Claims (13)
一種負回授電路，包括：運算放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間；以及第二開關，連接在該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端之間，在該第一開關關閉期間，俾將該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端彼此短路；其中，在該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該運算放大器的正輸入端的電壓。
A negative feedback circuit includes: an operational amplifier having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal; a first switch connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier; and a second switch, Connected between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier, during which the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier are short-circuited to each other; wherein, at the positive input end of the operational amplifier During the short circuit of the negative input terminal, the voltage at the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is converted.
一種負回授電路的可靠度提高方法，該負回授電路包含運算放大器具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端，該可靠度提高方法包括下列步驟：切斷該運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間的回授路徑；在該回授路徑切斷期間，短路該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端；以及在該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該運算放大器的正輸入端的電壓。
A method for improving reliability of a negative feedback circuit, the negative feedback circuit comprising an operational amplifier having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, the reliability improvement method comprising the steps of: cutting off the negative of the operational amplifier a feedback path between the input end and the output end; shorting the positive input terminal and the negative input end of the operational amplifier during the cutoff of the feedback path; and during a short circuit between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier Transform the voltage at the positive input of the op amp.
一種負回授電路，包括：運算放大器，具有多個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間；以及
多個第二開關的組合，連接該第一運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端，在該第一開關關閉期間，將該第一運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起；其中，在該運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該運算放大器的多個正輸入端的電壓。
A negative feedback circuit includes: an operational amplifier having a plurality of positive inputs, a negative input, and an output; a first switch coupled between the negative input and the output of the operational amplifier;
a combination of a plurality of second switches connected to the plurality of positive input terminals and negative input terminals of the first operational amplifier, wherein the plurality of positive input terminals and negative input terminals of the first operational amplifier are all closed during the first switch off period Short-circuited together; wherein the voltages of the plurality of positive input terminals of the operational amplifier are converted during short-circuiting of the plurality of positive input terminals and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier.
一種負回授電路的可靠度提高方法，該負回授電路包含運算放大器具有多個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端，該可靠度提高方法包括下列步驟：切斷該運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間的回授路徑；在該回授路徑切斷期間，短路該運算放大器的負輸入端及多個正輸入端；以及在該運算放大器的負輸入端及多個正輸入端短路期間，變換該運算放大器的正輸入端的電壓。
A method for improving reliability of a negative feedback circuit, the negative feedback circuit comprising an operational amplifier having a plurality of positive input terminals, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, the reliability improvement method comprising the steps of: cutting off the operational amplifier a feedback path between the negative input terminal and the output terminal; shorting the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier and the plurality of positive input terminals during the cutting off of the feedback path; and a negative input terminal and a plurality of positive terminals of the operational amplifier During the short circuit of the input, the voltage at the positive input of the operational amplifier is converted.
