TWI449742B - 一種包含有益添加物之生態環保組合物 - Google Patents
一種包含有益添加物之生態環保組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI449742B TWI449742B TW099110647A TW99110647A TWI449742B TW I449742 B TWI449742 B TW I449742B TW 099110647 A TW099110647 A TW 099110647A TW 99110647 A TW99110647 A TW 99110647A TW I449742 B TWI449742 B TW I449742B
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- composition
- metal
- group
- starch
- oxide
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 title 1
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種環保組合物,特別係一種包含有益添加劑的環保組合物。
為解決傳統的可拋棄式食物容器所造成環境問題,通常採用以澱粉為基質(以下稱澱粉基)製造的可拋棄式產品,例如包裝容器、托盤、餐盤以及碗盤。因此,提升此種材料的性質,使其能應用於如餐飲業等領域,係存在其必要性。
據此,提出一種改良系統,其可生產具有環保功能的可拋棄式包裝成品,適於作為各種不同形式的容器、托盤、餐盤及碗盤使用,已成為當前重要的課題之一。
本發明實施例為一種組合物,包括水、一澱粉成分、一天然纖維成分、一或多個添加劑、一脫膜劑、一調味劑、一色素、及/或蠟乳劑、蛋白質或其他天然高分子化合物。其中添加劑可加強組合物之部分性質,例如熱傳導性、抗菌性、抗氧化力或保存期,且天然高分子化合物,可調整組合物之性質,藉以符合各種應用領域。
以下將列舉數個實施例,藉以說明依據本發明之一種用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物。
本發明之一實施例,為提供一種可食用性包裝材料,其強度遠高於標準的冰淇淋筒之組成成分,且在烤箱或微波爐環境中亦可維持功能。依據本實施例之可預期的代表性應用項目包括較硬的冰淇淋筒、派皮、鬆餅杯模、熱狗包裝容器、糖果盤、冰淇淋托盤、餅乾包裝容器以及甜點托盤。此外,藉由在托盤外包覆可食用且兼具防水功能的塗料,可製作防水能力佳的產品。另外,若食物需長期保存,必須要藉由隔絕物以阻絕濕氣及氧氣,習知的塗料紙或塑膠薄膜材料皆可作為隔絕材料,並輔以具剛性、可食用、可堆肥且生物可分解的內裡塗料,以包裝和保護食材。
依據本發明實施例,亦可用於製造寵物食物的容器。此些容器不僅可食用,亦不會對寵物的牙齒造成傷害(不同於多數習知的包裝材料)。此種新穎的寵物可食用包裝可調味成寵物的飯後甜點,或是作為飼料的一部份。此外,當寵物在消化此種寵物食物包裝時,不僅可作為額外的膳食纖維來源,亦可同時減少寵物食物包裝材料的總量,降低目前送往掩埋場的垃圾量,並增加寵物食物傳遞的整體效率。
在本發明之一實施例中,用於製造可食用之包裝成品(例如容器、碟盤、托盤、碗盤、甜筒、杯子以及其他新穎形狀者)的組成成分包括水、一澱粉成分、一可選擇性添加的天然纖維成分、可選擇性添加的蛋白質及天然高分子化合物、可選擇性添加的蠟乳劑、一可選擇性添加的脫模劑、以及一可選擇性添加的食用色素及/或食用調味劑。其中,添加天然纖維成分的作用,一方面可在烘烤製造的成品中擔任結構性元素(在各種尺寸中),一方面又為便宜的有機物,可取代成品中的無機填充物。另外,在普通的乾燥成品中添加蛋白質及天然高分子化合物,可以解決此類為用於乾燥環境下而生產的物品,在製造後容易碎裂的問題,同時亦可避免成品在製成後隨即發生破裂的情況。添加蠟乳劑可提升成品的耐水性。添加脫模劑可減少烘烤物與模具系統間的附著力。至於,添加食用色素及/或食用調味劑可提高成品的感官訴求。
在本發明另一實施例中,上述組合物可更包括添加劑,以改善組合物的各種性質,例如熱傳導性、抗氧化性質、保存期限以及抗菌或抗微生物能力。
