TWI359221B - A method of making a fiber preform for manufacturi - Google Patents
A method of making a fiber preform for manufacturi Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI359221B TWI359221B TW094146397A TW94146397A TWI359221B TW I359221 B TWI359221 B TW I359221B TW 094146397 A TW094146397 A TW 094146397A TW 94146397 A TW94146397 A TW 94146397A TW I359221 B TWI359221 B TW I359221B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- fabric
- carbon
- particles
- preform
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetraethoxydecane Chemical compound C(C)OC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQOCWZYNIHZYSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[Ti](CC)(CC)CC.O Chemical compound CC[Ti](CC)(CC)CC.O KQOCWZYNIHZYSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- -1 H 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KFVPJMZRRXCXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [He].[O] Chemical compound [He].[O] KFVPJMZRRXCXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012700 ceramic precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
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- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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Description
1359221 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種製備供製造併入陶瓷粒子之碳/碳型 複合物材料部件之纖維預成型物的方法及由此製得之產 物。 【先前技術】 本發明係關於製備供製造由碳/碳(c/c)複合物材料(亦 即,具有碳纖強化材料及主要由碳製成之基質)製成之部件 之纖維預成型物的方法。 本發明之一種應用領域為由c/c複合物材料製成之摩擦 部件’且更特定’係供飛機制動器使用之盤。 為了改良由C/C複合物材料製成之制動器盤的耐磨性,美 國專利第6 376 43 1號涵蓋將陶瓷(且更特定地,碳化矽(Sic)) 併入該碳纖強化材料内。為此目的,使用含Si〇2先質之溶 I凝膝型/谷液&潰該強化材料或預成型物,經熱處理後, 該溶液可以使Sic顆粒實質上均勻地遍佈在該預成型物 内。當以此種方式導入時,Sic之重量%小:不超過該複合 物材料重量之1 %。 該已知方法要求預成型物在經製成後必需經處理。該處 理步驟可以在多個階段(浸潰前及後)内進行,這些階段冗長 且費用大’而且必需小心進行以避免使該經浸潰預成型物 (在該情況下,其既重又軟)變形。此外,在受控方法中不可 能改變該預成型物内該等Sic粒子之濃度。申請者亦已發現 SiC粒子之存在會減弱破纖維構成之該強化材料而影響該 107665.doc 1359221 複合物材料之機械性質。在容易接受機械應力之制動器盤 的部份(諸如’可傳送制動扭矩之制動器盤之核)中,且更詳 細地’在需要傳送很高程度之扭矩之飛機制動器中保持良 好機械性質特別重要。制動器盤之核的弱化並不被接受。 本發明之一目標為可以將陶瓷粒子併入供複合物材料部 件使用之纖維預成型物内且可避免上述缺點。 【發明内容】
根據本發明,可藉由製備供複合物材料部件使用之纖維預 成型物的方法而達成該目標,該方法包括: a) 將或多種具有碳或碳先質之二維纖維織物浸潰在溶 液或懸浮液中該可以使離散陶究粒子之分散保留在該纖維 織物上溶液或懸浮液;及 b) 藉由重4自碳或碳先質冑、维之該二維織物所形成之 層,並將該等層點合在—起而製得該纖維預成型物,至少
一些該等層係至少部份由先前浸潰在步驟a)中之二維織物 所形成。 外㈡勺隹邶玖琢預成型物前, 可藉由 >文潰用於製備該預占并】此 預成型物之二維纖維織物而獲得該 預成型物之層中之陶瓷粒子之分散。 可以自重疊該纖維織物 之層的位置之上游處在該纖維織 該浸潰步驟。接著可以將此種浸潰步驟併入該製 備預成型物之方法内’且不需要大修飾。 此外,可以在撰用士、'+丄 .,. 中輕易地進行浸潰步驟以在該預 成i物内具有所欲濃度之 是粒子或可限制陶瓷粒子在該 107665.doc 1359221 預成型物之特定區域内的存在。 可藉由使該織物連續通過一浴或將該溶液或懸浮液喷淋 在該織物上而進行本發明方法中之該二維纖維織物的浸潰 步驟。 可使用含陶瓷先質之溶膠凝膠溶液,該經分散陶瓷粒子 係在經後續熱處理後而獲得。更詳細地,可使用溶膠凝膠 溶液,其在乾燥後可留下氧化物粒子之分散,更詳細地, 諸如,耐火氧化物粒子,特定地,諸如,Ti〇2、Zr〇2、Hf〇2, 及Si〇2 ^分饰在纖維織物内之該氧化物含量較佳在該纖維 織物之0.1至20重量%範圍内,更特佳在}至丨5重量%範圍 内。接著,於熱處理下在纖維織物内藉由與該等纖維内之 碳反應,該等氧化物粒子可轉變成耐火碳化物粒子。較佳 於在140CTC至1750t範圍内之溫度下在惰性大氣中進行該 熱處理.。 在一變式中’可使用平均直徑較佳不超過1 〇〇奈米(nm) 或甚至50奈米之氧化物粒子(特別為Ti〇2、Zr〇2、Hf〇2或 Sι〇2等之粒子)的膠態懸浮液。 無論什麼時候,該預成型物内SiC粒子之存在並非所欲, 可使用一種溶膠凝膠溶’其與會留下Si〇2粒子之分散的溶 膠凝膠溶液不同。 就製備止動預成型物而言,構成可機械性傳送制動扭矩 之盤部份之該纖維強化材料的預成型物部份最好由未經可 以使陶究粒子分散殘留在該織物内之溶液或懸浮液浸潰的 二維織物層製成。 