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TWI462451B - AC / DC conversion device and its function correction method - Google Patents

AC / DC conversion device and its function correction method Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI462451B
TWI462451B TW101145615A TW101145615A TWI462451B TW I462451 B TWI462451 B TW I462451B TW 101145615 A TW101145615 A TW 101145615A TW 101145615 A TW101145615 A TW 101145615A TW I462451 B TWI462451 B TW I462451B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
diode
capacitor
inductor
load
power
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TW101145615A
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English (en)
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TW201424227A (zh
Inventor
Ching Tsai Pan
Po Yen Chen
Ta Sheng Hung
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Hep Tech Co Ltd
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Priority to TW101145615A priority Critical patent/TWI462451B/zh
Priority to US14/096,796 priority patent/US9203297B2/en
Publication of TW201424227A publication Critical patent/TW201424227A/zh
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Publication of TWI462451B publication Critical patent/TWI462451B/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4241Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a resonant converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4266Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using passive elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/1557Single ended primary inductor converters [SEPIC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)

Description

交直流轉換裝置及其功因校正方法
本發明係與電源轉換裝置有關,更詳而言之是指一種交直流轉換裝置及其功因校正方法。
按,傳統的交直流轉換裝置如圖1所示,包含有一整流電路300與一輸出電容C,該整流電路30將一交流電源轉換成一直流電源,該輸出電容C跨接於該整流電路的輸出端,且該輸出電容C供並聯一負載400。該交直流轉換裝置在作動時,該交流電源的輸入電壓與輸入電流處於相位不同的情況,導致功率因數低且電流總諧波失真嚴重。此外,只有在該直流電源的電壓高於輸出電容C的電壓時,才會對輸出電容C進行充電,因此造成輸出電容C充電時間縮短,導致整流電路300中之二極體導通時間亦隨之縮短,以及導通電流的峰值隨之增大,造成輸入電流波形失真及功率因數降低。功率因數降低除了浪費能源外,亦增加電力公司之電力供應系充不必要的負擔。因次,為改善上述缺點,具有功因校正電路的交直流轉換裝置便因應而生。
而傳統用於交直流轉換裝置的功因校正電路可分為主動式與被動式兩種。主動式功因校正電路係使用一主動開關元件控制輸入電流,其優點在於功率因數可達到0.99以上、電流諧波失真總量小於10%、輸入電壓範圍廣泛、輸出電壓穩定及 且不受輸出功率變動影響。然而,主動式功因校正電路需使用額外的主動開關元件,其容易有電磁雜訊大與耐用性低之缺點,是以,如何改善上述缺點一直是業者苦司改良之方向。此外,為了使該負載上的輸出電壓之漣波減小,前述之輸出電容必須採用高容值的電解電容,電解電容容易因長時間受熱而有電解液外漏的情形,導致電路的使用壽命減短。
有鑑於此,本發明之主要目的在於提供一種交直流轉換裝置及其功因校正方法,可有效提高功率因數,且亦可有效地抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波。
緣以達成上述目的,本發明所提供交直流轉換裝置用以將一電源之交流電轉換成直流電後,供電予一負載。該交直流轉換裝置包含有一整流電路、以及一主動式功因校正電路。其中,該整流電路與該電源電性連接,用以將交流電轉換成直流電,且具有用以輸出直流電之一正極輸出端以及一負極輸出端;該主動式功因校正電路一側電性連接該整流電路,另一側電性連接該負載,用以抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波,且包含有一第一二極體,其負極連接該整流電路之正極輸出端;一第二二極體,其正極連接該整流電路之負極輸出端;一第三二極體,其正極連接該第一二極體之正極;一第一電感,其一端連接該第一二極體之負極、以及該整流電路之正極輸出端;一第 二電感,其一端連接該第二二極體之負極,而另一端連接該第一二極體與第三二極體之正極;一第一電容,一端連接該第一電感,另一端則連接該第二電感以及該第一二極體與第三二極體之正極;一電子開關,一端連接該第一電感與該第一電容,另一端連接該整流電路之負極輸出端與該第二二極體之正極;一第四二極體,其正極連接該第二二極體之負極與該第二電感,而負極連接該第三二極體之負極;一第三電感,其一端電性連接至該第三二極體之負極以及該第四二極體之負極;一第二電容,其一端連接至該第三二極體之負極以及該第四二極體之負極,而另一端連接該第三電感之另一端;一第三電容,並聯連接該負載,且其一端連接該第三電感與該第二電容,而另一端連接該第二二極體之負極、該第二電感之正極以及該第四二極體之正極。
