TWI411204B - Resonance conversion device and control module of a resonance converter and method thereof - Google Patents
Resonance conversion device and control module of a resonance converter and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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本發明是有關於一種控制方法,特別是指一種諧振變換器的控制方法。The present invention relates to a control method, and more particularly to a control method for a resonant converter.
由於LLC諧振變換器具有高效率、高功率密度等優點,近年來常被應用於產生各種電子裝置(例如:通訊設備)的電力來源。Since the LLC resonant converter has the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, etc., it has been frequently used in recent years to generate power sources for various electronic devices (for example, communication devices).
參閱圖1,為習知半橋式LLC諧振變換器900,該LLC諧振變換器900藉由其中的一第一功率開關Q1及一第二功率開關Q2相互切換,以控制LLC諧振變換器900能有穩定的輸出電壓Vo。1 is a conventional half-bridge LLC resonant converter 900. The LLC resonant converter 900 is switched between a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 to control the LLC resonant converter 900. There is a stable output voltage Vo.
但是,當習知半橋式LLC諧振變換器900所耦接的負載RL過大,或是LLC諧振變換器900的輸出被短路(short)時,會造成LLC諧振變換器900輸出過大的電流,容易造成後端電子裝置的損壞。且,在LLC諧振變換器900剛啟動時,其輸出電壓的線性度並不高,使得在某些特定的應用(例如:伺服器)上並不適用。However, when the load RL coupled to the conventional half bridge LLC resonant converter 900 is too large, or the output of the LLC resonant converter 900 is shorted, the LLC resonant converter 900 may output excessive current, which is easy. Causes damage to the back-end electronics. Moreover, when the LLC resonant converter 900 is just started, the linearity of its output voltage is not high, making it not suitable for certain applications (eg, servos).
參閱圖2,為習知採用限流電路910的LLC諧振變換器900’,其中係利用限流電路910來限制LLC諧振變換器900’中一諧振電容Cr的電壓,以達到限制LLC諧振變換器900’的輸出電流之目的。然而,實際上,諧振電容Cr的能量依然可由限流電路910傳遞至輸出端,使得在LLC諧振變換器900’並無法精確地限制電流,且增加限流電路910亦並不會改善LLC諧振變換器900’啟動時輸出電壓Vo的線性度。Referring to FIG. 2, an LLC resonant converter 900' using a current limiting circuit 910 is known in which a current limiting circuit 910 is used to limit the voltage of a resonant capacitor Cr in the LLC resonant converter 900' to limit the LLC resonant converter. 900's output current purpose. However, in practice, the energy of the resonant capacitor Cr can still be transferred to the output by the current limiting circuit 910, so that the current cannot be accurately limited in the LLC resonant converter 900', and the increase of the current limiting circuit 910 does not improve the LLC resonant conversion. The linearity of the output voltage Vo when the device 900' is activated.
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種可以在諧振變換器發生過載或是輸出短路時精確地限制電流的諧振變換器之控制方法。Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a control method for a resonant converter that can accurately limit current when the resonant converter is overloaded or the output is shorted.
於是,本發明諧振變換器之控制方法,係應用於一控制模組,該控制模組係與諧振變換器耦接形成一閉迴路,控制模組用以產生一驅動訊號驅動諧振變換器的一功率開關的啟閉,該控制方法包含以下步驟:(A)判斷諧振變換器所耦接的一負載是否介於一工作負載範圍,若是,則執行步驟(B),否則執行步驟(C);(B)令控制模組根據該諧振變換器的一輸出電壓Vo產生該驅動訊號;及(C)令控制模組根據該諧振變換器的一輸出電流Io產生該驅動訊號。Therefore, the control method of the resonant converter of the present invention is applied to a control module, which is coupled to the resonant converter to form a closed loop, and the control module is configured to generate a driving signal-driven resonant converter. The power switch is turned on and off, the control method includes the following steps: (A) determining whether a load coupled to the resonant converter is within a working load range, and if so, performing step (B), otherwise performing step (C); (B) causing the control module to generate the driving signal according to an output voltage Vo of the resonant converter; and (C) causing the control module to generate the driving signal according to an output current Io of the resonant converter.
較佳地,步驟(A)包含子步驟:(A-1)取樣諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io;(A-2)將一參考電壓Vref及一參考電流Iref分別與輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io相減而得一誤差電壓Ver及一誤差電流Ier;(A-3)根據誤差電壓Ver產生一與該驅動訊號之頻率有關的電壓頻率訊號VVF ,且根據誤差電流Ier產生一與該驅動訊號之頻率有關的電流頻率訊號VIF ;及 (A-4)比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 與電流頻率訊號VIF ,若電壓頻率訊號VVF 小於電流頻率訊號VIF ,則執行步驟(B),若電壓頻率訊號VVF 大於電流頻率訊號VIF ,則執行步驟(C)。Preferably, the step (A) comprises the substeps: (A-1) sampling the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter and the output current Io; (A-2) respectively comparing a reference voltage Vref and a reference current Iref with the output voltage Vo The output current Io is subtracted to obtain an error voltage Ver and an error current Ier; (A-3) generating a voltage frequency signal V VF related to the frequency of the driving signal according to the error voltage Ver, and generating a voltage according to the error current Ier The current frequency signal V IF associated with the frequency of the driving signal; and (A-4) comparing the voltage frequency signal V VF with the current frequency signal V IF , if the voltage frequency signal V VF is smaller than the current frequency signal V IF , performing the step ( B) If the voltage frequency signal V VF is greater than the current frequency signal V IF , then step (C) is performed.
