TWI484506B - Anti-burst resistor and method of manufacturing thereof - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 70
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明係關於一種電阻,特別是一種具有防止在瞬間高電流負載,電阻體過熱時產生爆裂或熔毀之防爆電阻。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a resistor, and more particularly to an explosion-proof resistor that prevents bursting or melting when a high-current load is instantaneous and the resistor is overheated.
電阻為電子裝置或電路板上常見的基本應用元件之一,主要用來調節或分配電路上之電流或電壓。電流通過電阻時,會因為阻抗轉化為熱能。雖然電阻可依設計需求或材料不同發展出各種不同類型的電阻(例如穿孔式或表面黏著式),但一般電阻可承受之電流或電壓均有其極限值,倘若所提供至電阻的電流或電壓超過了此極限值,將使得電阻所產生之功率上升並伴隨著產生大量熱能,很容易就造成電阻過熱而損壞,甚至燒毀電路板或電子裝置。例如,於開閉電子裝置電源或雷擊時對電阻所產生之突波(surge)影響,或使電阻處於連續負載之狀況,都可能使得電阻因過熱而損壞。為了改善此類狀況,許多業者針對電路板用之小體積電阻結構加以改良。A resistor is one of the basic application components commonly found on electronic devices or circuit boards. It is mainly used to regulate or distribute the current or voltage on the circuit. When a current passes through a resistor, it is converted into heat because of the impedance. Although the resistor can develop various types of resistors (such as perforated or surface-adhesive) depending on the design requirements or materials, the current or voltage that the resistor can withstand has its limit value, provided that the current or voltage is supplied to the resistor. Exceeding this limit will increase the power generated by the resistor and accompany a large amount of thermal energy, which can easily cause the resistor to overheat and damage, even burning the board or electronic device. For example, the influence of a surge generated by a resistor on a power supply or a lightning strike of an electronic device, or a situation in which the resistor is in a continuous load, may cause the resistor to be damaged by overheating. In order to improve such conditions, many manufacturers have improved the small-volume resistor structure for circuit boards.
以繞線電阻為例,利用電阻過熱時會熔斷繞線之設計,使得電流無法繼續通過以降低其可能造成之風險,但常見繞線電阻僅在表面上塗覆一層絕緣保護層固化在其表面,以隔絕外界對電阻之影響,此保護層只提供些微之防護效果,一旦通過元件之電流過大,電阻可能因過熱瞬間 燒毀或爆裂,將造成電路板短路或損害或因而造成火災。Taking the wire-wound resistor as an example, the design of the winding will be blown when the resistor is overheated, so that the current cannot continue to pass to reduce the possible risk, but the common wire-wound resistor is only coated on the surface with an insulating protective layer on the surface. In order to isolate the influence of the external resistance, this protective layer only provides some slight protection effect. Once the current through the component is too large, the resistance may be due to overheating. Burning or bursting will cause a short circuit or damage to the board or a fire.
此外有業者設計出薄膜型式的電阻以取代繞線,雖然此類電阻於電流過大時不必擔心爆裂之問題,但因薄膜本身之材料限制,使得此類電阻所提供之阻值最高僅達1歐姆,無法提供更大的電阻值;且於流過電阻之負載電流過大時,其保護機制並無法將通過電阻的電流完全截斷,因此在長時間電流通過下將使得電阻過熱而有熔毀的可能,更甚者將會引發局部火災。In addition, some manufacturers have designed thin film type resistors instead of windings. Although such resistors do not have to worry about bursting when the current is too large, due to the material limitations of the film itself, the resistance of such resistors is up to 1 ohm. The larger resistance value cannot be provided; and when the load current flowing through the resistor is too large, the protection mechanism cannot completely cut off the current through the resistor, so the long-term current will cause the resistor to overheat and melt down. Even worse, it will cause a local fire.
因此,為了解決上述的習知問題,而產生出本發明之構想。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the concept of the present invention has been produced.
本發明之主要目的係在提供一種具有防止電阻過熱時產生爆裂或熔毀之防爆電阻。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A primary object of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof resistor having a burst or meltdown that prevents the resistor from overheating.
