TWI446321B - 彩色顯示器架構及驅動方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本發明係針對彩色顯示器及驅動此等顯示器之方法。
通常使用濾色片來完成彩色顯示器。最一般的途徑是在像素化顯示器之黑白子像素上增加濾色片來顯示紅色、綠色及藍色。當所要的是紅色時，綠色及藍色子像素轉為黑色狀態，使得唯一顯示出來的顏色是紅色。當所要的是黑色狀態時，該三個子像素皆轉為黑色狀態。當所要的是白色狀態時，該三個子像素分別轉為紅色、綠色及藍色，因此觀察者可見白色狀態。
此技術最顯著之缺點為因為各該子像素具有該所需白色狀態之三分之一(1/3)反射率，該白色狀態是相當地暗的。為對此作補償，可加入可顯示只有黑色或白色狀態之第四子像素，使在犧牲該紅色、綠色或藍色程度的情況下，該白色程度加倍(其中各子像素僅為該像素區域的四分之一(1/4))。藉增加得自該白色像素之光可得較亮的顏色，但這是在犧牲色域的情況下所達到，使顏色變得非常淺及不飽和。藉由降低該三個子像素的色飽和度可達到相似結果。即使如此，其白光程度通常實質上小於黑白顯示器之一半，使其為諸如需要良好可讀之黑白亮度及對比之電子閱讀器(e-reader)或顯示器之顯示裝置所無法接受的選擇。
美國專利號7,046,228提出使用雙轉換模式之另一技術。在此專利中，各像素是由三個子像素所形成，其各為填有適當色彩(即紅色、綠色或藍色)顯示流體之顯示胞格，該顯示流體具有分散於有色溶劑中之帶電白色粒子以及雙轉換模式。藉由該雙轉換模式，將額外電極組加至各顯示胞格使得該顯示胞格可切換成三個狀態：白色(粒子在頂部)、有色(粒子在底部)及黑色(粒子移動至側邊)。使用黑色背景層來使粒子移動至側邊時，可看到黑色狀態。其優點係在於當呈現紅色/綠色/藍色時，仍可達到高品質的白色及黑色狀態。此雙模式設計需要在各子像素中特別的電路結構，其可降低背板產量且影響成本。此外，亦需要遮罩層來阻擋被黑色狀態中的白色子像素所反射的光以維持所要的對比。
本發明係針對驅動填有電泳流體之顯示胞格之方法，該電泳流體包含帶有相反電荷極性以及兩種對比色之兩種形式的色料粒子，其中該兩種形式的色料粒子分散於有色溶劑中，該方法包含藉由施用佔總驅動電壓之約1至約20%之驅動電壓來驅動該顯示胞格，使其顏色為溶劑顏色之顏色狀態。
在一具體實例中，該兩種形式的色料粒子為帶有相反電荷極性之白色及黑色色料粒子。
在一具體實例中，該溶劑顏色為紅色、綠色或藍色。在一具體實例中，該兩種形式的色料粒子具有不同的遷移率。在另一具體實例中，該兩種形式的色料粒子具有相似的遷移率。
在一具體實例中，該顯示胞格為微杯基底。在另一具體實例中，該顯示胞格為微膠囊基底
在一具體實例中，在所有顯示胞格中，該溶劑具有相同顏色。在另一具體實例中，在顯示胞格中，該溶劑具有不同顏色。
圖1a及1b描繪本發明之彩色顯示裝置之截面視圖。顯示胞格(100)係夾於第一層(101)及第二層(102)間。以分割壁(107)包圍該顯示胞格(100)。該第一層包含共電極(common electrode)(103)。該第二層包含畫素電極(pixel electrode)(104)。
本發明之顯示胞格填有電泳流體，該電泳流體包含分散於溶劑或溶劑混合物(106)之兩種形式的色料粒子(105a及105b)。該兩種形式的色料粒子具有對比色及帶有相反電性。該電泳流體(或該色料粒子所分散之溶劑或溶劑混合物)可為有色的(例如，紅色、綠色或藍色)。
該共電極(103)通常為展開在該顯示裝置整個頂部之透明電極層(例如，ITO)。
該第二層(102)包含畫素電極(104)。該畫素電極(104)可為動態矩陣驅動電極。然而，本發明之範疇包含其他電極定址形式，諸如被動矩陣驅動，只要該電極提供所要的功能。
在本發明之一具體實例中，在所有顯示胞格中，該兩種形式的粒子分散在具有相同顏色的介電溶劑中。如此，該顯示胞格(100)毋須如圖1b所示地與該畫素電極(104)對齊。
在另一具體實例中，在不同顯示胞格中，該兩種形式的粒子分散在具有不同顏色的介電溶劑中。舉例而言，在該顯示胞格之一群，該兩種形式的粒子分散在紅色介電溶劑中，在該顯示胞格之另一群，該兩種形式的粒子分散在藍色介電溶劑中。如此一來，該顯示胞格(100)必須與該畫素電極(104)對齊。