較佳地,該步驟(B)中係令控制模組根據電壓頻率訊號VVF 產生對應電壓頻率訊號VVF 之頻率的驅動訊號;該步驟(C)中係令控制模組根據電流頻率訊號VIF 產生對應電流頻率訊號VIF 之頻率的驅動訊號。Preferably, the step (B) so that the system control module generates the frequency corresponding to the frequency of the voltage signal V of the VF signal according to driving voltage signal V the frequency of the VF; step (C) in accordance with a current-based control module Order-frequency signal V The IF generates a drive signal corresponding to the frequency of the current frequency signal V IF .
較佳地,步驟(C)包含以下子步驟:(C-1)判斷驅動訊號的頻率是否為一最高限制頻率,若是,則執行步驟(C-2),否則執行步驟(C-3);(C-2)令控制模組根據輸出電流Io調整驅動訊號的責任週期;及(C-3)令控制模組根據輸出電流Io調整驅動訊號的頻率。Preferably, the step (C) comprises the following sub-steps: (C-1) determining whether the frequency of the driving signal is a highest limiting frequency, and if so, performing step (C-2), otherwise performing step (C-3); (C-2) causes the control module to adjust the duty cycle of the drive signal according to the output current Io; and (C-3) causes the control module to adjust the frequency of the drive signal according to the output current Io.
此外,本發明之另一目的,即在提供一種可以在諧振變換器啟動時增加輸出電壓的線性度,且發生過載或是輸出短路時精確地限制電流的諧振變換器之控制方法。Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a control method of a resonant converter which can increase the linearity of an output voltage when a resonant converter is started, and accurately limit the current when an overload occurs or an output short circuit occurs.
於是,本發明諧振變換器之控制方法,係應用於一控制模組,該控制模組係與諧振變換器耦接形成一閉迴路,該控制方法包含以下步驟:(A)令控制模組根據一觸發訊號產生一驅動訊號,以驅動諧振變換器的一功率開關的啟閉以產生一輸出電壓Vo,且驅動訊號具有一初始責任週期及一初始頻率;(B)令控制模組根據諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo調整驅動 訊號的責任週期;(C)在調整責任週期的過程中,若驅動信號的責任週期已達到50%,且諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo未達一預設的工作電壓Vref,則執行步驟(D);及(D)令控制模組根據輸出電壓Vo調整驅動訊號的頻率,以使諧振變換器產生之輸出電壓Vo達到工作電壓。Therefore, the control method of the resonant converter of the present invention is applied to a control module, which is coupled with the resonant converter to form a closed loop, and the control method comprises the following steps: (A) making the control module according to A trigger signal generates a driving signal to drive the opening and closing of a power switch of the resonant converter to generate an output voltage Vo, and the driving signal has an initial duty cycle and an initial frequency; (B) the control module is converted according to the resonance Output voltage Vo adjustment drive The duty cycle of the signal; (C) in the process of adjusting the duty cycle, if the duty cycle of the driving signal has reached 50%, and the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter does not reach a predetermined operating voltage Vref, then the step (D) is performed. And (D) causing the control module to adjust the frequency of the driving signal according to the output voltage Vo such that the output voltage Vo generated by the resonant converter reaches the operating voltage.
較佳地,於步驟(D)之後,控制方法更包含以下步驟:(E)判斷諧振變換器所耦接的一負載是否介於一工作負載範圍,若是,則執行步驟(F),否則執行步驟(G);(F)令控制模組根據諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo產生驅動訊號;及(G)令控制模組根據諧振變換器的一輸出電流Io產生驅動訊號。Preferably, after the step (D), the control method further comprises the following steps: (E) determining whether a load coupled to the resonant converter is within a working load range, and if yes, performing step (F), otherwise executing Step (G); (F) causing the control module to generate a driving signal according to the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter; and (G) causing the control module to generate a driving signal according to an output current Io of the resonant converter.
較佳地,步驟(E)包含子步驟:(E-1)取樣諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io;(E-2)將一參考電壓Vref及一參考電流Iref分別與輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io相減而得一誤差電壓Ver及一誤差電流Ier;(E-3)根據誤差電壓Ver產生一與該驅動訊號之頻率有關的電壓頻率訊號VVF ,且根據誤差電流Ier產生一與該驅動訊號之頻率有關的電流頻率訊號VIF ;及(E-4)比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 與電流頻率訊號VIF ,若電壓頻率訊號VVF 小於電流頻率訊號VIF ,則執行步驟(F),若電壓頻率訊號VVF 大於電流頻率訊號VIF ,則執行步驟(G)。Preferably, the step (E) comprises the sub-steps: (E-1) sampling the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter and the output current Io; (E-2) respectively separating a reference voltage Vref and a reference current Iref from the output voltage Vo The output current Io is subtracted to obtain an error voltage Ver and an error current Ier; (E-3) generating a voltage frequency signal V VF related to the frequency of the driving signal according to the error voltage Ver, and generating a voltage according to the error current Ier The current frequency signal V IF associated with the frequency of the driving signal; and (E-4) comparing the voltage frequency signal V VF with the current frequency signal V IF , if the voltage frequency signal V VF is smaller than the current frequency signal V IF , the steps are performed ( F), if the voltage frequency signal V VF is greater than the current frequency signal V IF , then step (G) is performed.
