TWI378140B - Azeotrope-like compositions of tetrafluoropropene and trifluoroiodomethane - Google Patents

Description

1378140 is different, and the azeotrope-like composition of the present invention is mainly based on HF〇_1234yf, but it is expected that HFO-UWze can be present in some specific amounts without detracting from the nature of the azeotrope-like composition. In performance. HFO-1234 compounds are known and listed in the chemical summary database. The production of fluoropropenes, such as the CFaCHNCH2, by catalytic gas phase fluorination of various saturated and unsaturated halogen-containing compounds, is described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,889,379, 4,798,818, issued hereby incorporated herein by reference. in. Ep 974,571, which is also incorporated herein by reference, discloses the disclosure of PCT, NaOH, Ca (HFC 245(4) in contact with a chrome catalyst at a higher temperature in the gas phase or in a liquid phase with KOH, NaOH, Ca ( Preparation of OH) 2 or Mg (〇H) 2 in an alcoholic solution by contact, and tetrafluoropropene. Moreover, the method of producing a compound according to the present invention is generally carried out with the agent's case number (H0003789 (26267) The disclosure of the U.S. Patent Application Serial No., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in the entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire all all Conducive to use or for use in many applications, including as a heat transfer composition (including in automotive air conditioning and heat pump systems and in fixed air conditioning, heat pumping and freezing as a refrigerant), foaming agents, propellants And sterilizing agents. Accordingly, in other specific embodiments, the invention provides compositions and methods relating to these and other uses. Like azeotrope-like compositions, as used herein, the term "like azeotropes," is intended to encompass broadly. Completely shared. And 0 And a composition that behaves like an azeotrope. According to the basic principle, the thermodynamic state of the fluid is defined by pressure, temperature, liquid composition and vapor composition. The azeotrope is two or more. A system of components wherein the composition of the liquid and the composition of the vapor are equal at said pressure and temperature. In fact, the components of the azeotrope are of a fixed boiling point and cannot be separated during phase change. The invention is azeotrope-like. The composition may comprise additional components that do not form a new azeotrope-like system or additional components that are not in the first steaming section.

The first stage taken after the distillation column exhibits a stable operating state under total reflux conditions. One way of determining whether the addition of a component forms a new azeotrope-like system beyond the scope of the present invention is to vaporize a sample of the composition containing the component under conditions which would permit separation of the non-azeotropic mixture into its individual components. If the mixture containing the additional component is non-azeotropic, the additional component will be fractionated from the azeotrope-like component. If the mixture is azeotrope-like, some limited amount of the first-distillation section will be obtained. It contains all the components of the mixture that are fixed or act like a single substance. The other feature of the azeotrope-like composition has a series of compositions containing the same group = but different ratios, all of which are like collateral or fixed stagnation. All such compositions are intended to be covered by the terms "like azeotropy" and "fixed stagnation". As an example, it is well known that under different pressures, the composition of a given mutual fluid will be at least as good as (4) of the composition. There are some slight changes. Because azeotrope represents a unique type of relationship, but it has a composition that can change with temperature and dust. Therefore, it seems that the composition of the Buddha has a series of similar components but different proportions. The azeotropic combination (iv) is intended to cover all such compositions by the term azeotrope as used herein. 101184.doc 1378140 It is technically recognized that the formation of azeotropes cannot be predicted (see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,648,017 (column 3 ' U.S. Patent No. 5,182,040 (column 3, lines 62-63), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. The applicant has unexpectedly discovered that HFO-1234yf is similar to CF3I. Azeotropic composition. According to certain preferred embodiments, the azeotrope-like composition of the present invention comprises HFO-1234yf and CF3I in an effective azeotrope-like amount, preferably substantially in the form of an effective azeotrope-like HFO-1234yf and Composed of CF3I. As this article The term "effective azeotrope-like amounts " means the amount of each component, when it allows the present invention in combination with the other components of the azeotrope-like composition is formed. The azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from about 25 to less than 100 weight percent. HFO-1234yf and CFJ greater than 〇 to about 75% by weight, preferably consist essentially of the above-described equivalents. More preferably, the azeotrope-like composition comprises from about 30 to about 85% by weight of HFO-1234yf and from about 15 to about 70% by weight of iCFsI' more preferably from about 35 to about 70% by weight of 2HFO-1234yf and from about 30 to about 65 wt% 2 CF3I, preferably from about 45 to about 70 wt% iHFO-1234yf and from about 30 to about 55 wt% CFJ, more preferably from about 50 to about 60 wt% 2HFO-1234yf and from about 40 to about 50 wt% 2CF3I' preferably consists essentially of the above-described equivalents. Unless otherwise indicated, the weight percentages disclosed herein are based on the total weight of CF3I and HF〇-1234yf in the composition. The azeotrope-like compositions described herein preferably have a boiling point of from about -28 C to about -1 1 °C at a pressure of about 14.26 pSia. In certain preferred embodiments, the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of from about -29 C to about -1 1 C at a pressure of about 14.26 psia, and in an excellent specific performance, about 14 26 101184.doc • The pressure of 10 - 1378140 has a boiling point of about -3 ° ° C to about · 3 Γ (:).

The azeotrope-like composition of the present invention can be prepared by combining an effective azeotrope-like amount of HF〇_1234yf with CF3I. It is known in the art that any of a variety of methods which can combine two or more components to form a composition can be modified for use in the process of the invention to produce an azeotrope-like composition. For example, HFO_1234yf and CF3I are mixed, blended, or otherwise contacted by hand and/or machine, or by a combination of two or more of these steps, as part of a batch or continuous reaction and/or procedure. Guided by the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will readily be able to prepare compositions according to the present invention without undue experimentation. Composition Additives The azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise any of a wide variety of optional additives, including slip agents, stabilizers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, flammability inhibitors, and the like. According to certain embodiments, the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a stabilizer. Any of a variety of compounds suitable for stabilizing the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be used. Examples of certain preferred stabilizers include stabilizer compositions containing a dilute matrix compound and/or a phenolic compound and/or an epoxide selected from the group consisting of aromatic peroxides and alkyl groups. a group consisting of a peroxide, an alkenyl peroxide, and a combination of two or more thereof. As used herein, the "-secret lamp. A dilute matrix compound" refers to a C3-C5 diene and any two Or a compound formed by a plurality of C3_C5 dilute reactions. In the case where the dilute matrix compound is formed by a C3_C5 diene combination, the combinations may be the same or different molecules. Some compositions are preferably in the composition. Containing at least one kind of dilute matrix compound, the amount of which is in the poetry stability of the carbonization 101184.doc

