TWI393334B - 具相數補償的多相降壓式轉換器及多相降壓式轉換器的相數補償方法 - Google Patents
具相數補償的多相降壓式轉換器及多相降壓式轉換器的相數補償方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Description
本發明係有關一種多相降壓式轉換器,特別是關於一種具有相位遮蔽(phase shedding)機制的多相降壓式轉換器。
圖1係習知具有相位遮蔽機制的數位四相降壓式轉換器,其包括四個相電路10用以將輸入電壓Vi轉換為輸出電壓Vo、誤差放大器18用以偵測輸出電壓Vo產生誤差信號EA、類比數位轉換器16用以將類比的誤差信號EA轉換為數位的誤差信號e[n]、數位補償電路14用以補償誤差信號e[n]產生誤差信號e’[n]、以及數位脈寬調變電路12根據誤差信號e’[n]產生脈寬調變信號PWM1、PWM2、PWM3及PWM4驅動四個相電路10。數位脈寬調變電路12可以根據負載電流Io決定操作相數,送出致能信號EN1、EN2、EN3及EN4以各別開啟或關閉四個相電路10,進而最佳化該降壓式轉換器的效能。圖2係該四相降壓式轉換器在不同的操作相數時的電源效能曲線,其中曲線20為四相操作時的電源效能曲線,曲線22為三相操作時的電源效能曲線,曲線24為二相操作時的電源效能曲線,曲線26為單相操作時的電源效能曲線。如圖2所示,當操作相數較少時,該降壓式轉換器在低負載電流下具有較佳的效能,相反的,當操作相數較多時,該降壓式轉換器在高負載電流下具有較佳的效能。因此數位脈寬調變電路12在高負載電流Io時將啟動較多的相電路10,而在低負載電流Io時將減少啟動的相電路10之數目。
然而,當操作相數不同時,該降壓式轉換器的控制對輸出電壓(control-to-output voltage)轉移函數也跟著改變。假設單相操作時,該降壓式轉換器的共鳴(resonant)頻率為fc,那麼在二相及四相操作時,該降壓式轉換器的共嗚頻率可能分別為1.414fc及2fc。在傳統的設計中,該降壓式轉換器只有一個數位補償電路14,因此數位補償電路14的設計將基於單相或四相的控制對輸出電壓轉換函數。
以迴路增益頻寬為40KHz及相位邊限(phase margin)約60°為設計目標。圖3係數位補償電路14的設計基於單相時,該降壓式轉換器的頻率響應,其中曲線30及32為單相操作時所得到的頻率響應,曲線34及36為二相操作時所得到的頻率響應,曲線38及40為四相操作時所得到的頻率響應。圖4係數位補償電路14的設計基於單相時,該降壓式轉換器在單相、二相及四相操作時的相位邊限及頻寬。圖5係數位補償電路14的設計基於四相時,該降壓式轉換器的頻率響應,其中曲線42及44為單相操作時所得到的頻率響應,曲線46及48為二相操作時所得到的頻率響應,曲線50及52為四相操作時所得到的頻率響應。圖6係數位補償電路14的設計基於四相時,該降壓式轉換器在單相、二相及四相操作時的相位邊限及頻寬。參照圖3至圖6,當數位補償電路14的設計基於單相的控制對輸出電壓轉移函數時,在四相操作時將沒有足夠的相位邊限,另一方面,當數位補償電路14的設計基於四相的控制對輸出電壓轉移函數時,單相及二相操作時的頻寬將變小,這將導致單相及二相操作時的暫態響應變差。
因此,一種能隨操作相數改變補償係數的降壓式轉換器,乃為所冀。
本發明的目的之一,在於提出一種隨操作相數改變補償係數的多相降壓式轉換器。
根據本發明,一種具相數補償的多相降壓式轉換器包括誤差放大器偵測該多相降壓式轉換器的輸出電壓產生類比誤差信號,類比數位轉換器將該類比誤差信號轉換為數位誤差信號,數位補償電路補償該數位誤差信號,數位脈寬調變電路根據該補償後的數位誤差信號提供多個脈寬調變信號,以及多個相電路因應各自的脈寬調變信號將輸入電壓轉換為該輸出電壓。其中,該數位補償電路隨操作中的相電路數目改變其對該數位誤差信號的補償係數。
根據本發明,一種多相降壓式轉換器的相數補償方法包括偵測該多相降壓式轉換器的輸出電壓產生類比誤差信號,將該類比誤差信號轉換為數位誤差信號,隨操作中的相電路數目決定補償係數補償該數位誤差信號,根據該補償後的數位誤差信號提供多個脈寬調變信號,以及因應該多個脈寬調變信號將輸入電壓轉換為該輸出電壓
圖7係以圖1的數位四相降壓式轉換器為基礎而設計的實施例,其中連接在數位脈寬調變電路12及類比數位轉換器16之間的數位補償電路60,可以根據相數信號phx_num得知目前操作中的相電路10之數目,並根據操作相數改變其補償係數,因而提供適合目前操作相數的誤差信號e’[n]。
