TWI465263B - 醫用敷料及使用該敷料之負壓治療裝置 - Google Patents
醫用敷料及使用該敷料之負壓治療裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI465263B TWI465263B TW099143176A TW99143176A TWI465263B TW I465263 B TWI465263 B TW I465263B TW 099143176 A TW099143176 A TW 099143176A TW 99143176 A TW99143176 A TW 99143176A TW I465263 B TWI465263 B TW I465263B
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- Prior art keywords
- medical dressing
- fabric layer
- polyurethane
- fiber
- hydrophilic segment
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Description
本發明係有關於一種醫用敷料,詳言之,係有關於一種由具有纖維型態且含有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物所紡製之醫用敷料。
全球過去為了針對慢性傷口照護,一直以來耗費相當大的醫療資源,慢性傷口主要產生的原因例如有糖尿病、神經病變、壓瘡、褥瘡、以及血管病變等。因此,對於慢性傷口治療之技術一直廣受各界重視。慢性傷口照護用敷料之產品技術發展大略可分為:傳統性治療敷料,例如使用繃帶(Bandages)、紗布(Gauze)或創護膠布(Band-Aid)等;濕式敷料,例如使用水膠(Hydrogel)、親水膠體(Hydrocolloid)或泡棉(Foam)等;以及負壓治療(Negative Pressure Wound Therapy)。
歷史上第一次公開販售關於醫療用途傷口照護的產品,可追溯自1874年德國公司製造的無菌脫脂棉,其功能僅止於單純的覆蓋創面,保護創口,成本極低,簡便又便宜因而延用至今。然而,紗布或棉墊等傳統敷料對於傷口雖有一定的保護作用,但仍往往無法有效阻隔外界環境,因而有易滲漏及易造成傷口重覆感染發炎之缺點。
近年來針對難以癒合的傷口,諸如褥瘡、壓瘡、糖尿病潰瘍等創傷,主動且非侵入式的促進癒合治療法之發展十分迅速,而負壓治療(Negative Pressure Wound Therapy,NPWT)類的裝置與敷料產品便為其中之一。NPWT傷口照護技術是利用泵(pump)在傷口以及空氣吸盤之間放置敷料,並施加大約50至120毫米汞柱不等的壓力,因此可減少滲出液與局部水腫,而機械引力則可促進肉芽組織增生及增進局部血液循環。
目前負壓敷料設計以聚氨酯泡棉或者平面紗布為主,泡棉結構主要缺點為泡棉敷料觸感偏硬使得病患使用舒適度不佳、以及為了填充不規則傷口空腔因此必須裁剪使得醫護人員之操作便利性不足,並有移除不完全之風險與在移除時會造成傷口的沾黏及破壞,而使病人倍感疼痛。此外,平面紗布型敷料進行負壓治療缺點則為缺乏立體結構支撐,當平面紗布型敷料受到壓力擠壓後,平面紗布結構緊密貼合,無法有效保有滲出液通透所需要管道;此外亦會有移除時會造成傷口的沾黏及破壞,而使病人倍感疼痛問題。
因此,負壓治療所搭配使用之敷料設計,在傷口床壓力分佈表現、傷口滲出液移除效率、以及傷口沾黏及操作上仍有相當大的改進空間。此外,紗布或薄膜狀敷料進行傷口床的保護時,一般消毒紗布或薄膜狀敷料由於無法有效控制傷口床的濕潤度,且材料本身具高沾黏性,使肉芽組織容易長入纖維織物中,因此在更換敷料時會造成再次損傷。
為改良目前用於傷口之敷料缺點,本發明提供一種醫用敷料,係包括:第一織物層,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;第二織物層,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;以及複數線形支撐部,係織結於該第一織物層與第二織物層之間。
該第一織物層與第二織物層之製備主要係將包括聚胺基甲酸酯之材料,以纖維化加工方式製備成纖維,再透過紡織技術織成具有纖維形態之層狀織物,其中,纖維係選自單絲纖維、複絲纖維或其二者;該紗線係選自單股紗線、多股紗線或其二者。此外,該第一織物層與第二織物層之表面具有複數孔洞,且該複數孔洞的平均孔洞面積範圍為1×10-4
至1×102
mm2
。
本發明之纖維形態敷料,可使用於傷口一般性保護使用,為了控制滲液通透速度以及控制傷口床濕潤度,結構設計可透過第一織物層與第二織物層之孔洞面積大小組成不同進而進行調整。當與傷口接觸層織物孔洞較大(平均孔洞面積可介於1×10-2
至1×102
mm2
);而與空氣接觸層織物孔洞小時(平均孔洞面積可介於1×10-4
至1 mm2