丄 J ::: can effectively prevent decomposition. To use one or more of the two 25 substances: type and nature, at least to some extent, depending on the phase 2 used in the composition: the particular moth carbide, the conditions of use of the composition, and related factors are expected The amount of the dibasic matrix stabilizer in the composition of the present invention varies depending on factors such as the type of the iodine carbide in the composition, the conditions of use of the composition, and the like. Preferably, the iodide carbide used is an effective amount of a diene matrix stabilizer. An effective amount of "5" as used herein refers to an amount of one or more diene matrix compounds: when added to a composition comprising an associated iodine carbide such as trifluoroiodomethane, a stable composition is produced. Wherein the moth carbide has a slower decomposition rate and/or a lower degree of decomposition under the same or _ conditions than the same composition but no such maternal matrix compound. In a specific example of trifluoroiodomethoxazole, under certain severe conditions, the important possible decomposition product is tri-aeration, which is formed by replacing the disc in the CF3I molecule with chlorine. Similarly, nitrogen can replace the hindrance in other hard carbides, thus forming a Gwp value greater than 150. Some of the decomposition products have the effect of increasing the GWP of the refrigerant exchange using the disk carbide. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve the goal of having low global warming potential. An effective amount of stabilizer will reduce the amount of decomposition of the moth carbide such that the refrigerant composition has a GWP below 150. Even if the Gwp value is not considered, the decomposition of the components of the refrigerant composition is not desired. Therefore, the amount of the above decomposition product is preferably less than the weight % of the total refrigerant composition. In certain preferred embodiments, the amount of one or more diene matrix compounds is sufficient to produce a stable composition, at least one moth carbide in the pot is issued according to SAE 1662 (10), June 3, and/or ashrae I0Il 84.doc 12 1378140 When tested in the standard test of 97-1983R, the decomposition rate is slower and/or the degree of decomposition is lower relative to the same composition but no diene matrix compound. For example, in some preferred embodiments, the composition is preserved. The amount of the decomposition product (i.e., the product formed by replacing the moth in the moth carbide with hydrogen) after about 2 weeks at about 300 T is less than about 重量9 wt0/〇.

In some preferred embodiments, the diene base compound is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.001% by weight to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the iodine-containing refrigerant composition. From 1% by weight to about 5% by weight, very preferably about 0% by weight. /〇 to about 4 weights 0/〇. In a preferred embodiment, the dilute base f compound is selected from the group consisting of a propyl group test, a propylene disulfide, a dibutyl bromide, an isoprene dilute such as a fragrant leaf, a box derivative, and a combination of two or more thereof. a group of objects. As used herein, it is intended that each compound referred to immediately before the leader comprises both substituted and unsubstituted forms of the compound. In some preferred embodiments, the diene matrix compounds comprise predominantly allene and an excellent system consists essentially of allene. °

In some other preferred embodiments - ... | μ γ - conjugate mains, containing n, (d) organisms or combinations thereof, are preferably substantially composed of the above. The term H as used herein refers to a compound comprising at least one and comprising at least one, preferably at least two, isoprene moieties. In a preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention (4) is formed by a reaction to two isoprene C5 units (CH2=C (C is called ch=ch2) (each unit is substituted or unsubstituted), thus Many of the present inventions are: preferably having at least 10 carbon atoms and comprising at least one isoprene component. As used herein, the term "isoprene moiety" refers to any i01184.doc 3 in a molecule that is substituted or a portion of a group formed by unsubstituted isoprene. In some preferred embodiments, an unsubstituted oxime is preferred. In many preferred embodiments, the resident compound of the present invention comprises at least one modification. a head-to-tail condensation product of a qualitative or unmodified isoprene. Any of the contemplated or multi-chain compounds may be modified for use in the teachings contained herein in accordance with the present invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to The number and type of beta compounds are selected for any particular application without undue experimentation. Preferred combinations of the invention have the formula ((: 5 can be cyclic or acyclic saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted structure) Hydrocarbons, wherein η is preferably from 2 to about 6 ' Preferred according to the invention having the formula Ci〇Hi6 (including substituted forms) ^ is sometimes referred to herein as a material, and having the formula ( (including the taken) is sometimes referred to herein as Half of the time [according to the present invention and having the formula C20H32 (including the substituted type) is referred to herein as "two", = the box having the formula C30H48 (including the substituted type) is sometimes referred to as Sanzhuang et al. The (4) normal system containing 3 or more carbons is formed by two (four) precursors in a fixed sample. Although it is expected that all of these may be modified for use in accordance with the invention, it is generally preferred to use a single enthalpy. In a preferred embodiment, one or more of the strong compounds of the present invention comprise a quinoid: consisting essentially of one or more acyclic (tetra) compounds, preferably substantially: consisting of, or consisting of, a plurality of acyclic compounds. Rings ^ You anticipate that such compounds are within the type of the trader referred to by the isoflavones, such as a head-to-tail connection, or in a type of compound not bound in this manner. According to certain aspects of the invention, the bias is 6- Methylene osin_17 _ suspected, acyclic knot including geranyl (2-methyl-, mono-), iso-allerene β- basil ene. I0ll84.doc

Includes all of its isomers. The compounds of the present invention may comprise a single shoe compound which is expected to have various degrees of unsaturation, as described in accordance with the present invention. Examples of bismuth compounds in various aspects of J month include rosin, retinal aldehyde, terpene, menthol, vanillyl alcohol, vitamin A!, pine oil dilute, terpene and the like, and blends thereof, according to the present Examples of the indole derivative of the invention include an oxygen-containing derivative of hydrazine such as an alcohol, aldehyde or ketone containing a sulfhydryl group or a carbonyl group, and a hydrogenated derivative. The oxygen contained in the box is sometimes referred to herein as a steroid. In some embodiments, the diene matrix compound of the present invention comprises a terpenoid-like carnosic acid, and the carnosic acid is equivalent to the phenolic disaccharide of the experimental formula C2028〇4. It is naturally produced in plants of the family Labiatae. For example, carnosic acid is a component of plants such as sage (sage) and rosemary (rosemary), which are mainly found in leaves. It is also possible to find carnosic acid in thyme and marjoram. It is found in Linde in Chim Acta 47, 1234 (1962)] and Wenkert et al. in eucalyptus [J. Org. Chem. 30, 293 1 (1965)]. It has also been used in various other sage plants such as, for example, Salvia canariensis [Savona and Bruno, J. Nat. Prod. 46, 594 (1983)] or Sevia. Salvia willeana [de la Torre et al., Phytochemistry 29, 668 (1990)] is clearly identified. It also appears in the three-leaf sage and the happy sage. Any suitable relative amount of at least one diene matrix compound and a stabilizer compound selected from the group of 101184.doc 15 1378140 may be used. For example, in some preferred and body two, the weight ratio of the one or more of the two county compounds to the one or more compounds is in the range of from about 1:99 to about 100:?. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the one or more dilute matrix compounds to the stabilizers is from about 10: i to about i: !, more preferably from about 2: to about 1, and is excellent. For about 1: i. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 6/638,003, filed on December 12, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference. Any of various ageing compounds and/or epoxides are also suitable for use as stabilizers in the compositions of the present invention. While applicants do not wish to be bound by any theory of operation or to claim any theory of operation, it is believed that the present invention is a group scavenger in CF3I compositions and thus readily increases the stability of such compositions. The term "compound" as used herein means any substituted or unsubstituted. Examples of suitable phenolic compounds include one or more substituted or unsubstituted cyclic, straight or branched aliphatic substituents. Hope, such as alkylation of single-aged species (including 2,6_di-t-butyl-4-yl-methyl; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4·2 Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol; tocopherol; and the like), hydrogen awake and chlorinated hydrogen (including: third butyl hydrogen; other derivatives of hydrogen hydrazine; and analogs), Base-based thiodiphenyl test (including: 4,4,-thiobis(2.methyldongthylene); 4,4·-thiobis(3methyldongt-butylphenol) 2,2,-thiobis(4-methyl-6_t-butylphenol); and the like), alkylene-bisphenol (including: 4,4ι_methylene double (2,6·) Di-t-butylg g), 4,4-bis(2,6-mono-second butyl phenol); 2,2 or 4,4-diphenyl diol 101 IS4.doc i378l4〇 derivative 2,2,-methylenebis(4.ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2,-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4,-butylidene double (3-A -6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidene bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol); 2 2,·methylenebis(4-methyl-6-indole) Base 2) 2,2'-isobutylene bis(4,6-dimethyl); 2,2,-methylenebis(4·methyl·6-cyclohexylphenol)), 2, 2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol (including 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol)), butylated toluene (hydrazine), containing impurities Atomic bisphenols (including: 26_二-第