為達成上述之目的,本發明之防爆電阻,包括一本體、二金屬導線、一金屬繞線及一防護套管。本體包括一桿體及二端蓋,桿體之兩端係與各端蓋相連接;各金屬導線之一端係分別與各端蓋電性連接;金屬繞線係纏繞於桿體,且金屬繞線之兩端分別與各端蓋電性連接;本體係密封於防護套管中。當一過負載電流通過防爆電阻,並超過一臨界值時,金屬繞線會被熔斷以阻斷負載電流通過,並透過防護套管以提供防護效果。藉此設計以提高本發明之防爆電阻的使用安全性。In order to achieve the above object, the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention comprises a body, a two-metal wire, a metal wire and a protective sleeve. The body comprises a rod body and a two-end cover, the two ends of the rod body are connected with the end caps; one end of each metal wire is electrically connected to each end cap; the metal winding wire is wound around the rod body, and the metal winding The two ends of the wire are electrically connected to the end caps respectively; the system is sealed in the protective sleeve. When an overload current passes through the explosion-proof resistor and exceeds a critical value, the metal winding is blown to block the load current from passing through and through the protective sleeve to provide protection. Thereby designed to improve the safety of use of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention.
本發明之防爆電阻之製造方法係應用於前述之防爆電阻,此方法包括下列步驟:提供一桿體及二端蓋,將桿體之兩端分別連接各端蓋以形成一本體;提供二金屬導線,將各金屬導線之一端分別電性連接各端蓋;提供一金屬繞線,將金屬繞線纏繞於桿體,並將金屬繞線之兩端分別與各端蓋電性連接;提供一防護套管,將本體崁入防護套管內,兩端以不燃性樹脂封裝完成。The manufacturing method of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention is applied to the above-mentioned explosion-proof resistor, and the method comprises the following steps: providing a rod body and a two-end cover, respectively connecting the two ends of the rod body to the end covers to form a body; providing two metals a wire, one end of each metal wire is electrically connected to each end cover; a metal wire is wound, a metal wire is wound around the rod body, and two ends of the metal wire are respectively electrically connected to the end caps; The protective sleeve is inserted into the protective sleeve and the two ends are sealed with a non-combustible resin.
為能讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉出本發明之具體實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下。The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description of the appended claims.
請先參考圖1係本發明之防爆電阻之立體圖。如圖1所示,本發明之防爆電阻1包括一本體10、二金屬導線20、一金屬繞線30及一防護套管40。本體10可採用一陶瓷材料製成。本體10包括一桿體12及二端蓋14,桿體12之兩端係與各端蓋14相連接。各導線20之一端係分別與各端蓋14電性連接。金屬繞線30係纏繞於桿體12,且金屬繞線30之兩端分別與各端蓋14電性連接。本體10係密封於防護套管40中。各端蓋14可做為一電極,並藉由金屬導線20、端蓋14及金屬繞線30彼此電性連接以形成通過防爆電阻1之負載電流通路。Please refer to FIG. 1 firstly for a perspective view of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention comprises a body 10, two metal wires 20, a metal winding 30 and a protective sleeve 40. The body 10 can be made of a ceramic material. The body 10 includes a rod body 12 and two end caps 14, and the ends of the rod body 12 are connected to the end caps 14. One end of each of the wires 20 is electrically connected to each of the end caps 14 respectively. The metal winding 30 is wound around the rod 12, and the two ends of the metal winding 30 are electrically connected to the end covers 14, respectively. The body 10 is sealed in the protective sleeve 40. Each of the end caps 14 can serve as an electrode and is electrically connected to each other by the metal wires 20, the end caps 14, and the metal wires 30 to form a load current path through the explosion-proof resistor 1.