),透過不對稱孔洞結構設計,能夠達到傷口部位滲出液排除控制,並可達到控制濕蒸氣透過率(Moisture vapor transmission rate,MVTR)效能,MVTR控制可介於50至50,000 g/m2
/24hr,較佳範圍100至20,000 g/m2
/24hr。此外,透過第一織物層與第二織物層材料親/疏水性控制亦可有助於滲出液移除或者是傷口濕潤程度控制,具體來說上述疏水性材質可為含有一般胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物;親水性材質為含有一般胺基甲酸酯重複單元並同時具有親水鏈段組成之聚合物。
本發明之纖維形態敷料,可作為快速或大量傷口滲出液吸收之用途,結構設計可透過第一織物層與第二織物層之孔洞大小調整、第一織物層與第二織物層之材質親/疏水性調整、第一織物層與第二織物層之間複數線形支撐部材質親/疏水性調整、以及第一織物層與第二織物層之間複數線形支撐部位空間孔隙密度調整來達到。具體來說,該親/疏水材料為含有一般胺基甲酸酯重複單元以及胺基甲酸酯重複單元並同時具有親水鏈段組成之聚合物或上述混合組成材料所製成的纖維或紗線,上述該具有親水性質纖維或紗線具備有吸收水分或滲出液能力,且該吸收滲液能力為該纖維敷料之單位體積5%至1000%,較佳為10%至500%。
本發明之纖維形態敷料,可作為負壓治療之傷口填充用途,傷口部位滲出液排除能力可透過第一織物層與第二織物層之孔洞大小調整、第一織物層與第二織物層之材質親/疏水性調整、第一織物層與第二織物層之間複數線形支撐部材質親/疏水性調整、以及第一織物層與第二織物層之間複數線形支撐部位空間孔隙密度調整來達到。具體來說,緊靠傷口床(傷口接觸面)之織物層孔隙可為較小,如此可以讓傷口滲出液順利通透外亦可以防止新生組織長入纖維敷料內部,避免移除時撕裂新生組織以及造成病患疼痛,具體來說該第一織物層(傷口接觸面)之平均孔洞面積可小於1 mm2
,較佳可介於1×10-4
至1 mm2
;第二織物層之平均孔洞面積可大於1×10-2
mm2
,較佳可介於1×10-2
至1×102
mm2
;第一織物層與第二織物層亦可具備有相同之平均孔洞面積,平均孔洞面積範圍可為1×10-4
至1×102
mm2
。
此外,本發明之纖維形態敷料,作為負壓治療之傷口填充用途時,結構設計之第一織物層與第二織物層間的支撐部位空間孔隙密度以及支撐強度可影響液體通透所需之毛細通道,因此進而影響滲出液通透效率以及負壓操作時壓力分佈。具體來說,本發明之纖維敷料用於負壓操作,血液仿體(Computerized Imaging Reference Systems,Inc生產Model 046,blood mimicking fluid,Lot#CGB3120)於高於600毫米-汞柱壓力下,液體通過速率可大於50 mg/sec,較佳之液體通過速率可大於70 mg/sec;傷口部位填充纖維敷料進行負壓操作時,壓力分佈差可小於10毫米-汞柱,較佳為小於5毫米-汞柱。
本發明之纖維敷料所使用材料,於具體實施態樣中,該聚胺基甲酸酯之聚合物係包括脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯、含親水鏈段之脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、含親水鏈段之芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯或前述之組合,且該親水鏈段係位於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯之主鏈,或者以側鏈形式鍵結於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯。舉例而言,該親水鏈段係以酯鍵或胺基甲酸酯鍵鍵結於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯。又,該親水鏈段係包括聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚氧化乙烯(polyethylene oxide,PEO)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)、聚甲基丙烯酸(polymethacrylic acid,PMA)或前述之組合。
於一具體實施態樣中,該親水鏈段具有下式(I)或式(II)之結構:
其中,n為1至20,000之整數;m為1至50,000之整數;以及且該式(I)或式(II)之親水鏈段係以末端之氧鍵結於該聚合物側鏈上。
於又一具體實施態樣中,該聚合物係由二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、含二醇基團及選自具有下式(III)或式(VI)結構之親水鏈段反應形成含有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物:
其中,n為1至20,000之整數;m為1至50,000之整數。