較佳地,該步驟(F)中係令控制模組根據電壓頻率訊號VVF 產生對應該電壓頻率訊號VVF 之頻率的驅動訊號;該步驟(G)中係令控制模組根據電流頻率訊號VIF 產生對應電流頻率訊號VIF 之頻率的驅動訊號。Preferably, the step (F) in the system control module generates the voltage command signal V VF frequency of driving signal to be frequency of the voltage-frequency signal V VF; the step (G) in accordance with a current-based control module Order frequency signal The V IF generates a drive signal corresponding to the frequency of the current frequency signal V IF .
較佳地,步驟(G)包含以下子步驟:(G-1)判斷驅動訊號的頻率是否為一最高限制頻率,若是,則執行步驟(G-2),否則執行步驟(G-3);(G-2)令控制模組根據輸出電流Io調整驅動訊號的責任週期;及(G-3)令控制模組根據輸出電流Io調整驅動訊號的頻率。Preferably, the step (G) comprises the following substeps: (G-1) determining whether the frequency of the driving signal is a highest limiting frequency, and if so, performing step (G-2), otherwise performing step (G-3); (G-2) causes the control module to adjust the duty cycle of the drive signal according to the output current Io; and (G-3) causes the control module to adjust the frequency of the drive signal according to the output current Io.
此外,本發明之另一目的,即在提供一種可以使諧振變換器在啟動時增加輸出電壓的線性度之控制模組。Furthermore, it is another object of the present invention to provide a control module that increases the linearity of the output voltage at the start of the resonant converter.
於是,本發明諧振變換器之控制模組,係與一諧振變換器耦接形成一閉迴路,控制模組用以產生一驅動訊號驅動諧振變換器的一功率開關啟閉而使產生一輸出電壓Vo及一輸出電流Io,該控制模組包含:一取樣電路、一電壓減法器、一電流減法器、一電壓調節器、一電流調節器、一比較器、一控制電路及一驅動電路。Therefore, the control module of the resonant converter of the present invention is coupled to a resonant converter to form a closed loop, and the control module is configured to generate a power switch for driving the signal-driven resonant converter to open and close to generate an output voltage. Vo and an output current Io, the control module comprises: a sampling circuit, a voltage subtractor, a current subtractor, a voltage regulator, a current regulator, a comparator, a control circuit and a driving circuit.
取樣電路取樣諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io;電壓減法器將一參考電壓Vref與輸出電壓Vo相減而得一誤差電壓Ver;電流減法器將一參考電流Iref與輸出電流Io相減而得一誤差電流Ier;電壓調節器根據誤差電壓Ver產生一與驅動訊號之頻率有關的電壓頻率訊號VVF ;電流調 節器根據誤差電流Ier產生一與驅動訊號之頻率有關的電流頻率訊號VIF ;比較器用以比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 與電流頻率訊號VIF ;驅動電路用以產生驅動訊號。The sampling circuit samples the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter and the output current Io; the voltage subtractor subtracts a reference voltage Vref from the output voltage Vo to obtain an error voltage Ver; the current subtractor subtracts a reference current Iref from the output current Io And an error current Ier; the voltage regulator generates a voltage frequency signal V VF related to the frequency of the driving signal according to the error voltage Ver; the current regulator generates a current frequency signal V IF related to the frequency of the driving signal according to the error current Ier The comparator is used to compare the voltage frequency signal V VF with the current frequency signal V IF ; the driving circuit is used to generate the driving signal.
當比較器比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 小於電流頻率訊號VIF 時,控制電路控制驅動電路根據輸出電壓Vo產生驅動訊號;當比較器比較該電壓頻率訊號VVF 大於該電流頻率訊號VIF 時,控制電路控制驅動電路根據輸出電流Io產生驅動訊號。When the comparator compares the voltage frequency signal V VF to the current frequency signal V IF , the control circuit controls the driving circuit to generate the driving signal according to the output voltage Vo; when the comparator compares the voltage frequency signal V VF to be greater than the current frequency signal V IF , the control The circuit control drive circuit generates a drive signal based on the output current Io.
此外,本發明之另一目的,即在提供一種可以在發生過載或是輸出短路時精確地限制電流的諧振變換裝置。Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a resonance converting device which can accurately limit current when an overload occurs or an output short circuit occurs.
於是,本發明諧振變換裝置,包含:一諧振變換器及一控制電路。諧振變換器具有一功率開關,控制電路用以產生一驅動訊號驅動該功率開關啟閉以產生一輸出電壓Vo及一輸出電流Io,其中包括一取樣電路、一電壓減法器、一電流減法器、一電壓調節器、一電流調節器、一比較器、一控制電路及一驅動電路。Thus, the resonant converter of the present invention comprises: a resonant converter and a control circuit. The resonant converter has a power switch, and the control circuit is configured to generate a driving signal to drive the power switch to open and close to generate an output voltage Vo and an output current Io, including a sampling circuit, a voltage subtractor, a current subtractor, and a A voltage regulator, a current regulator, a comparator, a control circuit and a drive circuit.