當一負載電流從二金屬導線其中之一流入防爆電阻1,並在通過防爆電阻1超過一臨界值時,金屬繞線30會被熔斷以阻斷電流通過,並透過防護套管40以提供防護效 果。藉此設計,可提高本發明之防爆電阻1於使用上之安全性,倘若發生過大電流通過防爆電阻1之情況,金屬繞線30會被熔斷並可利用防護套管40提供防爆隔絕效果,而不會對電路板或其他電子元件造成損害;同時此種設計可適用於小體積之電阻,以節省使用空間並有利於設置在電路板上。防護套管40係以陶瓷材料製成,應用其耐高溫之特性以提供防爆電阻1過熱爆裂時之防護效果,但防護套管40亦可使用其他耐熱材料所取代,本發明並不以此為限。When a load current flows from one of the two metal wires into the explosion-proof resistor 1 and exceeds a critical value through the explosion-proof resistor 1, the metal winding 30 is blown to block the passage of current and pass through the protective sleeve 40 to provide protection. effect fruit. With this design, the safety of the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention can be improved. If an excessive current flows through the explosion-proof resistor 1, the metal winding 30 can be blown and the protective sleeve 40 can be used to provide an explosion-proof insulation effect. It does not cause damage to the board or other electronic components; at the same time, this design can be applied to small-sized resistors to save space and facilitate placement on the board. The protective sleeve 40 is made of a ceramic material and is subjected to high temperature resistance to provide a protective effect when the explosion-proof resistor 1 is overheated, but the protective sleeve 40 may be replaced by other heat-resistant materials, and the present invention does not limit.
請參考圖2係本發明之防爆電阻之剖視圖。如圖2所示,本發明之防爆電阻1可應用設置於一電路板100上,藉由金屬導線20使得防爆電阻1與電路板100電性連接。防爆電阻1之本體10係被密封容置於中空之防護套管40內,並藉由一封裝材料50將本體10密封於防護套管40中。在本實施例中,封裝材料可採用一不燃性熱固性材料,使得本發明之防爆電阻1於過熱產生高溫之情況下,透過不燃性熱固性材料之特性以保持防護套管40之密封狀態,提高防爆電阻1使用上之安全性。Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention can be applied to a circuit board 100, and the explosion-proof resistor 1 is electrically connected to the circuit board 100 by the metal wire 20. The body 10 of the explosion-proof resistor 1 is sealed and housed in a hollow protective sleeve 40, and the body 10 is sealed in the protective sleeve 40 by a sealing material 50. In this embodiment, the encapsulating material can adopt a non-combustible thermosetting material, so that the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention can maintain the sealing state of the protective sleeve 40 and improve the explosion-proof condition by the characteristics of the non-combustible thermosetting material under the condition that the superheat generates high temperature. The safety of the resistor 1 is used.
本發明之防爆電阻1所能容許通過之負載電流係與金屬繞線30之參數相關。本發明之防爆電阻1於設計上係可適用於產生交流突波(AC surge)及直流定負載(DC constant load)之環境,透過數學公式之推導,可得到針對交流突波及直流定負載之情況下,流經防爆電阻1之負載電流與金屬繞線30之參數具有以下公式之對應關係:
上述關係式中,I0 為瞬間負載電流,D為金屬繞線30之線徑,ρR 為金屬繞線30之電阻率(阻抗係數),L為金屬繞線30之線長,RT 為元件的系統熱阻,△T為電阻線的熔溶溫度。由此可知,瞬間最大負載電流係與金屬繞線30之線徑成正比,而負載電流係與金屬繞線30之電阻率之平方根或線長之平方根成反比;當金屬繞線30選用不同材質時會有不同之電阻率,即有不同的熔溶溫度,在改變金屬繞線30之長度或線徑,將會對防爆電阻1之阻值產生變動,而影響防爆電阻1所通過之負載電流值。換言之,本發明之防爆電阻1可依據不同電流需求,調整金屬繞線30之長度、材質或線徑,以獲得最佳之電阻效能。In the above relation, I 0 is the instantaneous load current, D is the wire diameter of the metal wire 30, ρ R is the resistivity (impedance coefficient) of the metal wire 30, L is the wire length of the metal wire 30, and R T is The system thermal resistance of the component, ΔT is the melting temperature of the resistance wire. It can be seen that the instantaneous maximum load current is proportional to the wire diameter of the metal winding 30, and the load current is inversely proportional to the square root of the resistivity of the metal wire 30 or the square root of the line length; when the metal wire 30 is made of different materials There will be different resistivities, that is, different melting temperatures. When the length or wire diameter of the metal winding 30 is changed, the resistance value of the explosion-proof resistor 1 will be changed, and the load current passing through the explosion-proof resistor 1 will be affected. value. In other words, the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention can adjust the length, material or wire diameter of the metal winding 30 according to different current demands to obtain the best resistance performance.