於另一具體實施態樣中,該醫用敷料復可包括抗菌成分,其係選自銀、碘、鋅、銅及抗生素所組成群組之一種或多種抗菌成分,且該抗菌成分係位於該第一織物層、第二織物層或複數線形支撐部之表面。又該抗菌成分係可藉由結合劑結合於該第一織物層、第二織物層或複數線形支撐部之表面。
另一方面,當該醫用敷料處於一局部負壓環境,於高於600毫米-汞柱壓力下,其液體通過該醫用敷料之平均速率係大於50毫克/每秒;較佳地,該局部負壓為635毫米-汞柱時,其液體通過該醫用敷料之速率係大於110毫克/每秒。
本發明復提供一種負壓治療裝置,係包括:一醫用敷料,包括:第一織物層,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;第二織物層,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;以及複數線形支撐部,係織結於該第一織物層與第二織物層之間;一氣密元件,係貼附於該醫用敷料上;一真空單元;以及一連通管,其兩端分別連接於該氣密元件與該真空單元;其中,該負壓治療裝置係透過該醫用敷料填充或覆蓋於患部表面,並可配合一氣密元件,以建立該患部的局部負壓環境。
本發明之醫用敷料,可藉著其結構中纖維交織造成的空間或孔洞所產生的毛細現象,賦予該醫用敷料具有吸收傷口滲出液之功能。此外,本發明之醫用敷料具有聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線,透過纖維結構之設計可使纖維敷料具備有柔軟以及服貼傷口特性;而含有親水性鏈段之胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物材料,可避免敷料與傷口床組織間產生沾黏。
以下係藉由特定的具體實施例說明本發明之實施方式,熟習此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本發明之優點及功效。本發明亦可藉由其它不同之實施方式加以施行或應用,本說明書中的各項細節亦可基於不同觀點與應用,在不悖離本發明所揭示之精神下賦予不同之修飾與變更。
本文所利用之纖維加工原理,已為相關技術領域具有通常知識者所能明瞭,故以下文中之說明,不再作完整描述。
請參閱第1圖,係本發明提供之醫用敷料1,係包括:第一織物層11,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;第二織物層13,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;以及複數線形支撐部15,係織結於該第一織物層11與第二織物層13之間。
該第一織物層與第二織物層之製備主要係將含有聚胺基甲酸酯之聚合物,以纖維化加工方式製備成纖維,再透過紡織技術織成,其中,纖維係選自單絲纖維、複絲纖維或其二者;該紗線係選自單股紗線、多股紗線或其二者混合。又,該纖維或紗線之纖維細度範圍為0.01丹尼至1000丹尼,且較佳為0.1丹尼至500丹尼。
本發明之醫用敷料之第一織物層與第二織物層係以梭織、針織、圓編或經編所形成之具有厚度的結構,該厚度介於0.01至100 mm,且較佳為0.1至10mm。同樣地,該複數線形支撐部亦與第一織物層與第二織物層係以一體編織方式完成。
又,該第一織物層與第二織物層之表面具有複數孔洞,且該複數孔洞的平均孔洞面積範圍為1×10-4
至1×102
mm2
,較佳的平均孔洞面積範圍為1×10-2
至25 mm2
。當然,本發明之醫用敷料,尤其是各線形支撐部之間亦可構成複數個孔洞,且該孔洞結構的面積可為相同或不同。從而,本發明之醫用纖維敷料具有連續且交互連通之通道,以利於傷口滲出液穿透該敷料之速率控制。再者,本發明之醫用敷料的總體密度範圍為0.01至0.99 g/cm3
,且較佳為0.1至0.99 g/cm3
。至於在傷口滲出液吸收方面,本發明之醫用敷料該吸收滲液能力為該纖維敷料之單位體積5%至1000%,較佳為10%至500%。
本發明之醫用敷料作為於負壓治療之填充敷料時,係以可造成傷口床部位局部低於大氣壓力之方式排除滲出液,其中,該傷口床部位局部係低於大氣壓力範圍759至500 mmHg。該傷口部位填充纖維敷料進行負壓操作時,壓力分佈差小於10毫米-汞柱,較佳為小於5毫米-汞柱。
為使本發明之醫用敷料更柔軟、與傷口服貼性佳、並有較佳的生物相容性,該所使用之纖維或紗線的硬度範圍為Shore 50A至Shore 80D,且較佳為Shore 70A至Shore 80D,而該纖維或紗線之纖維細度範圍為0.01丹尼至1000丹尼,且較佳為0.1丹尼至500丹尼。
在本發明中,該聚胺基甲酸酯的聚合物包括脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯、含親水鏈段之脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、含親水鏈段之芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯或前述之組合。此外,該醫用敷料之纖維或紗線復可包括:熱可塑性聚酯類高分子材料、生物可吸收性高分子材料、抗菌性材料、其他防止組織/細胞貼附或沾黏材料、止血功能材料、促進傷口血液循環材料或除臭或吸收臭味材料,在織物層之製備上,可混合一種或多種上述之材料或將該等材料加工為纖維後藉由紡織技術以製備層狀織物。