使用的澱粉成分可包含,但不侷限於源自植物的澱粉,其來源係指如植物的塊莖、根、種子及/或果實,特別係指源自例如玉米、馬鈴薯、木薯、稻米、小麥或其他相似物。雖然使用的澱粉成分以源自植物者為佳,但亦可包括源自動物的澱粉成分,例如肝糖。再者,澱粉成分較佳是同時含有預糊化澱粉以及生澱粉。又,在組成成分中,預糊化澱粉之含量是介於澱粉成分總重量之0%至30%,且較佳為介於澱粉成分總重量之3%至20%,最佳為介於5%至15%。澱粉成分可包括食用澱粉(預糊化或生澱粉),以提升產品在接觸含有汁液的食物時的抗軟化能力。其中,此食用澱粉是已先經過交聯化、穩定化或添加親脂性官能基處理者。
在本發明部分實施例中,蛋白質及天然高分子化合物可包含,但不侷限於,酪蛋白製備物、分離或濃縮大豆蛋白製備物或其他相似的製備物。此類製備物可以透過下述三步驟進行製備。第一步驟,依照一般生產建議事項所述,於水中加熱酪蛋白或分離大豆蛋白溶液(約佔水重量的10%)(作法通常是以浸泡的方式水化蛋白質,其次再逐步將溫度及pH值提高到180℉以及pH=9 to 9.5,最後將溶液在180℉下保持15分鐘);第二步驟,冷卻製備物到室溫;以及,第三步驟,選擇性地添加防腐劑且充分混合。在製備物中,較佳的防腐劑濃度是約莫或小於0.1%,取決於蛋白質溶液的保存期、成品中所含的蛋白質濃度以及政府對可食用材料中所含防腐化合物劑量之規定。
其他蛋白質亦可與酪蛋白或大豆蛋白製備物共同或分別使用,以提升所製成之容器的耐水性。舉例而言,此類蛋白質可包括蛋清、明膠或其他相似物。
許多天然纖維成分可在烘烤之成品中擔任結構性元素(在許多尺寸之成品中)及/或便宜的有機填充物。纖維成分可同時用於控制糊狀物的成型性質,以及提升成品在供餐飲服務使用時的結構穩定性。雖然在組成成分中所使用的纖維長度及長徑比皆有連續性,但一般而言,在組成成分中的纖維部分可區分為三類(依據纖維長度),其分別具有不同功能。
長或極長(約介於或大於4至25mm)的纖維或複合纖維成分可用於形成網狀物,利於避免組成成分在模具中膨脹而形成糊狀物時,產生缺陷。中等長度的纖維(約0.5至5mm)亦有利於控制糊狀物的流動性質,另外,亦可增加成品在裝盛食物時的硬度,避免於處理中或正常使用中發生碎裂。另外,短纖維(短於0.5mm)主要用於將生物可迅速分解性的物質導入組成成分中。換言之,耐水性較澱粉基質更佳的填充物質即含有短纖維。(即便各式纖維皆能提供此功能,但中等長度、長及極長纖維還另外提供組成成分中必要的強度、成型、處理及使用性質。然而,需說明的是,添加短纖維成分主要仍是為提升成品中的耐水性。)
短纖維可選擇性地與其他具有相同功效的填充物質共同使用,或以其取代之。填充物及/或短纖維之含量約可介於組合成分乾重量之0%至25%、約可介於組合成分乾重量之2.5%至20%、約可介於組合成分乾重量之5%至15%、約可介於組合成分乾重量之5%至20%、或約可介於組合成分乾重量之7%至17%。
在本發明實施例的一觀點中,有機填充物質可包括經研磨的核桃殼。經研磨的核桃殼會形成具有短纖維的纖維膜。經研磨的核桃殼可單獨用作為有機填充物或可與其他填充物質共同使用。當單獨使用時,經研磨的核桃殼之含量較佳是約為乾重量的8%。其他短纖維物質包括經研磨的木材、研磨成粉狀的纖維素(取自多種來源)、經研磨的紙漿、經研磨的稻殼、經研磨的椰子殼、穀殼、以及其他相似物。較佳的有機填充物為不含有主要過敏性蛋白者。
組成成分中一般包括取自多種來源的纖維。其中,取自草或蘆葦之相對高品質的纖維含有中等長度的纖維,其對成品的結構穩定性及彈性貢獻最多。由長至極長之纖維,或複合纖維可取自輕度加工的農作物副產品,例如已經由切碎、研磨或磨坊加工至適當尺寸的莖桿或穀殼物質。利用適當的處理方式(例如錘式研磨),此類物質亦可提供一定量的極短纖維,其用於取代澱粉成分以及提升成品的耐水性。取自經研磨的堅果殼中的纖維物質(或其他非常堅硬且富含木質素的植物物質)亦可作為相對耐水性且生物可分解性之有機纖維,以取代習知的填充物質。
再者,適於在澱粉基之食物包裝產品中擔任結構元素的纖維亦可輕易地取自於其他來源。例如,由某些生長快速的植物中取得纖維,所造成的環境影響遠小於由樹木中取得,此類植物可廣泛地稱作草類或蘆葦類(如洋麻、竹子等)。在目前的纖維產業中,利用此類植物已成為一項發展相當快速的領域。在許多情況下,取自此些植物所得的纖維,其品質及一致性皆與取自木質紙漿者無異。此外,亦可由農作物的副產品中大量取得纖維。例如穀物的莖、桿以及穀殼皆是取得容易且成本低廉的纖維來源,即便其品質不如取自木材或較佳草類物種的纖維,但是由於來源為農作物副產品,故可實質上地降低對環境的不良影響(由於對環境的影響是發生在種植主要作物上)。
在本發明中,組成成分的纖維物質,不論在纖維長度或纖維長徑比,其運用上皆具有相當大的彈性。然而,纖維物質較佳的平均纖維長度是短於2mm,而平均長徑比範圍較佳約是介於5:1至25:1。