取樣電路取樣諧振變換器的輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io;電壓減法器將一參考電壓Vref與輸出電壓Vo相減而得一誤差電壓Ver;電流減法器將一參考電流Iref與輸出電流Io相減而得一誤差電流Ier;電壓調節器根據誤差電壓Ver產生一與驅動訊號之頻率有關的電壓頻率訊號VVF ;電流調節器根據誤差電流Ier產生一與驅動訊號之頻率有關的電流頻率訊號VIF ;比較器用以比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 與電流頻率訊號VIF ;驅動電路用以產生驅動訊號。The sampling circuit samples the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter and the output current Io; the voltage subtractor subtracts a reference voltage Vref from the output voltage Vo to obtain an error voltage Ver; the current subtractor subtracts a reference current Iref from the output current Io And an error current Ier; the voltage regulator generates a voltage frequency signal V VF related to the frequency of the driving signal according to the error voltage Ver; the current regulator generates a current frequency signal V IF related to the frequency of the driving signal according to the error current Ier The comparator is used to compare the voltage frequency signal V VF with the current frequency signal V IF ; the driving circuit is used to generate the driving signal.
當比較器比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 小於電流頻率訊號VIF 時,控制電路控制驅動電路根據輸出電壓Vo產生驅動訊號;當比較器比較該電壓頻率訊號VVF 大於該電流頻率訊號VIF 時,控制電路控制驅動電路根據輸出電流Io產生驅動訊號。When the comparator compares the voltage frequency signal V VF to the current frequency signal V IF , the control circuit controls the driving circuit to generate the driving signal according to the output voltage Vo; when the comparator compares the voltage frequency signal V VF to be greater than the current frequency signal V IF , the control The circuit control drive circuit generates a drive signal based on the output current Io.
本發明之功效在於,諧振變換器在啟動時能有更好的輸出電壓線性度,且當發生過載或是輸出短路時,其輸出電流可維持在一定值。The effect of the invention is that the resonant converter can have better output voltage linearity at startup, and its output current can be maintained at a certain value when an overload or an output short circuit occurs.
有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效,在以下配合參考圖式之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中,將可清楚的呈現。The above and other technical contents, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
參閱圖3、圖4及圖5,圖4為本發明諧振變換器之控制方法的較佳實施例,該控制方法係應用於一諧振變換裝置100,該諧振變換裝置100包含一諧振變換器1及一與諧振變換器1相互耦接成一閉迴路(close loop)的控制模組2。在本實施例中,諧振變換裝置100可應用於提供伺服器、工作站、通訊裝置、臺式機、遊戲機、平板電視等電源,且諧振變換器1為半橋式LLC諧振變換器,但不以此為限,諧振變換器1包括有一第一功率開關Q1及一第二功率開關Q2,控制模組2則用以產生一第一驅動訊號HVG及一第二驅動訊號LVG,以分別驅動第一功率開關Q1及第二功率開關Q2的啟閉,使得諧振變換器1在一啟動模式時可有更佳的輸出電壓Vo之線性度,以及當負載RL 過電流或 是諧振變換器1的輸出短路時,可限制諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io。Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, FIG. 4 is a preferred embodiment of a method for controlling a resonant converter according to the present invention. The control method is applied to a resonant converter device 100, and the resonant converter device 100 includes a resonant converter 1 And a control module 2 coupled to the resonant converter 1 to form a closed loop. In this embodiment, the resonance conversion device 100 can be applied to provide power supplies such as a server, a workstation, a communication device, a desktop computer, a game machine, a flat panel television, etc., and the resonant converter 1 is a half bridge LLC resonant converter, but not The resonant converter 1 includes a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2. The control module 2 is configured to generate a first driving signal HVG and a second driving signal LVG to respectively drive the first The opening and closing of a power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 enables the resonant converter 1 to have a better linearity of the output voltage Vo in a startup mode, and when the load R L is overcurrent or the resonant converter 1 When the output is short-circuited, the output current Io of the resonant converter 1 can be limited.
控制模組2包含一取樣電路3、一電壓減法器41、一電流減法器42、一電壓調節器51、一電流調節器52、一比較器6、一控制電路7及一驅動電路8。在本實施例中,電壓調節器51及電流調節器52皆為比例積分(Proportional Integral,PI)控制器,驅動電路8可為脈寬調變模組(PWM)及壓控震盪器(VCO)其中之一,但皆不以本實施例為限。The control module 2 includes a sampling circuit 3, a voltage subtractor 41, a current subtractor 42, a voltage regulator 51, a current regulator 52, a comparator 6, a control circuit 7, and a driving circuit 8. In this embodiment, the voltage regulator 51 and the current regulator 52 are both Proportional Integral (PI) controllers, and the drive circuit 8 can be a PWM module and a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). One of them is not limited to this embodiment.
以下將詳細說明控制模組2係如何產生第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG,以分別驅動第一功率開關Q1及第二功率開關Q2的啟閉而調整諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io。值得一提的是,第一驅動訊號HVG與第二驅動訊號LVG為互補訊號,因此,以下將僅以第一驅動訊號HVG來說明。The following describes in detail how the control module 2 generates the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG to drive the opening and closing of the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 to adjust the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 respectively. And output current Io. It is worth mentioning that the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG are complementary signals, and therefore, only the first driving signal HVG will be described below.
