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TWI397395B - 脊椎融合固定器及其植入設備與導引組件 - Google Patents

脊椎融合固定器及其植入設備與導引組件 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI397395B
TWI397395B TW099108659A TW99108659A TWI397395B TW I397395 B TWI397395 B TW I397395B TW 099108659 A TW099108659 A TW 099108659A TW 99108659 A TW99108659 A TW 99108659A TW I397395 B TWI397395 B TW I397395B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
spinal fusion
fixture
fusion fixture
section
segment
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TW099108659A
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English (en)
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TW201036589A (en
Inventor
Yang Hwei Tsuang
Chang Jung Chiang
Shan Chang Chueh
Chun Jen Liao
Chung Nun Chen
Ya Jen Yu
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Ind Tech Res Inst
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Priority to TW099108659A priority Critical patent/TWI397395B/zh
Priority to US12/751,944 priority patent/US8840648B2/en
Publication of TW201036589A publication Critical patent/TW201036589A/zh
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Publication of TWI397395B publication Critical patent/TWI397395B/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/448Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs comprising multiple adjacent spinal implants within the same intervertebral space or within the same vertebra, e.g. comprising two adjacent spinal implants
    • A61F2002/4485Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs comprising multiple adjacent spinal implants within the same intervertebral space or within the same vertebra, e.g. comprising two adjacent spinal implants comprising three or more adjacent spinal implants
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Description

脊椎融合固定器及其植入設備與導引組件
本發明係有關於一種脊椎融合固定器,特別係有關於一種可延展的脊椎融合固定器及其植入設備與導引組件。
首先請參閱第1圖,人體的脊椎100主要係由複數塊椎骨110及其連接結構所形成,其中各椎骨110乃透過前、後韌帶以及椎間盤120(intervertebral disc)而相互連接,用以支撐頭部和軀幹。常見的背部疼痛原因主要為脊椎先天畸形、脊椎受創或者老化所引起,其中椎間盤凸出(herniation intervertebral disc)可能會壓迫到脊髓而導致神經傳導受損,當發生此種狀況時可透過外科手術或脊椎融合術加以治療。