在本發明部分實施例中,添加劑可單獨使用或與其他物質共同使用而添加入如上所述之組合物中或如美國專利申請案第10/928,602號、美國專利申請案第11/285,508號、或美國專利申請案第12/168,049號所揭露的組合物中。其中,美國專利申請案第10/928,602號是於2004年8月26申請,美國專利申請案第11/285,508號是於2005年11月21申請,而美國專利申請案第12/168,049號是於2008年7月3申請,在此併入上述申請案做為參考。組合物可經過修飾以保留所需的特定性質,例如黏性。組成成分的修飾方式例如增加水分,或減少填充物而改以增加上述其他所需之添加劑。添加劑包含,但不局限於,金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬硫化物、碳素物質以及防腐劑。添加劑可以是或不是生物可分解性、可堆肥的或可食用的物質,且能夠以多種型式的方式添加,例如薄片、粉狀、膠狀、溶液或其他適合的型式。
根據成品中所含的特定添加劑及所需的性質,一或多種添加劑的含量約可介於組合物乾重量之0%至25%、約可介於組合物乾重量之2.5%至20%、約可介於組合物乾重量之5%至15%、約可介於組合物乾重量之5%至20%、約可介於組合物乾重量之7%至17%、或約可為組合物乾重量之10%。
在本發明部分實施例中,加入添加劑是用以加強組合物的熱傳導能力。可加強熱傳導能力的添加劑例如鋁(Al)、鐵(Fe)、銅(Cu)、鈷(Co)、錳(Mn)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、鎢(W)、鋅(Zn)、鋯(Zr)、鉬(Mo)、釩(V)及上述金屬的氧化物。在本發明部分實施例中,金屬氧化物可包括三氧化二鋁(Al2
O3
)、四氧化三鐵(Fe3
O4
)、三氧化二鐵(Fe2
O3
)、氧化銅(CuO)、包括三氧化二鈷(Co2
O3
)的鈷氧化物、包括氧化鎳(NiO)的鎳氧化物、包括氧化錳(MnO2
)的錳氧化物、以及包括三氧化鎢(WO3
)的鎢氧化物。
在本發明部分實施例中,添加的金屬或金屬氧化物之含量約可介於2%至12%。其他可加強熱傳導能力的添加劑為金屬硫化物,包括黃鐵礦(FeS)、方鉛礦(PbS)、黃銅礦(CuFeS2
)、輝銅礦(Cu2
S)、以及包括硫化銀(Ag2
S)的其他金屬硫化物。又,添加劑可為碳素物質或奈米物質,例如碳黑(carbon black)、石墨、石墨烯、碳纖維以及碳奈米管。而導電性的添加劑亦可用於提升產品製成後的靜電消散及電磁屏障性質。
部分可加強熱傳導性質及/或可作為微波加熱時支撐使用的添加劑,尤其適合於微波方面的應用,此類添加劑包括金屬氧化物及金屬硫化物。其中,金屬氧化物例如氧化鎳、氧化錳、三氧化二鈷、氧化銅、三氧化鎢以及四氧化三鐵,而金屬硫化物包括天然礦物,例如黃鐵礦、方鉛礦、黃銅礦、輝銅礦以及其他物質,例如硫化銀。當然,金屬本身亦可用於加強熱傳導性質,其包括鋁、鈷、銅、鐵、錳、鋅、鋯、鉬以及釩。
出乎意料地,組合成分中加入金屬添加劑並不會在微波時引起火花或其他不良效果。不侷限於特定理論,一般認為係由於金屬添加劑妥善地分散於在組合物中,使得金屬添加劑部分或實質上被澱粉基質中的澱粉包覆,故得以免於發生此效應。
在本發明部分實施例中,加入添加劑可使組合物及其製作的產品具備抗氧化的能力。在一實施例中,添加劑是為金屬鐵粉,其可增加抗氧化力。另外,多種鹽類已知可與鐵粉共同使用,以進一步催化鐵粉與氧的反應,並增加攫取氧的速率。舉例而言,鹽類可為氯化鉀、氯化鈉、硫化鈉、碳酸鈉、氯化鐵(二價及三價)、硫化鈣、碳酸鈣、氫氧化鈣、氯化鈣、氯化鎂、硫化鎂、碳酸鎂、氫氧化鎂、以及其相似物。此外,酸性物質亦可用於催化反應,例如檸檬酸、酒石酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、以及其與鈉或鉀所形成的鹽類。另外,抗壞血酸、異抗壞血酸、以及其鹽類本身為極佳的抗氧化劑,且亦可用於催化鐵的氧化反應。其中,最佳的催化物質是可吸濕者,因為澱粉基質具有吸濕的性質,故澱粉基質可作為在溼潤狀態下具有活性的抗氧化物質的最佳載體。
其他抗氧化組合物包括揭露在美國專利第5,798,055號、美國專利第5,941,037號、美國專利第5,977,212號、美國專利第6,387,461號、以及美國專利第6,592,919號者,其皆可添加在澱粉基的組合物中,在此併入上述專利以做為參考。