本發明之聚胺基甲酸酯之聚合物之實例包括脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯、含親水鏈段之脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或含親水鏈段之芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯。其中,該聚胺基甲酸酯可為含親水鏈段之脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或含親水鏈段之芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯;該親水鏈段係位於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯之主鏈或者以側鏈形式鍵結於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯,且該親水鏈段係以酯鍵或胺基甲酸酯鍵鍵結於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯。
該親水鏈段包括聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚氧化乙烯(polyethylene oxide,PEO)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)、聚甲基丙烯酸(polymethacrylic acid,PMA)或前述之組合。
該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯之每一主鏈中,該親水鏈段之重複單元係大於1,且該親水鏈段之分子量是小於500,000,例如,100至500,000,或者是小於200,000,並以分子量小於100,000為最佳。
在生物可吸收性高分子材料中,其實例可包括聚己內酯(polycaprolactone,PCL)、聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)、聚羥基乙酸(polyglycolic acid,PGA)、聚乳酸-共-羥基乙酸共聚合物(polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer,PLGA)、聚己內酯-聚乳酸共聚物共聚合物(polycaprolactone-polylactic acid copolymer,PCL-PLA)、聚己內酯-聚乙二醇共聚物物(polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol copolymer,PCL-PEG)或其混合物。
在抗菌性材料中,其實例可包括第一織物層或第二織物層表面以及複數線形支撐部之表面或醫用敷料整體中加入銀、碘、鋅、銅、抗生素或藥物等具有抗菌或抑菌成分者。其中,如果僅表面含有上述具有抗菌或抑菌成分,可於第一織物層、第二織物層表面以及複數線形支撐部或敷料形成後以含浸、噴塗、或濺鍍等之表面處理方法形成於該材料或敷料的表面;如係整體含有上述具有抗菌或抑菌成分時,可於纖維形成進行加工前,將銀、碘、鋅、銅、抗生素或藥物等成分均勻混合進入該用以製備纖維之材料之組成中,例如聚合物材料中,再進行纖維加工。
至於在該表面處理方法中,較佳為含浸方法。其中,該含浸方法係包括於一種或兩種以上之有機溶劑中將所添加之抗菌或抑菌成分,透過溶蝕原理將該抗菌或抑菌成分結合於所欲表面處理之纖維。
此外,亦可透過結合劑以將抗菌或抑菌成分結合於纖維表面,其中,該結合劑可選自一般聚胺基甲酸酯材料、水性聚胺基甲酸酯(water-borne polyurethane)、親水性聚胺基甲酸酯(hydrophilic polyurethane)、雙性高分子(amiphilic polymer)或其組合。
在進行纖維的表面處理步驟時,可復包含乾燥步驟,其中,該乾燥溫度範圍圍10℃至200℃,且最佳範圍為25℃至120℃。
在防止組織/細胞貼附或沾黏材料中,除了於含有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物側鏈含有親水鏈段外,另一實例可包括於含有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物主鏈中添加聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸或其組合之線性共聚合物。