一般的脊椎融合術大多是將骨融合固定器P植入相鄰的椎骨110之間(如第1圖所示),藉此可使相鄰的椎骨110固定在一起以防止移位,同時可保持原本椎間盤120所需占有的空間。然而,有鑒於傳統的骨融合固定器體積過大,因此常需要在手術過程中開創較大的傷口而產生不利的影響。
本發明提供一種脊椎融合固定器,包括一第一段部以及一第二段部,其中第一段部可相對第二段部滑動,藉以 使脊椎融合固定器由一收縮狀態延展成為一拉伸狀態。
於一實施例中,前述第一、第二段部皆呈中空結構,用以容置一填充物。
於一實施例中,前述第二段部之一端具有螺紋結構。
於一實施例中,前述第一段部具有一滑塊,且第二段部具有一軌道,當第一段部相對第二段部滑動時,前述滑塊沿著軌道運動。
於一實施例中,前述軌道具有一棘齒,用以防止脊椎融合固定器回復至收縮狀態。
本發明之一實施例更提供一種脊椎融合固定器的植入方法,其中前述脊椎融合固定器具有可相互滑動之一第一段部以及一第二段部,該方法包括:提供一中空之導管,並將中空導管穿入一椎間盤;提供一中空之定位管,並透過定位管將脊椎融合固定器沿著導管而推送至椎間盤內;提供一推桿,將推桿穿過定位管並推動第一段部,使得第一段部相對於第二段部滑動;以及,將推桿、定位管以及導管依序抽離,並使脊椎融合固定器留置於椎間盤內。
於一實施例中,前述方法更包括下列步驟:利用前述推桿將一填充物經由定位管推送至第一段部內。
於一實施例中,前述填充物為自體組織、異體組織或者人工骨材。
於一實施例中,前述填充物具有多孔隙結構。
於一實施例中,前述人工骨材具有氫氧基磷灰石、三鈣磷酸鹽、硫酸鈣、碳酸鈣、膠原蛋白或明膠材質。
於一實施例中,前述方法更包括下列步驟:利用前述推桿將一填充物經由定位管推送至第二段部內。
於一實施例中,前述方法更包括下列步驟:利用定位管將脊椎融合固定器調整至椎間盤內之一目標位置。
於一實施例中,前述第二段部之一端具有一螺紋結構,用以和定位管接合。
本發明一實施例更提供一種脊椎融合固定器的植入方法,前述脊椎融合固定器具有可相互滑動之一第一段部以及一第二段部,該方法包括:提供一中空之導引裝置,其中導引裝置包括相互樞接之一第一管體以及一第二管體;提供一推移機構,將前述推移機構穿過導引裝置,並使推移機構與脊椎融合固定器之第二段部螺接;透過導引裝置以及推移機構將脊椎融合固定器推送至一椎間盤內;調整第一、第二管體之間的角度;將推移機構沿一第一方向旋入第二段部並推動第一段部,使得第一段部相對於第二段部滑動延伸;以及,將推移機構沿第一方向之反向旋出第二段部,並使脊椎融合固定器留置於椎間盤內。
於一實施例中,前述導引裝置更包括相互樞接之一握把以及一支臂,且第一、第二管體分別與支臂以及握把樞接。
於一實施例中,前述支臂以及握把組成一剪刀狀結構。
於一實施例中,前述推移機構包括一第一桿體、一第二桿體以及一萬向接頭,其中萬向接頭樞接第一、第二桿體,且第一桿體具有一螺紋部,用以連接脊椎融合固定器。
於一實施例中,前述推移機構包括一第一桿體以及一第二桿體,其中第一桿體具有具有一螺紋部以及複數個第一棘齒,且第二桿體具有複數個第二棘齒,前述螺紋部連接脊椎融合固定器,第一、第二棘齒則以可活動之方式相互咬合。
於一實施例中,前述推移機構包括相互連接之一第一桿體以及一第二桿體,其中第一桿體具有一螺紋部,用以連接脊椎融合固定器,且第二桿體具有可撓性。
於一實施例中,前述第二桿體為金屬材質。
為使本發明之上述目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉較佳實施例並配合所附圖式做詳細說明。
首先請參閱第2a~2c圖,本發明一實施例之脊椎融合固定器C係用以植入相鄰椎骨間的椎間盤內,藉此可防止椎間盤凸出壓迫到脊髓而導致神經傳導受損。前述脊椎融合固定器C包含一第一段部C1以及一第二段部C2,其中第一、第二段部C1、C2呈中空彎曲結構,且兩者間可相互滑動;應了解的是,在植入脊椎融合固定器C之前,脊椎融合固定器C係呈現一收縮狀態並具有一較小之體積(如第2a圖所示),因此僅需要開創一微型傷口即可將脊椎融合固定器C植入。
當脊椎融合固定器C被植入椎間盤時,可透過輔助器械推動第一段部C1,並使其相對於第二段部C2滑動延伸(如第2b圖中箭頭所示),此時第一段部C1上之滑塊C11會沿著第二段部C2上的軌道C21滑動,直到脊椎融合固定器C延展而呈一拉伸狀態為止(如第2c圖所示)。其中,在前述軌道C21上設有棘齒,藉以防止脊椎融合固定器C回復至收縮狀態。有關前述脊椎融合固定器C的詳細植入方式則詳述如下。
接著請一併參閱第3a~3c圖,當欲將前述脊椎融合固定器C植入椎間盤120時,可先透過一中空之導管10穿過椎間盤120外側的纖維外環121(annulus fibrosus),並使其與纖維外環121內的髓核部122(nucleus pulposus)相通(如第3a圖所示)。接著,可利用一中空之定位管20,將呈現收縮狀態之脊椎融合固定器C沿著前述中空導管10推送至髓核部122內(如第3b、3c圖所示)。