該顯示胞格可為習知的以牆圍住或分割形式，微封裝形式或微杯形式。在該微杯形式中，可以密封層密封該電泳顯示胞格，在該電泳顯示胞格與該共電極間亦可有附著層。
因此，該術語「顯示胞格」欲指個別地填有顯示流體之微容器。「顯示胞格」之實例包含(但非限於)微杯、微膠囊、微通道、其他分割形式顯示胞格及其相當物。
在本發明中，該術語「驅動電壓」係用來指在相對於畫素電極的區域中的帶電色料粒子所承受之電壓差，即施用至該共電極之電壓與施用至該畫素電極之電壓間的電壓差。舉例而言，當未施用電壓至共電極而施用至畫素電極之電壓為正15V，在該相對於該畫素電極的區域之「驅動電壓」為正15V。類似地，當未施用電壓至共電極而施用至畫素電極之電壓為負15V，如此一來該「驅動電壓」為負15V。
圖2a、2b及3說明本發明顯示裝置之操作。為了說明的目的，假設該兩種形式的色料粒子為帶正電白色粒子及帶負電黑色粒子，且該兩種形式的粒子分散在紅色溶劑中。
在圖2a中，在共電極(203)及畫素電極(204)間有正驅動電壓。因此，該帶正電白色粒子將移動至靠近該共電極(203)或移動到該共電極(203)，該帶負電黑色粒子將移動至靠近該畫素電極(204)或移動到該畫素電極(204)，使得在觀望側可看到白色。
在圖2b中，在共電極(203)及畫素電極(204)間有負驅動電壓。因此，該帶負電黑色粒子將移動至靠近到該共電極(203)或移動到該共電極(203)，該帶正電白色粒子將移動至靠近到該畫素電極(204)或移動到該畫素電極(204)，使得在觀望側可看到黑色。
圖3說明該紅色狀態係如何顯示。在驅動成紅色狀態時，其順序係先從圖2a開始，其中該帶正電白色粒子在頂部，該帶負電黑色粒子在底部。接著藉著施用「低負驅動電壓」以使該帶正電白色粒子移離頂部並朝向該顯示胞格的中央移動，如所示。如此一來，該入射光先通過該紅色流體然後被該白色色料粒子反射，因此該入射光實際上通過該紅色流體兩次(射入及射出)。因此在觀望側可看到較強的紅色。
在本發明之上下文中，驅動該兩種形式的色料粒子至兩端(分別為頂部及底部)之驅動電壓係被稱為完全驅動電壓。典型地，上述所指之低驅動電壓係該完全驅動電壓之約1%至約20%。舉例而言，若需要正15V驅動電壓來達到圖2a狀態，達到圖3狀態所需的驅動電壓可僅為正0.15V至3V。
落於上述所指之範圍內之驅動電壓被發現具有令人意外之優點。舉例而言，色料粒子可一致地配置在顯示胞格之中央，形成一致的顏色狀態。
任何超出施用於圖3範圍之較高的驅動電壓，以較短的持續期，將會造成粒子不一致地移動。換句話說，當其他色料粒子分散在顯示胞格的不同位置時，一些色料粒子可停留在頂部。此局面會造成不一致且較不飽和的顏色狀態(即沖刷色)。
在圖3中，由於白色粒子及黑色粒子間之遷移率差，當由圖2a轉換至圖3時，該黑色粒子幾乎沒有移動。
色料粒子之遷移率主要係由粒子所帶電荷的強度及粒子的質量決定。電荷越強，該粒子將移動越快。該粒子所帶電荷的強度通常係由形成粒子的材料決定。
對於質量而言，粒子質量越低，他們移動得越快。舉例而言，具有低密度的較小粒子將相較於具有高密度的較大粒子移動得快。對於熟習該項技藝者，其他可能影響粒子遷移率之因素為習知。
圖4說明圖3之另一態樣。在圖4中，帶正電白色粒子及帶負電黑色粒子具有相似的遷移率。因此，當施加低驅動電壓時，該黑色粒子亦移離顯示胞格之底部並朝向該顯示胞格中央移動。如此一來，亦可得到一致的紅色。
如上所述，該兩種形式的色料粒子可分散在所有顯示胞格中具有相同顏色的溶劑中。
在另一具體實例中，該顯示胞格可填有包含兩種形式的色料粒子之電泳流體，該兩種形式的色料粒子分散在具有不同顏色(例如，紅色、綠色及藍色)的溶劑中。因此，各顯示胞格表示一子像素，造成多重顏色顯示。
圖5說明本發明之顯示裝置如何顯示多重顏色。各顯示胞格表示一子像素，而各像素具有三個子像素。該各表示一子像素的三個顯示胞格分別填有具有紅色、綠色及藍色的顯示流體。