一種源極驅動器，可操作於正常工作模式或極性轉換模式，該源極驅動器包括：第一負回授電路，包含：第一運算放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該第一運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間，在從該正常工作模式切換到該極性轉換模式或從該極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間關閉一段時間，俾切斷該第一運算放大器的回授路徑；以及
第二開關，連接在該第一運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端之間，在該第一開關關閉期間開啟一段時間，俾將該第一運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端彼此短路，其中在該第一運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該第一運算放大器的正輸入端的電壓；第二負回授電路，包含：第二運算放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第三開關，連接在該第二運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間，在該轉態期間關閉一段時間，俾切斷該第二運算放大器的回授路徑；以及第四開關，連接在該第二運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端之間，在該第三開關關閉期間開啟一段時間，俾將該第二運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端彼此短路，其中在該第二運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該第二運算放大器的正輸入端的電壓；以及第五開關，連接在該第一運算放大器的正輸入端及該第二運算放大器的正輸入端之間，在該第一及第三開關關閉而第二及第四開關開啟期間開啟一段時間，俾將該第一運算放大器的正輸入端及該第二運算放大器的正輸入端彼此短路。
A source driver operable in a normal operation mode or a polarity conversion mode, the source driver comprising: a first negative feedback circuit comprising: a first operational amplifier having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal a first switch connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, during switching from the normal operating mode to the polarity switching mode or from the polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode Turning off for a period of time, 俾 cutting off the feedback path of the first operational amplifier;
a second switch is connected between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier, is turned on for a period of time during the first switch off period, and shorts the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier Transducing a voltage of a positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier during a short circuit between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a second negative feedback circuit comprising: a second operational amplifier having a positive input terminal a negative input terminal and an output terminal; the third switch is connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, and is turned off for a period of time during the transition state, and the second operational amplifier is turned off. And a fourth switch connected between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the second operational amplifier, and turned on for a period of time during the third switch off period, and the positive input terminal and the negative terminal of the second operational amplifier The input terminals are shorted to each other, wherein during the short circuit of the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the second operational amplifier, the voltage of the positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier is converted; And a fifth switch connected between the positive input end of the first operational amplifier and the positive input end of the second operational amplifier, and is turned on for a period of time when the first and third switches are turned off and the second and fourth switches are turned on The positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier are short-circuited to each other.
一種源極驅動器，可操作於正常工作模式或極性轉換模式，
該源極驅動器包括：負回授電路，包含：運算放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間，在從該正常工作模式切換到該極性轉換模式或從該極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間關閉一段時間，俾切斷該運算放大器的回授路徑；以及第二開關，連接在該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端之間，在該第一開關關閉期間開啟一段時間，俾將該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端彼此短路；其中，在該運算放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該運算放大器的正輸入端的電壓。
A source driver that operates in a normal operating mode or a polarity switching mode.
The source driver comprises: a negative feedback circuit comprising: an operational amplifier having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal; the first switch being connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier, Turning off a period of time during switching from the normal operating mode to the polarity switching mode or switching from the polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode, the switching path of the operational amplifier is turned off; and the second switch is connected A positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier are turned on for a period of time during the first switch off period, and the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier are short-circuited to each other; wherein, the positive input of the operational amplifier is During the short circuit between the terminal and the negative input, the voltage at the positive input of the operational amplifier is converted.
一種源極驅動器，可操作於正常工作模式或極性轉換模式，該源極驅動器包括：第一負回授電路，包含：第一運算放大器，具有多個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該第一運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間，在從該正常工作模式切換到該極性轉換模式或從該極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間關閉一段時間，俾切斷該第一運算
放大器的回授路徑；以及多個第二開關的組合，連接該第一運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端，在該第一開關關閉期間將該第一運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起一段時間，其中在該第一運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起的期間，變換該第一運算放大器的多個正輸入端的電壓；第二負回授電路，包含：第二運算放大器，具有多個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第三開關，連接在該第二運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間，在該轉態期間關閉一段時間，俾切斷該第二運算放大器的回授路徑；以及多個第四開關的組合，連接該第二運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端，在該第三開關關閉期間將該第二運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起一段時間，其中在該第二運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起的期間，變換該第二運算放大器的多個正輸入端的電壓；以及第五開關，連接在該第一運算放大器的任一正輸入端及該第二運算放大器的任一正輸入端之間，在該第一及第三開關關閉而多個第二及第四開關開啟期間開啟一
段時間，俾將該第一運算放大器的任一正輸入端及該第二運算放大器的任一正輸入端彼此短路。
A source driver operable in a normal operation mode or a polarity conversion mode, the source driver comprising: a first negative feedback circuit comprising: a first operational amplifier having a plurality of positive inputs, a negative input, and an output a first switch connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, and switching from the normal operating mode to the polarity switching mode or switching from the polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode During the period of time, the first operation is cut off.
