TWI469435B - Seawater battery - Google Patents
Seawater battery Download PDFInfo
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- TWI469435B TWI469435B TW102113577A TW102113577A TWI469435B TW I469435 B TWI469435 B TW I469435B TW 102113577 A TW102113577 A TW 102113577A TW 102113577 A TW102113577 A TW 102113577A TW I469435 B TWI469435 B TW I469435B
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- cathode
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- anode
- reaction space
- seawater
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
- H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
本發明為有關一種海水電池，尤指一種陽極包含奈米碳管材料的海水電池。The invention relates to a seawater battery, in particular to a seawater battery comprising an anode carbon nanotube material.
電池的結構隨著時代的進步而不斷的推陳出新，例如常見的乾電池、蓄電池、水銀電池、空氣電池、鎳鎘電池、鎳氫電池、鋰離子電池、太陽能電池、燃料電池、海水電池等，其中海水電池由於使用時才需與海水進行接觸發電，於平常貯存時電極不接觸電解液(海水)，不僅與一般電極需和電解質共同存放的蓄電池相比，其具有較佳的安全性，並且特別適合應用於與海洋相關又需要提供電力的產品。The structure of the battery has been continuously updated with the advancement of the times, such as common dry batteries, batteries, mercury batteries, air batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, seawater batteries, etc. The battery needs to be in contact with seawater to generate electricity when it is used. The electrode does not contact the electrolyte (seawater) during normal storage, and it has better safety and is particularly suitable than the battery in which the general electrode needs to be stored together with the electrolyte. Used in products that are related to the ocean and need to provide electricity.
於中國實用新型專利公告第CN2331087號中，即揭示一種海水電池，該海水電池主要由耐蝕的鋼陰極、海水電解液和多孔賤金屬陽極構成。其中，該多孔賤金屬陽極採用50至80微米的鋅-鋁合金粉和小於60微米的氧化鋁粉按3：1比例充分混合，由粉末冶金技術鑄造。製成的海水電池不但增加了陽極表面面積，而且保持了陽極活性物質參與化學反應的真實表面積。是一種能較穩定供應較大電流的海水電池。In Chinese Utility Model Patent Publication No. CN2331087, a seawater battery is disclosed, which is mainly composed of a corrosion resistant steel cathode, a seawater electrolyte and a porous tantalum metal anode. Wherein, the porous base metal anode is sufficiently mixed in a ratio of 3:1 with a zinc-aluminum alloy powder of 50 to 80 micrometers and an alumina powder of less than 60 micrometers, and is cast by powder metallurgy technology. The prepared seawater battery not only increases the anode surface area, but also maintains the true surface area of the anode active material involved in the chemical reaction. It is a seawater battery that can supply a relatively large current more stably.
然而，上述的多孔賤金屬陽極，在構成的該海水電池中產生約為400mA‧cm-2 的電流密度，與該鋼陰極的有效電位差約為0.2V，而於電流密度方面偏小，故仍有改善的空間。However, the porous tantalum metal anode described above generates a current density of about 400 mA ‧ cm -2 in the seawater battery, and the effective potential difference from the steel cathode is about 0.2 V, and is small in terms of current density. There is room for improvement.
本發明的主要目的，在於解決習知的海水電池，其電流密度 偏低的問題。The main object of the present invention is to solve the conventional seawater battery, the current density thereof Low problem.
為達上述目的，本發明提供一種海水電池，包含有一電解液、一陽極以及一陰極，該陽極包含有複數個奈米碳管及一與該奈米碳管混合的第一材料，該陰極包含有一第二材料，且該陰極與該陽極彼此相隔而分別與該電解液接觸；其中，該第一材料為選自鎂、鋁或鎂鋁合金，該第二材料為選自金屬、金屬氧化物、超導體、石墨、導電高分子所組成的群組，該電解液為一海水，該電解液與該陰極及該陽極分別進行一電化學反應，而於該陰極及該陽極產生一電位差。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a seawater battery comprising an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode, the anode comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes and a first material mixed with the carbon nanotubes, the cathode comprising a second material, wherein the cathode and the anode are separated from each other to be in contact with the electrolyte; wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum or magnesium aluminum alloy, and the second material is selected from the group consisting of metal and metal oxide And a group consisting of superconductors, graphite, and conductive polymers, wherein the electrolyte is a seawater, and the electrolyte reacts with the cathode and the anode, respectively, to generate a potential difference between the cathode and the anode.