圖8係圖7中的數位補償電路60的第一實施例,其中延遲電路62延遲誤差信號e[n]產生信號e[n-1],延遲電路64延遲信號e[n-1]產生信號e[n-2],延遲電路66延遲信號e[n-2]產生信號e[n-3],多工器68根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數A00、A01、A02及A03選取其中之一,乘法器70將多工器68提供的補償係數與誤差信號e[n]相乘產生信號eA0[n],多工器72根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數A10、A11、A12及A13選取其中之一,乘法器74將多工器72提供的補償係數與信號e[n-1]相乘產生信號eA1[n-1],多工器76根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數A20、A21、A22及A23選取其中之一,乘法器78將多工器76提供的補償係數與信號e[n-2]相乘產生信號eA2[n-2],多工器80根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數A30、A31、A32及A33選取其中之一,乘法器82將多工器80提供的補償係數與信號e[n-3]相乘產生信號eA3[n-3],延遲電路98延遲誤差信號e’[n]產生信號e’[n-1],延遲電路100延遲信號e’[n-1]產生信號e’[n-2],延遲電路102延遲信號e’[n-2]產生信號e’[n-3],多工器86根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數B10、B11、B12及B13選取其中之一,乘法器88將多工器86提供的補償係數與信號e’[n-1]相乘產生信號e’B1[n-1],多工器90根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數B20、B21、B22及B23選取其中之一,乘法器92將多工器90提供的補償係數與信號e’[n-2]相乘產生信號e’B2[n-2],多工器94根據相數信號phx_num從補償係數B30、B31、B32及B33選取其中之一,乘法器96將多工器94提供的補償係數與信號e’[n-3]相乘產生信號e’B3[n-3],加法電路84將信號eA0[n]、eA1[n-1]、eA2[n-2]、eA3[n-3]、e’B1[n-1]、e’B2[n-2]及e’B3[n-3]結合產生誤差信號e’[n]。
圖9係圖7中的數位補償電路60的第二實施例,其包括多工器104、四相補償器106、三相補償器108、二相補償器110及單相補償器112,其中四相補償器106的設計是基於四相操作時的控制對輸出電壓轉換函數,三相補償器108的設計是基於三相操作時的控制對輸出電壓轉換函數,二相補償器110的設計是基於二相操作時的控制對輸出電壓轉換函數,單相補償器112的設計是基於單相操作時的控制對輸出電壓轉換函數。多工器104根據相數信號phx_num將四相補償器106、三相補償器108、二相補償器110及單相補償器112其中之一的輸出傳送給數位脈寬調變電路12。
圖10係圖7中的四相降壓式轉換器在四相、二相及單相操作時的頻率響應模擬圖,其中曲線120及122為單相操作時所得到的頻率響應,曲線124及126為二相操作時所得到的頻率響應,曲線128及130為四相操作時所得到的頻率響應。從圖10可看出,在增益為0dB時,曲線120、124及128幾乎重疊,而此時的曲線122、126及130也幾乎重疊,換言之,在四相、二相及單相操作時,該降壓式轉換器都具有相同的頻率及相位邊限。
以上對於本發明之較佳實施例所作的敘述係為闡明之目的,而無意限定本發明精確地為所揭露的形式,基於以上的教導或從本發明的實施例學習而作修改或變化是可能的,實施例係為解說本發明的原理以及讓熟習該項技術者以各種實施例利用本發明在實際應用上而選擇及敘述,本發明的技術思想企圖由以下的申請專利範圍及其均等來決定。
10...相電路
12...數位脈寬調變電路
14...數位數償器
16...類比數位轉換器
18...誤差放大器
20...四相操作時的電源效能曲線
22...三相操作時的電源效能曲線
24...二相操作時的電源效能曲線
26...單相操作時的電源效能曲線
30...單相操作時的頻率響應
32...單相操作時的頻率響應
34...二相操作時的頻率響應
36...二相操作時的頻率響應
38...四相操作時的頻率響應
40...四相操作時的頻率響應
42...單相操作時的頻率響應
44...單相操作時的頻率響應
46...二相操作時的頻率響應
48...二相操作時的頻率響應
50...四相操作時的頻率響應
52...四相操作時的頻率響應
60...數位補償電路
62...延遲電路
64...延遲電路
66...延遲電路
68...多工器
70...乘法器
72...多工器
74...乘法器
76...多工器
78...乘法器
80...多工器
82...乘法器
84...加法電路
86...多工器
88...乘法器
90...多工器
92...乘法器
94...多工器
96...乘法器
98...延遲電路
100...延遲電路
102...延遲電路
104...多工器
106...四相補償器
108...三相補償器
110...二相補償器
112...單相補償器
120...單相操作時的頻率響應
122...單相操作時的頻率響應
124...二相操作時的頻率響應
126...二相操作時的頻率響應
128...四相操作時的頻率響應
130...四相操作時的頻率響應
圖1係習知具有相位遮蔽機制的數位四相降壓式轉換器;
圖2係圖1中的降壓式轉換器在不同的操作相數下的電源效能曲線;
圖3係圖1中的數位補償電路的設計基於單相時,該降壓式轉換器的頻率響應;