在圖5a中，當所要的是白色像素，三個子像素均轉為白色狀態。在圖5b中，當所要的是黑色像素，三個子像素均轉為黑色狀態。在圖5c中，當所要的是紅色像素，子像素中之一者轉為紅色狀態(使色料粒子驅動至該顯示流體中央，如圖3或4所示)，而剩餘的兩個子像素轉為黑色狀態以得到最大顏色飽和度。相似地，圖5d及圖5e分別顯示綠色及藍色。或者，在圖5c、5b及5e中，將子像素中之一者驅動成顏色狀態而使剩餘的兩個子像素驅動為白色狀態以得到最大亮度(在犧牲其顏色飽和度的情況下)。另外，或者，在圖5c、5d及5e中，將子像素中之一者驅動成顏色狀態，而使剩餘的兩個子像素分別驅動成黑色及白色狀態。
本發明已參照其特定具體實例來記載，習知該項技藝者應瞭解可進行各種變化且可以相當物來取代而不偏離本發明之精神及範圍。此外，可應本發明之目標、精神及範圍進行特定情況、材料、組成物、方法、方法步驟或步驟之修飾。此等修飾係為了落在本文所附加之申請專利範圍內而進行。
100‧‧‧顯示胞格
101‧‧‧第一層
102‧‧‧第二層
103‧‧‧共電極
104‧‧‧像素電極
105a‧‧‧色料粒子
105b‧‧‧色料粒子
106‧‧‧溶劑或溶劑混合物
107‧‧‧分割壁
203‧‧‧共電極
204‧‧‧像素電極
圖1a及1b描繪本發明之彩色顯示裝置之截面視圖。
圖2a、2b及3說明本發明顯示裝置之操作。
圖4說明另一設計。
圖5a-5e說明本發明之顯示裝置係如何顯示多重色彩。
100．．．顯示胞格
101．．．第一層
102．．．第二層
103．．．共電極
104．．．像素電極
105a．．．色料粒子
105b．．．色料粒子
106．．．溶劑或溶劑混合物
107．．．分割壁
Claims (9)
- 一種用於驅動包含夾於共電極及畫素電極間之顯示胞格之彩色顯示器之方法，其中該顯示胞格之各者填有包含分散在有色溶劑中之兩種形式的色料粒子之電泳流體，其中該兩種形式的色料粒子帶相反電荷極性且具有兩種對比色；該方法包含於共電極及畫素電極間施用驅動電壓，以驅動在對應於畫素電極區域中之電泳流體成為所顯示的顏色為溶劑顏色之顏色狀態，其中該驅動電壓為驅動該兩種形式的色料粒子至共電極或畫素電極或該二者之一的附近所需之總驅動電壓之1至20%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該兩種形式的色料粒子為帶相反電荷極性之白色及黑色色料粒子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該溶劑顏色為紅色、綠色或藍色。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該兩種形式的色料粒子具有不同的遷移率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該兩種形式的色料粒子具有相似的遷移率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該顯示胞格為微杯基底者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該顯示胞格為微膠囊基底者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該溶劑在所有顯 示胞格中具有相同顏色。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該溶劑在顯示胞格中具有不同顏色。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201214384A (en) | 2012-04-01 |
| US20110292094A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
| US8704756B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
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