Di-α-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 4,4-sulfenyl (6-t-butyl-m-oxime); and the like), mercaptoaminophenols, 2,6 -di-t-butyl-4-(N,hT-dimethylaminomethylphenol, thioether (including: bis(3-indolyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylbenzyl) thioether) Bis(3,5·di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoinyl) sulfide; and analogs thereof; and phenolic uv absorbers and light stabilizers. Certain preferred phenols comprise alkylated monophenols Such as tocopherols, BHT, hydroquinone and the like. Some special phenols include tocopherols and the like.

Made by industry. The compositions of the present invention may employ a single phenolic compound and/or a mixture of two or more. Any of a wide variety of epoxides are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. While the applicant does not wish to be bound by any theory of operation or theoretically, it is believed that the epoxides of the present invention act as acid scavengers in the compositions and thus readily increase the stability of the compositions. The inventive composition may use a mixture of mono-aromatic epoxides and/or family epoxides. Examples of the aromatic epoxides include those of the following (10): 10H84.doc (i) 1378140 R-At-O-CH2 0-/Λ h2 wherein R is hydrogen 'hydroxy, alkyl, fluoroalkyl , aryl, fluoroaryl or octadecyl-CH2-CH--CH2;

Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl moiety. Some preferred aromatic epoxides of formula I include those phenyl epoxides wherein Ar is a pendant phenyl group or substituted with one or more substituents, wherein the substituents include alkyl, alkenyl, alkyne Base, aryl, alkaryl, dentate, dentate alkyl, functional alkenyl, halogenated alkynyl, dentate aryl, functional aralkyl, hydroxy, hetero atom and the like Suitable examples of compounds of formula I substituted or substituted phenyl are butyl phenyl dehydroglyceryl ether; amyl phenyl dehydroglyceryl ether; hexyl phenyl dehydroglyceryl ether; Water glyceryl hydrazine, octyl styryl dehydroglyceryl hydrazine; nonylphenyl degaffinyl mystery; nonyl phenyl dehydroglyceryl ether; dehydroglyceryl methyl phenyl ether; hydrazine, 4 _ Dehydroglyceryl phenyl diether, 4-methoxyphenyl dehydroglyceryl ether; derivatives and analogs thereof. Certain other preferred aromatic epoxides of formula I include those arsenyls wherein Ar is a stretching group or an extended naphthyl group substituted with one or more substituents, wherein the substituents include alkyl 'alkenyl groups , alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, dentate, alkyl halide, halogenated alkenyl, functional alkynyl, halogenated aryl, functional arylalkyl, thiol, heteroatom moiety and the like. Examples of suitable compounds of formula I wherein Ar is unsubstituted or substituted for the naphthyl group include naphthyl dehydroglyceryl groups; 101184.doc -18- 1378140 1 '4 a dehydroglycerylnaphthyl diether oxime derivative thereof And similar. *", his example of δ singular cyclization includes dioxygen%, such as 2,2'[[[5·heptadecafluorooctyl]1,3-extension base] double [[2,2, 2 Trifluoromethyl]ethylidene]oxymethylene]dioxane ρ and analogs. In certain preferred embodiments, the aromatic epoxides useful in the present invention include those of the formula I wherein Ar is a stretched, substituted phenyl phenylene or substituted naphthyl. More preferably, the aromatic epoxides include epoxides of formula I wherein Ar is a phenylene group or a substituted substituent. Examples of certain more preferred aromatic epoxides include butyl phenyl dehydroglyceryl ether and the like. Any of a wide variety of alkyl and/or alkenyl epoxides are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Examples of suitable alkyl and alkenyl ring halides include these compounds of formula π: 0

RaIk~〇CH2-c0-'CH2

Wherein Ralk is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group. Preferred oxides of the formula π include alkyl epoxide compounds wherein Raik is a phenotype having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms' more preferably from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. The group may be unsubstituted or additionally substituted with one or more substituents, wherein the substituents include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, a sulphonic acid, an alkyl halide group, a halogenated alkenyl group, Halogenated alkynyl, functional aryl, functional aralkyl, hydroxyl, heteroatom moieties and the like. Examples of preferred alkyl epoxides of the formula II include n-butyl dehydroglyceryl ether, isobutyl dehydroglyceryl acid, hexanediol diglycidyl ether and the like, and fluorinated and Total gas 101184.doc •19· 1378140 Cyclosyl epoxide and the like. Some of the more preferred alkyl epoxides include hexanol-dehydrated mystery and the like. Some other preferred epoxides of the formula π include Ralk which is an alkenyl epoxide compound having from about 1 to about 1 碳 of carbon atoms, more preferably an alkenyl group of from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or additionally substituted with one or more substituents, wherein the substituents include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, halogen, dentate alkyl, dentate Alkyl, halogenated alkynyl, halogenated aryl, halogenated aralkyl, hydroxy, heteroatom moieties and the like. Examples of preferred alkenyl epoxides of the formula π include allyl diglycidyl ether fluorinated and perfluorinated alkenyl epoxides and the like. More preferred alkenyl epoxides include allyl de glyceryl ether and the like. The composition of the present invention may use a single alkyl epoxide or alkenyl epoxide and/or a combination of two or more thereof. In certain other preferred embodiments, the alkyl epoxides useful as acid scavengers in the compositions of the present invention include polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether.

Examples of the polypropylene glycol diglycidyl hydrazine which is palatable for use in the invention include those which are commercially available from the European company SACHEM. Moreover, the epoxide used in the present invention, in certain embodiments, comprises a combination of two or more aromatic, alkyl and/or alkenyl substituents. Such epoxides are generally referred to as "multi-substituted epoxides". The stabilizer used in the present invention comprises one or more diene matrix compounds, preferably a tie and/or a matrix compound. In some specific forms, the stabilizer comprises the diene matrix compound in combination with at least one sub-(tetra) compound and/or at least one compound and/or to 101 IS4.doc -20- 1378140 less aromatic, alkyl Or an alkenyl epoxide. Examples of suitable combinations of phenol and epoxide include stabilizers comprising: tocopherol and allyl dehydrated glyceryl ether, BHT and de glyceryl butyl ether and the like. Certain particularly preferred compositions comprise a stabilizer comprising: a tocopherol and allyl degaffylate and an analog. In certain embodiments, the preferred stabilizer comprises at least one diene matrix compound in combination. A phosphite compound.

