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TWI323855B - Improved computing architecture and related system and method - Google Patents

Improved computing architecture and related system and method Download PDF

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TWI323855B
TWI323855B TW092130031A TW92130031A TWI323855B TW I323855 B TWI323855 B TW I323855B TW 092130031 A TW092130031 A TW 092130031A TW 92130031 A TW92130031 A TW 92130031A TW I323855 B TWI323855 B TW I323855B
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data
pipeline
host
accelerator
processor
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TW200416594A (en
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Chandan Mathur
Scott Hellenbach
John W Rapp
Larry Jackson
Mark Jones
Troy Cherasaro
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Lockheed Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/76Architectures of general purpose stored program computers
    • G06F15/78Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit
    • G06F15/7867Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with reconfigurable architecture
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/08Insurance

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Description

1323855 及協同處理器(C〇Pr〇cessor)14r14n(該些協同.處理器係經 由匯流排16以彼此聯繫且和該主處理器聯繫)、一個用於 從一個遠端的裝置(未顯示在第丨圖中)接收原始資料之輸 入琿18、以及一個用於提供處理後的資料至該遠端的來源 之輸出埠20。該機态1〇也包含一個用於該主處理器a的 記憶體22、分別用於協同處理器14ι一 14n的記憶體241_2乜 、以及一個該主處理器以及協同處理器經由匯流排】6所 共用的s己憶體2 6。該記憶體2 2係用作為該主處理器12的 程式與工作的記憶體,並且每個記憶體24广係用作為 一個別的協同處理器1^-1^之程式與工作的記憶體。該 共用的記憶體26係容許該主處理器12以及協同處理器14 能夠在彼此之間傳輸資料,以及能夠分別經由埠18與2〇 傳輸資料往返於該遠端的裝置。該主處理器12以及協同 處理器14也接收一個共同的時脈信號,該時脈信號係控 制該機器10處理該原始資料的速度。 