配合參閱圖6(a),假設諧振變換器1一開始係處於啟動模式,此處所述的啟動模式係指諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo從零上升到一工作電壓的這段時間,即t0~t2期間。值得一提的是,諧振變換器1處於啟動模式時,係假設其所耦接的負載RL 維持一定值。在本實施例中,負載RL 係為一可操作於一定電流模式的測試裝置,但不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 6(a), it is assumed that the resonant converter 1 is initially in the startup mode, and the startup mode described herein refers to the period during which the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 rises from zero to an operating voltage, that is, During t0~t2. It is worth mentioning that when the resonant converter 1 is in the startup mode, it is assumed that the load R L to which it is coupled maintains a certain value. In this embodiment, the load R L is a test device that can operate in a certain current mode, but is not limited thereto.
因此,如圖3之步驟11,控制電路7根據一觸發訊號而產生一初始電壓訊號,該初始電壓訊號具有預先設定的一初始責任週期(duty cycle)及一初始頻率。Therefore, as shown in step 11 of FIG. 3, the control circuit 7 generates an initial voltage signal according to a trigger signal, the initial voltage signal having a preset duty cycle and an initial frequency.
步驟12,驅動電路8根據該初始電壓訊號產生一具有 初始責任週期及初始頻率的第一驅動訊號HVG。在本實施例中,第一驅動訊號HVG的初始責任週期為0%,相對地,第二驅動訊號LVG的初始責任週期為100%,而初始頻率則是設定為第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG所能容許的一最高限制頻率Fmax。Step 12, the driving circuit 8 generates one according to the initial voltage signal The initial duty cycle and the first drive signal HVG of the initial frequency. In this embodiment, the initial duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG is 0%. In contrast, the initial duty cycle of the second driving signal LVG is 100%, and the initial frequency is set to the first driving signal HVG and the second. A maximum limit frequency Fmax that the drive signal LVG can tolerate.
步驟13,控制電路7根據諧振變換器1的一輸出電壓Vo調整驅動電路8所產生的第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期。如圖6所示,為了使諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo可以達到工作電壓,本實施例之控制電路7係控制第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期從0%(初始責任週期)逐漸上升至50%,使得諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo可以穩定的上升。特別注意的是,在調整第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期的期間,控制電路7係將第一驅動訊號HVG的頻率保持在最高限制頻率Fmax,如圖6(c)所示。且諧振變換器1在啟動時,其後端設備會為恆流模式,因此諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io會保持一定值,如圖6(b)所示。In step 13, the control circuit 7 adjusts the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG generated by the driving circuit 8 according to an output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1. As shown in FIG. 6, in order to make the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 reach the operating voltage, the control circuit 7 of the embodiment controls the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG to gradually increase from 0% (initial duty cycle) to 50. %, so that the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 can rise steadily. It is particularly noted that during the duty cycle of adjusting the first driving signal HVG, the control circuit 7 maintains the frequency of the first driving signal HVG at the highest limiting frequency Fmax as shown in FIG. 6(c). When the resonant converter 1 is started, its back-end device will be in a constant current mode, so the output current Io of the resonant converter 1 will maintain a certain value, as shown in Fig. 6(b).
步驟14,控制電路7偵測第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期是否在諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo未達工作電壓時已達50%,若是,則執行步驟15,控制電路7根據輸出電壓Vo調整第一驅動訊號HVG的頻率,以控制諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo達到工作電壓,否則重複執行步驟13。In step 14, the control circuit 7 detects whether the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG has reached 50% when the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 has not reached the operating voltage. If yes, step 15 is performed, and the control circuit 7 is based on the output voltage Vo. The frequency of the first driving signal HVG is adjusted to control the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 to reach the operating voltage, otherwise step 13 is repeated.
換言之,當第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期已上升至50%,但諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo並未達工作電壓時,即圖5之時間t1,由於第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期已無 法再上升,因此,控制電路7係改以降低第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率,以維持輸出電流Io並換來更高的輸出電壓Vo,使得輸出電壓Vo可達到工作電壓。同樣需要注意的是,在調整第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG之頻率的期間,控制電路7係將第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期係保持在50%。In other words, when the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG has risen to 50%, but the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 does not reach the operating voltage, that is, the time t1 of FIG. 5, since the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG has been no The method is further increased. Therefore, the control circuit 7 is modified to reduce the frequency of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG to maintain the output current Io and exchange for a higher output voltage Vo, so that the output voltage Vo can reach the operating voltage. . It should also be noted that during the adjustment of the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG, the control circuit 7 maintains the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG at 50%.
上述步驟11~步驟15係為諧振變換器1在啟動模式下的控制,且在諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo達到工作電壓後,諧振變換器1會進入一工作模式。The above steps 11 to 15 are the control of the resonant converter 1 in the startup mode, and after the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 reaches the operating voltage, the resonant converter 1 enters an operational mode.
因此,步驟20,控制模組2判斷諧振變換器1所耦接的負載RL 是否介於一工作負載範圍,若是,則控制電路7控制驅動電路8根據諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo產生第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG,如步驟25。配合參閱圖7,其中橫軸皆為諧振變換器1所耦接的負載RL 與一額定負載的比值,在本實施例中,負載RL 的工作負載範圍係為大於零(短路)且小於120%的額定負載,也就是說當諧振變換器1所耦接的負載RL 介於該工作負載範圍中,則諧振變換器1係處於工作模式。此外,本實施例之判斷負載RL 是否介於工作負載範圍的方式,係以步驟21~步驟24為例說明,但不以此為限。Therefore, in step 20, the control module 2 determines whether the load R L coupled to the resonant converter 1 is within a working load range, and if so, the control circuit 7 controls the driving circuit 8 to generate the first according to the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 A driving signal HVG and a second driving signal LVG are as shown in step 25. Referring to FIG. 7 , the horizontal axis is the ratio of the load R L coupled to the resonant converter 1 and a rated load. In this embodiment, the working range of the load R L is greater than zero (short circuit) and less than 120% of the rated load, that is, when the load R L to which the resonant converter 1 is coupled is in the range of the working load, the resonant converter 1 is in the operating mode. In addition, in the embodiment, the method of determining whether the load R L is in the working load range is described by taking the steps 21 to 24 as an example, but is not limited thereto.