Any suitable relative amount of at least one phenolic compound and at least one aromatic, alkyl or alkenyl epoxide may be employed in the preferred stabilizer. For example, the weight ratio of one or more compounds to - or a plurality of aromatic or fluoro(tetra) epoxides can vary from about 1:" to about some preferred embodiments, one or more phenolic compounds and one Or the weight ratio of the plurality of aromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, polysubstituted or fluorinated alkyl epoxides is from about 3 Torr to about 丨, preferably from about 7 to about 丨, more preferably from about 2 To Joel, the best is about 丨: 丨. Any suitable amount of a stabilizer may be used in the three gas armor of the present invention. As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the present invention; the amount of the agent 'when it is added to a composition containing tridoxymethane to produce a stable composition', which is compared to the original composition, Trifluoroiodomethane has a slower decomposition rate and/or a lower degree of decomposition under similar conditions or similar conditions. In some specific manifestations, the stabilizer's "effective safety" contains the addition of trifluoroiododecane. The composition can produce a stable amount of the composition, wherein the phase is lighter than the original composition, and Φ ^ *41, χα, V., and 6 hexamethylene difluoroiodomethane are at least in the standard test sa £ J1662 (1993 6 The monthly decomposition rate of the stabilizer T is slower and/or the degree of decomposition is lower. In the specific performance of a certain i, the stability of the stabilizer is included. The amount of the composition can be produced by adding a composition containing three 101184.doc 21 1378140 air moth, wherein the composition is at least in the standard test SAE; 1662 (issued in June 1993) and/or ASHRAE 97 refers to 3R The stability of the medium - if not good, but at least as contains dichlorodifluoro The comparable composition of the system (R_12) is as good as the mineral oil ten. Some preferred effective amounts of the stabilizer used in the present invention comprise from about 0 001 to about 10 weights, preferably from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the three emulsions of the composition of the present invention, more preferably from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight. From about 〇3 to about 4% by weight 'excellently from about 0.3 to about 1 by weight 0/〇. In certain preferred embodiments, the compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a lubricant. Any of a variety of conventional and non-conventional lubricants can be used in the compositions of the present invention. - An important requirement for a lubricant is that when used in a refrigerant system, there must be enough lubricant to return to the compressor of the system to lubricate the compressor. Therefore, the suitability of the lubricant for any given system is determined by the refrigerant/lubricant characteristics and in part by the characteristics of the system desired to be used. Examples of suitable lubricants are generally those that are utilized or designed to utilize hydrazine carbide (HFC) refrigerants, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, and hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, including mineral oils, polyfluorenes. Oxygen oils, polyalkylbenzenes (with PABs in the case), polyol esters (sometimes called p〇Es), polyalkylene glycols (sometimes called PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (sometimes called It is a pAG ester), a polyvinyl ether (sometimes called PVEs), a poly(α-olefin sometimes called pA〇s), and a halocarbonate oil, particularly poly(chlorodifluoroethylene) and the like. Mineral oils containing paraffinic oil or naphthenic tannin are commercially available. Commercially available mineral oils include Witco LP 250 (registered trademark) purchased by Witco, Zerol 300 (registered trademark) purchased by Shrieve Chemical, Sunisc〇3 (}S purchased from *Witc〇, and 101184.doc •22· 1378140

The commercially available polyalkylbenzene lubricants of Calumet R015e, which is commercially available from Calumet, include Zer® I 15® (registered trademark). Commercially available vinegars include neopentyl glycol diacetate obtained under Emery 2917 (registered trademark) and Hatcol 2370 (registered trademark). Commercially available PAGs include M〇t〇rcraft PAG refrigerant compressor oils available from F〇rd, and similar products are commercially available from d〇w. Commercially available PAOs include cp_46〇〇 purchased from CPI Engineering. Commercially available PVEs are available from Idemitsu Kosan. Commercial Jingde's pAG vinegar is available from Chrysler. Other useful esters include phosphates, dibasic esters, and fluoroesters. For refrigeration systems that use or design HFCs, PAGs, PAG esters, PVEs, and POEs are generally preferred as lubricants, especially for systems that include compression refrigeration, air conditioning (especially automotive air conditioning), and heat pumping. For refrigeration systems that use or design CFCs4HCFCs, mineral oil or PAB is generally preferred as a lubricant. In some preferred embodiments, the lubricant of the present invention is an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and hydrogen and having an oxygen/carbon ratio, wherein the oxygen/carbon ratio is used in combination to provide an effective/complexity degree and / or miscibility with the refrigerant to ensure that enough lubricant is returned to the compressor. This solubility or miscibility preferably occurs at least about _3 Torr. 〇 to 70 ° C temperature. PAGs & PAG esters are highly preferred in some specific applications because their purpose is particularly useful in applications such as mobile air conditioning systems. Polyol esters are highly preferred in some other specific applications because they are currently used in non-mobile applications such as residential, commercial and industrial air conditioning and refrigeration. However, different mixtures of different types of lubricants can be used. 101184.doc -23· 1378140 Uses of the Compositions The compositions of the present invention have utility in a wide variety of applications. For example, one embodiment of the invention is directed to a heat transfer composition, such as a refrigerant composition, comprising an azeotrope-like composition of the invention. The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can generally be modified for use in heat transfer applications, i.e., as heating and/or cooling media. While it is contemplated that the compositions of the present invention may comprise azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention and compositions containing one or more other φ compounds or compounds in varying amounts, it is generally preferred that the heat transfer compositions of the present invention (including refrigerant compositions) be substantially It consists of (in some specific expressions) an azeotrope-like composition of the invention. The heat transfer composition of the present invention can be used in any of a wide variety of refrigeration systems, including air conditioning (including fixed and mobile air conditioning systems), refrigeration, hot recording, HVAC systems, and the like, in some preferred embodiments. The compositions of the present invention are used in refrigeration systems where the original design uses HFC refrigerant such as, for example, HFC-134a or HCFC refrigerant such as HCFC-22. Preferably, the composition readily exhibits a plurality of desirable characteristics of HFC-134a and other commonly used HFC refrigerants, including Gwp as low as or lower than conventional HFC refrigerants, and substantially similar or consistently conforming to the refrigerants, The ability to be as high or higher as the best. Moreover, the extremely fixed boiling point properties of the compositions of the present invention make them even more suitable as refrigerants for many applications than some conventional HFCs. It is particularly preferred to use the heat transfer compositions of the present invention as replacements for HFC-134, HFC-152a, HFC-22, 12 and R-500. It is also believed that the compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in other applications, such as aerosols, blowing agents, and the like, as an alternative to the above listed compositions. 101184.doc -24- 1378140 In certain other preferred embodiments, the invention is generally used in heat transfer systems, particularly in refrigeration systems where the original design uses CFC-refrigerant. The preferred frozen composition of the present invention can be used in a refrigeration system comprising a lubricant (e.g., mineral oil, polyalkylbenzene, polyalkylene glycol, and the like) customarily used in combination with a CFC-refrigerant, or can be conventionally combined with The lubricant used in combination with HFC refrigerant is used together. The term "freezing system" as used herein generally refers to any system or device that uses refrigeration to provide cooling or any part or portion of the system or device. Such refrigeration systems include, for example, air conditioners, refrigerators, coolers (including coolers that utilize centrifugal compressors), transport refrigeration systems, commercial refrigeration systems, and the like. Many existing refrigeration systems are currently modified to be compatible with existing refrigerants, and it is believed that the compositions of the present invention can be used in a variety of such systems with or without system modifications. In many applications, the compositions of the present invention provide the advantage of being used as an alternative to small systems that are currently dominated by certain refrigerants, such as in the case of small colds; In the system of demand. Moreover, in the particular performance of the refrigerant compositions of the present invention where lower capacity is desired, such specific manifestations of the present invention provide a potential advantage based on, for example, the efficiency of replacing high capacity refrigerants. Therefore, in some specific embodiments, it is preferred to use the composition of the present invention, in particular, a composition of the present invention which comprises a periplasmic ratio of the composition of the invention and, in some specific expressions, substantially consists of the invention. The composition consisting of the composition is used as a substitute for the following existing refrigerants: HFC-134a; HCFCM2; HCFC. 22; HFC-152a; pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), trifluoroethane (HFC_143a) and PTFE Ethane (HFC-134a)i composition (hfc_125: hfc_101184.doc •25·1378140 143a: HFC-134a weight ratio of nearly 44:52:4 composition, called R-404A); HFC-32 , a combination of HFC-125 and HFC-134a (1^: 32: HFC-125: HFC-134a weight ratio of nearly 23: 25: 52 composition 'called R-407C); difluoromethane (HFC -32) Composition with pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) (HFC-32: HFC-125 weight ratio of nearly 50: 50 composition 'called R-410A); CFC-12 and 1,1 - a composition of difluoroethane (HFC-152a) (a composition of CFC-12: HFC-152a in a weight ratio of 73.8: 26.2, referred to as R-500); and a composition of HFC-125 and HFC-143a (HFC-125: HFC-143a weight ratio is nearly 50: 50 group , referred to as R-5 07A) » In certain embodiments, the composition of the invention is used to replace a composition having a weight ratio of HFC-32 : HFC-125 : HFC-134a of approximately 20:40:40 ( A refrigerant formed by a composition called r_4〇7A) and a weight ratio of approximately 15:15:70 (referred to as R-407D) is advantageous. It is also believed that the compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in other applications, such as aerosols, blowing agents, and the like, as a substitute for the above compositions. In some applications, the refrigerant of the present invention advantageously utilizes a larger displacement compressor, thereby producing a better energy efficiency than other refrigerants such as HFC-134a. Thus, the refrigerant composition of the present invention provides the possibility of achieving a competitive advantage based on the energy of the refrigerant replacement application. The compositions of the present invention are also expected to have advantages in cold rooms used in general commercial air conditioning and refrigeration systems (whether in the original system or as refrigerants such as CFC-12, HCFC-22, HFC-134a, HFC-152A, R-500). And when replacing R-507A). In certain embodiments of such specific manifestations, the compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight of a supplemental flammability inhibitor, 101184.doc • 26-1378140, preferably in some instances. Preferably, from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight of the supplemental flammability inhibitor' is, in some instances, from about 5% by weight to about 5% by weight of the supplement (4). In this regard, it is noted that the CF3mHFCM2 portion of the composition of the present invention can be used as a flammability inhibitor for other components of the composition in some particular performances. For example, it is believed that it can be used to suppress the flammability of -(1)(iv). If the composition contains other components with a higher flammability ratio than 1234yf, the fox (2) state can be used to suppress