一般而言’該計算機器1 〇係有效地將原始資料的處理 分配在主處理器12以及協同處理器14之間。例如是聲納 陣列(第4圖)之遠端的來源(未顯示在第1圖中)係將原始 資料經由埠18載入該共用的記憶體26之一個區段,該區 段係作用為一個用於該原始資料的先進先出(FIF0)緩衝器( 未顯示出)。該主處理器12係從記憶體26,經由匯流排】6 來取得該原始資料,並且該主處理器以及協同處理器14 接著係處理該原始資料、視需要地經由匯流排1 6以在彼 此之間傳輸資料。該主處理器1 2係將處理後的資料栽入 1323855 另一個被界定在該共用的記憶體26中之FIFO緩衝写(未顯 示出)’並且該遠端的來源係從此FI經由該埠2 〇來取得 該處理後的資料。 在一個動作的例子中,該計算機器丨〇係藉由在原始資 料上順序地執行n+1個各別的運算來處理該原始資料,其 中這些運算係一起組成一個例如是快速傅利葉轉換的
處理演算法。更明確地說,該機器1〇係從該主處理器U 以及協同處理器14來形成一個資料處理管線。對於一個 特定的頻率之時脈信號而言,此種管線係通常容許該機器 1〇能夠比一種只具有單-處理器的機器更快速地處理該原 始資料。 ' 在從該記憶趙26中之原始資料的刚(未 :寻原始資料之後,主處理器12係在該原始資料上執行一 個例如是三角函數之第一運算。此運算係羞生一個第一 果,且該處理器12係儲存該第一結果在一個於記憶體『6 内所界定之第一結果的FIF〇(未顯示出)中 理器心執行-個料在該記料22巾的 = 該程式的控制下執行上述的動作。且在 用該記憶體22作器12也可以使 作為工作的s己憶體以暫時 該第-運算的中間間隔時所產生之資料。I處理器在 出)取二^在從U憶趙26中之第一結果的FIF0(未續干 出)取仔該第一結果之後在 、不.‘肩不 執订一個例如是對數的函數之第二運算 :果 產生一個第二結果,且#協 ^ 一運异係 且該協同處理器14ι係儲存該第二結 10 I323855 果在-㈣記憶It 26内所界定之第二結果的fif〇(未顯示 出)中。典型地’該協同處理器14ι係執行—個儲存在該記 隱體24丨_的程式’並且在該程式的控制下執行上述的動 作。該協同處理器14ι也可以使用該記憶趙%作為工作 的記憶體以暫時儲存該協同處理器在該第二運算的中間間 隔時所產生之資料。 接著’協同處理器242_24n係以—種類似於上述針對 ^同處理II 24l的方式,在第:至第(㈣個結果上順序地 執行第二至第η個運算。 藉由協同處理器24η所執行的第η個運算係產生最後 的結果,亦即,該處理後的資料。該協同處理胃%係將 該處理後的資料載人-個被界定在記憶體26 Μ之處 之觸(未顯示出),並且該遠端的裝置(未顯示在 第1圖中)係從此FIFO取得該處理後的資料。 一:為主處理器12以及協同處理器“是同時執行處理 :之不同的運算,因此該計算機ϋ 10係通常能夠比 處理器之順序地執行該不同的運算之計算機 速地處理該原始資料。明確地說,在未執行完前一 組的^始資料之时n+1個運算之前,該單一處理器並無 法取得新一組的原始資料。 疋利用上述的管線技術,該 Γ在僅執行第一運算之後,就取得新-組 ,^ 对於個特定的時脈頻率而言,相較 理”機益(未顯不在第1圖中)’此種管線技術 可以曰’、該機器1。處理原始資料的速度大約為州的倍數 ^23855 或者是,該計算機器10可以藉由在該原始資料上同時 執行一個例如是FFT的處理演算法之η + ι個分量 (inStance)來平行處理該原始資料。換言之,若該演算法 如上所述之先前的例子包含n+1個順序的運算,則該主處 理器以及協同處理器14係、分別在個別組的原始資料上 順序地執行所有的n+1個運算^此,對於—個特定的時 脈頻率而言,此平行處理的技術就像是上述的管線技術, 相較於單-處理器的機器(未顯示在第i圖中),其可以增 快該機器ίο處理原始資料的速度大約為η+ι的倍數。曰 ,然而_,儘管該計算機U。