本發明亦提供另一種海水電池，包含有一電解液、一陽極以及一陰極，該陽極包含有一第一材料，該陰極包含複數個奈米碳管，且該陰極與該陽極彼此相隔而分別與該電解液接觸；其中，該第一材料為選自金屬、金屬氧化物、超導體、石墨與導電高分子所組成的群組，該奈米碳管具有複數個附著一碳材料的孔隙，該電解液為一海水，該電解液與該陰極及該陽極分別進行一電化學反應，而於該陰極及該陽極產生一電位差。The present invention also provides another seawater battery comprising an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode, the anode comprising a first material, the cathode comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the cathode and the anode are separated from each other and respectively Contacting the electrolyte; wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide, a superconductor, a graphite, and a conductive polymer, the carbon nanotube having a plurality of pores attached to a carbon material, the electrolyte In the case of a seawater, the electrolyte reacts with the cathode and the anode, respectively, to generate a potential difference between the cathode and the anode.
本發明尚提供一種海水電池，包含有一電解液、一陽極以及一陰極，該陽極包含有複數個奈米碳管以及一與該奈米碳管混合的第一材料，該陰極包含有複數個奈米碳管，且該陰極與該陽極彼此相隔而分別與該電解液接觸；其中，該陰極的該奈米碳管具有複數個附著一碳材料的孔隙，該電解液為一海水，該電解液與該陰極及該陽極分別進行一電化學反應，而於該陰極及該陽極產生一電位差。The invention further provides a seawater battery comprising an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode, the anode comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes and a first material mixed with the carbon nanotubes, the cathode comprising a plurality of naphthalenes a carbon nanotube, wherein the cathode and the anode are separated from each other by contact with the electrolyte; wherein the carbon nanotube of the cathode has a plurality of pores attached to a carbon material, the electrolyte is a seawater, the electrolyte An electrochemical reaction is performed with the cathode and the anode, respectively, and a potential difference is generated between the cathode and the anode.
如此一來，本發明藉由於海水電池的電極包含該奈米碳管，利用奈米碳管的高活性與高比表面積，提高因該電位差所形成的一電流之電流密度，有效提升該海水電池的供電效能。In this way, the present invention utilizes the carbon nanotube electrode to contain the carbon nanotube, and utilizes the high activity and high specific surface area of the carbon nanotube to increase the current density of a current formed by the potential difference, thereby effectively improving the seawater battery. Power efficiency.
10‧‧‧電解液10‧‧‧ electrolyte
20‧‧‧陽極20‧‧‧Anode
30‧‧‧陰極30‧‧‧ cathode
40‧‧‧容器40‧‧‧ Container
41‧‧‧反應空間41‧‧‧Reaction space
42‧‧‧輸入口42‧‧‧ input port
43‧‧‧輸出口43‧‧‧Outlet
V‧‧‧電位差V‧‧‧potential difference
圖1，為本發明第一實施例的結構示意圖。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖2，為本發明另一實施例的結構示意圖。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the present invention.
有關本發明的詳細說明及技術內容，現就配合圖式說明如下：The detailed description and technical content of the present invention will now be described as follows:
請參閱『圖1』所示，為本發明第一實施例的結構示意圖，如圖所示：本發明為一種海水電池，在第一實施例中，該海水電池包含有一電解液10、一陽極20以及一陰極30，該電解液10在此為使用一海水，該海水中主要包含有帶正電的鈉離子與帶負電的氯離子，該陽極20為使用一第一材料製成，該第一材料可選用金屬、金屬氧化物、超導體、石墨、導電高分子等導電材質，例如為聚乙炔，聚噻吩類和聚苯胺類等。Please refer to FIG. 1 for a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the present invention is a seawater battery. In the first embodiment, the seawater battery includes an electrolyte 10 and an anode. 20 and a cathode 30, wherein the electrolyte 10 is a seawater containing mainly positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions, and the anode 20 is made of a first material. A material may be selected from conductive materials such as metals, metal oxides, superconductors, graphite, and conductive polymers, such as polyacetylene, polythiophenes, and polyanilines.