步驟21,取樣電路3取樣諧振變換器1的輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io,並將兩者分別傳送至電壓減法器41及電流減法器42。In step 21, the sampling circuit 3 samples the output voltage Vo of the resonant converter 1 and the output current Io, and transmits the two to the voltage subtractor 41 and the current subtractor 42, respectively.
步驟22,電壓減法器41將一參考電壓Vref與輸出電 壓Vo相減而得一誤差電壓Ver,電流減法器42則將一參考電流Iref與輸出電流Io相減而得一誤差電流Ier。在本實施例中,參考電流Iref係設定為諧振變換器1所能容許輸出的一最大輸出電流Imax。Step 22, the voltage subtractor 41 sets a reference voltage Vref and the output power The voltage Vo is subtracted to obtain an error voltage Ver, and the current subtractor 42 subtracts a reference current Iref from the output current Io to obtain an error current Ier. In the present embodiment, the reference current Iref is set to a maximum output current Imax that the resonant converter 1 can tolerate.
步驟23,電壓調節器51將誤差電壓Ver經過一定程度的比例放大及積分後,產生一與第一驅動訊號HVG之頻率有關的電壓頻率訊號VVF ,而電流調節器52將誤差電流Ier經過一定程度的比例放大及積分後,產生一與第一驅動訊號HVG之頻率有關的電流頻率訊號VIF 。In step 23, the voltage regulator 51 amplifies and integrates the error voltage Ver by a certain degree to generate a voltage frequency signal V VF related to the frequency of the first driving signal HVG, and the current regulator 52 passes the error current Ier through a certain period. After the proportional amplification and integration, a current frequency signal V IF related to the frequency of the first driving signal HVG is generated.
在本實施例中,在諧振變換器1於工作模式下,其輸出電流Io會低於參考電流Iref(最大輸出電流Imax),且輸出電流Io與參考電流Iref之間的「變化量」會大於輸出電壓Vo與參考電壓Vref之間的「變化量」,使得電流調節器52所產生的電流頻率訊號VIF 會大於電壓調節器51所產生的電壓頻率訊號VVF 。In this embodiment, when the resonant converter 1 is in the operating mode, its output current Io is lower than the reference current Iref (maximum output current Imax), and the "change amount" between the output current Io and the reference current Iref is greater than The "change amount" between the output voltage Vo and the reference voltage Vref causes the current frequency signal V IF generated by the current regulator 52 to be greater than the voltage frequency signal V VF generated by the voltage regulator 51.
因此,步驟24,比較器6比較電壓頻率訊號VVF 與電流頻率訊號VIF 的大小,且若電壓頻率訊號VVF 小於或等於電流頻率訊號VIF ,則表示諧振變換器1係處於工作模式,故執行步驟25,控制電路7控制驅動電路8根據電壓頻率訊號VVF 產生第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG,並且控制模組2會重複執行步驟20。Therefore, in step 24, the comparator 6 compares the magnitudes of the voltage frequency signal V VF and the current frequency signal V IF , and if the voltage frequency signal V VF is less than or equal to the current frequency signal V IF , it indicates that the resonant converter 1 is in the operating mode. Therefore, the control circuit 7 controls the driving circuit 8 to generate the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG according to the voltage frequency signal V VF , and the control module 2 repeats step 20 .
然而,在本實施例中,電壓頻率訊號VVF 係與第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率成反比,也就是電壓頻率訊號VVF 越小時,第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號 LVG的頻率將會越高。因此,在諧振變換器1處於工作模式下,當其輸出電壓Vo上升,則參考電壓Vref與輸出電壓Vo相減而得誤差電壓Ver將會降低,對應電壓頻率訊號VVF 也將降低,使得第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率升高,輸出電壓Vo因而下降,如此將可穩定輸出電壓Vo在一定值。However, in this embodiment, the voltage frequency signal V VF is inversely proportional to the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG, that is, the smaller the voltage frequency signal V VF is , the first driving signal HVG and the second driving The frequency of the signal LVG will be higher. Therefore, when the resonant converter 1 is in the operating mode, when the output voltage Vo rises, the reference voltage Vref is subtracted from the output voltage Vo, and the error voltage Ver is lowered, and the corresponding voltage frequency signal V VF is also lowered, so that the first When the frequency of a driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG is increased, the output voltage Vo is thus lowered, so that the output voltage Vo can be stabilized at a certain value.
參閱圖7,隨著諧振變換裝置100不同的應用,當諧振變換器1所耦接的負載RL 超過120%的額定負載,或是諧振變換器1的輸出短路(負載RL 為零),使得負載RL 超過工作負載範圍時,則諧振變換器1會進入一過電流模式。Referring to FIG. 7, with the different applications of the resonant converter device 100, when the load R L coupled to the resonant converter 1 exceeds a rated load of 120%, or the output of the resonant converter 1 is short-circuited (the load R L is zero), When the load R L exceeds the workload range, the resonant converter 1 enters an overcurrent mode.