在本發明另一實施例中,金屬鋅、銅、鐵以及其氧化物可單獨或組合使用,以做為用於攫取硫化物之異味的添加劑,其中,硫化物例如硫化氫及硫醇類。特別又以鋅及銅之氧化物為較佳的硫吸收劑。硫吸收劑亦可與澱粉基組合物共同使用,如美國專利第7,241,481號中所述者,在此併入以做為參考。
在本發明部分實施例中,加入添加劑可加強組合物的抗菌能力。此外,此類添加劑亦可改善熱傳導或其他性質。在一實施例中,膠質銀(silver colloid)及/或銀粉可用於抑制細菌滋長,並提升組合物的熱傳導能力。
在本發明部分實施例中,加入添加劑可增加組合物的保存期限。可使用的添加劑包含,但不侷限於,食物防腐劑,如抗菌防腐劑、抗氧化劑以及其他類型的防腐劑。其中,抗菌防腐劑係如丙酸鈣、苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、硝酸鈉、乙二胺四乙基二鈉、以及硫化物,其包括二氧化硫、亞硫酸氫鈉、亞硫酸鈉以及亞硫酸氫鉀。抗氧化劑係如丁基羥基甲氧苯(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)、五倍子酸丙酯(propyl gallate)以及二丁基羥基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)。而其他類型的防腐劑例如甲醛、戊二醛、乙醇以及甲基氯異塞唑啉酮(methylchloroisothiazolinone)。
添加蠟乳劑是用以改善組合物的強耐水性,且較佳為穩定的水性乳液,其由棕櫚蠟、米糠、煤油、水合三酸甘油酯(hydrogenated triglyceride)或任何其他的食用蠟製成。在選用的食用蠟中,天然性蠟較合成蠟為佳,而植物性蠟又較動物性蠟或礦物性蠟為佳。至於蠟的種類可依據特定應用目的以及成品所需的性質來選擇。在本發明部分實施例中,融點介於54℃至85℃的水合植物性油可用於取代蠟,以提升組合成分的防潮能力。
適用的水合三酸甘油酯可以由動物或植物脂肪及油製備,其例如牛脂、豬油、花生油、大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油以及其相似物。適用的水合植物油包括可由EvCo研究取得者,其中,EvCo研究是隸屬於EVCOPEL EVCORR以及EVCOPEL EVCEAL公司下。在本發明部分實施例中,水合三酸甘油酯之使用濃度可達到5%。水合三酸甘油酯可以固體粉末、融化物或乳化物的型式加入組成成分中。一般而言,蠟乳劑可以由乳化劑及機械攪拌的方式製備。適於本發明組成成分使用的蠟乳劑包括乳化的棕櫚蠟以及乳化的米糠蠟。乳化劑包括各種符合食物應用標準者,其包含(但不侷限於)山梨醇酐單硬脂酸酯(sorbitan monostearate)、聚山梨醇酯60(Polysorbate 60)、聚山梨醇酯65、聚山梨醇酯80、可食用樹脂(例如:阿拉伯半乳糖、鹿角菜膠、紅藻膠、玉米糖膠)、硬脂醯單甘油檸檬酸酯(stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate)、琥珀硬脂精(succistearin)、羥基化卵磷脂(hydroxylated lecithin)、以及許多其他化合物。
添加脫膜劑或防黏著劑可減少組合物的被烘烤部分與模具系統間的黏著。在本發明組成成分中適用的特定脫膜劑包含,但不侷限於,金屬硬脂酸化合物(例如硬脂酸鋁、鎂、鈣、岬、鈉或鋅)、脂肪酸(例如油酸及亞麻油酸等)、脂肪、油、其他相似物質、或上述物質的組合。
考量到食品的安全性,在本發明組成成分中可添加的色素為非水溶性的色素(例如氧化鐵、群青(ultramarines)、氧化鉻、氧化鈷、氧化鋁、亞鐵氰化鐵銨、亞鐵氰化物、錳紫(manganese violet)、永固紫(carbazole violet))。另外,鋁麗基(aluminum lake)染色劑、水溶性食物染劑、組合色素、或色素與麗基及/或染劑的組合可針對部分應用對象使用。
根據成品設計的需求及性質,利用本發明部分實施例的混合組成成分所塑造的容器可具有各式形狀及厚度。舉例而言,容器可塑造成有開口的容器或其他本領域中適用的構型。其中,有開口的容器例如烤盤、甜筒、派盤、杯子、碗、或該領域中任何其他可用之構造。
再者,容器中任一部位的厚度是以介於約0.5mm至3.2mm為佳,較佳是介於約1.5mm至3.0mm,而最佳是介於約1.6mm至2.5mm。當然,即使是在容器的同一剖面,容器的厚度亦可有所不同。