可以比單一處理器的電腦機 器(未顯不在第1圖中)更惟;步祕考畑坎_ ;更陕速地處理資料,但是該機器10 的資料處理速度通常是遠小於處理器時脈的頻率。明確地 說,該計算機器10的資料處理速度係受限於該主處理器 12以及協同處理器14處理資料所需的時間。為了簡潔起 見,此種速度限制的一個例子是結合主處理胃12來加以 論述,儘管可瞭解的是,此論述也適用於該 14。如上所述,該主處理 良 ^态12係執仃一個控制該處理器以 用:種所要的方式來處理f料之程式。此程式係包含該處 理裔12所執行之一個順序的指令。然而,處理器Μ血型 地需要多個時脈週期以執行單一指令,並且通常必須執行 多個指令以處理資料的—個單一值。例如,假設該處理器 12是將-個第―資❹A(未顯示出)乘上—個第二資料值 B(未顯不出)。在第—個時脈週期期間,該處理器Μ係從 12
期=22取仔—個乘法指令。在第二以及第三個時脈週 期期間’該處理器12從記憶體26分別取得a與B
四個時脈週期期間,該處理器12係相乘A與B,並且在第 ,個時脈週期期間’其係儲存所產生的乘積在該記憶體以 或26中、或是提供該所產生的乘積至遠端的裝置(未顯示 出)。每是一種最佳狀況,因為在許多情形中,該處理器 12需要額外的時脈週期用於額外花費的…”此⑽。工作i ,例如,初始化以及關閉計數器。因此,該處理器Η最 佳也需要五個時脈週期、或是每個資料值最佳也需要2 5 個時脈週期的平均值,以處理A與B。 ·
因此,。該計算機器10處理資料的速度通常是遠低於驅 動主處理器12以及協同處理器14的時脈頻率。例如,若 處理器12係被提# !.〇個十億赫茲(GHz)的時脈,但每個 貧料值卻需要2.5個時脈週期的平均值,則有效的資料處 理速度係等於(1.GGHz)/25 = Q 4GHz。此有效的資料處理 速度通常是以每秒的運算數為單位來加以描述。因此,在 此例子中,對於l.0GHz的時脈速度而言,該處理器12的 等級將被定為0.4個十億運算/秒(G〇ps)的資料處理速度。 第2圖疋一種硬接線的(hardwired)資料管線的方 塊圖,對於一個特定的時脈頻率而言,該資料管線3〇典 型地可以比一個處理器更快速地處理資料,並且通常是在 實質上與該管線被提供的時脈相同的速率下。該管線3〇 係包含運算子(operator)電路32广32n,每個運算子電路係 在個別的資料上執行一個別的運算,而不執行程式指令。 13 換言之,所要的運算係“被 路32 έu a 個電路32中’使得該電 特定^ 料算,^需要料指令。對於一個 特疋的時脈頻率而言,藉由排 外花眚π — F除與執仃程式指令有關的額 外化費之下’該管線30比一個 行更多的運算。 0處&典型地可以每秒執 可以I如個Γ 一個特定的時脈頻率而言,該管線3〇通常 了以比一個處理器更快速地解出以下的方程式: (1) Y(xk) = (5xk + 3)2xk :中xk代表一個序列的原始資料值。在此例子 =電路32l是-個計算5Xk的乘法器,電路叫是一個計 M3的加法器,並且電路Μη,是一個計算 (5xk+3)2xk的乘法器。 在帛個時脈週期k=1的期間,該電路%係接收資 料值Χι並且將它乘上5以產生5Χι。 在第二個時脈週肖k=2的期間,該電路叫係從電路 主1接收5X1並且加上3以產生㈣。同時,在該第二個 時脈週期期間,電路32ι係產生5χ2。 在第一個時脈週期k=3的期間,該電路SI係從該電 路%接收5Χι + 3並且乘上2xl(實際上將5χι + 3右移&個 位疋)以產生第-個結果(5Xl + 3)2x匕同時,在該第三個時 脈週期期間,該電路32l係產生5χ3並且該電路咚係產生 5Χ2+3 〇 3玄管線30係用此種方式持續處理後續的原始資料值 xk ’直到所有的原始資料值都被處理為止。 1323855 因此’在接收到一個原始資料值Χι之後的兩個時脈週 期的延遲後(此延遲通常是被稱為該管線30的延遲 (latency)),該管線係產生該結果(5χι + 3)2χι,並且之後係 每個時脈週期都產生一個結果。 