在止血功能材料中,其實例可包括選自氧化纖維素(Oxidized cellulose,OC)、氧化再生纖維素(Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose,ORC)、膠原蛋白(collagen)、明膠(gelatin)、纖維蛋白膠(fibrin glue)或甲殼素(Chitosan)及其衍生物等促進血液凝固之成份。該促進血液凝固之成份可形成於纖維材料表面或加入所形成之纖維中,其中,若為表面含有上述具有促進止血成份時,可於製成醫用敷料後,再以含浸或噴塗方式結合於該醫用敷料表面。
在該表面處理方法中,該含浸方法可包括於一種或兩種以上之有機溶劑中將所添加之氧化纖維素、氧化再生纖維素、膠原蛋白、明膠、纖維蛋白膠、甲殼素或其衍生物等之促進血液凝固成份結合於該醫用敷料表面。當然,亦可使用結合劑。此外,復可包含前述之乾燥步驟。
在促進傷口血液循環材料中,其實例包括具有發射近紅外線以及遠紅外線之材料,且又以金屬或氧化金屬材料為佳,其中,該金屬材料可為鈦(Titanium)、鍺(Germanium)或其他具有發射近紅外線以及遠紅外線之材料,而該氧化金屬材料可為氧化鋅(Zinc oxide)、氧化鋁(Aluminium oxide)、氧化鎂(Magnesium Oxide)或其他具有發射近紅外線以及遠紅外線之材料。
該發射近紅外線以及遠紅外線之材料可以微粒子或奈米粒子形態混合於本發明之醫用敷料之具有纖維型態之材料,其中,該粒子之粒徑係小於100μm,且較佳係小於50μm。
在除臭或吸收臭味材料中,其係以化學或物理方式吸附傷口床所產生氨臭味或其他臭味來源,其中,該吸附臭味材料可選自氧化金屬材料或活性碳吸附材料。該氧化金屬材料例如可為氧化鋅、氧化鋁、氧化鎂或其他具有吸附臭味材料以整體混合或表面塗佈方式添加於本發明之醫用敷料。
本發明中選用之具有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物材料,相對於聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、矽(silicon)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)等常見生醫高分子材料,熱可塑性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(TPU)或者胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物由於分子結構中具有特殊之軟鏈段(soft segment)及硬鏈段(hard segment)之相分離(phase Separation)結構,因此會表現出TPU材料獨特之彈性以及柔軟性質,而含有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物材料具有寬廣的加工範圍與方式可應用,且含有胺基甲酸酯重複單元之聚合物本身具有優異的機械與彈性性質及寬廣的軟硬度調整範圍與具有極好的血液相容性(blood compatibility)以及優異生物相容性(biocompatibility),因此應用於傷口敷料(wound dressing)產品更為適合。
請參閱第2圖,係本發明用於治療組織之負壓治療裝置2,係包括:本發明之醫用敷料23;氣密元件21,係貼附於該醫用敷料23上,並界定該氣密元件21與組織22之間的空間;真空單元24;以及連通管25,其兩端分別連接於該氣密元件21與該真空單元24,其中,該負壓治療裝置2係透過該醫用敷料23覆蓋於患部表面,以建立該患部的局部負壓環境。該真空單元24可為泵浦,連通管25可為醫療用途之導管,該氣密元件21可為半鋼性及可適度變形之杯體或者一軟質膜狀物質。
前述之用於治療組織之負壓治療裝置2,復可包括容器26,係設於氣密元件21與真空單元24之間,並藉由連通管25連接,以容置所抽出之液體。此外,復可包括過濾器27,係插置在該容器26與真空單元24之間的連通管25中。
以下係藉由特定之具體實施例進一步說明本發明之特點與功效,但非用於限制本發明之範疇。
將N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone,VP)加入預先使用分子篩除水的二甲基乙醯氨(Dimethylacetamide,DMAc)(179ml),均勻混合後,再依序加入偶氮二異丁腈(2,2'-Azobisisobutyronitrile,AIBN)及硫基乙醇(Mercaptoethanol,ME)至反應瓶,全程通氮氣,加熱至60℃反應24小時,反應完畢後,使用減壓濃縮機將二甲基乙醯氨(DMAc)溶劑抽乾後,將產物溶解於70ml二氯甲烷,完全溶解後到入700ml乙醚中沉澱(1:10),產物並置於真空烘箱60℃,乾燥24小時,得到下式PVP-OH結構之產物。各批號所添加之N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、硫基乙醇及合成之各產物數據係如下表一所示。
該式PVP-OH中,n為1至60至440之整數。