The flammability of these other components. Thus, a component that differs from 123_ and CF3l and which has a flammability inhibitor function in the composition is sometimes referred to herein as a supplemental flammability inhibitor. Similarly, Applicants have appreciated that the CF3I component of the compositions of the present invention can act as a slip agent in certain embodiments, and thus components other than CF3I and having a lubricating function are sometimes referred to herein as supplemental lubricants. The methods, systems, and compositions of the present invention can thus be modified for use in automotive air conditioning systems and components, commercial refrigeration; East systems and components, coolers (including systems utilizing centrifugal compressors), residential colds; east and cold; Beamers, general air conditioning systems, heat pumps and the like. As described above, the compositions of the present invention may include other knives for improving or providing certain functions of the composition, or for reducing the cost of the composition in some examples, such as cold coal compositions according to the present invention, particularly The refrigerant composition used in the vapor compression system includes a replenishing lubricant, generally in an amount of ruthenium. From about 5 to about 50% by weight of the material. Further, the compositions of the present invention may also be formulated with a three phase granule (e.g., acrylic) to aid in the compatibility and/or dissolution of the slip agent. Preferably, such compatibilizers (including propyl, butyl and teriyaki) are present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of the composition of W1184.doc 27 1378140. A combination of a surfactant and a co-solvent may also be added to the compositions of the present invention to aid in oil solubility, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,516,837, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In certain embodiments, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention may comprise a co-refrigerant, including, for example, HFCs, HCFCs, and CFCs, including one or more of the following compounds and including any and all of the isomers thereof: (CFC-11) Dihydrodifluoromethane (CFC-12) Difluoromethane (HFC-32) Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) 1,I,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134) 1 1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (1^(:-1343) difluoroethene (HFC-152a) 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (11卩(:-22763) Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) M'1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) 丄,1'1,3,3·pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) Water C02 can be relative Any of the above components, as well as any additional components which may be included in the compositions of the present invention, are incorporated into the compositions of the present invention in amounts depending on the application of the composition and all such relative amounts are considered to be Within the scope of the present invention, the conditions of 6 hai and the like are preferably not detrimental to the above-mentioned HFO_ 1234 and CF3I. 101184.doc • 28· 1378140 boiling properties. The present invention can use various methods for introducing the refrigerant composition of the present invention into a refrigeration system. Any of them. For example, a method includes attaching a refrigerant container to a low pressure side of a refrigeration system and opening a refrigeration system compressor to push refrigerant into the system. In such specific embodiments, the refrigerant container can be placed on a scale to allow the refrigerant composition to enter The amount of the system can be monitored until β has introduced the desired amount of refrigerant composition into the system, and the loading is stopped. Alternatively, various charging tools known to those skilled in the art are commercially available. Under the guidance of the above disclosure, those skilled in the art can easily introduce the refrigerant composition of the present invention into the refrigeration system according to the present invention without undue experimentation. According to some other specific embodiments, the present invention provides a refrigerant comprising the present invention. a cold beam system and a method of heating or cooling by condensing and/or evaporating a composition of the invention. In certain preferred embodiments, the cooling method includes direct or indirect cooling of other fluids or direct or indirect cooling of the object. This includes condensing a refrigerant composition containing the composition of the present invention, and then evaporating the refrigerant composition in the vicinity of the fluid or object to be cooled. The term "object" as used herein is intended to mean inanimate objects as well as living tissues, including general animal tissues 'especially human tissues. For example, certain aspects of the invention include applying the compositions of the invention to human tissue to achieve _ or multiple therapeutic purposes such as pain relief techniques, as a pre-anesthetic or as part of a treatment that includes lowering the body temperature of the individual to be treated. In some specific manifestations, the individual's application includes providing a willingness, a better system a composition of the invention in a liquid state in a Garlic container and discharging the liquid from the pressurized container by spraying or coating the composition on the individual' wherein the dusting container has a one-way exhaust I0I184.doc -29- 1378140 Valves and / or nozzles. When the liquid evaporates from the sprayed surface, the surface cools. A preferred method of heating the fluid or individual comprises condensing the refrigerant composition comprising the azeotrope-like composition of the present invention in the vicinity of the fluid to be heated or in the vicinity of the individual and evaporating the refrigerant composition. Under the guidance of the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will be able to easily heat and cool the article according to the present invention without undue experimentation.