該陰極30的材質包含有複數個奈米碳管，本發明中，該陰極30可為一大部分地由該奈米碳管組成的材料，或為一由該奈米碳管與一第二材料結合而成的複合材料。倘該陰極30完全由該奈米碳管組成，該陰極30的製造方式可如下述：先將該奈米碳管與一高分子材料混合，該高分子材料可為酚醛樹脂(Phenolic Resin)、環氧樹脂(Epoxy)、聚丙烯腈(Polyacrylonitrile，簡稱PAN)或呋喃樹脂(Furan Resin)，接著依序進行一熱壓製程以及一碳化製程，該熱壓製程為使該奈米碳管與該高分子材料處於一介於110℃至220℃之間的受熱溫度，以及一介於5Kgf/cm2 至200Kgf/cm2 之間的成形壓力，使該奈米碳管與該高分子材料形成一具剛性立體結構的塊材；該碳化製程為將該奈米碳管與該高分子材料置於一還原氣氛之中，該還原氣氛可為氬氣或氮氣，並加熱至一介於500℃至3,000℃之間的碳化溫度，以去除該高分子材料，於該塊材形成複數個孔隙，而具有一介於5%至50% 之間的孔隙率。此外，藉由該碳化製程的參數控制，可在該塊材進一步產生一附著於該奈米碳管的該孔隙中的碳材料，而可以增加該陰極30的導電與導熱性質。The material of the cathode 30 includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes. In the present invention, the cathode 30 can be a material composed mostly of the carbon nanotubes, or a carbon nanotube and a second A composite material that combines materials. If the cathode 30 is completely composed of the carbon nanotube, the cathode 30 can be manufactured as follows: the carbon nanotube is first mixed with a polymer material, and the polymer material can be a phenolic resin (Phenolic Resin). Epoxy, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or Furan Resin, followed by a hot pressing process and a carbonization process for making the carbon nanotubes a polymer material is interposed between the heating temperature of 110 deg.] C to 220 ℃, between a rigid and a 5Kgf / cm 2 to 200Kgf / molding pressure between 2 cm, so that the carbon nanotubes with the polymer material a three-dimensional structure block; the carbonization process is to place the carbon nanotube and the polymer material in a reducing atmosphere, the reducing atmosphere may be argon or nitrogen, and is heated to a temperature between 500 ° C and 3,000 ° C The carbonization temperature is interposed to remove the polymer material, and a plurality of pores are formed in the block to have a porosity of between 5% and 50%. In addition, by controlling the parameters of the carbonization process, a carbon material attached to the pores of the carbon nanotubes can be further produced in the bulk material, and the conductive and thermal conductive properties of the cathode 30 can be increased.
請繼續參閱『圖1』所示，本發明於使用時，該陽極20與陰極30為彼此相隔而分別浸泡於該電解液10，但不以此為限制，該陽極20與該陰極30各與該電解液10形成接觸即可，該電解液10與該陽極20及該陰極30分別進行一電化學反應，其中，該電解液10於該陽極20進行為氧化的該電化學反應，其反應式如下所示：M → M2+ +2e- Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 , in the present invention, the anode 20 and the cathode 30 are respectively separated from each other and immersed in the electrolyte 10 , but not limited thereto, the anode 20 and the cathode 30 are respectively The electrolyte 10 is in contact with each other, and the electrolyte 10 is electrochemically reacted with the anode 20 and the cathode 30, respectively, wherein the electrolyte 10 is subjected to the electrochemical reaction of oxidation at the anode 20, and the reaction formula thereof As shown below: M → M 2+ +2e -
而於該陰極30則進行為還原的該電化學反應，其反應式如下所示：O2 +2H2 O+4e- → 4OH- The cathode 30 is subjected to the electrochemical reaction for reduction, and the reaction formula is as follows: O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - → 4OH -
在上述電化學反應中，M代表於該陽極20參與反應的金屬，在此可為鎂(Mg)、鋁(Al)所形成的合金，而該陰極20的該奈米碳管則提供電子傳遞平台，其本身不參與反應。In the above electrochemical reaction, M represents a metal in which the anode 20 participates in the reaction, and may be an alloy formed of magnesium (Mg) or aluminum (Al), and the carbon nanotube of the cathode 20 provides electron transfer. The platform itself does not participate in the response.
據此，該電解液10與該陽極20及該陰極30之間產生一電位差V，而可形成一電通路產生一電流，於此實施例中，該電位差V為1.4至2V時，該電流最高具有650mA‧cm-2 的電流密度。Accordingly, a potential difference V is generated between the electrolyte 10 and the anode 20 and the cathode 30, and an electrical path can be formed to generate a current. In this embodiment, when the potential difference V is 1.4 to 2 V, the current is the highest. It has a current density of 650 mA ‧ cm -2 .