107665.doc 丄 本發明另—方面係提供—種可以使用此種方法獲得之制 動器盤預成型物。亦即,一種預成型物係由碳纖維製成, 其包括耐火陶兗粒子分散在該預成型物内,其中構成該用 • X機械性傳送制動扭矩之盤部份之纖維強化材料的嗲 、 型物部份無或幾乎無H粒子。 "預成 本發明又另一方面亦提供具c/c複合物材料之制動器 盤’、其中該纖維強化材料係藉製備如上文定義之制動器盤 •=成型物的方法或自如上文定義之制動器盤預成型物而獲 得。 更特定地’本發明係、提供藉如上文定義之方法而獲得之 任何c/c複合物材料部件。 。在如使用此種方法所獲得之c/c複合物材料部件或制動 器盤之該含陶兗粒子部件中,該等陶究粒子之含量最 該複合物材料重量之〇」至5重量%。 【實施方式】 • 藉將二維織物層或多層重疊並黏合在-起而製備三維纖 維預成型物之方法為一種本質上已為吾人所熟知之方法。 該二維織物可以呈機織布、毛氈、編織品或具單向性或 多向性(UD或nD)之薄片的形式。仙薄片係由實質上彼此平 行延伸之長絲或紗線製成,該等長絲或紗線可能以橫向黏 合(例如,藉輕針刺法)以使該!;0薄片得到部份内聚力。nD 薄片係由以不同方向延伸及藉由,例如,針刺法、縫編法 等而黏合在一起之江個重疊的1;1>薄片製成。亦可以使用以 複雜形式之含布或具有無纖維之織物沉積於其上並藉由, 107665.doc 針刺法使其黏合之薄片的二維織物。特別可參考美 利第4 790 052號及第5 792 715號,該等專利係描述可 切割成預成型物(諸如,供制動器盤使用之環狀預成型物) 之針刺纖維板的製法。亦可參考歐洲專利〇 232 〇59文件, -系f田述藉重㉟¥狀層及藉圓形針刺法而製備環狀預成型 物之方法。 該二維織物亦可呈螺旋形織物(諸如,螺旋形布或編織帶 或其它可變形織物)之形式,該螺旋形織物係以重疊平面迴 轉捲凌以構成j衣狀纖維預成型物,其典型上為制動器盤預 成里物。可藉由針刺法將形成該重疊層之該等迴轉物黏合 在起可參考美國專利第ό 009 6〇5號及第6 363 593號。 在本發明貫例中,係在該預成型物之製造前或期間將 用於製備該預成型物之纖維織物浸潰以在該最終預成型物 内獲得陶瓷粒之所欲分散。 在圖1所示之特殊實施法中,係藉由含氧化物粒子先質之 洛膠凝膠溶液而浸潰(步驟丨1}具有碳纖維或.碳先質纖維(諸 如,nD薄片)之二維纖維織物。若使用具有碳先質纖維之織 物’則較佳選用已具有相當高碳含量之先質,例如,碳含 量不低於80%之先質。以實例說明,就得自預氧化聚丙烯 腈(PAN)之纖維而言,較佳於至少9〇〇〇c之溫度下預碳化後 進行浸潰步騾以使碳含量高至8〇%至95%範圍内之值。以所 欲氧化物粒子之性質為變數選用該溶膠凝膠溶液。以實例 說明’可藉由混合四乙氧基矽烷(TE0S)、構成Si〇2先質之 Si(OC2H5)4、乙醇、氫氟酸,及水而獲得含供矽氧Si〇2使用 I07665.doc -10· 1359221 之先質的溶膠凝膠溶液。後續乾燥後,為了獲得非;§丨〇2之 氧化物粒子,最好使用合適先質。因此,可藉由使用四乙 ’氧化鈦Ti(OCH2CH3)4以取代TEOS而獲得Ti〇2粒子,且可藉 由使用正-丁氧化錯Zr(0(CH2)3CH3)4以取代TEOS而獲得 Zr02粒子。 ' 應該發現可藉由將該溶膠凝膠喷淋至該織物之一表面或 兩表面上而浸漬該纖維織物,其係,例如,藉由使該纖維 _ 織物通過一或多個喷淋嘴或連同該織物之一或兩表面通過 數排噴淋嘴。