、及有機溶劑後,再進行過濾及靜置分層等分離程序,即得層狀奈米矽片。
在美國專利6,649,713中,利用長碳鏈烷基銨鹽(aliphatic amine)改質進入黏土層間,再將奈米級二氧化矽(silica)或二氧化鈦(titanium dioxide)粒子與黏土層間改質劑進行溶膠-凝膠反應,再將乙烯或丙烯單體加入進行聚合,製備奈米複合材料。
綜上所述,目前大部份的脫層方法僅適用於黏土而未擴及所有的層狀無機材料,且脫層步驟較複雜。目前亟需簡易的脫層方法,以應用於黏土以外的無機層狀材料。
本發明提供一種無機層狀材料的脫層方法,包括以下步驟:提供一均相前驅物溶液(homogeneous precursor soution),其中該均相前驅物溶液包括鈦醇烷鹽溶液(titanium alkyl alcohol salt solution)或矽醇烷溶液(alcohol silane solution);施加一無機層狀材料至該均相前驅物溶液中,形成一溶膠(sol);以水熱法(hydrothermal method)使該溶膠形成為一濕凝膠(wet gel);以及水洗(washing)、乾燥(drying)、並鍛燒(calcining),形成一脫層的無機層狀材料(exfoliated inorganic layered material)。
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉出較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:
本發明提供一種無機層狀材料的脫層方法,包括以下步驟,首先提供一均相前驅物溶液,其中均相前驅物溶液包括含鈦化合物溶液或含矽化合物溶液。
製備含鈦化合物溶液之步驟包括混合鈦醇烷、螯合物(chelate)與水,以形成均相前驅物溶液。上述鈦醇烷包括四正丁醇鈦(titanium(IV) n-butoxide)、四異丙醇鈦(titanium tetra-isopropoxide)、四(2-乙基己基)鈦(titanium tetra-(2-ethylhexyl))或上述之組合。上述螯合物包括醋酸(acetate)、乳酸(lactic acid)、乙醯丙酮(acetylacetone)、乙基乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)、三乙醇胺(tri ethanolamine)或上述之組合。為避免鈦醇烷在水中之水解速率過快,加入水之前要先加入螯合物,以控制反應速率。除了自行製備外,亦可直接採用市售之鈦螯合劑如乙醯乙酸乙酯鈦酸酯(DC)(titanium ethyl-2-ethylacetoacetate)螯合劑、三乙醇胺鈦酸酯(TE)、或乳酸鈦酸酯(LA)(titanium lactate),均可購自杜邦(DuPont)。
製備含矽化合物溶液之步驟包括混合矽烷氧化物(silane oxide)、醇類(alcohol)、無機酸類(inorganic acid)與水,以形成矽醇烷溶液,其中矽烷氧化物包括四甲氧基矽烷(tetramethoxy silane,TAOS)、四乙氧基矽烷(tetraethoxy silane,TEOS)、四丙氧基矽烷(tetrapropoxy silane,TPOS)、四丁氧基矽烷(tetrabutoxy silane)、四醋酸矽(silicon tetraacetate)、四氯矽烷(silicon tetrachloride,SiCl4
)或上述之組合。上述無機酸類包括硫酸(sulfuric acid)、鹽酸(hydrochloric acid)、硝酸(nitric acid)、磷酸(phosphoric acid)、醋酸(acetic acid)或上述之組合。上述醇類包含甲醇(methanol)、乙醇(ethanol)、丙醇(propanol)、丁醇(butanol)或上述之組合。
接著將無機層狀材料加入上述均相前驅物溶液中,以形成一溶膠(sol),其中無機層狀材料包括矽礬石類黏土(smectite clay)、蛭石(vermiculite)、管狀高嶺土(halloysite)、絹雲母(sericite)或雲母(mica),而矽礬石類黏土(smectite clay)可包括蒙脫土(montmorillonite)、皂土(saponite)、富鋁蒙脫土(bedidellite)、矽鐵石(nontronite)、鋰皂土(hectorite)、水滑石(layered double hydroxides,LDH)或其他無機層狀材料。
在本發明一實施例中,均相前驅物溶液與無機層狀材料之重量比為約0.1:1至100:1,較佳為約(3~10):1,更佳為約(0.5~1.5):1。此外,若均相前驅物溶液比例過高時,將使後續形成之氧化物(經過水熱法之後)粒徑過大。若前驅物之比例過低,將使氧化物粒徑過小。
於一實施例中,將無機層狀材料加入均相前驅物溶液之前,可先對無機層狀材料進行膨潤(swelling)。須注意的是,此處所謂的”膨潤”係將將無機層狀材料均勻地分散於水中(well dispersed in water)。舉例來說,將蒙脫土加入水中膨潤,其中蒙脫土與水之較佳比例介於1:20至1:50之間。
之後,進行一水熱法,使溶膠(sol)凝化變成濕凝膠(wet gel),其中水熱法包括一般的水熱法、微波水熱法(microwave hydrothermal method)或上述之組合,水熱法之溫度為約100℃~180℃,時間為約10分鐘~10小時。於一實施例中,將無機層狀材料加入均相前驅物溶液後,以溫度為約150℃之水熱法,時間為約4小時,使均相前驅物溶液進行溶膠-凝膠反應(sol-gel reaction)。
進行水熱法之作用在於產生氧化物(例如二氧化鈦(TiO2
)或二氧化矽(SiO2