以負載RL 超過120%的額定負載為例,諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io會開始上升而達到最大輸出電流Imax,使得其與參考電流Iref相減而得誤差電流Ier將會縮小(步驟22),電流調節器52所產生的電流頻率訊號VIF 亦會小於電壓調節器51所產生的電壓頻率訊號VVF (步驟23)。此時,比較器6會比較出電壓頻率訊號VVF 大於電流頻率訊號VIF (步驟24),則執行步驟26,控制電路7控制驅動電路8根據諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io產生第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG。Taking the rated load of the load R L exceeding 120% as an example, the output current Io of the resonant converter 1 starts to rise to reach the maximum output current Imax, so that the error current Ier is reduced by subtracting from the reference current Iref (step 22) The current frequency signal V IF generated by the current regulator 52 is also smaller than the voltage frequency signal V VF generated by the voltage regulator 51 (step 23). At this time, the comparator 6 compares the voltage frequency signal V VF to the current frequency signal V IF (step 24), and then performs step 26, the control circuit 7 controls the driving circuit 8 to generate the first driving according to the output current Io of the resonant converter 1. Signal HVG and second drive signal LVG.
為了防止諧振變換器1在過電流模式下,會輸出過大的電流,造成後端用電設備(圖未示)的損壞,因此,當輸出電流Io過大時,會產生過小的電流頻率訊號VIF ,而在本實施例中,電流頻率訊號VIF 同樣係與第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率成反比,故頻率提高的第一驅動 訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG將會控制諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io降低,使得輸出電流Io限制在最大輸出電流Imax,如圖6(a)及(c)所示。In order to prevent the resonant converter 1 from outputting excessive current in the overcurrent mode, the back-end electrical equipment (not shown) is damaged. Therefore, when the output current Io is too large, a too small current frequency signal V IF is generated. In this embodiment, the current frequency signal V IF is also inversely proportional to the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG, so the frequency-increasing first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG will be controlled. The output current Io of the resonant converter 1 is lowered so that the output current Io is limited to the maximum output current Imax as shown in Figs. 6(a) and (c).
步驟26包含子步驟:步驟261,控制電路7判斷第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率是否為最高限制頻率Fmax,若是,則執行步驟262,控制電路7根據電流頻率訊號VIF 將第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率固定在最高限制頻率Fmax,並且調整第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的責任週期;否則執行步驟263,控制電路7根據電流頻率訊號VIF 調整第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率。Step 26 includes sub-steps: Step 261, the control circuit 7 determines whether the frequency of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG is the highest limiting frequency Fmax, and if so, executing step 262, the control circuit 7 will according to the current frequency signal V IF The frequency of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG is fixed at the highest limiting frequency Fmax, and the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG is adjusted; otherwise, step 263 is performed, and the control circuit 7 is based on the current frequency signal V. The IF adjusts the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG.
在本實施例之設計中,當諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io上升至最大輸出電流Imax,且參考電流Iref亦設定為最大輸出電流Imax,因此,電流減法器42所產生的誤差電流Ier會為零(或接近零),電流調節器52對應產生的電流頻率訊號VIF 會使得第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率達到最高限制頻率Fmax,也就是說,當輸出電流Io上升至最大輸出電流Imax時,驅動電路8所產生的第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率會為最高限制頻率Fmax。In the design of this embodiment, when the output current Io of the resonant converter 1 rises to the maximum output current Imax, and the reference current Iref is also set to the maximum output current Imax, the error current Ier generated by the current subtractor 42 will be Zero (or close to zero), the current frequency signal V IF generated by the current regulator 52 causes the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG to reach the highest limiting frequency Fmax, that is, when the output current Io rises to When the maximum output current Imax, the frequency of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG generated by the driving circuit 8 will be the highest limiting frequency Fmax.
因此,當第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率已達最高限制頻率Fmax,則表示其頻率已無法再上升,控制電路7會降低第一驅動訊號HVG的責任週期(第二驅動 訊號LVG的責任週期則增加),以控制將諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io限制在最大輸出電流Imax。相反地,若第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率並未達最高限制頻率Fmax,則控制電路7會隨著輸出電流Io的增加而增加第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率,如步驟263,以達到穩定輸出電流Io之目的。Therefore, when the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG have reached the maximum limiting frequency Fmax, it indicates that the frequency can no longer rise, and the control circuit 7 reduces the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG (second driving) The duty cycle of the signal LVG is increased to control the output current Io of the resonant converter 1 to be limited to the maximum output current Imax. Conversely, if the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG do not reach the maximum limiting frequency Fmax, the control circuit 7 increases the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG as the output current Io increases. The frequency, as in step 263, is to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the output current Io.
此外,諧振變換器1的控制方法亦可以軟體實現並燒錄於控制模組2中,使得控制模組2可執行如上述步驟20~步驟26,以達到諧振變換器1之輸出電壓Vo及輸出電流Io的控制。In addition, the control method of the resonant converter 1 can also be implemented in the software and programmed in the control module 2, so that the control module 2 can perform the above steps 20 to 26 to achieve the output voltage Vo and output of the resonant converter 1. Control of current Io.