將PVP-OH(製備例1之批號#3,PVP-OH-980730-2)在60℃真空除水12小時後,將PVP-OH(46g,3.82 mmol)置入500ml三頸反應瓶,架設機械攪拌裝置以及冷凝管,通氮氣,加入100 ml經由分子篩除水之二甲基亞碸(Dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO),加熱至60℃溶解。待完全溶解後開啟反應瓶之玻璃塞,加入二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,MDI)粉末(0.98g,3.90mmol),反應3小時,得到產物PVP-NCO。
於內置有PVP-NCO(46.98g,3.82mmol)溶液500ml反應瓶中,直接以針筒注射季戊四醇(Pentaerythritol)(0.26g,1.86mmol),並在60℃反應4小時。反應完畢後加入適量二丁基胺(Dibutyl amine,DBA)(0.05g,0.38mmol)將NCO官能基活性去除。使用減壓濃縮機將二甲基亞碸(DMSO)移除(水浴溫度60至70℃)。接著,將剩餘殘質溶於二氯甲烷中於乙醚(1:10)沉澱兩次,在60℃真空乾燥後得具雙醇基團之PVP衍生物。
將該具雙醇基團之PVP衍生物使用凝膠層析儀(GPC)分析分子量以及使用1
H-NMR分析接枝率多寡。結果,所得具雙醇基團之PVP衍生物的分子量為Mn:13,600、Mw:28,500、PDI=2.1,以及1
H-NMR的接枝率為108%。該具雙醇基團之PVP衍生物係具有下式(III)結構。
將市售之聚乙二醇單甲醚(methyl ether polyethylene glycol,mPEG)(150g,0.03mol)置入1L三頸反應瓶,直接以減壓濃縮機80℃除水2小時,加入368 ml經由分子篩除水之二甲基亞碸(DMSO),加熱至60℃溶解。待完全溶解後,加入二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)(7.66g,0.0306mol)粉末溶解至30ml二甲基亞碸(DMSO)之液體,反應3小時,產物即為mPEG-NCO。
於內置有mPEG-NCO(157.7g,0.03mol)溶液500ml反應瓶中,直接以針筒注射季戊四醇(Pentaerythritol)(1.98g,0.015mol),並於60℃反應4小時。反應完畢後加入適量二丁基胺(DBA)(0.39g,0.003mol)將NCO官能基活性去除。使用減壓濃縮機將二甲基亞碸(DMSO)移除,接著將剩餘殘質溶於二氯甲烷於乙醚(1:10)沉澱兩次,真空乾燥後白色固體即為具雙醇基團之PEG衍生物。具雙醇基團之PEG衍生物係具有下式(IV)結構,其分子量為:Mn:6,400、Mw:8,300、PDI:1.3。
以溶液聚合法合成側鏈鍵結有親水鏈段之聚胺基甲酸酯,其中,二異氰酸鹽採用芳香族之二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,MDI);聚醚系多元醇(Polyether polyol)係採用聚四甲基醚二醇(PTMEG 1,000);鏈延長劑則以前述之PEG親水化雙醇(PEG-diol)或PVP親水化雙醇(PVP-diol),與1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)搭配做調整,反應溶劑為N,N-二甲基乙胺,反應溫度為65±5℃,控制反應系統中固含量為20 wt%,合成配方如下表二及表三所示。
利用體外細胞貼附試驗測試側鏈鍵結有親水鏈段之聚胺基甲酸酯抑制細胞貼附能力,測試條件與方法如下:細胞種類為L-929,細胞種植數為2×104
/孔(well)(12孔培養盤(well Culture plate)),細胞培養條件為7℃,5% CO2
,空白對照組為12孔培養盤,測試樣品為直徑21 mm之圓形薄片。測試步驟如下:
將具有親水鏈段之聚胺基甲酸酯及不具有親水鏈段之聚胺基甲酸酯(控制組)製成圓形薄膜試片(直徑20mm,厚度0.5mm),並平置於12孔培養盤底層,以無毒橡膠環將試片平整固定。加入2ml內含2×104
細胞的細胞懸浮液,使之均勻分佈並放置於細胞培養箱中培養18小時,使細胞貼附。接下來以吸量管(pipette)移去培養基,再分別加入2ml磷酸缓沖鹽溶液(DPBS)將未貼附之懸浮細胞移除。繼之加入2ml適當濃度之中性紅(neutral red)反應1小時,以倒立式顯微鏡觀察。每一孔盤(well plate)區分為5至6個區域拍照存檔,並計算顯微鏡100倍單位面積下,細胞貼附之總數,並統計每一孔盤細胞貼附平均數。每一試片依上述方式分別進行三重複試驗,比較不同原料組成試片之細胞貼附程度和差異性。抑制細胞貼附性能如下表四與表五所示。
利用大鼠模式動物試驗測試側鏈鍵結有親水鏈段之聚胺基甲酸酯的抑制傷口沾黏能力,測試條件與方法如下:於大鼠上背先行以(2.5×2.5 cm)範圍開創,3天後將測試樣品固定於傷口床,於第7天進行動物麻醉,麻醉後將大鼠綁上縫線並固定於一個角落,以手持式拉力計將測試樣品以反向45°撕離開傷口床,紀錄測試樣品拉離組織之最大拉力值,撕開速度固定1 cm/s),結果如下表六所示。