亦可以使纖維織物通過溶膠凝膠溶液浴(較佳 繼而將該織物之液體流乾)而進行浸潰。 較佳以於後續乾燥後,該等耐火氧化物粒子分佈在該纖 維織物内之含量為該乾纖維織物重量之〇 1%至2〇%,且較 佳為1%至15%的方式調整該纖維織物之浸潰步驟。 重疊濕浸潰層,且當其重疊時漸進性地將其一起黏合。 可藉由如,例如,上述美國專利第4 79〇〇52號及第5 792 715 • 號所述之針刺法(步驟12)而進行黏合。可預計其它黏合技 術,諸如,經由該重疊層之編縫法或植線法。 一旦該三維纖維結構體之所欲厚度業經達到,在爐乾燥 器驟U)内進行乾燥,其可在所形成纖維預成型物中之纖 :上留下氧化物粒子分散。例如,於5〇β。至】範圍内之 服度:進行乾燥,費時12小時⑻至以小時範圍内之時間。 接著在惰性大氣(例如,氮)中進行熱處理(步驟14),於其 ^耐火氧化物粒子與該纖維結構物内之纖維的碳反應而 s.成耐火衩化物粒子。於14〇〇它至175〇它範圍内之溫度 107665.doc 1359221 下進行該熱處理’費時可長如4小時,浸潰纖維織物之 纖維仍然於碳先質階段時,可以在單一熱處理操作中進行 該等纖維之碳化反應及該等氧化物粒子轉變成耐火碳化物 之反應。應該發現可以在熱處理前或後,自該三維纖維結 構體切出其形狀相當於欲自複合物材料製成之該等部件之 形狀的三維纖維預成型物。在一變式中,可直接藉由將具 有所欲形狀之層-起重疊並針刺而獲得具所欲形狀 型物。 取 然後以已為吾人所孰去口夕古、土 .. 吸_),使用含一:多種=例如,藉由化學蒸氣滲 u3或夕種藉由於已確定溫度及愿力條件 下可分解而蓋生熱解碳之碳先質的反應氣相藉碳基質稠化 該等纖維預成型物(步驟15)。亦可藉由"液體"技術進行碳基 質之稠密化作用’亦即使用含碳先質(諸如,遞青或樹脂) 之液體組合物浸潰該預成型物,然後藉熱處理將該先質轉 變成碳。在任何情況下,可❹耐火碳化物粒子之分散 含量為該複合物材料最終重量之約〇 〇1%至1〇%,且較佳為 0.1至5。/。)以獲得C/C複合物材料部件。 圖2表示本發明方法之另—種實施方式。圖2之方法與圖i 之方法不同處為在將含耐火氧化物粒子分散之乾纖維織物 層-起重疊並點合以獲得纖維預成型物之步驟2 3 (與步驟 12類似)前’在爐(步驟21)内將浸潰在步驟21(與步驟U類似) 内之二維織物乾燥。接著進行該預成型物之熱處理(步驟 24’其與步驟14類似)及稠化(步驟25,其與步驟15類似)。 更詳細地,然而當藉由針刺法而黏合該等重疊層時,廣 107665.doc -12- 1359221 該發現較佳在乾燥前在濕層上進行針刺法,特定地,其可 避免當針刺乾纖維織物時將原纖維或微塵分散在環境中。 圖3表示特別可用於製備c/c複合物制動器盤之本發明方 %
法的又另-種實施方式。在圖3之具體實施例中,複合物材 料部件之製法如下: 使用溶膠凝膠溶液浸潰具有碳纖維或碳先f纖維之二維 纖維織物的步驟3U其與步驟ίο類似); 將多個濕浸漬層-起重疊並黏合(步驟32)以獲得纖維結 構體之第一厚度; 將多個二維纖維結構體(較佳使用與在步驟31中所浸潰 之織物相同之織物)之非浸潰層沉積在該纖維結構體之第 一厚度上(步驟33),該非浸潰纖維織物之層係彼此及與纖維 。構體之。