a feedback path of the amplifier; and a combination of the plurality of second switches connected to the plurality of positive input terminals and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the plurality of positive inputs of the first operational amplifier are turned off during the first switch off period The terminal and the negative input terminal are all short-circuited together for a period of time, wherein during the period in which the plurality of positive input terminals and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier are all short-circuited together, the voltages of the plurality of positive input terminals of the first operational amplifier are converted; The second negative feedback circuit comprises: a second operational amplifier having a plurality of positive input terminals, a negative input terminal and an output terminal; and a third switch connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier Turning off for a period of time during the transition state, cutting off the feedback path of the second operational amplifier; and combining the plurality of fourth switches, connecting the plurality of positive input terminals and the negative input terminal of the second operational amplifier The plurality of positive input terminals and negative input terminals of the second operational amplifier are all short-circuited together for a period of time during the closing of the third switch, wherein the plurality of second operational amplifiers Converting the voltages of the plurality of positive input terminals of the second operational amplifier during the short circuit of the input terminal and the negative input terminal; and connecting the fifth switch to any positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the second operation Between any positive input of the amplifier, the first and third switches are turned off and the plurality of second and fourth switches are turned on
During a period of time, any positive input of the first operational amplifier and any positive input of the second operational amplifier are shorted to each other.
一種源極驅動器，可操作於正常工作模式或極性轉換模式，該源極驅動器包括：負回授電路，包含：運算放大器，具有多個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該運算放大器的負輸入端及輸出端之間，在從該正常工作模式切換到該極性轉換模式或從該極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間關閉一段時間，俾切斷該運算放大器的回授路徑；以及多個第二開關的組合，連接該運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端，在該第一開關關閉期間將該運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起一段時間；其中，在該運算放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起的期間，變換該運算放大器的多個正輸入端的電壓。
A source driver operable in a normal operation mode or a polarity conversion mode, the source driver comprising: a negative feedback circuit comprising: an operational amplifier having a plurality of positive inputs, a negative input, and an output; a switch connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and is turned off for a period of time during switching from the normal operation mode to the polarity switching mode or from the polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode transition state, Cutting off the feedback path of the operational amplifier; and combining a plurality of second switches, connecting a plurality of positive input terminals and negative input terminals of the operational amplifier, and inputting a plurality of positive inputs of the operational amplifier during the closing of the first switch The terminal and the negative input are all short-circuited together for a period of time; wherein the voltages of the plurality of positive input terminals of the operational amplifier are converted while the plurality of positive input terminals and negative input terminals of the operational amplifier are all short-circuited together.
一種源極驅動器的控制方法，該源極驅動器包含第一運算放大器及第二運算放大器，該控制方法包括下列步驟：在從正常工作模式切換到極性轉換模式或極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間，切斷該第一運算放大器與第二運算放大器的回授路徑，將該第一運算
放大器的全部輸入端短路及將該第二運算放大器的全部輸入端短路；在該第一運算放大器的全部輸入端短路期間，變換該第一運算放大器的輸入端的電壓；在該第二運算放大器的全部輸入端短路期間，變換該第二運算放大器的輸入端的電壓；以及在該第一運算放大器的全部輸入端短路及該第二運算放大器的全部輸入端短路期間，將該第一運算放大器的其中一個輸入端與該第二運算放大器的其中一個輸入端短路。
A method of controlling a source driver, the source driver comprising a first operational amplifier and a second operational amplifier, the control method comprising the steps of: switching from a normal operating mode to a polarity switching mode or a polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode During the transition state, the feedback path of the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier is cut off, and the first operation is performed
Shorting all of the input terminals of the amplifier and shorting all of the inputs of the second operational amplifier; during the short circuit of all inputs of the first operational amplifier, converting the voltage at the input of the first operational amplifier; at the second operational amplifier Transforming the voltage of the input terminal of the second operational amplifier during short circuit of all the input terminals; and during the short circuit of all the input terminals of the first operational amplifier and the short circuit of all the input terminals of the second operational amplifier, the first operational amplifier is An input is shorted to one of the inputs of the second operational amplifier.