再請參閱第4a~4d圖,一旦脊椎融合固定器C順利進入椎間盤120內,接著便可透過一推桿30將一填充物F1經由前述定位管20推送置入脊椎融合固定器C中(如第4a、4b圖所示);更進一步地,隨著推桿30持續朝椎間盤120內部移動,位在推桿30末端之填充物F1會迫使前述第一段部C1朝圖面右方延伸(如第4c圖所示),此時第一段部C1係相對於第二段部C2滑動,並使脊椎融合固定器C延展成為拉伸狀態。然後,推桿30可由定位管20內部抽離(如第4d圖所示),並使填充物F1留置於在第一段部C1內。
請參閱第5圖,當脊椎融合固定器C展開成為拉伸狀態後,可將定位管20及脊椎融合固定器C推送並調整至髓核部122內之一目標位置,藉以使脊椎融合固定器C提供較佳的支撐效果。接著,可再次利用推桿30將另一填充物F2植入脊椎融合固定器C的第二段部C2中(如第6a、6b圖所示),最後再將推桿30、定位管20以及導管10依序抽離患者體內,以使脊椎融合固定器C和填充物F1、F2穩定地留置於椎間盤120內(如第6c圖所示),至此則完成整個植入動作。
應了解的是,前述填充物F1、F2例如可採用自體組織(autologous tissue)、異體組織(allograft tissue)或者具有多孔隙結構之人工骨材(artificial bone substitute)。舉例而言,前述人工骨材可包含氫氧基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAp)、三鈣磷酸鹽(tricalcium phosphate)、硫酸鈣(CaSO4)、碳酸鈣(CaCO3)、膠原蛋白(collagen)或明膠(gelatin)等材質。
另需特別說明的是,前述脊椎融合固定器C的第二段部C2末端設有固定或螺紋結構C22(如第2a~2c圖所示),可用以和定位管20相互接合,當欲將定位管20抽離患者體內時,僅需輕微轉動定位管20便可使其與螺紋結構C22相互脫離,如此可將脊椎融合固定器C穩定地留置於椎間盤120內。另一方面,本發明亦可不必植入填充物F1、F2,當植入脊椎融合固定器C時可直接利用推桿30推動第一段部C1,進而使其延展成為拉伸狀態即可。
接著請一併參閱第7a、7b圖,本發明另提供一種導引裝置,可輔助將前述脊椎融合固定器C植入椎間盤內,於本實施例中之導引裝置主要係由相互樞接之中空機構40、支臂50和握把60所組成。如第7a、7b圖所示,前述中空機構40包括一第一管體41以及一第二管體42,其中支臂50與握把60相互樞接並組成一剪刀狀結構,前述第一、第二管體41、42則分別和支臂50以及握把60樞接,操作時可以手控制握把60與支臂50末端的握持部51,當握把60相對於前述握持部51展開一角度時,第二管體42會朝右側方向運動,並使第一管體41朝上方仰起(如第7b圖中箭頭方向所示)。
再請一併參閱第8a、8b圖,於實際操作時可將脊椎融合固定器C預先置放在第一管體41內,接著再將一推移機構70穿過前述中空機構40,並使推移機構70上的螺紋部S與脊椎融合固定器C相互螺接(如第8b圖所示)。當完成前述準備動作後,便可利用導引裝置和推移機構70將脊椎融合固定器C推送至一椎間盤內;需特別說明的是,植入過程中若需要調整脊椎融合固定器C的角度時,可以手控制握把60和支臂50末端的握持部51,藉此可改變第一、第二管體41、42之間的角度,進而可修正脊椎融合固定器C的仰角(如第9a圖中箭頭方向所示)。
請參閱第9b圖,於本實施例中之推移機構70主要包括一第一桿體71以及一第二桿體72,其中第一、第二桿體71、72係透過一萬向接頭J而相互樞接。需特別說明的是,當第二桿體72繞其軸向旋轉時,可透過萬向接頭J同時帶動第一桿體71繞其軸向旋轉(如第9b圖中箭頭方向所示)。
接著請一併參閱第10a、10b圖,當脊椎融合固定器C被植入椎間盤之一適當位置後,可以手動方式將推移機構70沿第一方向A1旋轉,藉此可使推移機構70上的螺紋部S進一步旋入脊椎融合固定器C內。應了解的是,隨著螺紋部S持續旋入脊椎融合固定器C的第二段部C2內,凸出於螺紋部S前端之凸桿711會同時將脊椎融合固定器C的第一段部C1頂出(如第10b圖中箭頭方向所示),藉此可使脊椎融合固定器C由原本的收縮狀態延展成為一拉伸狀態。
請參閱第11圖,在脊椎融合固定器C轉變成為拉伸狀態後,即可將推移機構70沿第二方向A2旋轉,此時推移機構70會與脊椎融合固定器C的第二段部C2相互脫離,藉以使脊椎融合固定器C留置於椎間盤內,最後再將導引裝置和推移機構70一起抽出椎間盤外,以完成整個植入程序。