)),這些氧化物會在無機層狀材料的層狀結構之間形成奈米粒子,以破壞層狀堆疊結構,此外,氧化物亦會包覆與遮蔽無機層狀間的電荷,使無機層狀材料層脫層。
水熱法之反應溫度可控制氧化物之晶相結構(crystal structure)。若反應溫度過低及/或反應時間過短,則氧化物粒徑小。但若反應溫度過高及/或反應時間過長,會因為氧化物粒子聚集而導致氧化物粒徑較大,若氧化物粒徑過大將不利於在無機層狀材料間分散。
之後,將濕凝膠經過水洗、乾燥與鍛燒,以形成脫層的無機層狀材料,此時之無機層狀材料為粉末狀。上述鍛燒溫度為約200℃~600℃,時間為約1小時~10小時。在本發明一實施例中,鍛燒步驟的升溫速率每分鐘5℃,並於300℃鍛燒3小時。
綜上所述,本發明藉由溶膠-凝膠法與水熱法,使均相前驅物溶液於無機層狀材料的層狀結構之間進行水解縮合反應,以形成氧化物(例如TiO2
或SiO2
),這些氧化物可在層狀結構之間形成奈米粒子,破壞上述層狀結構,並包覆及遮蔽層狀結構之間的電荷,以得到脫層的無機層狀材料。
此外,本發明亦可將上述得到之脫層的無機層狀材料加入一高分子中,用以增加高分子之氣體阻氣性(gas barrier property)。
適合之高分子包括(但不限於)熱塑性高分子聚酯類(thermo plastic polyester),如聚對苯二甲酸乙烯酯(Polyethylene terephthalate,PET)、聚對苯二甲酸丁烯酯(Polybutylene Terephthalate,PBT)、聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)等;聚烯類(polyene),如聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE)、聚丙烯(Poly propylene,PP)、聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene,PS)等;壓克力樹脂類(acrylic resin),如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)等;熱固性高分子環氧樹脂類(thermo setting epoxy),如酚醛環氧樹脂(Novolac)等。
於一實施例中,將上述製得之脫層的無機層狀材料加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA),利用氣體滲透分析儀(gas permeability analyzer,GPA)測量PMMA薄膜之氣體穿透率,實驗結果顯示添加有脫層的無機層狀材料的PMMA薄膜具有較高的氣體阻氣性(相較於純PMMA薄膜)。
為了讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉數實施例配合所附圖示,作詳細說明如下:
取3.55 g四異丙醇鈦(titanium tetra-isopropoxide),加入22.48 g冰醋酸(acetate)攪拌混合後,緩慢加入11 ml二次去離子水,使四異丙醇鈦完全水解形成透明澄清溶液。接著加入1 g膨潤蒙脫土(NTC-C34,購自中國製釉股份有限公司(CHINA GLAZE CO.,LTD.)後攪拌均勻形成溶膠(sol)。取15ml的溶膠置於高壓釜(high pressure autoclave)中,設定升溫條件為10℃/min,升溫至150℃,並於150℃進行0.5小時的水熱反應,形成濕凝膠(wet gel)。之後,將濕凝膠進行離心,再經由水洗、乾燥與鍛燒步驟,其中鍛燒步驟之升溫速率為每分鐘5℃,於300℃鍛燒3小時,即可得脫層型的無機層狀材料粉末。
實施例2
與實施例1
的實驗條件類似,差別在於水熱反應的時間改為4小時,之後於300℃鍛燒3小時。
實施例3
與實施例1
的實驗條件類似,差別在於實施例3
之前驅物比例降低為1/5,四異丙醇鈦添加量為0.71g,冰醋酸添加量為4.50 g,水熱反應的時間為4小時,鍛燒時間為3小時。
將0.5 g膨潤蒙脫土(NTC-C34,購自中國製釉股份有限公司)、15ml二次去離子水、1.735 g四乙氧矽烷與0.3 ml硝酸溶液(1M)攪拌混合後,以超音波震盪使其成為均相溶膠(此時pH=1.93)。之後,將15ml混合溶液的溶膠置於高壓釜中,設定升溫條件為10℃/min,升溫至100℃,並於100℃進行4小時的水熱反應,形成濕凝膠。之後,再將濕凝膠進行離心,再經由水洗、乾燥與鍛燒步驟,其中鍛燒之升溫速率為每分鐘5℃,於300℃鍛燒3小時,即可獲得脫層型的無機層狀材料。
第1圖顯示實施例1、2、3與4
之脫層的無機層狀材料與原有蒙脫土(NTC-C34)之XRD圖。於第1圖中,原有蒙脫土(001)特徵峰在6.86°,但反應後的無機層狀材料(001)已明顯消失,由此得知,本發明以溶膠-凝膠法可有效地使無機層狀材料脫層。
分別取0.005 g實施例2、3與4
之脫層型無機層狀材料、加入0.495 g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)(購自ALDRICH,分子量350000)與9.5 g NMP攪拌一天使其溶解。取此混合溶液塗佈於玻璃片上(6cm x 6cm),控制溫度60℃持續24小時使其溶劑揮發並成膜。
之後使用氣體滲透分析儀(gas permeability analyzer,GPA)測量PMMA薄膜之氣體穿透率。請參見表1,添加1重量百分比之無機層狀材料於PMMA中,實施例2、3與4
氧氣穿透率(O2
permeability)可以由原本純PMMA的1.01分別降低至0.65、0.28、0.61;氮氣穿透率(N2