在忽略該延遲(latency)之下,該管線30因此具有一 個等於時脈速度的資料處理速度。作為比較地,對於一個 特定的時脈速度而言,假設主處理器12以及協同處理器 14(第1圖)如上述的例子具有〇 4倍的時脈速度之資料處 理速度’該管線30可以比該計算機器ι〇(第1圖)快2. 5 倍地處理資料。 仍請參考第2圖,設計者可能會選擇在一種例如是現 場可程式化的閘陣列(FPGA)之可程式化的邏輯IC(pLiC)中 實施該管線30 ’因為PLIC比起特殊應用IC(ASIC)係容許 更大的設計與修改彈性。為了在一個PL I c内配置硬接線的 連線’設計者僅須設定被設置在PLic内之互連線配置的暫 存器至預設的二進位狀態。所有這些二進位狀態之組合係 通常被稱為“韌體,’。典型地,設計者係將此韌體載入一個 非依電性記憶體中(未顯示在第2圖中),該非依電性記憶 體係耦接至該PLIC ^當吾人“導通”PLIC時,該plic係從 該記憶體下載該韌體到該互連線配置的暫存器中。因此, 為了修改PLIC的功能,設計者僅修改該韌體,並且容許該 PL IC能夠下載該修改過的韌體到該互連線配置的暫存器中 。此種藉由僅修改該韌體來修改PLIC之功能在製作原型的 階段以及用於“現場,,升級該管線30之期間是特別有用的。 15 然而,該硬接線的管線3Q典型地無法執行所有的演算 法,尤其是那些需要重要的決策之演算法一個處理号並 型地可以執行一個決策指令(例如,條件式指令,像是“苦 A ’則前進至B,否則前進至C”)大約和其所能執行-個且 有相當的長度之運算的指令(例如,“ a+b,’)—樣 儘 ‘管該:線3°可能可以做-項相當簡單的決定(例如 A>B?),其典型地仍無法執行相當複雜的決定(例如,“若 A’則前進至B,否則前進至c,’)。並且’儘管吾人可能可 以設計該管線30以執行此種複雜的決定’但是所需的電 路尺寸與複雜度通常使得此種設計變成不切實際的,尤其 是-個演算法係包含多個不同之複雜的決定之情形。 因此’處理器係典型地被利用在需要重要的決策之應 :中而硬接線的官線係、典型地限於需要很少或是沒有決 策之“處理數字的(number_crunching),,應用。 &下所述地’吾人設計/修改-種以處理器為基 礎的計算機器(例如,第1圖的計算機器HO是比設計/修 :一種硬接線的管線(例如,第2圖的管線3〇,尤其是該 管線30包含多個PLIC時)典型地為較容易的。 例如是處理器以及其週邊設備(例如,記憶體)之計算 :件係典型地包含工業標準的通訊介面,該些通訊介面係 助於。亥:組件的互連線,以形成一個以處理 計算機器。 ,、型地,一個標準的通訊介面係包含兩層:一 層以及一個服務層。 16 ^23855 e亥實體層係包含構成該介面的電路以及對應的電路互 f線與此電路的操作參數》例如,該實趙層係包含連接該 至匯饥排的接腳、閂鎖住從該些接腳所接收到的資料 之緩衝器、以及驅動資料到該些接腳上的驅動器。該些操 作參數係包含該些接腳接收到的資料信號之可接受的電壓 範圍1於連線與讀取資㈣信號時序、以及支援的運算
模式(例如’叢發(burst)模式、分頁模式)。習知的實體層 係包含電晶體電晶體邏輯(TTL)以及RAMBUS。 玄服務層係包含一個計算組件傳輸資料所依循的協定 。該協定係定義肖資料的格式以及該組件傳送與接收該格 式化後的資料利的方式。習知的通訊協定係包含檔案傳 輸協定(FTP)以及TCP/IP(擴充)。 因此,因為製造商與其他者都典型地設計具有工業標 準的通訊層之計算組件,所以吾人典型地可以在很小的:
力下就設計出此種組件的介面並且將其互連到其它的計算 組件。此係容許吾人能夠將其大部分的時間專注於計算機 器的其它部份之設計,並且能夠藉由增加或是移除組件來 輕易地修改該機器。 設計支援工業標準的通訊層之計算組件係讓吾人能夠 藉由從一個設計庫(1 ibrary)利用一種現有的實體層之設計 來節省設計時間。此也確保吾人可以輕易地將該組件界接 到現成的計算組件。 並且,利用支援一種共同的工業標準的通訊層之計曾 组件來設計計算機器係容許設計者能夠在很少的時間與努 17 1323855 力下就互連該些組#。因為該#組件t援-種纟同的介面 層,因此設計者可以在很少的設計努力下就經由一系統匯 流排來將其互連。並且,因為該支援的介面層是一種工業 標準,因此吾人可以輕易地修改該機器。例如,吾人可以 隨著系統設計的演進來增加不同的組件以及週邊設備至該 機器或疋σ人可以隨著該技術的演進來輕易地增加/設 計下-代的組件。再者,因為該些組件支援—種共同的工 業標準的服務層’因此吾人可以將一種實施對應的協定之 現有的軟體模組納入該計算機器的軟體中。因此吾人可 以在很少的努力下界接該些組件,因為該介面設計實質上 已經是適當的’並且因此可以專注於設計該機器中使得該 機器執行所要的功能之部份(例如,軟鱧)。 然而,對於被使用來構成例如是第2圖的管線3〇之硬 接線的管線之組件(例如,PLIC)而言,存在有未知的工業 標準的通訊層。 因此,為了設計一種具有多個puc的管線,吾人典型 地耗費相當大量的時間並且盡相當大的努力於“從頭,,設計 與除錯在PLIC之間的通訊層。典型地,此種特別的通訊層 係依據在PLIC之間傳輸的資料之參數而定。同樣地,為了 設計一種界接處理器的管線,吾人將必需耗費相當大量的 時間並且盡相當大的努力於從頭設計與除錯在管線與處理 益之間的通訊層。 類似地,為了藉由增加一個pLIC至此種管線以修改該 管線,吾人典型地耗費相當大量的時間並且盡相當大的努 力於設計與除錯在所增加的PLIC與現有的PLIC之間的通 訊層。同樣地,為了藉由增加一個處理器以修改一個管線 或疋為了藉由增加一個管線以修改一個計算機器,吾人 將必需耗費相當大量的時間並且盡相當大的努力於設計與 除錯在該管線與處理器之間的通訊層。 因此,請參考第1與2圖,當設計一種計算機器時, 因為在界接多個PLIC上的困難度以及在將一個處理器界接 至一個管線上的困難度,因此吾人通常被迫要做出重大的 取捨。例如,.在一種以處理器為基礎的計算機器中,吾人 係被迫要犧牲處理數字的速度來交換得到複雜的決策功能 以及設計/修改的彈性。相反地,在一種硬接線之以管線 為基礎的計算機器中,吾人係被迫要犧牲複雜的決策功能 以及設計/修改的彈性來交換得到處理數字的速度。再者 ,由於在界接多個PLIC上的困難度,因此吾人要設計一種 具有許多的PLIC之以管線為基礎的機器通常是不切實際的 。於是,實際之以管線為基礎的機器通常僅具有有限的功 月&。並且,由於在將一個處理器界接至一個PLIc上的困難 度,因此要將一個處理器界接至超過一個PLIC是不切實際 的。於是,藉由組合處理器以及管線所獲得的利益將會是 極微小的。 因此,對於一些容許吾人能夠結合以處理器為基礎的 機器之決策功能以及硬接線之以管線為基礎的機器之處理 數字的速度之電腦架構產生了需求。 【發明内容】 19 在本發明的一個眘炉Y丨+ 貫知例中,一種同等向量的(peer_ vector)機器係包含一彻+ 個主機(host)處理器以及一個硬接線 的管線加速器。該主嫌由 /王機處理器係執行一個程式並且回應該 程式以產生主機資料, 而該管線加速器係從該主機資料產 生管線資料。 根據本發明的另—佃 ώ . 個實施例’該管線加速器係產生管 線資料,並且該主機虚 理器係從該管線資料產生主機資料
因為S亥同等向.量的機哭4七入 h石 ”機盗係包含一個處理器以及一個為 接線的管線加速器兩去 _ , ^ ^ 兩者,因此該同等向量的機器通常可^ 比—個僅包含處理器或县仿 益次疋僅包含硬接線的管線之計算機§ 更有效率地處理資料。你丨“五 例如,吾人可以設計該同等向量合 機β以使付4主機處理!!執行決策以及密集的非數學運》 ’而該加速器係執行密集的數學運算。對於-個特定❹ 脈頻率而言,藉由將密集的數學運算轉移至該加速器,自 同等向量的機器通當可以太 ^ ^ rX ^ %*可以在一個速度超過一種只有處理器 的機器所能處理該資料的速度下處理資料。 【實施方式】