In another embodiment, the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be used as sprays in sprayable compositions, either alone or in combination with known sprays. The spray composition comprises an azeotrope-like composition of the invention, more preferably consists essentially of the composition, and is preferably comprised of the composition. The active ingredient to be sprayed can also be spray-blended together with inert ingredients, solvents and other substances. In. The f-fog mixture is preferably an aerosol. Suitable sprayable active substances include (unrestricted) makeup oral substances such as herbicides, essences, hair

Sprays, cleaning solvents and lubricants, as well as pharmaceutical substances such as anti-asthmatic drugs and medicines. The term pharmaceutical substance as used herein broadly encompasses any and all materials believed to be at least believed to be effective in the treatment, diagnosis, analgesic, and the like, and includes, for example, a pharmaceutical and a biologically active substance. Another aspect of the invention is directed to a blowing agent comprising - or a plurality of azeotrope-like compositions of the invention. Generally, the blowing agent may comprise a m, boiling composition having a greatly varying content. However, such blowing agents generally comprise at least about 5% by weight, and preferably at least about 15% by weight, of the azeotrope-like composition, as measured by the blowing agent. In certain preferred embodiments, the blowing agent is less than about 5% by weight of the composition of the invention, and in certain embodiments 101184.doc 1378140, the edge blowing agent consists essentially of the composition of the invention. In some preferred embodiments, the blowing agent comprises, in addition to the composition of the present invention, one or more of a co-foaming filler, a gas pressure modifier, a flame suppressant, a stabilizer, and the like. . In other specific embodiments, the present invention provides a foamable composition. The foamable compositions of the present invention generally comprise one or more foam-forming components and a blowing agent according to the present invention, wherein the foam has a general gas chamber structure. In one particular embodiment, the one or more components comprise a thermosetting composition that forms a foam and/or a foamable composition. Examples of the thermosetting composition include polyamine 曱k g 曰 and polyisocyanate foaming compositions and phenolic foaming compositions. In the particular manifestation of such thermoset foams, one or more of the present invention-components are included as part of the foaming agent in the foamable composition, or as part of two or more foamable compositions. Preferably, it comprises or consists of a component which can be reacted and/or foamed under suitable conditions to form a foam or gas cell structure. In some other specific manifestations, the one or more components φ comprise a thermoplastic material, in particular a thermoplastic polymer and/or a resin. Examples of the thermoplastic foaming component include polyolefins such as polystyrene (ps), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) (ρΕτ) and foaming therefrom Preferably, the material is a low density foam. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic foamable composition is an extrudable composition. In particular, in view of the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the order and manner of forming the blowing agents of the present invention and/or incorporating them into the foamable compositions generally does not affect the operability of the present invention. For example, in the case of an extrudable foam, the various components of the blowing agent, even the components of the composition of the invention, may be introduced into the extrusion apparatus without mixing 101184.doc -31 - 1378140, or even The components are added to the same location in the extrusion apparatus. Thus, in certain embodiments, it is desirable to introduce one or more blowing agent components into the first location in the extruder, which is located at one or A variety of other blowing agent component additions are upstream and it is contemplated that the components can be mixed together in the extruder and/or more efficiently operated in this manner. However, in some embodiments, two or more blowing agent components are combined in advance and introduced into the foamable composition either directly or as part of the premix, and then the remainder of the foamable composition is additionally Partially added to the premix. The present invention also relates to a foamed product made from a polymer foaming formulation containing the composition of the present invention, preferably as a part of a foaming agent, preferably a closed cell foam. In certain preferred embodiments, dispersants, air cell stabilizers, surfactants, and other additives may also be incorporated into the blowing agent compositions of the present invention. The surfactant is optionally used, but it is preferred to add it as a gas ampoules. Certain representative materials are sold under the names DC-193, B-8404, and L-5340, which are generally polyoxyalkylene polyalkylene oxide inlaid copolymers such as these U.S. Patents 2,834,748, 2,917,480 and What is not disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,846,458, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Other additives for the blowing agent mixture may comprise a flame retardant or a flame suppressant such as tris(2·ethylidene)phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate's tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) Acid vinegar, Μ 1 Aff — (i, 3 · dichloropropyl) carboxylic acid ester, phosphoric acid divalent, various halogenated aromatic tertiary compounds, cerium oxide, aluminum trihydrate, polyethylene gas and the like. Any method well known in the art, such as these "polyurethane chemistry and technology 10H84.doc • 32 · 1378140 surgery "'s I and II, Saunders and Frisch, 1962, john WiIey and

The methods described in Sons, New York, NY, which is incorporated herein by reference, may be used or modified for use in the specific performance of the foams in accordance with the present invention. Other uses of the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention include Used as a solvent, detergent and the like. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to modify the compositions of the present invention for use in such applications without undue experimentation. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting in any way. Example 1 A boiling point meter consisting of a vacuum tube and an upper condenser and additionally equipped with a quartz thermometer (Quartz Thermometer) K96S4771 was used. Approximately 18 grams of HFO-1234yf was charged to the ebulliometer and CFI was added in small increments as measured. When CFj was added to HF〇-1234yf, a drop in temperature was observed indicating the formation of a binary minimum boiling azeotrope. The boiling point of the composition changes from about greater than about 〇 to about 75 wt% of CF3I' by about 2 ° C or less. The binary mixtures shown in Table 1 were studied and the boiling points of the compositions were changed by about 2 ° C or less. The compositions exhibit azeotropic and/or azeotrope-like properties within this range. 101184.doc 33- ^140 Table 1 HFO-1234yf/CF3I composition at 14.26 psia wt% HFO-1234yf wt% CF3I temperature (°C) 100.00 0.00 -28.456 98.45 1.55 -29.143 91.91 8.09 -29.781 82.63 17.37 -29.948 71.73 28.27 -30.112 63.67 36.33 -30.220 56.94 43.06 ---- -30.367 50.77 49.23 -30.112 45.69 54.31 — -29.879 42.02 57.98 -29.693 36.78 63.22 -29.339 34.00 66.00 -29.074 31.46 68.54 '28.721 29.17 70.83 ---^ "28.505 26.53 73.47 -27.966 25.26 74.74 -27.720, Example 2 The coefficient of performance (COP) is a generally accepted measure of the performance of a refrigerant. The relative thermodynamic efficiency of the representative, medium in a particular heating or cooling cycle is 7 7 and U has 101184.doc - 34 - 1378140 used, in which the heating or cooling cycle is packaged in the cold-construction project, this (four) medium evaporation and condensation. When the energy is applied, 'can be used cold; east and compressor refrigerant capacity represents cooling or adding some of the capacity of the refrigerant in the given refrigerant. 合 ... 梃 梃 一 一 7 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机 压缩机. For delta, provide a specific compressor, cooling or heating power. - Species in specific ==: more shipping