在本發明另一實施例中,生物可分解性材料,例如可食用的塗膜及/或密封劑,可運用在以上述混合組成成分塑造的容器上。其中,生物可分解性材料可應用於容器,且滲入容器的內及/或外表面,藉以提升容器的耐水性及耐熱性。當上述物質以塗膜的方式運用時,可部分或徹底的滲入容器基質、或與已形成的薄膜結合並部分或徹底的滲入容器基質而使用。
在本發明又一實施例中,揭露一種製造方法,用於生產容器、或其他用於食物或飲料容器的產品。此方法包括提供上述混合組成成分;於一預設形狀的模具內加熱混合組成成分,以形成一具有對應形狀的容器。上述方法可更包含如美國專利申請案第10/608,441號揭露的步驟。其中,所述的美國專利申請案第10/608,441號是於2003年6月27日申請,在此併入做為參考。
本發明所揭露之製造方法,其步驟可包含:提供一成型裝置,且成型裝置具有一容槽及單一或多個間隙,其中,容槽具有一預設成品的形狀,而間隙用以於加熱或烘烤時,自成型裝置中排出蒸氣;加熱或烘烤成型裝置;於封閉成型裝置前,加入一液態或半液態的混合物至成型裝置的容槽中;封閉成型裝置,當加熱或烘烤成型裝置時,容槽中產生的蒸氣會因為壓力擠壓混合物至完全填充容槽,且使混合物能藉由足夠的接觸面積,成為包覆成型裝置外表面的薄膜型式,其中,薄膜對於蒸氣是可滲透性或可半滲透性,使得容槽內的蒸氣可同時透過薄膜及間隙排出至成型裝置外,而使得損失的混合物不會超出一定量。
在本文中所稱損失的混合物不會超出「一定量」係指,損失的混合物之量會一定程度引起習知技術中已知的缺點,例如浪費原物料料、浪費能源在加熱額外的混合物、額外的程序以移除多餘的材料以形成成品以及堵塞間隙。
由於間隙尺寸夠小,使得在排出蒸氣時,混合物仍能保留在容槽中,且由與加熱的成型裝置表面接觸的部分開始形成混合物薄膜。當在加熱或烘烤混合物而有足夠的蒸氣壓力下,使得蒸氣可藉由穿過薄膜再穿過間隙排放至成型裝置外,且同時不會對薄膜造成破壞。由於在完全加熱或烘烤前,薄膜對仍為液態或半液態的混合物而言是不可滲透的,故混合物不會由成型裝置的容槽中流失。
依據本發明之製造方法,在烘烤時不會因為蒸氣的排放而造成混合物損失超過一定量,且可同時避免發生上述因損失所造成的相關缺點,例如浪費原物料、浪費能源在加熱增添的混合物、增加程序以移除多餘的材料以形成成品以及堵塞間隙。
依據本發明之製造方法可同時用於生產可食用的烘烤商品以及其他烘烤產品,例如澱粉基提供盛裝食物使用的容器或其相似物。在此方法中所使用的混合物是以水為基質,且包括本發明所述之混合物。然而,在本領域具通常知識者應知此混合物並非必要以水為基質,例如以酒精為基質或其他非以水為基質的混合物亦可運用。對本領域具通常知識者而言,能具體用於此製造方法的混合物是可容易得知的,但不侷限於一般的烘烤混合物,例如鬆餅、麵糰、冰淇淋甜筒麵糊、含有澱粉及水的澱粉基混合物、以及含有化合物質的混合物。其中,含有化合物質的混合物可混有樹脂,且樹脂形成薄膜包覆於外,而在加熱或烘烤時,能使氣體滲透穿過。再者,依據待加熱或烘烤的混合物不同,烘烤的程序,例如加熱溫度及時間,亦會有所不同,此亦為本領域具通常知識者所習知。
以上所述僅為舉例性,而非為限制性者。任何未脫離本發明之精神與範疇,而對其進行之等效修改或變更,均應包含於後附之申請專利範圍中。
Claims (18)
- 一種用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,包括:水;一澱粉成分,包括一預糊化澱粉及一天然澱粉,且在該組合物中該預糊化澱粉之含量介於該澱粉成分之總重量之0%至30%;一纖維成分,分散於該組合物中,且該纖維成分之各纖維實質上分佈於一澱粉基質中並相互分離;以及一金屬或金屬氧化物,實質上分散於該組合物中,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之0%至25%,其中該金屬氧化物係為選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組之金屬的氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬係選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之5%至15%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量約為 該組合物乾重量之10%。