第3圖疋一種具有根據本發明的一個實施例之同等向 量的架構之計算機器40的概要方塊圖。除了主機處理器 42以外,該同等向量的機器4〇係包含一個管線加速器ο ,该官線加速器44係執行至少一部份的資料處理,並且 其因此有效地取代在第丨圖的計算機器1〇中之協同處理 窃14之庫(bank) »因此,該主機處理器42以及加速器 20 1323855 器44用於進一步的處理。 在另一個替代例中,該管線加速器44係直接從遠端的 裝置經由埠56接收原始資料,並且處理該原始資料。該 加速器44接著可以將處理後的資料經由埠6〇而直接傳回 該遠端的裝置、或是可以傳送處理後的資料至主機處理器 42用於進一步的處理。在後者的情形中,該加速器44可 以如上所述地將該資料包覆在訊息物件中。 在另一個替代例中,除了該硬接線的管線74之外,該 加速器44可以包含一或多個例如是數位信號處理器(DSp) 之執行指令的處理器,以補充該些管線處理數字的功能。 Μ同等向詈的機器之實施例 仍請參考第3圖’在一個實施例中,該管線匯流排5 〇 是一個標準的133MHz之PCI匯流排,該些管線74是内含 在一或多個標準的PMC卡之上,並且該記憶體52是一或多 個分別位在一個別的PMC卡之上的快閃記憶體。 該同等向量的機器之鹿用你丨 第4圖是一種結合有根據本發明的一個實施例之第3 圖的同等向量的機器40之聲納系統80的方塊圖。除了該 機器4 0之外’該系統8 0係包含一個用於接收與發送聲納 信號之換能器元件84广84n的陣列82、數位至類比轉換器 (DAC)86广86n、類比至數位轉換器(ADC)88i-88n、以及一個 資料介面90 ^因為聲納信號的產生與處理通常是密集的數 學之函數,因此對於一個特定的時脈頻率而言,如同以上 結合第3圖所述地’該機器40通常可以比習知的計算機 36 祕L例如 >處理器的機器10(第1圖))更快速且更有效率 地執行這些函數。
έ 1在、個發送模式的操作期間,該陣列82係發送一個聲 號進入種例如是水(未顯示出)的媒介物中。首先, 2等向量的機器40係轉換在—料92之上所接收的原 。β號資料成| η個數位信號,每個陣列元件84都有一 號這些仏號的大小與相位係決定該#列μ的 :送束的形態。接著,該機$ 4〇係提供這些數位信號至 ”面9〇,β亥介面90係提供這些信號至個別的DAC 86用於 轉換成為個別的類比信號。例如,該介面9"以作用為 -:緩衝器,其係連續地從該機胃4〇接收數位信號,健 子U號直到其接收且緩衝儲存所冑η個數位信號為止 ,並且接㈣時提供這些順序的㈣取樣給個料DAC 86 。於是’換能器it# 84係將這些類比信號轉換成為個別 的聲波„亥些聲波係彼此干涉以形成一個聲納信號的波束
在一個接收模式的操作期間,該陣列82係從該媒介物 (未顯示出)接收一個聲納信號。該接收到的聲納信號係由 該發送的聲納信號被遠端的物件所反射之部份以及由環境 與遠端的物件所發射的聲音能量所構成。首先,換能器元 件84係接收組成該聲納信號之個別的聲波,轉換這些聲 波成為η個類比信號,並且提供這些類比信號至A])c 88用 於轉換成為η個個別的數位信號。接著,該介面9〇係提 供這些數位信號至該同等向量的機器4〇以供處理。例如 37 ,該介面90可以作用為一個並列地從ADC 88接收該些數 · 位信號並且接著串列地提供這些信號給該機器4〇之緩衝 态。該機器40在該些數位信號上所執行之處理係決定該 陣列82之接收束的型態。例如是濾波、帶移、頻譜轉換( 例如,傅利葉轉換)、以及捲積(c〇nv〇luti〇n)之額外的處 理步驟係被應用到該些數位信號。該機器4〇接著係經由 —個埠94提供該處理後的信號資料至另一個裝置,例如 ’用於觀看所找到的物體之顯示裝置。 儘官以上係結合該聲納系統8 〇加以論述,但除了聲納 系統以外的系統也可以納入該同等向量的機器4 〇。 先前的論述係被提出以使得熟習此項技術者能夠完成 及使用本發明。