分別使用下列聚胺基甲酸酯材料:
(1)Lubrizol Corporation所生產之Tecothane芳香族聚醚型系列TPU;
(2) Great Eastern Resins Industrial Co. Ltd.(GRECO)所生產之ISOTHANE 1000芳香族聚酯型系列TPU;以及
(3) Great Eastern Resins Industrial Co. Ltd.(GRECO)所生產之ISOTHANE 3000芳香族聚醚型系列TPU。
纖維係採熔紡方式製作(紡絲試驗機為怡翔工程股份有限公司製造,型號:JOYSPPL03),熔紡加工前聚胺基甲酸酯含水率需乾燥至100 ppm以下,各項熔紡加工條件以及纖維物性如表七所列。
原料使用Lubrizol Corporation所生產之Tecophilic脂肪族聚醚型系列TPU之親水性聚胺基甲酸酯以及Coating Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.(CCIC)所生產之BE-5038A芳香族親水性TPU之聚胺基甲酸酯。
纖維仍採熔紡方式製作(紡絲押出機為Killion Extruders Inc製造,型號:KLB-100;或紡絲試驗機為怡翔工程股份有限公司製造,型號:JOYSPPL03)。熔紡加工前聚胺基甲酸酯含水率需乾燥至100 ppm以下,各項熔紡加工條件以及纖維物性如表八所列。
使用製備例5之聚胺基甲酸酯複絲纖維,以圓編方式織成本發明之醫用敷料,圓編機為寬裕機械公司34KL圓編針織機,各項圓編加工條件以及性能測試如下表九所列。
以矽膠材質內空腔尺寸為:5×5×4 cm作為傷口仿體,於傷口仿體底部中央以及側邊中央各埋入壓力計感測器(sensor);並於傷口仿體底部兩側以22G鋼針進行引流血液仿體,分別測試泡棉以及纖維敷料之液體排除效率,液體使用血液仿體(Computerized Imaging Reference Systems,Inc生產Model 046,blood mimicking fluid,Lot#CGB3120)進行測試,並於測試後隨即拋棄,測試壓力為635毫米-汞柱,測試數據如下表十。
以上所述僅為本發明較佳實施例而已,並非用以限定本發明申請專利權利;同時以上的描述對於熟知本技術領域之專門人士應可明瞭與實施,因此其他未脫離本發明所揭示之精神下所完成的等效改變或修飾,均應包含於下述之申請專利範圍。
1...醫用敷料
11...第一織物層
13‧‧‧第二織物層
15‧‧‧線形支撐部
2‧‧‧負壓治療裝置
21‧‧‧氣密元件
22‧‧‧組織
23‧‧‧醫用敷料
24‧‧‧真空單元
25‧‧‧連通管
26‧‧‧容器
27‧‧‧過濾器
第1圖係本發明醫用敷料之立體示意圖;以及
第2圖係本發明醫用敷料之用於負壓治療裝置之示意圖。
1...醫用敷料
11...第一織物層
13...第二織物層
15...線形支撐部
Claims (18)
- 一種醫用敷料,係包括:第一織物層,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;第二織物層,其係由包括聚胺基甲酸酯所形成之纖維或紗線;以及複數線形支撐部,係織結於該第一織物層與第二織物層之間;其中,該第一織物層與第二織物層之表面具有複數孔洞,該複數孔洞的平均孔洞面積係介於1×10-4 至1×102 mm2 ,及該第二織物層之平均孔洞面積係大於該第一織物層之平均孔洞面積。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該纖維係選自單絲纖維、複絲纖維或其二者;該紗線係選自單股紗線、多股紗線或其二者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該纖維或紗線之細度範圍為0.01丹尼至1000丹尼。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該第一織物層與第二織物層係具有梭織、針織、圓編或經編之結構者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該醫用敷料的總體密度係介於0.01至0.99g/cm3 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該聚胺基甲酸酯包括脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、芳香族聚胺基甲酸 