請參考圖3係本發明之防爆電阻1之製造方法之流程圖。須注意的是,以下雖以圖1及圖2所示之防爆電阻1說明本發明之防爆電阻之製造方法,但本發明並不以適用於防爆電阻1為限,任何具有類似前述結構之防爆電阻皆可適用本發明之防爆電阻之製造方法。如圖3所示,本發明之防爆電阻之製造方法包括步驟110至140。以下將詳細說明本發明之防爆電阻之製造方法之各個步驟。Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention. It should be noted that although the method for manufacturing the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention is described below with reference to the explosion-proof resistor 1 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present invention is not limited to the application of the explosion-proof resistor 1, and any explosion-proof having a structure similar to the foregoing. The resistor can be applied to the manufacturing method of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the manufacturing method of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention includes steps 110 to 140. The respective steps of the method of manufacturing the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention will be described in detail below.
首先,本發明進行步驟110:提供一桿體及二端蓋,將桿體之兩端分別連接各端蓋以形成一本體。如圖1所示,桿體12與端蓋14間可利用膠合或焊接等方式相結合,以形成本發明之防爆電阻1之本體10。First, the present invention proceeds to step 110: providing a rod body and a two-end cover, and connecting the two ends of the rod body to the end caps respectively to form a body. As shown in FIG. 1, the rod body 12 and the end cover 14 can be combined by gluing or welding to form the body 10 of the explosion-proof resistor 1 of the present invention.
接著,進行步驟120:提供二金屬導線,將各金屬導線 之一端分別電性連接各端蓋。如圖1及圖2所示,將各金屬導線20之一端分別連接於各端蓋14上,使得金屬導線20與端蓋14可保持電性連接。各金屬導線20可藉由焊接方式連接於各端蓋14,而各金屬導線20之另一端可依電路設計結合於電路板100上。Next, proceed to step 120: providing two metal wires, each metal wire One end is electrically connected to each end cover. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, one end of each metal wire 20 is connected to each end cover 14 respectively, so that the metal wire 20 and the end cover 14 can be electrically connected. The metal wires 20 can be connected to the end caps 14 by soldering, and the other ends of the metal wires 20 can be bonded to the circuit board 100 according to the circuit design.
於步驟120後進行步驟130:提供一金屬繞線,將金屬繞線纏繞於桿體,並將金屬繞線之兩端分別與各端蓋電性連接。如圖1所示,將金屬繞線30環狀纏繞於桿體12上,並將金屬繞線30之兩端與各端蓋14連接,使得金屬繞線30與端蓋14可保持電性連接,藉由金屬導線20、端蓋14及金屬繞線30以形成一通過防爆電阻1之負載電流通路。金屬繞線30係為提供防爆電阻1之主要阻值來源,藉由改變金屬繞線30之材質、線徑或線長,可產生不同阻值,因此可依據不同電流需求,以調整防爆電阻1之電阻效能。After step 120, step 130 is performed: a metal winding is provided, a metal winding is wound around the rod body, and two ends of the metal winding are electrically connected to the end covers respectively. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal winding 30 is annularly wound around the rod body 12, and the two ends of the metal winding 30 are connected to the end covers 14, so that the metal winding 30 and the end cover 14 can be electrically connected. The metal wire 20, the end cover 14 and the metal wire 30 are formed to form a load current path through the explosion-proof resistor 1. The metal winding 30 is a main resistance source for providing the explosion-proof resistor 1. By changing the material, the wire diameter or the wire length of the metal winding 30, different resistance values can be generated, so that the explosion-proof resistor can be adjusted according to different current demands. Resistance performance.