Estimating the COP of the refrigerant under the conditions

The traitor is estimated from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard cold cycle analysis techniques (see, for example, R.c. DGWning, Chaotic Carbide Refrigerant Manual, Chapter 3 'Prentice-HaU, 1988). The refrigeration/air conditioning cycle system has a specific condenser temperature (CT) and evaporator temperature (et) at nominally equal compression and at a particular compressor inlet temperature. C〇p is a composition of the invention comprising 75 wt% HF〇_ 1234 μm 25 wt% 叩 at a range of condensers and evaporator temperatures listed in Table 2 below &HFc i34a having a COP value of 1.00, i.oo capacity The value is measured on the basis of the exhaust temperature of 175 〇F.

This example illustrates the excellent properties of the compositions of the present invention as a replacement for hfc-134a in four types of refrigerant systems. The first system was a system with an evaporator temperature (ET) of about 20 °F and a condenser temperature (CT) of about 13 stimuli (Example 2A). For convenience, such heat transfer systems, i.e., systems having a Ετ of about 〇〇F to about 35 〇F and a CT of from about 80oF to about 130oF are referred to herein as "medium temperature" systems. The second system is a system with an ET of about -10oF and a CT of about 11 〇〇f (Example 2B). For convenience of such heat transfer systems, systems having an evaporator temperature of from about -20 °F to about 20 °F and a CT of from about 80 °F to about 130 °F are referred to herein as "cold; bundle/cold bead" System. The third system is an ET of about 3 5 0F 10I184.doc -35· 1378140

And CT is a system of about 150 F (Example 2C). For convenience, the heat transfer system, i.e., the steamer, has a temperature of about 30 and is scared to about 6 inches. A system with a ^ of about 9 〇〇F to about 200 °F is referred to herein as an "automatic Ac" system. The fourth system is an ET of about 40 〇F and a CT of about 95 〇F. System (Example 2D). For convenience, such heat transfer systems, i.e., systems having an evaporator temperature of from about 35 C)F to about 5 〇〇F and a CT of from about 80 °F to about 120 °F, are referred to herein as " Cooler AC" System. The series of operations performed by these systems using R-134a and the inventive compositions comprising 75% by weight of HFO-1234yf and 25% by weight of CF3I are listed in Table 2a_D below: Table 2

Table 2A - Medium temperature conditions 20 °F ET and 130oF CT

R-134a HFO-1234yf/CF3I Performance characteristics Unit capacity # Relative to R-134a Btu/hour % 2541 2519 99.1% COP Relative to R-134a % 2.31 2.27 98.3% Exhaust pressure relative to R-134a Psig % 198.7 190.3 95.8 % Pumping pressure vs. R-134a Psig % 18.4 22.5 122.3% Mass flow vs. R-134a lb/hr % 0.673 0.958 142.3% Capacity per compressor displacement (volume) per CFM 101184.doc -36· Table 2B_Freezer/Freezer Temperature Conditions -1〇0F ET and 110〇F CT p~-- ϋ _124a HFO-1234vf/CFiI Characteristic Ability* Relative to R-134a One-Single~' '~~—-- ---- χν· 1 J *Ύα Btu/hour% 1234 1293 104.8% C〇p — relative to R-134a —— --____ % 1.77 1.71 96.6% Exhaust pressure relative to R-134a ---- Pumping pressure relative to R-134a — Psig % -------- 146.4 145.4 99.3% Psig % 1.9 6.0 315.8% Mass flow relative to R-134a lb/hr % 0.342 0.427 124.9% *Capacity per CFM Compressor displacement (volume)

Table 2C - Automatic AC temperature condition 35. ? ΕΤ and 150°F CT ___ R-134a HFO-1234yf/CF3I Performance characteristics Unit capacity* Relative to R-134a Btu/hour % 2754 2612 94.8% COP Relative to R-134a % 1.91 1.84 96.3% Exhaust pressure relative to R -134a Psig % 262.9 247.3 94.1% Pumping pressure vs. R-134a Psig % 30.4 34.5 113.5% Mass flow relative to R-134a lb/hr % 0.891 ---- 1.235 138.6% * Capacity per CFM compressor row Gas volume (capacity _ f 1011S4.doc -37- 1378140 Table 2D - cooler temperature conditions 45 °F ET and 95 °F CT HFO-1234yf / CF3I performance characteristics unit capacity * Btu / hour relative to R-134a % 90- 100 COP vs. R-134a % 90-100 Exhaust pressure • Relative to R-134a % 90-100 Pumping pressure relative to R-134a % 90-120 Mass flow relative to R-134a % 90-150 * Capability is Compressor Discharge Per CFM (Volume Volume) As can be seen from the above table, many important refrigeration system performance parameters are very close to the parameters of R-134a. Because many existing refrigeration systems are R_U4a or other refrigerants with characteristics similar to R-134a. Designed, those skilled in the art will understand that low Gwp and / or low ozone layer consumption of refrigerant A qualitative advantage, the cold coal can be used as a substitute for R-134a or a similar refrigerant with minimal system improvement. It is contemplated that in certain embodiments, the present invention provides an upgrade method comprising replacing the refrigerant of the prior system with the composition of the present invention, The system is not substantially modified. In some preferred embodiments, the replacement step is replaced in the sense that it does not require substantial redesign of the system and does not require replacement of the main items of the device to accommodate the refrigerant of the present invention. In some preferred embodiments, the methods include the system capability 101184, doc-38·1378140 is at least a refinement of the system capacity before the replacement. The spoon 70 / 〇 ' is preferably at least about 85%, which is excellent at least About 9〇% 兮笙+ tongue replacement. In some better specific performances, the method of finding the system includes the pumping pressure and/or exhaust pressure of the station of the system, which is excellent for the system before the replacement. At least about 7%, preferably at least about 9%, and preferably at least about 95% of the throw-in replacement. In some preferred embodiments, the edge method includes the mass flow of the system as the system before the replacement. At least about, excellent to 90% of the thrown instead. 101184.doc 39-

Claims (1)