接著請參閱第12圖,其中第12圖所示之推移機構80可用以取代第9b圖的推移機構70。如圖所示,本實施例之推移機構80主要包括一第一桿體81以及第二桿體82,其中在第一、第二桿體81、82上分別形成有複數個第一棘齒810以及第二棘齒820。應了解的是,前述第一、第二棘齒810、820以可活動的方式相互咬合,其中當第二桿體82繞其軸向旋轉時,第二棘齒820可於第一棘齒810之間滑動,且同時可藉此帶動第一桿體81繞其軸向旋轉(如第12圖中箭頭方向所示)。需特別說明的是,在第一、第二桿體81、82內部另設有繩索或金屬線材等可撓性件,藉此可使第一、第二桿體81、82相互連結以避免脫落分離;此外,在第12圖中的第二桿體82上更設有一彈簧R,當第二棘齒820相對於第一棘齒810滑動時,可藉由彈簧R使第一桿體81達到收縮與避震的效果。
此外,第9b圖中的推移機構70亦可以第13圖之推移機構90替代。如第13圖所示,於本實施例中之推移機構90主要包括相互連接之一第一桿體91以及一第二桿體92,其中前述第二桿體92例如為具有可撓性之長條形金屬件。當第二桿體92繞其軸向旋轉時,可同時帶動第一桿體91繞其軸向旋轉(如第13圖中箭頭方向所示)。應了解的是,由於本實施例中之第二桿體92具有可彎折的特性,因此即便前述第一、第二管體41、42之間具有傾斜角度,也不會影響推移機構90的操作。
綜上所述,本發明提供一種脊椎融合固定器及其植入設備與導引組件,其中前述脊椎融合固定器之導引組件包括一導引裝置與一推移機構,前述脊椎融合固定器可延展拉伸,在植入前係呈現一收縮狀態,因此有利於進行小傷口的微創手術;一旦脊椎融合固定器植入後,可透過輔助器械使其延展成為一拉伸狀態,以提供良好的支撐效果。本發明不僅可縮小手術傷口,同時植入過程簡單迅速且易於定位,故能大幅地節省手術的時間與成本。
雖然本發明已以具體之較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此項技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,仍可作些許的更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
10...導管
20...定位管
30...推桿
100...脊椎
110...椎骨
120...椎間盤
121...纖維外環
122...髓核部
40...中空機構
41...第一管體
42...第二管體
50...支臂
51...握持部
60...握把
70、80、90...推移機構
71、81、91...第一桿體
72、82、92...一第二桿體
711...凸桿
810...第一棘齒
820...第二棘齒
A1...第一方向
A2...第二方向
C...脊椎融合固定器
C1...第一段部
C2...第二段部
C11...滑塊
C21...軌道
C22...螺紋結構
F1、F2...填充物
J...萬向接頭
P...骨融合固定器
R...彈簧
S...螺紋部
第1圖表示一習知骨融合固定器植入相鄰椎骨間之示意圖;第2a~2c圖表示本發明一實施例之脊椎融合固定器示意圖;第3a~3c、4a~4d、5、6a~6c圖表示將一脊椎融合固定器植入之示意圖;第7a~7b圖表示本發明一實施例之導引裝置示意圖;第8a圖表示本發明一實施例之推移機構穿過導引裝置之示意圖;第8b圖表示第8a圖中A部分之放大圖;第9a圖表示本發明一實施例之脊椎融合固定器朝上方仰起之示意圖;第9b圖表示本發明一實施例之推移機構示意圖;第10a圖表示本發明一實施例之推移機構沿第一方向旋轉之示意圖;第10b圖表示第10a圖中B部分之放大圖;第11圖表示本發明一實施例之推移機構與脊椎融合固定器分離之示意圖;第12圖表示本發明另一實施例之推移機構示意圖;以及第13圖表示本發明另一實施例之推移機構示意圖。
C‧‧‧脊椎融合固定器
C1‧‧‧第一段部
C2‧‧‧第二段部
C11‧‧‧滑塊
C21‧‧‧軌道
C22‧‧‧螺紋結構

Claims (21)

  1. 一種脊椎融合固定器,用以植入椎間盤內,包括:一彎曲之第一段部;以及一彎曲之第二段部,活動地連接該第一段部,其中該第一段部可相對該第二段部滑動,藉以使該脊椎融合固定器由一收縮狀態延展成為一拉伸狀態。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之脊椎融合固定器,其中該第一、第二段部皆呈中空結構,用以容置一填充物。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之脊椎融合固定器,其中該第二段部之一端具有一固定或螺紋結構,用以聯結一中空之定位管。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之脊椎融合固定器,其中該第一段部具有一滑塊,且該第二段部具有一軌道,當該第一段部相對該第二段部滑動時,該滑塊沿著該軌道運動。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之脊椎融合固定器,其中該軌道具有一棘齒,用以防止該脊椎融合固定器回復至該收縮狀態。