亥第一層厚度的下一層層重疊並黏合以形成與該 第一厚度黏合之纖維結構體的第二厚度; 將多個纖維織物(較佳使用與在步驟3 1中所浸潰之織物 相同之纖维織物)之濕浸潰層沉積在該纖維結構體之第二 厚度上(步驟34)’這些浸潰纖維織物之層係彼此及與纖維結 構體之下層第二厚度黏合以形成與該第二厚度點合之纖 維結構體的第三厚度; 將該纖維結構體乾燥之步驟35,其與步驟13類似; 施用熱處理至該纖維預成型物之步驟36,其與步驟14類 似;及 將該纖維預成型物稠化之步驟37,其與步驟15類似。 D亥製法可製備具有鄰近該等耐火碳化物粒子分散於其中 107665.doc -13- 1359221 =該部件之對向面38a&38b之部份39a及39b,及具有耐火 碳化物粒子或實際上無耐火碳化物粒子之中央部份之 =複合物㈣部件38(圖7)。(於步驟33之針刺步驟期間很 少、量之該浸潰組合物可能遷移入該預成型物之中央部份内) • 在含耐火碳化物粒子之該複合物材料的此等部份中,該等 子之3 I較佳為該複合物材料重量之約至$重量%。 *就由c/c複合物材料製成之制動器盤而言,因此可以將該 • $耐火碳化物粒子之存在侷限在該圓盤之摩擦部份,而用 以機械性傳動制動扭矩之該圓盤的核並沒有或實際上無耐 火碳化物粒子。 /應該發現如圖2所示之變式中,將該浸潰二維結構體乾燥 後,可製得該三維纖維結構體。 ,亦應該發現使用經含不同濃度之耐火氧化物先質之溶膠 凝^谷液浸潰之層,及未經浸潰之層可構成在該預成型物 之厚度間具有耐火碳化物粒子之任何所欲非均勻分佈 維預成型物。 圖4表示本發明又另一實施法的步驟’其中該三維纖維結
構體係藉由捲繞螺旋形二維纖維織物(例如,螺旋形機 而製得。 J 提供一螺旋形布條(步驟41),並較佳在該螺旋形布條通 $一或多則淋嘴下藉喷淋含耐火氧化㈣質之溶膠凝膠 液(諸如,用於步驟丨〗之該溶液)而連續浸潰該布條(步驟 以環形迴轉或具重疊平面之層捲纏該浸潰布條(步驟 107665.doc 13^9221 )例如,藉針刺法將各該迴轉彼此黏合(步驟44)以形成 環形纖維預成型物。 旦已達到該纖維預成型物之所欲厚度’則在爐内使其 、 乾燥。乾燥步驟45與步驟14類似。 ·. 、後進行熱處理步驟46(與步驟14類似)及稍密化步驟 47(與步驟15類似)。 該方法可製備具有耐火碳化物粒子分散於其中之c/c複 φ 合物材料的環形部件。 藉改變喷淋至該螺旋形織物條上之該溶膠凝膠溶液的組 合物及藉暫時干擾該溶液喷淋至該連續移動條上之步驟, 可控制在該環形預成型物之厚度的不同區域内之耐火碳化 物粒子之密度。更詳細地,可以將該等耐火碳化物粒子之 存在侷限於特定區域,因此如上述,可產生例如,具有不 含或實際上無此等粒子之核部份的c/c複合物材料制動器 盤。 Φ 在上文令,已假定該二維纖維織物係經含氧化物先質之 溶膠凝膠溶液浸潰。 在一變式中,可使用具有氧化物之膠態懸浮液,例如, .具有Zr02、Ti02、Hf02、Si02等之膠態溶液。乾燥後,該 等氧化物粒子可藉由熱處理而與如上述之該纖維織物之纖 維的碳反應以轉變成耐火碳化物粒子。 當使用懸浮液時(特別為當製造摩擦部件時),該等氧化 物粒子之平均尺寸應該較較小於100奈米或甚至小於5〇奈 米。C/C複合物摩擦部件中具有相當大尺寸之固體陶瓷粒子 I07665.doc -15- 1359221 的存在可加速磨耗。所插人之該等耐火氧化物粒子之含量 可以為該纖維織物乾重之〇·β2〇"%,且 重量%。 ~ m 然而, 乾燥後, 液0 應該發現經特定㈣凝膠溶液浸潰之相關層或層 為了獲晶均句的粒子分佈,較佳使用溶膠凝膠: 如本說明文之開始所述,本發明方法之一項優點為可以