綜上所述,本發明諧振變換器1之控制方法,藉由諧振變換器1所耦接的負載RL,判斷諧振變換器1處於何種模式,亦針對不同模式進行對應的控制,當諧振變換器1於啟動模式,控制模組2係先控制第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的責任週期,若其責任週期達50%,則改以控制第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率,以增加諧振變換器1啟動時輸出電壓Vo的線性度。此外,當諧振變換器1於過電流模式,控制模組2則係先提高第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的頻率,若其頻率達最高限制頻率Fmax,則改以控制第一驅動訊號HVG及第二驅動訊號LVG的責任週期,如此可將諧振變換器1的輸出電流Io限制在一定值。In summary, the control method of the resonant converter 1 of the present invention determines the mode of the resonant converter 1 by the load RL coupled to the resonant converter 1, and performs corresponding control for different modes. In the startup mode, the control module 2 controls the duty cycle of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG first, and if the duty cycle reaches 50%, the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal are controlled. The frequency of the LVG to increase the linearity of the output voltage Vo at the start of the resonant converter 1. In addition, when the resonant converter 1 is in the overcurrent mode, the control module 2 first increases the frequencies of the first driving signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG, and if the frequency reaches the highest limiting frequency Fmax, the first driving is controlled. The duty cycle of the signal HVG and the second driving signal LVG can limit the output current Io of the resonant converter 1 to a certain value.
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利 範圍及發明說明內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereto, that is, the patent application according to the present invention The scope of the invention and the equivalent equivalents and modifications of the invention are still within the scope of the invention.
11~15‧‧‧步驟11~15‧‧‧Steps
20~26‧‧‧步驟20~26‧‧‧Steps
261~263‧‧‧步驟261~263‧‧‧Steps
100‧‧‧諧振變換裝置100‧‧‧Resonance converter
1‧‧‧諧振變換器1‧‧‧Resonant converter
2‧‧‧控制模組2‧‧‧Control Module
3‧‧‧取樣電路3‧‧‧Sampling circuit
41‧‧‧電壓減法器41‧‧‧Voltage subtractor
42‧‧‧電流減法器42‧‧‧ current subtractor
51‧‧‧電壓調節器51‧‧‧Voltage regulator
52‧‧‧電流調節器52‧‧‧ Current Regulator
6‧‧‧比較器6‧‧‧ comparator
7‧‧‧控制電路7‧‧‧Control circuit
8‧‧‧驅動電路8‧‧‧Drive circuit
圖1是一電路圖,說明習知半橋LLC諧振變換器的基本拓撲;圖2是一電路圖,說明習知採用限流電路的LLC諧振變換器拓撲;圖3及圖4分別是一流程圖,說明本發明諧振變換器的控制方法之較佳實施例;圖5是一電路方塊圖,說明本實施例之諧振變換裝置;圖6是一波形圖,說明(a)諧振變換器的輸出電壓與時間之變化關係;(b)諧振變換器的輸出電流與時間之變化關係;(c)諧振變換器中第一功率開關及第二功率開關的切換頻率與時間之變化關係;及圖7是一波形圖,說明(a)諧振變換器的輸出電流與負載之變化關係;(b)諧振變換器的輸出電壓與負載之變化關係;(c)諧振變換器中第一功率開關及第二功率開關的切換頻率與負載之變化關係。1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a basic topology of a conventional half-bridge LLC resonant converter; FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a conventional LLC resonant converter topology using a current limiting circuit; FIGS. 3 and 4 are a flow chart, respectively. A preferred embodiment of the control method of the resonant converter of the present invention is shown; FIG. 5 is a circuit block diagram illustrating the resonant converter of the present embodiment; and FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram illustrating (a) the output voltage of the resonant converter and (b) the relationship between the output current of the resonant converter and the time; (c) the relationship between the switching frequency of the first power switch and the second power switch in the resonant converter and time; and FIG. 7 is a Waveform diagram illustrating (a) the relationship between the output current of the resonant converter and the load; (b) the relationship between the output voltage of the resonant converter and the load; (c) the first power switch and the second power switch in the resonant converter The switching frequency is related to the load.
20~26...步驟20~26. . . step
261~263...步驟261~263. . . step
Claims (19)
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| TW99129468A TWI411204B (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2010-09-01 | Resonance conversion device and control module of a resonance converter and method thereof |
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| TW99129468A TWI411204B (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2010-09-01 | Resonance conversion device and control module of a resonance converter and method thereof |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6912137B2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2005-06-28 | Friwo Geraetebau Gmbh | Inductive contactless power transmitter |
| US20090079408A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-26 | Nexem, Inc. | Voltage mode pwmff-pfm/skip combo controller |
| TW200934080A (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-01 | Lite On Technology Corp | Controller for use in resonant direct current/direct current converter |
| TW200939608A (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-16 | Lite On Technology Corp | Control device for a resonant DC/DC converter |
-
2010
- 2010-09-01 TW TW99129468A patent/TWI411204B/en active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6912137B2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2005-06-28 | Friwo Geraetebau Gmbh | Inductive contactless power transmitter |
| US20090079408A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-26 | Nexem, Inc. | Voltage mode pwmff-pfm/skip combo controller |
| TW200934080A (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-01 | Lite On Technology Corp | Controller for use in resonant direct current/direct current converter |
| TW200939608A (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-16 | Lite On Technology Corp | Control device for a resonant DC/DC converter |
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