圖4係圖1中的數位補償電路的設計基於單相時,該降壓式轉換器在單相、二相及四相操作時的相位邊限及頻寬;
圖5係圖1中的數位補償電路的設計基於四相時,該降壓式轉換器的頻率響應;
圖6係圖1中的數位補償電路的設計基於四相時,該降壓式轉換器在單相、二相及四相操作時的相位邊限及頻寬;
圖7係本發明的實施例;
圖8係圖7的中數位補償電路的第一實施例;
圖9係圖7的中數位補償電路的第二實施例;以及
圖10係圖7中的四相降壓式轉換器在四相、二相及單相操作時的頻率響應模擬圖。
10...相電路
12...數位脈寬調變電路
14...數位數償器
16...類比數位轉換器
18...誤差放大器
60...數位補償電路
Claims (6)
- 一種具相數補償的多相降壓式轉換器,包括:誤差放大器連接該多相降壓式轉換器的輸出端,偵測該多相降壓式轉換器的輸出電壓產生類比誤差信號;類比數位轉換器連接該誤差放大器,將該類比誤差信號轉換為數位誤差信號;數位補償電路連接該類比數位轉換器,補償該數位誤差信號;數位脈寬調變電路連接該數位補償電路,根據該補償後的數位誤差信號提供多個脈寬調變信號;以及多個相電路並聯在該數位脈寬調變電路及該多相降壓式轉換器的輸出端之間,每一該相電路因應各自的脈寬調變信號將輸入電壓轉換為該輸出電壓;其中,該數位補償電路隨操作中的相電路數目改變其對該數位誤差信號的補償係數。
- 如請求項1之多相降壓式轉換器,其中該數位補償電路包括:多個多工器,各自根據該操作中的相電路數目選取補償係數;以及多個乘法器、延遲電路及加法器,從該數位誤差信號及該些選取的補償係數產生該補償後的數位誤差信號。
- 如請求項1之多相降壓式轉換器,其中該數位補償電路包括:多個補償器,各自對該數位誤差信號補償;以及多工器,從該多個補償器的輸出選取一個作為該補償後的數位誤差信號。
- 一種多相降壓式轉換器的相數補償方法,包括下列步驟:(A)偵測該多相降壓式轉換器的輸出電壓產生類比誤差信號;(B)將該類比誤差信號轉換為數位誤差信號;(C)隨操作中的相電路數目決定補償係數補償該數位誤差信號;(D)根據該補償後的數位誤差信號提供多個脈寬調變信號;以及(E)因應該多個脈寬調變信號將輸入電壓轉換為該輸出電壓。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該步驟C包括:根據該操作中的相電路數目選取多個補償係數;以及從該數位誤差信號及該些選取的補償係數運算產生該補償後的數位誤差信號。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該步驟C包括:以多個補償係數各自對該數位誤差信號補償;以及從該多個補償後的信號選取一個作為該補償後的數位誤差信號。
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| TW098134504A TWI393334B (zh) | 2009-10-12 | 2009-10-12 | 具相數補償的多相降壓式轉換器及多相降壓式轉換器的相數補償方法 |
| US12/898,910 US8558521B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-06 | Operating phase number dependent compensation of a multi-phase buck converter |
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| TWI862064B (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-11-11 | 美商茂力科技股份有限公司 | 多相切換式電源及其控制電路和控制方法 |
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| US8981743B2 (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2015-03-17 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Constant-on-time multi-phase switching voltage regulator and related method of generating a regulated voltage |
| TWI487256B (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-06-01 | Giga Byte Tech Co Ltd | 多相電源供應器 |
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| US20110084673A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
| TW201114152A (en) | 2011-04-16 |
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