另外，在本發明的第二實施例中，該海水電池的結構配置與第一實施例類似，如『圖1』所示，包含有一電解液10、一陽極20以及一陰極30，該陽極20與該陰極30彼此相隔而分別與該電解液10接觸，同第一實施例，該電解液10為一海水，該電解液10與該陽極20 及該陰極30分別進行一電化學反應，而於該陰極及該陽極產生一電位差。在第二實施例中，該陽極20包含有複數個奈米碳管以及與該奈米碳管混合的該第一材料，該第一材料可選用金屬、金屬氧化物、超導體、導電高分子或碳等材質，碳可為石墨、碳黑或其它由碳構成材料等，且在結構上可為多層結構、球狀或棒狀的結構。具體而言，該陽極20可為一由該第一材料與該奈米碳管混合形成的複合材料，並且該奈米碳管之間具有一介於5%至50%的孔隙率，而該陰極30則由該第二材料製成，該第二材料為選用金屬、金屬氧化物、超導體、石墨、導電高分子之導電材質。如此，當該陽極20與該陰極30各與該電解液10接觸時，該電解液10與該陽極20將進行如下式的電化學氧化反應：M → M2+ +2e- In addition, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the structural configuration of the seawater battery is similar to that of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising an electrolyte 10, an anode 20, and a cathode 30, the anode 20 The cathodes 30 are separated from each other by the electrolyte 10, and in the first embodiment, the electrolyte 10 is a seawater, and the electrolyte 10 is electrochemically reacted with the anode 20 and the cathode 30, respectively. The cathode and the anode generate a potential difference. In the second embodiment, the anode 20 includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes and the first material mixed with the carbon nanotubes. The first material may be selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a superconductor, a conductive polymer or The material such as carbon may be graphite, carbon black or other material composed of carbon, and may have a structure of a multilayer structure, a spherical shape or a rod shape. Specifically, the anode 20 may be a composite material formed by mixing the first material and the carbon nanotube, and the carbon nanotube has a porosity between 5% and 50%, and the cathode 30 is made of the second material, which is a conductive material selected from the group consisting of metal, metal oxide, superconductor, graphite, and conductive polymer. Thus, when the anode 20 and the cathode 30 are each in contact with the electrolyte 10, the electrolyte 10 and the anode 20 are subjected to an electrochemical oxidation reaction of the following formula: M → M 2+ + 2e -
而於該陰極30則進行如下式的電化學還原反應：O2 +2H2 O+4e- → 4OH- On the cathode 30, an electrochemical reduction reaction of the following formula is carried out: O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - → 4OH -
該電解液10亦能於該陽極20及該陰極30之間產生一電位差，而可形成一電通路產生一電流。The electrolyte 10 can also generate a potential difference between the anode 20 and the cathode 30, and an electrical path can be formed to generate a current.
除上述第一實施例與第二實施例外，本發明的第三實施例，該海水電池的結構配置亦可與第一實施例類似，如『圖1』所示，包含有一電解液10、一陽極20以及一陰極30，該陽極20與該陰極30分別包括複數個奈米碳管，且該陽極20進一步包含與該奈米碳管混合的該第一材料，而於該陰極30中，該奈米碳管之間具有複數個孔隙，而具有一介於5%至50%的孔隙率，該孔隙並可附著有一碳材料，再者，該陰極30則還可選擇包含與 該奈米碳管混合的該第二材料，該陽極20與該陰極30彼此相隔而分別與該電解液接觸，該電解液為一海水，該電解液與該陽極20及該陰極30分別進行一電化學反應，而於該陽極20及該陰極30產生一電位差。In addition to the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the structural configuration of the seawater battery may be similar to that of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , including an electrolyte 10 and a An anode 20 and a cathode 30, the anode 20 and the cathode 30 respectively comprise a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the anode 20 further comprises the first material mixed with the carbon nanotube, and in the cathode 30, The carbon nanotubes have a plurality of pores between them, and have a porosity of 5% to 50%, and the pores may be attached with a carbon material. Further, the cathodes 30 may optionally contain and The second material mixed with the carbon nanotubes, the anode 20 and the cathode 30 are separated from each other and respectively contacted with the electrolyte, the electrolyte is a seawater, and the electrolyte is respectively performed with the anode 20 and the cathode 30. An electrochemical reaction produces a potential difference between the anode 20 and the cathode 30.