依據上述構思,本發明更提供有該主動式功因校正電路之校正方法,用以接收該整流電路輸出之直流電,並抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波,且包含有下列步驟:A.導通該電子開關,使該整流電路輸出之直流對該第一電感器充電,且該第一電容對該第二電感充電,且該第三電感、該第二電容與該第三電容對該負載釋能;B.斷開該電子開關,導通該第一二極體,使該第一電感對該第一電容釋能,且該第二電感之儲能持續傳輸至該第三電容; C.導通該第四二極體,使該第一電感持續對該第一電容釋能,且該第二電容與該第三電感對該第三電容釋能,使該第三電容供電予該負載;D.當該第一電感對該第一電容釋能完畢時,該第一二極體截止,且該第二電容與該第三電感持續對該第三電容釋能,使該第三電容供電予該負載。
藉此,透過上述之電路設計與主動式功因校正電路之校正方法,便可使該交直流轉換裝置具有提高功率因數、以及有效地抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波之效果。
為能更清楚地說明本發明,茲舉較佳實施例並配合圖示詳細說明如後。
請參閱圖2,本發明較佳實施例之交直流轉換裝置用以將一電源100之交流電轉換成直流電後,供電予一負載200。該交直流轉換裝置包含有一整流電路10、以及一主動式功因校正電路20。其中:該整流電路10與該電源100電性連接,用以將交流電轉換成直流電,且具有用以輸出直流電之一正極輸出端12以及一負極輸出端14。
該主動式功因校正電路20一側電性連接該整流電路10,另一側電性連接該負載200,用以改善功因並抑制輸出予該負 載200之電壓漣波。該主動式功因校正電路20包含有五個二極體(第一二極體D1至第五二極體D5)、三個電感(第一電感L1至第三電感L3)、三個電容(第一電容C1至第三電容C3)、以及一個電子開關SW。該等元件之連接關係如下所述:該第一二極體D1之負極連接該整流電路10之正極輸出端12。該第二二極體D2之正極連接該整流電路10之負極輸出端14。該第三二極體D3之正極連接該第一二極體D1之正極。該第一電感L1一端連接該第一二極體D1之負極、以及該整流電路10之正極輸出端12。該第二電感L2之一端連接該第二二極體D2之負極,而另一端連接該第一二極體D1與第三二極體D3之正極。該第一電容C1為一無極性電容,其一端連接該第一電感L1,而另一端則連接該第二電感L2、以及該第一二極體D1與第三二極體D3之正極。該電子開關SW一端連接該第一電感L1與該第一電容C1,另一端連接該整流電路10之負極輸出端14與該第二二極體D2之正極。該第四二極體D4之正極連接該第二二極體D2之負極與該第二電感L2,而負極連接該第三二極體D3之負極。該第五二極體D5之正極連接至該第三二極體D3之負極與該第四二極體D4之負極。該第三電感L3之一端電性連接至第四二極體D4之負極。該第二電容C2為一無極性電容,其一端連接至該第三二極體D3以及該第四二極體D4之負極,而另一端連接該第三電感L3。該第三電容C3為非電解電容,且並聯連接該負載 200,其一端連接該第三電感L3與該第二電容C2,而另一端連接該第二二極體D2之負極、該第二電感L2以及該第四二極體D4之正極。
於本實施例中,該等電容C1~C3、該等電感L1~L3、輸入電壓、輸出電壓、電子開關切換頻率以及該負載200之電阻如下表所示:
藉此,透過上述結構設計與規格,該主動式功因校正電路20接收該整流電路10輸出之直流電後,利用校正功因之作動方法,便可效地提升功因並抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波,其包含有下列步驟:
A.請參閱圖3,導通該電子開關SW,使該整流電路10輸出 之直流對該第一電感器L1充電,且該第一電容C1對該第二電感L2充電,且該第三電感L3、該第二電容C2與該第三電容C3對該負載200釋能。
B.請參閱圖4,斷開該電子開關SW,以導通該第一二極體D1,使該第一電感L1對該第一電容C1釋能,且該第二電感L2透過該第二電容C2與該第三電感L3形成之共振電路,將其儲能持續傳輸至該第三電容C3,使該第三電容C3供電予負載200,且此時該第二電容C2之跨壓極性反轉。
C.請參閱圖5,當該第三電感L3之跨壓大於該第三電容C3之跨壓時,該第四二極體D4導通,使該第二電容C2、該第三電感L3與第三電容C3之跨壓相等,並使該第二電容C2與該第三電感L3對該第三電容C3釋能,使該第三電容C3供電予該負載200。另外,該第一電感L1持續對該第一電容C1釋能。
D.請參閱圖6,當該第一電感L1對該第一電容C1釋能完畢時,該第一二極體D1截止,且該第二電容C2與該第三電感L3持續對該第三電容C3釋能,使該第三電容C3能持續供電予該負載200。
每執行一次步驟A至步驟D便完成一次週期之作動。是以,在該交直流轉換裝置持續作動之情況下,於步驟D後,便重複執行步驟A至步驟D,直至該交直流轉換裝置停止作 動。
如此一來,請參閱圖7,於本實施例中,輸出為12V時,其高頻漣波約為0.9V而已。換言之,透過上述結構與方法之設計,除可達到習用電路提升功因之效果外,利用該第三電感L3同時做為儲能與濾波之電路結構設計,更能抑制每次輸入能量增加時(即該電子開關SW導通時)造成的輸出電壓漣波。另外,透過該主動式之電子開關SW的切換,以及第三電感L3與該第二電容C2共振之設計,便可將第二電容C2之電壓儲能轉換成電感電流,且可將該第二電容C2跨壓的極性反轉,進而改變該第四二極體D4導通前後之整體電路結構,藉以抑制因停止輸入能量時(即該電子開關SW斷開時)所造成之輸出電壓漣波。
再者,該第五二極體D5之設計更可有效地防止該負載200附近的電路產生電路回流,進而使得整體電路更加地穩定,藉以提升該交直流轉換裝置提升功因與抑制漣波之效果。當然,在實際實施上,即使不使用該第五二極體D5仍可達到抑制漣波之目的。又,以上所述僅為本發明較佳可行實施例而已,舉凡應用本發明說明書及申請專利範圍所為等效結構與方法之變化,理應包含在本發明之專利範圍內。
10‧‧‧整流電路
12‧‧‧正極輸出端
14‧‧‧負極輸出端
20‧‧‧主動式功因校正電路
D1~D5‧‧‧二極體
L1~L3‧‧‧電感
C1~C3‧‧‧電容
SW‧‧‧電子開關
100‧‧‧電源
200‧‧‧負載
300‧‧‧整流電路
400‧‧‧負載
C‧‧‧輸出電容
圖1為習用交直流轉換裝置的電路圖;圖2為本發明較佳實施例之交直流轉換裝置的電路圖;圖3至圖6為各步驟之等效電路圖;圖7為輸出電壓與電流之波型圖。
10‧‧‧整流電路
12‧‧‧正極輸出端
14‧‧‧負極輸出端
20‧‧‧主動式功因校正電路
D1~D5‧‧‧二極體
L1~L3‧‧‧電感
C1~C3‧‧‧電容
SW‧‧‧電子開關
100‧‧‧電源
200‧‧‧負載