谷易地將浸潰步驟併人該用以製造纖維預成型物之常用方 法中。 第-貫例係藉圖5而說明’圖5為藉重疊及針刺二維纖維 ^勿層而製備呈片狀形式之三維纖維結構體之設備的高示 意圖’該設備為進行上述美國專利第4 79〇〇52號及第”92 715號中所述之方法所使用之類型。 可藉重疊層52及藉針刺法將其一起黏合而獲得針刺纖維 板5卜該板51係以水平方向通過經垂直往復運動驅動之針 板35。於針刺法期間用以使此種纖維板前進之裝置的具體 實施例描述在美國專利第6 568 〇5〇號中。 八 可藉由移動該以單方向(箭號F)t得之纖維板Η而進行 針刺法的刺人步驟m彳擊結切,將新層如在該板 之上面板上,並藉以相反方向移動該纖維板51而進行新 刺法的刺入步驟。 自位於該針刺 之捲盤54、55 可藉由例如,滾輪或驅動夾(圖中未顯示) 台之側板56、57的任一側上之二維纖維織物 取出該層。 I07665.doc •16· 1359221 橫向列之喷嘴58、59係配置在該二維纖維織物自該捲盤 54或55至該板56或57之路徑上。在可以以系統性或選擇性 浸潰該層之方式控制該等喷嘴之饋料下,於壓力下將溶膠 凝膠溶液或可以使該層當移動時經浸潰以抵達欲構成之纖 維板51上的懸浮液饋入該等噴嘴58、59内。在一變式中, 可藉由使該層通過一種浴而經浸潰。 圖6表示第二實例,圖6係為供藉捲繞層或經平面重疊之 迴轉物(其係取自螺旋形纖維織物條,且該等迴轉物係藉針 刺法而黏合)而製備環形三維纖維結構體之設備的高^意 圖。此種設備為上述美國專利第6 〇〇9 6〇5號及6 5兜號 中所示之類型。 將纖維鐵物 …八,,〆啊湖^ )額主臥 式支樓轉盤62(箭號fl)上,於其上將該布沉積在重疊環形層 或迴轉物内以形成環形纖維結構體63。於其移動時,於二 有該環節之區段之針刺頭64τ該轉前進,並經往復垂直運 動駆動。在該支#轉盤係相對於該針刺頭而漸進性向下移 連續進行螺旋形布進料及針刺法,直到已獲得該 針刺環形預成型物之所欲厚度為止, 在沉積於該支撐轉盤62上之前,者 H .Μ Μ ^ 曰饋枓時,使該螺旋形 布通過一列用以將溶膠凝膠溶 喷嘴以將直、、一 4液成懸子液噴淋在該布上之 嘴嘴以將其汉潰。以根據需 ^ ^ ^ „ 埂躓次非連續浸潰該螺旋 形布之方式控制該等喷嘴65。 實例1 其係藉將UD薄片放 使用以條狀物形式之二维纖維織物 107665.doc 1359221 在另一連續移動之UD薄片上而獲的,該放置步驟係以可獲 得具有能在彼此之間形成6(rc之角度之方向的31)薄片之= 式進行。該等UD薄片係由碳長絲製成。 所製得之浸潰組合物之組成如下(體積比): 18.5% TEOS (Si(〇c2H5)4); 2.99% 水; 78.5%乙酵;及 〇.〇1%10Ν鹽酸。 該TEOS濃度為0.83莫耳/每升(m〇1/L),其阳為約3,且 H20/TE0S之莫耳比為@ 2。為了製備該組合物,使用與該 乙醇剩餘物和該水與氫氟酸之混合物分開的一半該乙醇製 備TEOS混合物,然後利用攪拌將該等成份全部一起混合, 費時約2小時。其可產生適於貯存及使用歷時數天之溶膠凝 膠組合物。 可藉重疊經該組合物浸潰之該二維纖維織物的層,並藉 針刺法將該層一起黏合而製得三維纖維結構體。 於60°C在爐内乾燥ι6小時後,於“⑻它在氮氣下進行熱 處理,費時4小時。其可將該叫轉變成训。圖8係表示該 預成型物之纖維上的Sic粒子分散體。 使所形成纖維結構體經熱解碳基質稠化,其係藉化學蒸 氣滲吸法,直到獲得約L78之相對密度為止。