對於熟習此項技術者而言,各種對於該些 實施例的修改將會是相當明顯的,並且在此所述之上位的 原理可以被應用至其它的實施例與應用,而不脫離本發明 的精神與範疇。因此,本發明並非欲被限制於所展示的實 施例,而是欲被授予和在此所揭露的原理及特點一致之最 鲁 廣的範疇。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一)圖式部分 第1圖是具有一種習知的多處理器的架構之計算機器 的方塊圖。 第2圖是一種習知的硬接線的管線之方塊圖。 第3圖疋具有一種根據本發明的一個實施例之同等向 量的架構之計算機器的概要方塊圖。 38 1323855 第4圖是一種結合有根據本發明的一個實施例之第3 圖的同等向量的計算機器之電子系統的概要方塊圖。 (二)元件代表符號 1 0計算機器 12主處理器 lt-l^協同處理器 1 6匯流排 18輸入埠 φ 20輸出埠 22、21-21、26 記憶體 30資料管線 32、32^32。運算子電路 40計算機器 42主機處理器 44管線加速器 46處理器之記憶體 # 48介面記憶體 5 0匯流排 52韌體記憶體 5 4、5 6輸入皡 58、60輸出埠 61路由器 62處理單元 64訊息處理機 39 1323855 66處理單元之記憶體 6 8處理機之記憶體 70加速器配置的記錄處 72訊息配置的記錄處 74、7^-71 管線 8 0聲納系統 82換能器元件的陣列 84!-84n換能器元件 鲁 數位至類比轉換器(DAC) 類比至數位轉換器(ADC) 90資料介面 92 、 94 埠
40

Claims (1)

132385 啊年丨丨月$修正本 拾、申請專利範圍·· i·—種同等向量的機器,其係包括: 一個主機處理器,其係可運作 门由 執仃—個程式指令, 並且回應於該程式指令而可運作 及 思作以產生第—主機資料;以 一個管線加速器,其係耦接至 ^ „ . 柄莰主该主機處理器並且可運 作以在不執行程式指令下接收該 ^ ^ ^ , 弟主機資料且從該第一 主機資料產生第一管線資料。 其中該 2. 如申請專利範圍帛1項之同等向量的機器 主機處理器係更可運作以: 接收第二資料;以及 從該第二資料產生該第一主機資料。 其中該 3. 如申請專利範圍帛!項之同等向量的機器 主機處理器係更可運作以: ° 從該管線加速器接收該第一管線資料;以及 處理該第一管線資料。 其中該 (如申請專利範圍帛!項之同等向 主機處理器係更可運作以: B 從該管線加速器接收該第一管線資料;r 從該第-管線資料產生該第一主機資科广及 5.如申請專利範圍第〗項之同等 括: 的機器,其更包 一個介面記憶體,其係耦接至該主 速器,拍日且古如植 機處理器與管線加 逯並且具有一個第一記憶體區段; 41 1323855 其中該主機處理器係可運作以, 儲存該第一主機資料在該第一記憶體區段中,以 及 從該第一記憶體區段提供該第一主機資料至該管 線加速器。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之同等向量的機器,其更包 括: 一個介面記憶體,其係耦接至該主機處理器與管線加 速器’並且具有第一與第二記憶體區段; 其中該主機處理器係可運作以, 健存該第一主機資料在該第一記憶體區段中, 從該第一記憶體區段提供該第一主機資料至該管 線加速器, 從該管線加速器接收該第一管線資料, 儲存該第一管線資料在該第二記憶體區段中, 從該第二記憶體區段取得該第一管線資料至該主 機處理器,以及 處理該第一管線資料。 7. 如申請專利範圍第丨項之同等向量的機器其中該 主機處理器係可運作以配置該管線加速器。 8_如申請專利範圍第丨項之同等向量的機器,其中該 管線加速器係包括一個可程式化的邏輯積體電路。 9. 一種同等向量的機器,其係包括: 一個管線加速器,其係可運作以在不執行程式指令下 42 1323855 產生第—管線資料;以及 一個主機處理器,其係耦接至該管線加速器,並且可 運作以執行一個程式指令以及回應於該 以接收該第-管線資料,並且從該第一管線資料產:第運: 主機資料。 