permeability)可以由原本純PMMA的0.63降低至0.26、0.03、0.16。由上述數據得知,添加脫層型無機層狀材料於高分子中可增加高分子的氣體阻氣性(gas barrier property)。
雖然本發明已以數個較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
第1圖係本發明實施例中,脫層與未脫層之無機材料的XRD比較圖。
Claims (11)
- 一種無機層狀材料的脫層方法,包括以下步驟:提供一均相前驅物溶液(homogeneous precursor solution),其中該均相前驅物溶液包括含鈦化合物溶液或矽化合物溶液;施加一無機層狀材料至該均相前驅物溶液中,形成一溶膠(sol);以水熱法(hydrothermal method)使該溶膠凝化為一濕凝膠(wet gel);以及水洗(washing)、乾燥(drying)、並鍛燒(calcining)該濕凝膠,以形成一脫層的無機層狀材料(exfoliated inorganic layered material),其中該均相前驅物溶液與該無機層狀材料之重量比為0.1:1至50:1;其中提供該含鈦化合物溶液之步驟包括混合鈦醇烷、螯合物與水,形成該均相前驅物溶液;其中提供該含矽化合物溶液之步驟包括:混合矽烷氧化物、醇類、無機酸類與水,形成該均相前驅物溶液。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該鈦醇烷包括四正丁醇鈦、四異丙醇鈦、四(2-乙基己基)鈦或上述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該螯合物包括醋酸、乳酸、乙醯丙酮、乙基乙酸乙酯、三乙醇胺或上述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層 方法,其中該矽烷氧化物包括四甲氧矽烷、四乙氧矽烷、四丙氧矽烷、四丁氧矽烷、四醋酸矽或上述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該醇類包括甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或上述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該無機酸類包括硫酸、鹽酸、硝酸、磷酸、醋酸或上述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該無機層狀材料包括矽礬石類黏土、蛭石、管狀高嶺土、絹雲母或雲母。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該水熱法之溫度為100℃~180℃,該水熱法之時間為10分鐘~24小時。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該鍛燒之溫度為200℃~600℃,該鍛燒之時間為1小時~10小時。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,更包括將該脫層的無機層狀材料添加於一高分子中。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之無機層狀材料的脫層方法,其中該高分子包括熱塑性高分子聚酯類、聚烯類、壓克力樹脂類或熱固性高分子環氧樹脂類。
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| TWI401117B (zh) | 2007-12-07 | 2013-07-11 | Univ Nat Taiwan | Stable dispersion of nano metal / inorganic clay complex and its manufacturing method |
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| US4176090A (en) * | 1975-11-18 | 1979-11-27 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Pillared interlayered clay materials useful as catalysts and sorbents |
| TW224075B (zh) * | 1991-01-11 | 1994-05-21 | Mobil Oil Corp | |
| CN1338483A (zh) * | 2001-09-27 | 2002-03-06 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 原位聚合制备聚烯烃/无机组份纳米复合材料的方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI805366B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-11 | 中原大學 | 改質型奈米複合材料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8603425B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| TW201206828A (en) | 2012-02-16 |
| US20120041125A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
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