- 一種用於製造容器之組合物,包括:水;一澱粉成分,包括一預糊化澱粉及一天然澱粉,且在該組合物中該預糊化澱粉之含量介於該澱粉成分總重量之0%至30%;一非水溶性化合物,包括一水溶液,且該水溶液包括複數聚醯胺-環氧氯丙烷化合物;一纖維成分,分散於該組合物中,且該纖維成分之各纖維實質上分佈於一澱粉基質中並相互分離;一蠟成分;一脫膜劑;以及一金屬或金屬氧化物,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物實質上分散於該組合物中,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之0%至25%,其中該金屬氧化物係為選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組之金屬的氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之用於製造容器之組合物,其中該金屬係選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組。
- 一種用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,包括: 水;一澱粉成分,包括一預糊化澱粉及一天然澱粉,且在該組合物中該預糊化澱粉之含量介於該澱粉成分總重量之0%至30%;一非水溶性化合物,包括一水溶液,且該水溶液包括複數聚醯胺-環氧氯丙烷化合物;一天然纖維成分,分散於該組合物中,且該天然纖維成分之各纖維實質上分佈於一澱粉基質中並相互分離;以及一金屬或金屬氧化物,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物實質上分散於該組合物中,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之0%至25%,其中該金屬氧化物係為選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組之金屬的氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬係選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組。
- 一種用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,包括:水;一澱粉成分,包括一預糊化澱粉及一天然粉,;一纖維成分;以及一導熱化合物,其中該導熱化合物實質上分散於該組合 物中,其中該導熱化合物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之0%至25%,其中該導熱化合物包括一金屬、一金屬氧化物或一金屬硫化物,其中該金屬氧化物係為選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組之金屬的氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬係選自於由鋁、鐵、銅、鈷、錳、鎳、銀、鎢、鋅、鋯、鉬及釩所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之5%至15%。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬或該金屬氧化物之含量約為該組合物乾重量之10%。
- 一種用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,包括:水;一澱粉成分,包括一預糊化澱粉及一天然澱粉,且該預糊化澱粉之含量介於該組合物之該澱粉成分總重量之0%至30%;一非水溶性化合物,包括一水溶液,且該水溶液包括複 數聚醯胺-環氧氯丙烷化合物;一天然纖維成分,分散於該組合物中,且該天然纖維成分之各纖維實質上分佈於一澱粉基質中並相互分離;以及一導熱化合物,其中該導熱化合物實質上分散於該組合物中,其中該導熱化合物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之0%至25%,其中該導熱化合物係選自於由金屬氧化物、金屬硫化物及金屬所構成之群組,其中該金屬氧化物係為選自於由鋁、鈷、銅、鐵、錳、鋅、鋯、鎢及釩所組成之群組之金屬的氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬氧化物係選自於由氧化鎳(NiO)、二氧化錳(MnO2 )、三氧化二鈷(Co2 O3 )、氧化銅(CuO)、三氧化鎢(WO3 )及四氧化三鐵(Fe3 O4 )所構成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬硫化物係選自於由黃鐵礦(FeS)、方鉛礦(PbS)、黃銅礦(CuFeS2 )、輝銅礦(Cu2 S)及硫化銀(Ag2 S)組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該金屬係選自於由鋁、鈷、銅、鐵、 錳、鋅、鋯、鎢及釩所構成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該導熱化合物之含量介於該組合物乾重量之5%至15%。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之用於製造生物可分解性容器之組合物,其中該導熱化合物之含量約為該組合物乾重量之10%。
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- 2010-04-06 CA CA2757662A patent/CA2757662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-06 WO PCT/US2010/030124 patent/WO2010118049A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-04-06 CN CN2010800154527A patent/CN102482460A/zh active Pending
- 2010-04-06 JP JP2012504785A patent/JP2012522883A/ja active Pending
- 2010-04-06 US US12/755,305 patent/US8658714B2/en active Active
- 2010-04-06 AU AU2010234598A patent/AU2010234598A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-06 EP EP10762317.5A patent/EP2417193A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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| US20050089606A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-04-28 | David Dellinger | Composition for use in biodegradable articles and method of use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2010234598A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| EP2417193A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| JP2012522883A (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
| TW201105729A (en) | 2011-02-16 |
| US20100280149A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
| US8658714B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
| CA2757662A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| EP2417193A4 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
| WO2010118049A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| CN102482460A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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