所形成複合 物材料内該SiC之濃度重量比為約2 5〇/〇。 如在本實例中所獲得之經SiC粒子濃度化c/c複合物材料 的試驗斷片進行摩擦試驗。在具有小尺寸(與原有制動器盤 107665.doc •18· 1359221 比較)之試驗斷片(亦即外徑為144毫米,内徑為%毫米厚 度=14毫米)上進行止動模擬。所施用之每單位重量的能量 在每千克16千焦耳範圍内,而在止動壓 力為^巴至7.62巴下,在該試驗斷片上所施加之初旋轉速 度為每分鐘520轉(rpm)至3400 rpw其相當於為了獲得於磨 耗速率及該摩擦係數之有意義的平均值所進行之Η次連續 重覆止動操作。 圖9中之曲線A表示以如在該摩擦表面下丨毫米處所測定 2 =度為變數所測定之磨耗速率,該溫度係與該施用止動 忐量有關。可藉由測定每秒該摩擦面之厚度變化的速率而 測得該磨耗速率。 、比較說明,圖9中之曲線B及c表示使用未經Sic濃化之 c/c複合物材料所獲得之結果之(蔭蔽的)範圍的包封。 可瞭解除低溫度範圍(亦即至高約18〇t之溫度)外,sic 粒子之存在會導致磨耗現象大程度降低,並可瞭解此種降 低作用了持續至尚溫。其係為一項重要的結果。 然而,該摩擦係數之測定顯示於高溫下特定程度之不安 ,性與該陶竞粒子之性質(sic)有關。就施用至高能止動之 領域而言’因此可較佳具有非Sic之粒子,其意指使用含非
Si〇2之氧化物先質的溶膠凝膠溶液或含非以…之氧化物 膠態懸浮液。 實例2 除了連續重疊5層浸潰纖維織物、12層未經浸潰之層,及 5層浸潰層不同外’如實例丨所述製成三維纖維結構體。乾 107665.doc -19- 1359221 操後’自所形成纖維結構體切出制動器盤預成型物,並在 藉cvm熱解碳基質稠化前,使其進行熱處理以將該叫 轉變成SiC。 以和圖7中以高示意性表示之方法類似之方法獲得制動 器盤,其中該核部件實際上無Sic粒子。 實例3 除了該浸漬組合物之TE0S濃度為〇 17莫耳/升其pH為約 3,且出⑽腦之比率為2不@外,該程度如同實例i之程 序。該纖維結構體業經針刺法、乾燥,及熱處理㈣成後, 如圖10中可見’在兩種不同尺寸範圍内發現批粒芋之存 在。因此選用該浸潰組合物之方式不僅適合具有不同種類 之粒子,而且適合不同形態之粒子。 實例4 除了使用具有中間碳長絲(亦即於新型的碳先質階段)之 UD薄片外,該程序如同實例!之程序。此等長絲1由 市售碳纖維或已經於90(TC下藉熱處理而經預碳化反應之 預氧化PAN纖維所組成。 〜
Mbocrc下進行該熱處理期間,該等碳長絲會發生最後 轉變,於其中該等Si〇2粒子會轉變成Sic粒子,且可獲得含 與實例1類似之另外SiC粒子的三維硝纖維結構體。 實例5 除了該Si02先質溶膠凝膠溶液經具有濃度為5重量%之 Zr〇2之膠態懸浮液取代不同外,該程序如同實例1之=^。 於1600°C下熱處理4小時後,如圖n之相片所示,在該:维 107665.doc .20- 1359221 纖维結構體内獲得具有ZrC粒子之分散體。 