最後,本發明進行步驟140:提供一防護套管,將本體密封於防護套管中。如圖1及圖2所示,將經過前述步驟結合後之本體10嵌入中空之防護套管40內,再對防護套管40進行密封動作,使得本體10被密封於防護套管40中,以提升防爆電阻1之防護效果。此步驟可藉由一封裝材料50針對已容置本體10之防護套管40兩端開口處加以密封,以保持防護套管40內部之密閉性,但各金屬導線20係穿過封裝材料50並向外延伸。封裝材料50可為一不燃性熱固性材料。藉此當防爆電阻1過熱而可能出現爆裂的狀況時,可將影響範圍侷限於防護套管40內部,不會對電路板100或電子裝置本身造成損害。Finally, the present invention proceeds to step 140: providing a protective sleeve to seal the body in the protective sleeve. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the body 10 combined by the foregoing steps is embedded in the hollow protective sleeve 40, and then the protective sleeve 40 is sealed, so that the body 10 is sealed in the protective sleeve 40. Improve the protection effect of explosion-proof resistor 1. This step can be sealed by sealing the opening of the protective sleeve 40 of the receiving body 10 by a sealing material 50 to maintain the airtightness inside the protective sleeve 40, but each metal wire 20 passes through the sealing material 50. Extend outward. The encapsulating material 50 can be a non-combustible thermoset material. Thereby, when the explosion-proof resistor 1 is overheated and a burst may occur, the range of influence can be limited to the inside of the protective sleeve 40 without causing damage to the circuit board 100 or the electronic device itself.
綜上所陳,本發明無論就目的、手段及功效,在在均顯示其迥異於習知技術之特徵,為一大突破,懇請 貴審查委員明察,早日賜准專利,俾嘉惠社會,實感德便。惟須注意,上述實施例僅為例示性說明本發明之原理及其功效,而非用於限制本發明之範圍。任何熟於此項技藝之人士均可在不違背本發明之技術原理及精神下,對實施例作修改與變化。本發明之權利保護範圍應如後述之申請專利範圍所述。In summary, the present invention is a breakthrough in terms of its purpose, means and efficacy, and it is different from the characteristics of the prior art. It is a great breakthrough for the reviewer to ask for an early patent, and to benefit the society. Debian. It is to be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention and its advantages, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications and variations of the embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be as described in the scope of the patent application to be described later.
防爆電阻‧‧‧1Explosion-proof resistor ‧‧1
本體‧‧‧10Ontology ‧‧10
桿體‧‧‧12Rod ‧‧12
端蓋‧‧‧14End cap ‧‧14
金屬導線‧‧‧20Metal wire ‧‧20
金屬繞線‧‧‧30Metal winding ‧ ‧ 30
中空套管‧‧‧40Hollow casing ‧‧40
封裝材料‧‧‧50Packaging material ‧ ‧ 50
電路板‧‧‧100Circuit board ‧ ‧ 100
圖1係本發明之防爆電阻之立體圖。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view of an explosion-proof resistor of the present invention.
圖2係本發明之防爆電阻之剖視圖。Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention.
圖3係本發明之防爆電阻之製造方法之流程圖。Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing the explosion-proof resistor of the present invention.
防爆電阻‧‧‧1Explosion-proof resistor ‧‧1
本體‧‧‧10Ontology ‧‧10
桿體‧‧‧12Rod ‧‧12
端蓋‧‧‧14End cap ‧‧14
金屬導線‧‧‧20Metal wire ‧‧20
金屬繞線‧‧‧30Metal winding ‧ ‧ 30
防護套管‧‧‧40Protective casing ‧‧40
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW097115233A TWI484506B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Anti-burst resistor and method of manufacturing thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW097115233A TWI484506B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Anti-burst resistor and method of manufacturing thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200945377A TW200945377A (en) | 2009-11-01 |
| TWI484506B true TWI484506B (en) | 2015-05-11 |
Family
ID=44869727
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW097115233A TWI484506B (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Anti-burst resistor and method of manufacturing thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TW (1) | TWI484506B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101434135B1 (en) | 2014-03-17 | 2014-08-26 | 스마트전자 주식회사 | Fuse resistor |
| CN113130154B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-01-04 | 安徽省昌盛电子有限公司 | Processing method of full-short-circuit lightning-stroke-resistant surge wire-wound resistor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3319210A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | 1967-05-09 | Irc Inc | Electrical resistor |
| JPH02305409A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-12-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Overload fusing type resistor |
| TWM322601U (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2007-11-21 | Ty Ohm Electronic Works Co Ltd | Explosion-proof type resistance |
-
2008
- 2008-04-25 TW TW097115233A patent/TWI484506B/en active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3319210A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | 1967-05-09 | Irc Inc | Electrical resistor |
| JPH02305409A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-12-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Overload fusing type resistor |
| TWM322601U (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2007-11-21 | Ty Ohm Electronic Works Co Ltd | Explosion-proof type resistance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200945377A (en) | 2009-11-01 |
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