  6. 一種脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,用以將一脊椎融合固定器植入一椎間盤內,其中該脊椎融合固定器具有可相互滑動之一第一段部以及一第二段部,且該脊椎融合固定器的植入設備包括:一中空之導管,用以連接該椎間盤;一中空之定位管,用以設置於該導管內並連接該脊椎融合固定器,其中該定位管用以將該脊椎融合固定器沿著 該導管而推送至該椎間盤內;以及一推桿,滑動地穿設於該定位管內,其中該推桿用以穿過該定位管並推動該第一段部,使得該第一段部相對於該第二段部滑動,且該推桿、該定位管以及該導管依序抽離後,該脊椎融合固定器留置於該椎間盤內。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該推桿更用以將一填充物經由該定位管推送至該第一段部內。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該填充物為自體組織、異體組織或者人工骨材。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該填充物具有多孔隙結構。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該人工骨材具有氫氧基磷灰石、三鈣磷酸鹽、硫酸鈣、碳酸鈣、膠原蛋白或明膠材質。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該推桿更用以將一填充物經由該定位管送至該第二段部。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該定位管更用以將該脊椎融合固定器移動調整至椎間盤內之一目標位置。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植入設備,其中該第一、第二段部皆具有中空彎曲結構。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之脊椎融合固定器的植 入設備,其中該第二段部之一端具有一螺紋結構,用以和該定位管接合。
  15. 一種脊椎融合固定器的導引組件,用以將一脊椎融合固定器植入一椎間盤內,其中該脊椎融合固定器具有可相互滑動之一第一段部以及一第二段部,且該脊椎融合固定器的導引組件包括:一中空之導引裝置,包括相互樞接之一第一管體以及一第二管體,其中該第一、第二管體之間的角度係可調整的;以及一推移機構,穿設於該導引裝置,並與該脊椎融合固定器之該第二段部螺接,其中該推移機構沿一第一方向旋入該第二段部並推動該第一段部時,該第一段部相對於該第二段部滑動延伸,且該推移機構沿該第一方向之反向旋出該第二段部後,該脊椎融合固定器留置於該椎間盤內。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之脊椎融合固定器的導引組件,其中該導引裝置更包括相互樞接之一握把以及一支臂,且該第一、第二管體分別與該支臂以及該握把樞接。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述之脊椎融合固定器的導引組件,其中該支臂以及該握把組成一剪刀狀結構。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之脊椎融合固定器的導引組件,其中該推移機構包括一第一桿體、一第二桿體以及一萬向接頭,其中該萬向接頭樞接該第一、第二桿體,且該第一桿體具有一螺紋部,用以連接該脊椎融合固定器。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之脊椎融合固定器的 導引組件,其中該推移機構包括一第一桿體以及一第二桿體,該第一桿體具有一螺紋部以及複數個第一棘齒,且該第二桿體具有複數個第二棘齒,其中該螺紋部連接該脊椎融合固定器,該第一、第二棘齒以可活動之方式相互咬合。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之脊椎融合固定器的導引組件,其中該推移機構包括相互連接之一第一桿體以及一第二桿體,該第一桿體具有一螺紋部,用以連接該脊椎融合固定器,且該第二桿體具有可撓性。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之脊椎融合固定器的導引組件,其中該第二桿體為金屬材質。
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