Sakamoto, apply for a patent, t; Patent Application No. 094112286 (Replacement of Chinese Patent Application No. (April 2011) Azeotrope-like composition, which is basically from about 25 to less than 2% by weight of 2'3,3,3- Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene and greater than 〇 to about 75% by weight of the mountain composition 0 2. The azeotrope-like composition of item i, which is substantially from about W to about Μ weight / 0 of 2, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene_ι_diluted with a composition of about 15 to about 7 wt% of cpj. 3. The azeotrope-like composition of the present invention, which is substantially from about h to about 25%, 3'3,3_tetrafluoropropene and about 3 to about & composition. 4. An azeotrope-like composition as claimed in claim 2, which is substantially from about μ to about 7% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 3 to about 55% by weight. The composition of ^31. 5·such as: The azeotrope-like composition consists essentially of from about 5 Torr to about 2% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane d•dilth and from about 4 Torr to about 5 Å by weight Mew. 6. 9. The composition of claim 1 which has a boiling point of about 281 to about _31 〇c under a pressure of about U.26 Pa (Psia). For example, the composition of claim 1 is at a pressure of about 14 26 Pa and has a boiling point of from about 29 ° C to about -31 t. The azeotrope-like composition of the monthly claim 1 having a pressure of about -30 at a pressure of about 14.26 Pa. . To about 31. . The boiling point. And a combination comprising the composition of claim 1 and a minor adjuvant, wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of a supplementary lubricant, a compatibilizer, and an interfacial activity 101184-1010430.doc 1378140 ίο. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Agents, supplemental flame inhibitors, co-solvents, dispersants, air-conditioners, cosmetics, polishes, pharmaceuticals, detergents, flame retardants, colorants, chemical sterilants, stability A group of agents, polyols, polyol premix components, and combinations of two or more thereof. A heat transfer composition comprising the composition of claim 9 wherein the adjuvant comprises at least one lubricant. The heat transfer composition of claim 10, wherein the supplementary lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, polyoxyalkylenes (PABs), polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), A group consisting of polyalkylene glycol esters (pAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs), poly(α-olefins) (pA〇s), and combinations thereof. Such as. The heat transfer composition of claim 11, wherein the adjuvant additionally comprises at least one compatibilizer. As claimed in claim 12, the hydrazine comprises from about G5 to about 5 by weight. The at least one compatibilizer. If the claim compound is claimed, wherein the or the replenishing slip agent comprises from about 5 to about 50 weights of the heat transfer composition, the heat transfer composition of claim (4), which comprises - or more = a flame retardant. The heat transfer composition of claim 15 wherein the one or more flame suppressants are present in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 3% by weight based on the heat transfer composition. A heat transfer composition comprising an azeotrope-like composition as claimed in claim i. - A heat comprising at least about 5 Gf of the azeotrope-like composition as claimed. 101184-1010430.doc 1378140 19. A refrigerant comprising the heat transfer composition of claim 17. 20. A refrigeration system comprising the heat transfer composition of claim 19. 21 • The refrigeration system of claim 20, which is selected from the group consisting of automotive air conditioning systems, residential air conditioning systems 'commercial air conditioning systems, residential chiller systems, residential colds; east systems, commercial chiller systems, commercial chiller systems, cooling Air conditioning system cooler cooling system 'hot Lipu system and a combination of two or more of its composition. 22. A blowing agent comprising an azeotrope-like composition as claimed. 23. A foaming agent comprising at least about 5% by weight of an azeotrope-like composition as claimed. 24. A foamable composition comprising one or more components which form a foam and an azeotrope-like composition as claimed. 25. The foamable composition of claim 24, wherein the one or more foam-forming components comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam a component of a foam of the group consisting of a low density polyethylene foam, an extruded thermoplastic foam, a polyurethane foam, and a polyisocyanurate foam. 26. The foamable composition of claim 25, additionally comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a gas cell stabilizer, a surfactant, a flame retardant sword, and combinations of two or more thereof. 27. A foam formed from the foamable composition of claim 26. 2 8. A closed cell foam comprising the foam of claim 27. 29. A method of replacing an existing refrigerant contained in a chilled coal system, comprising removing at least a portion of the existing refrigerant from the system and comprising an azeotrope-like composition as claimed in claim 10 of 10M 84-1010430.doc 1378140. A refrigerant composition is introduced into the system to replace at least a portion of the existing refrigerant. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the existing refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of HFC-134a, R-12, HFC-143a, HFC-125, HFC-32, R-500, HFC-152a, and HFC-22, and combinations thereof a group of objects. 31. The method of claim 29 wherein the existing refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of hfC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-125, HFC-32, and combinations thereof. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the existing refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of HFC-丨43a, HFC-125, HFC-32, and combinations thereof. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the existing refrigerant system includes at least one first compressor having a first amount of exhaust gas and additionally comprising removing the first compressor from the system and causing at least one exhaust gas to be greater than the first The second compressor of a compressor is inserted into the system. The method of claim 29, wherein the existing refrigerant system is selected from the group consisting of a car air conditioning system, a residential air conditioning system, a commercial air conditioning system, a residential freezer system, a residential freezer system, a commercial freezer system, a commercial freezer system, and a cooling system. An air conditioning system, a cooler cold bead system, a heat pump system, and a combination of two or more thereof. 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the ability of the system after the replacing step is at least about 9% of the capacity of the system prior to the removing step. 36. For example. The method of claim 29, wherein the mass flow of the system after the replacing step is at least about 9% of the mass flow of the system prior to the removing step. 37. The method of claim 29, wherein the refrigerant has a global warming potential (GWP) of no more than about 1 冷 for the refrigerant of claim 9 in June. 101184-1010430.doc 1378140 38. A sprayable composition comprising a spray material and a propellant comprising an azeotrope-like composition such as Kiss 1. 39. The sprayable composition of claim 38, ', the aerosol form in yours. 40. The sprayable composition of claim 39, wherein the sprayable material is selected from the group consisting of cosmetics, cleaning solvents, lubricants, and pharmaceutical substances. The mistable composition of claim 40, which comprises a pharmaceutical substance and wherein the medical substance is a pharmaceutical or biologically active substance. 42. A method of sterilizing an article, the package comprising a head c栝7 contacting the article with a composition comprising the composition of claim 1. 43_ - A method of cooling an article, which comprises condensing a composition comprising a mixture of sputum, sputum, and sputum, and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article to be cooled. A method of heating an article, which comprises condensing a composition as claimed in claim 9 in the vicinity of an article to be heated, and then evaporating the refrigerant composition. 45. The composition of claim 1, which additionally comprises an effective amount of a stabilizer. The composition of claim 45, wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of a diene matrix compound, a phosphonium ester, a phenol compound, and a ring. A group of oxides and combinations of two or more thereof. 47. The composition of claim 46, wherein the stabilizer is present in an amount of from about 〇 〇 〇丨 to about 丨〇 by weight based on the total weight of the sulphur and the iodine carbide in the composition. 48. The composition of claim 1, which additionally comprises an effective amount of a tranquilizer. 49. The composition of claim 48, wherein the stabilizer comprises at least one of a 10H84-i010430.doc lJ/δ conjugate and at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound, an alkyl ring A group of oxides, alkenyl epoxides, and two or more compounds thereof. ° 50. A refrigerant composition comprising an azeotrope-like composition as claimed. 51. A refrigeration system comprising a refrigerant as claimed in claim 50. 52. A method of cooling an article' which comprises condensing a refrigerant charge such as a request, and then evaporating the refrigerant composition in the vicinity of the article to be cooled. 53. A method of heating an article comprising condensing a refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 50 adjacent to the article to be heated, and then evaporating the refrigerant composition. 54. A sprayable composition comprising a substance to be sprayed and a propellant comprising an azeotrope-like composition as claimed in claim 1. 55. The sprayable composition of claim 54, wherein the sprayable composition is an aerosol. 101184-1010430.doc