酯、含親水鏈段之脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯、含親水鏈段之芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯或前述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該聚胺基甲酸酯為含親水鏈段之脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或含親水鏈段之芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯;該親水鏈段係位於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯之主鏈,或者以側鏈形式鍵結於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該親水鏈段係以酯鍵或胺基甲酸酯鍵鍵結於該脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯或芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該親水鏈段包括聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚氧化乙烯(polyethylene oxide,PEO)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)、聚甲基丙烯酸(polymethacrylic acid,PMA)或前述之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該親水鏈段之分子量係介於100至500,000之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該纖維或紗線的硬度範圍為Shore 50A至Shore 80D。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該醫用敷料之單位體積之液體吸收量為5%至1000%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,更包含一抗菌 成分,其選自銀、碘、鋅、銅及抗生素所組成群組之一種或多種抗菌成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該抗菌成分係位於該第一織物層、該第二織物層或該複數線形支撐部之表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該抗菌成分係藉由結合劑結合於該第一織物層、該第二織物層或該複數線形支撐部之表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該結合劑係選自聚胺基甲酸酯(polyurethane)及雙性聚合物(amiphilic polymer)所組成群組之一種或多種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料,其中,該醫用敷料之厚度大於0.1mm。
- 一種負壓治療裝置,包括:一如申請專利範圍第1項所述之醫用敷料;一氣密元件,係貼附於該醫用敷料上;一真空單元;以及一連通管,其兩端分別連接於該氣密元件與該真空單元。
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| CN201010596033.9A CN102525737B (zh) | 2010-12-10 | 2010-12-20 | 医用敷料及使用该敷料的负压治疗装置 |
| EP11001481.8A EP2462908B1 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2011-02-22 | Medical dressing and negative pressure wound therapy apparatus using the same |
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| EP2462908A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
| US20120150078A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
| CN102525737B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
| EP2462908B1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| CN102525737A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
| TW201223563A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
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