ίο.如申請專利範圍第9項之同等向量的機器,其中該 管線加逮器係更可運作以: 接收第二資料;以及 從該第二資料產生該第一管線資料。 _ * η.如申請專利範圍第9項之同等向量的機器,其中該 管線加速器係更可運作以: 從該主機處理器接收該第一主機資料;以及 處理該第一主機資料。 12. 如申請專利範圍第9項之同等向量的機器,其中該 管線加速器係更可運作以: 從該主機處理器接收該第一主機資料;以及 從該第一主機資料產生該第一管線資料。 鲁 13. 如申請專利範圍第9項之同等向量的機器,其更包 括: 一個介面記憶體,其係耦接至該管線加速器與主機處 理器’並且具有一個第一記憶體區段;並且 其中該主機處理器係可運作以, 儲存來自該管線加速器的第一管線資料在該第一 記憶體區段中,以及 43 從該第-記憶體區段取得該第—管線資料。 括: 14·如申請專利謂9項之同等向量的機器,其更包 一個介面記憶體,其係耦接至 理哭,“曰各 柄丧至該管線加速器與主機處 ° 並且八有第一與第二記憶體區段; 其中該主機處理器係可運作以, 儲存來自該管線加速器的第-管線資料在該第一 記憶體區段中, 冰貝付隹涊弟 從該第-記憶體區段取得該第一管線資料, 及 料該第一主機資料在該第二記憶體區段中,以 ㈣第二記憶體區段提供該第 線加速器;並且 κ 王硪 其中該管線加速器係可運作以處 段所接收的第-主機資料。 $ »己隐紅 主椹Γ如申請專利範圍第9項之同等向量的機器,其中該 機處理器係可運作以配置該管線加速器。 16.-種用於改良計算架構之系統,其係包括: 個裝置’其係可運作以產生原始資料; 一個主機處理器,其係搞 行-個寇争耦接至該裝置並且可運作以執 朴ΓΓί 以及回應於該程式指令而可運作以從該 原始資料產生主機資料;以及 一個管線加速器’其係耦 作以在不執行mΑ 接主该主機處理器並且可運 "下接收該主機資料且從該主機資料 44 1323855 產生管線資料。 π.—種用於改良計算架構之系統,其係包括: 一個裝置,其係可運作以產生原始資料; 一個管線加速器,其係耦接至該裝置並且可運作以 不執行程式指令下從該原始資料產生管線資料;以及 -個主機處理器,其係麵接至該管線加速器並且可運 作以執行一個程式指令以及回應於該程式指令而可運作以 接收該管線資料並且從該管線資料產生主機資料。 18. —種改良計算架構之方法,其係包括: 藉由利用-個主機處理器執行一個程式指令以產 —主機資料;以及 利用-個管線加速器以在不執行程式指令下從該第一 主機資料產生第一管線資料。 19. 如申請專利範圍第18項之方法,其更包括: 接收原始資料; 其中產生該第-主機資料係包括從 第一主機資料。 貝竹座生该 20. 如申請專利範圍第18項之方法其中 主機資料係包括從該第一f線資A咕 。第一 ^ ^踝貧科產生該第一主機資料。 田广·如申請專利则18項之方法,其更包括藉由利 用“主機處理器執行該程式以從該第一管線 主機資料。 矛一 請專利範圍第18項之方法,其更包括藉由利 用該主機處理器執行一個程式指令以配置該管線加速器。 45 1323855 23. 一種改良計算架構之方法,其係包括 利用一個管線加速器以在不執行人 管線資料;以及 飞心令下產生第一 藉由利用一個主機處理器執行一個 一管線資料產生第一主機資料。 程式指令 以從該第 ’其更包括: 該原始資料產生該
24.如申請專利範圍第23項之方法 接收原始資料; 其中產生該第一管線資料係包括從 第一管線資料。 25. 如申請專利範圍第23項之方法,其中產生該第一 管線資料係包括從該第一主機資料產生該第一管線資料。 26. 如申請專利範圍第23項之方法,其更包括利用該 管線加速器以從該第一主機資料產生第二管線資料。 27. 如申請專利範圍第23項之方法,其更包括藉由利 用該主機處理器執行一個程式指令以配置該管線加速器。
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