Claims (10)

  1. 一種交直流轉換裝置,用以將一電源之交流電轉換成直流電後,供電予一負載;該交直流轉換裝置包含有:一整流電路,與該電源電性連接,用以將交流電轉換成直流電,且具有用以輸出直流電之一正極輸出端以及一負極輸出端;以及一主動式功因校正電路,一側電性連接該整流電路,另一側電性連接該負載,用以抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波,且包含有:一第一二極體,其負極連接該整流電路之正極輸出端;一第二二極體,其正極連接該整流電路之負極輸出端;一第三二極體,其正極連接該第一二極體之正極;一第一電感,其一端連接該第一二極體之負極、以及該整流電路之正極輸出端;一第二電感,其一端連接該第二二極體之負極,而另一端連接該第一二極體與第三二極體之正極;一第一電容,一端連接該第一電感,另一端則連接該第二電感、以及該第一二極體與第三二極體之正極;一電子開關,一端連接該第一電感與該第一電容,另一端連接該整流電路之負極輸出端與該第二二極體之正極;一第四二極體,其正極連接該第二二極體之負極與該第二電感,而負極連接該第三二極體之負極;一第三電感,其一端電性連接至該第三二極體之負極以及 該第四二極體之負極;一第二電容,其一端連接至該第三二極體之負極以及該第四二極體之負極,而另一端連接該第三電感;一第三電容,並聯連接該負載,且其一端連接該第三電感與該第二電容,而另一端連接該第二二極體之負極、該第二電感以及該第四二極體之正極。
  2. 如請求項1所述之交直流轉換裝置,其中,該主動式功因校正電路之該第三電感係透過一第五二極體電性連接至該第三二極體之負極以及該第四二極體之負極;該第五二極體之正極連接該第三二極體之負極以及該第四二極體之負極,而負極連接該第三電感。
  3. 如請求項1所述之交直流轉換裝置,其中,該第一電容為無極性電容。
  4. 如請求項1所述之交直流轉換裝置,其中,該第二電容為無極性電容。
  5. 如請求項1所述之交直流轉換裝置,其中,該第三電容為非電解電容。
  6. 一種如請求項1所述之主動式功因校正電路之校正方法,用以接收該整流電路輸出之直流電,並抑制輸出予負載之電壓漣波,且包含有下列步驟:A.導通該電子開關,使該整流電路輸出之直流對該第一電感器充電,且該第一電容對該第二電感充電,而該第三電感、 該第二電容與該第三電容對該負載釋能;B.斷開該電子開關,導通該第一二極體,使該第一電感對該第一電容釋能,且該第二電感之儲能持續傳輸至該第三電容;C.導通該第四二極體,使該第二電容與該第三電感對該第三電容釋能,使該第三電容供電予該負載;D.當該第一電感對該第一電容釋能完畢時,該第一二極體截止,且該第二電容與該第三電感持續對該第三電容釋能,使該第三電容供電予該負載。
  7. 如請求項6所述之校正方法,其中,於步驟D後,更包含有重複執行步驟A至步驟D之步驟。
  8. 如請求項6所述之校正方法,其中,於步驟B中,該第二電感係透過該第二電容與該第三電感形成之共振電路,將其儲能傳導至該第三電容。
  9. 如請求項6所述之校正方法,其中,於步驟C中,當該第三電感之跨壓大於該第三電容之跨壓時,該第四二極體導通。
  10. 如請求項6所述之校正方法,其中,於步驟C中,該第一電感持續對該第一電容釋能。
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