請參閱『圖2』所示，為本發明另一實施例的結構示意圖，在此實施例中，該海水電池更包含一容器40，該容器40包含一反應空間41、一與該反應空間41連通的輸入口42以及一與該反應空間41連通而與該輸入口42對應的輸出口43，如圖所示，該電解液10為由該輸入口42流入該反應空間41，並於該反應空間41中與該陽極20及該陰極30接觸而進行該電化學反應，再從該輸出口43流出該反應空間41，該電解液10經由該容器40的該輸入口42以及該輸出口43持續的流入以及流出，而可維持該電解液10於該反應空間41中的離子濃度，穩定所產生的該電流。Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the seawater battery further includes a container 40. The container 40 includes a reaction space 41, a reaction space 41, and a reaction space 41. a communication input port 42 and an output port 43 communicating with the reaction space 41 and corresponding to the input port 42. As shown, the electrolyte 10 flows into the reaction space 41 from the input port 42 and reacts to the reaction. The electrochemical reaction is performed in contact with the anode 20 and the cathode 30 in the space 41, and then flows out of the reaction space 41 from the output port 43, and the electrolyte 10 continues through the input port 42 of the container 40 and the output port 43. The inflow and outflow maintain the ion concentration of the electrolyte 10 in the reaction space 41, stabilizing the generated current.
綜上所述，由於本發明利用奈米碳管製造海水電池的電極(該陽極以及該陰極)，藉由奈米碳管的高活性與高比表面積，而提供離子移動的通道，提高因該電位差所形成的該電流之電流密度，於電位差為1.4至2V時，該電流的電流密度最高可達到650mA‧cm-2 ，有效提升該海水電池的供電效能。再者，本發明利用該奈米碳管做為海水電池的電極，可降低該電極於該電化學反應中的消耗，進一步延長該海水電池的使用壽命。In summary, since the present invention utilizes a carbon nanotube to manufacture an electrode (the anode and the cathode) of a seawater battery, the channel of ion movement is provided by the high activity and high specific surface area of the carbon nanotube, thereby increasing the potential difference. The current density of the current formed is up to 650 mA ‧ cm -2 when the potential difference is 1.4 to 2 V, which effectively improves the power supply performance of the seawater battery. Furthermore, the present invention utilizes the carbon nanotube as the electrode of the seawater battery, which can reduce the consumption of the electrode in the electrochemical reaction and further prolong the service life of the seawater battery.
本發明尤其適合應用於航行於海中之船舶或建構於海上之設施，提供其所需之電力，但本發明並不限於此，原則上可廣泛適用在任何含有海水之環境。與傳統的火 力發電相較，本發明海水電池的運作過程，並不會產生有危環境的物質；而與水力發電相比，又不會因建築的關係影響生態環境，故屬於環保的發電方式。此外，相對於太陽能電池，本發明海水電池毋須受限於日照時間或天候條件，僅需利用海水做為電解液，即可發電，故可提供較穩定的發電量。因此本發明極具進步性及符合申請發明專利的要件，爰依法提出申請，祈鈞局早日賜准專利，實感德便。The invention is particularly suitable for use in ships sailing in the sea or in facilities built at sea to provide the power required, but the invention is not limited thereto and in principle can be widely applied to any environment containing sea water. With traditional fire Compared with the power generation, the operation process of the seawater battery of the present invention does not produce a material with a dangerous environment; and compared with the hydroelectric power generation, it does not affect the ecological environment due to the relationship of the building, so it is an environmentally friendly power generation mode. In addition, compared with the solar cell, the seawater battery of the present invention is not limited to the sunshine time or the weather condition, and only needs to use seawater as the electrolyte to generate electricity, so that a relatively stable power generation amount can be provided. Therefore, the present invention is highly progressive and conforms to the requirements of the invention patent application, and the application is made according to law, and the praying office grants the patent as soon as possible.
以上已將本發明做一詳細說明，惟以上所述者，僅為本發明的一較佳實施例而已，當不能限定本發明實施的範圍。即凡依本發明申請範圍所作的均等變化與修飾等，皆應仍屬本發明的專利涵蓋範圍內。The present invention has been described in detail above, but the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. That is, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the present application should remain within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
10‧‧‧電解液10‧‧‧ electrolyte
20‧‧‧陽極20‧‧‧Anode
30‧‧‧陰極30‧‧‧ cathode
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| KR102048572B1 (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-11-26 | 한국기계연구원 | Environment-friendly energy generation/storage system using halophyte-based battery and seawater battery |
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| TWI711758B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-12-01 | 楷玟國際實業有限公司 | Sea water power system |
| KR102526366B1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2023-05-02 | 한국기계연구원 | Generator sustainably generating power |
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| CN114497567B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2024-06-04 | 中船重工黄冈水中装备动力有限公司 | Silver/carbon nanotube composite material for aluminum-silver oxide battery and preparation method and application thereof |
| TWI843077B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-05-21 | 楷玟國際實業有限公司 | Box type seawater power generation system |
| CN115000438B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2025-01-28 | 宿迁时代储能科技有限公司 | An integrated structure of electrode frame and bipolar plate and battery stack for liquid flow battery |
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