一種源極驅動器的控制方法，該源極驅動器包含運算放大器，該控制方法包括下列步驟：在從正常工作模式切換到極性轉換模式或極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間，切斷該運算放大器的回授路徑；以及在該回授路徑被切斷期間，將該運算放大器的全部輸入端短路一段時間；其中，在該運算放大器的全部輸入端短路期間，變換該運算放大器的輸入端的電壓。
A method of controlling a source driver, the source driver comprising an operational amplifier, the control method comprising the steps of: cutting off during a transition from a normal operating mode to a polarity switching mode or a polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode a feedback path of the operational amplifier; and shorting all inputs of the operational amplifier for a period of time during which the feedback path is cut; wherein the input of the operational amplifier is converted during a short circuit of all inputs of the operational amplifier The voltage at the end.
一種源極驅動器，可操作於正常工作模式或極性轉換模式，該源極驅動器包括：第一輸入放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一輸出緩衝器，具有一個輸入端及一個輸出端；
第一開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；第二開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端之間；第三開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的輸出端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；第二輸入放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第二輸出緩衝器，具有一個輸入端及一個輸出端；第四開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；第五開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端之間；第六開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的輸出端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；第七開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；第八開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；第九開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的輸出端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；以及第十開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的輸出端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；其中，在該第一輸入放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期
間，變換該第一輸入放大器的正輸入端的電壓，以及在該第二輸入放大器的正輸入端及負輸入端短路期間，變換該第二輸入放大器的正輸入端的電壓。
A source driver operable in a normal operation mode or a polarity conversion mode, the source driver comprising: a first input amplifier having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal; and a first output buffer having a Input and an output;
a first switch connected between the negative input terminal of the first input amplifier and the output end of the first output buffer; a second switch connected between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first input amplifier; a third switch connected between the output of the first input amplifier and the input of the first output buffer; the second input amplifier having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal; the second output a buffer having an input and an output; a fourth switch coupled between the negative input of the second input amplifier and the output of the second output buffer; and a fifth switch coupled to the second input a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal; a sixth switch connected between the output terminal of the second input amplifier and the input end of the second output buffer; and a seventh switch connected to the first input amplifier Between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the second output buffer; an eighth switch connected between the negative input terminal of the second input amplifier and the output end of the first output buffer; Connected between the output of the first input amplifier and the input of the second output buffer; and a tenth switch connected to the output of the second input amplifier and the input of the first output buffer The short-circuit period between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first input amplifier
And converting a voltage of the positive input terminal of the first input amplifier and a voltage of the positive input terminal of the second input amplifier during a short circuit between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the second input amplifier.
一種源極驅動器，可操作於正常工作模式或極性轉換模式，該源極驅動器包括：第一輸入放大器，具有多個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第一輸出緩衝器，具有一個輸入端及一個輸出端；第一開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；多個第二開關的組合，連接該第一輸入放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端；第三開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的輸出端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；第二輸入放大器，具有一個正輸入端、一個負輸入端及一個輸出端；第二輸出緩衝器，具有一個輸入端及一個輸出端；第四開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；多個第五開關的組合，連接該第二輸入放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端；第六開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的輸出端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；第七開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第二
輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；第八開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的負輸入端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸出端之間；第九開關，連接在該第一輸入放大器的輸出端及該第二輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；以及第十開關，連接在該第二輸入放大器的輸出端及該第一輸出緩衝器的輸入端之間；其中，在該第一輸入放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起的期間，變換該第一輸入放大器的多個正輸入端的電壓，以及在該第二輸入放大器的多個正輸入端及負輸入端全部短路在一起的期間，變換該第二輸入放大器的多個正輸入端的電壓。
A source driver operable in a normal operating mode or a polarity switching mode, the source driver comprising: a first input amplifier having a plurality of positive inputs, a negative input, and an output; a first output buffer having An input terminal and an output terminal; a first switch connected between the negative input terminal of the first input amplifier and an output end of the first output buffer; a combination of a plurality of second switches connected to the first input amplifier a plurality of positive input terminals and a negative input terminal; a third switch connected between the output end of the first input amplifier and the input end of the first output buffer; and a second input amplifier having a positive input end and a a negative input terminal and an output terminal; a second output buffer having an input terminal and an output terminal; and a fourth switch connected between the negative input terminal of the second input amplifier and the output terminal of the second output buffer a combination of a plurality of fifth switches connected to the plurality of positive input terminals and negative input terminals of the second input amplifier; and a sixth switch connected to the input of the second input amplifier Between the input terminal and the second terminal of the output buffer; a seventh switch connected in the first amplifier input and a negative input of the second
Between the output of the output buffer; an eighth switch coupled between the negative input of the second input amplifier and the output of the first output buffer; and a ninth switch coupled to the output of the first input amplifier And between the input of the second output buffer; and a tenth switch connected between the output of the second input amplifier and the input of the first output buffer; wherein, the first input amplifier During a period in which all of the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal are short-circuited together, the voltages of the plurality of positive input terminals of the first input amplifier are converted, and all of the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the second input amplifier are short-circuited. During the period of time, the voltages of the plurality of positive inputs of the second input amplifier are transformed.
一種源極驅動器的控制方法，該源極驅動器包含第一輸入放大器、第一輸出緩衝器、第二輸入放大器及第二輸出緩衝器，該控制方法包括下列步驟：在正常工作模式期間，連接該第一輸入放大器及第一輸出緩衝器，俾建立第一負回授電路，且連接該第二輸入放大器及第二輸出緩衝器，俾建立第二負回授電路；在極性轉換模式期間，連接該第一輸入放大器及第二輸出緩衝器，俾建立第三負回授電路，且連接該第二輸入放大器及第一輸出緩衝器，俾建立第四負回授電路；在從該正常工作模式切換到該極性轉換模式之轉態期間，切斷該第一輸入放大器及第一輸出緩衝器之間的連接，且切斷該第二輸入放大器及第二輸出緩衝器之
間的連接，將該第一輸入放大器的全部輸入端短路及將該第二輸入放大器的全部輸入端短路；在從該極性轉換模式切換到該正常工作模式之轉態期間，切斷該第一輸入放大器及第二輸出緩衝器之間的連接，且切斷該第二輸入放大器及第一輸出緩衝器之間的連接，將該第一輸入放大器的全部輸入端短路及將該第二輸入放大器的全部輸入端短路；在該第一輸入放大器的全部輸入端短路期間，變換該第一輸入放大器的輸入端的電壓；以及在該第二輸入放大器的全部輸入端短路期間，變換該第二輸入放大器的輸入端的電壓。A method of controlling a source driver, the source driver comprising a first input amplifier, a first output buffer, a second input amplifier, and a second output buffer, the control method comprising the steps of: connecting the normal operation mode a first input amplifier and a first output buffer, 俾 establishing a first negative feedback circuit, and connecting the second input amplifier and the second output buffer to establish a second negative feedback circuit; during the polarity switching mode, connecting The first input amplifier and the second output buffer 俾 establish a third negative feedback circuit, and connect the second input amplifier and the first output buffer to establish a fourth negative feedback circuit; Switching to the transition state of the polarity switching mode, cutting off the connection between the first input amplifier and the first output buffer, and cutting off the second input amplifier and the second output buffer
Interconnection, shorting all inputs of the first input amplifier and shorting all inputs of the second input amplifier; cutting off the first during the transition from the polarity switching mode to the normal operating mode a connection between the input amplifier and the second output buffer, and disconnecting the connection between the second input amplifier and the first output buffer, shorting all inputs of the first input amplifier and the second input amplifier Shorting all of the input terminals; converting the voltage at the input of the first input amplifier during shorting of all inputs of the first input amplifier; and converting the second input amplifier during shorting of all inputs of the second input amplifier The voltage at the input.