【圖式簡單說明】 藉閲4以非限定性表示所提供之以上說明文及參考附圓 可更加瞭解本發明,其中: •圖1至4表示本發明方法之各種實施方式的步驟順序; 圖5及6為供製造進行本發明方法之針刺纖維預成型物 之兩種設備的高示意圖示; 圖7為藉本發明方法而獲得之複合物材料部件的高示 意圖; ° -圖8為表示在纖維預成型物内之纖維上之陶瓷粒子分 散體的掃描式電子顯微鏡相片; -圖9表示摩擦試驗之結杲;及 -圖10及11為使用掃描式電子顯微鏡所獲得之相片且 其係顯示在纖維預成型物内之纖維上的陶兗粒子分散 【主要元件符號説明】 體° 38 C/C複合物材料部件 38a 及 38b 對向面 39a 及 39b 部份 39c 中央部份 51 纖維板 52 層 53 針板 54 或 55 捲盤 56 ' 57 側板 107665.doc 1359221 58 、 59 ' 65 61 62 63 64 噴嘴 螺旋形條 支撐轉盤 環形纖維結構體 針刺頭 I07665.doc -22-
Claims (1)
1359221 第094146397號專利申請案 . .尹文申請專利範圍替換本(100年6月) 十、申請專利範圍: 一種自碳或碳先質纖維之至少一種二维纖維織物製備纖 維預成型物的方法’該預成型物係用於製造竣/碳複合物 材料部件該方法包括以下步驟: a)將碳或碳先質纖维之二維纖維織物以溶液或懸浮 液浸潰,該溶液或懸浮液可以使離散陶究粒子之分散保 留在該纖維織物上;及 b)藉由重疊由碳或碳先質纖維 _ ,、^ -------- 一 ^ ^ ^ Π\ β4Α4 層並將該等層黏合在一起而製得該纖維預成型物, 至乂 $等層係'至少部份由先前浸潰在步驟&)中之二 維織物所形成。 月求項1之方法,其中該二維纖維織物係藉使該織物連 續通過一種浴而浸潰。 3 · 如5青求項1之古、土 I ^ 万决,其中該二維纖維織物係藉將該溶液或 懸:液喷淋在該連續移動之織物上而浸潰。 馨 項1之方法,其中浸潰係藉含氧化物先質之溶膠凝 膠溶液而進行。 5如Μ求項4之方法’其中該浸潰係藉含選自Ti02、Zr〇2、 Hf〇2 ’ 及 > 结 氧化物之先質的溶膠凝膠溶液而進行。 6 ·如請求項4之古 断认 法’其中浸潰係藉含非Si02之氧化物之先 質的溶膠凝膠溶液而進行。 7.如請求項1之方法甘+ 0 去’其中浸潰係藉含氧化物粒子之膠態懸 汁硬而進行。 月求項7之方法,其中該氧化物粒子係選自Ti〇2、Zr〇2、 107665-1000622.d〇c 丄 丄 mo 及 Si〇: 9. 如請求項7之古 . .法,其中浸潰係藉含非Si02之氧化物之粒 子的膠態懸浮液而進行。 10. 如請求項7之方沐 其中該氧化物粒子係於熱處理下藉盘 該纖維織物之鏰祕以& 、 纖、·隹的%I反應而轉變成耐火碳化物粒子。 1 1 ·如請求項1 0之士、+ ^ ^ 。 之方法,其中該熱處理係於惰性大氣在 1400C 至 175〇。广 七 圍内之溫度下進行。 12 ·如請求項1夕.+ ’/、中分散在該纖維織物上之該等陶兗 的S里為該欲製成之複合物材料重量之0.01至10重 量 〇/〇。 13·如明求項丨之方法’其中分散在該纖維織物上之該等陶究 粒子的含量為該欲製成之複合物材料重量之0.1至5重量 % 〇 如°月求項1之方法,其中該等層在乾燥該經浸潰二維纖維 織物前,藉針刺法而黏合在一起。 · 15·如„月求項15_14中任—項之方法,其係用於製備供制動器 盤使用之纖維預成型物,該制動器盤於鄰近盤之對向面 具有摩擦部份以及傳動核部份之中央制動扭矩,其特徵 在於構成纖維強化材料之盤的核部份的該預成型物部份 係由未浸潰之織物層經由重疊及黏合製成,而構成纖維 強化材料之盤的摩擦部份的該預成型物部份係由浸潰之 織物層經由重疊及黏合製成。 16. —種包括陶瓷粒子之碳/碳複合物材料的制動器盤,該盤 包含藉如請求項15之方法而獲得之纖維預成型物,且其 107665-1000622.doc 1359221 -係藉碳基質而稠化。 17.如請求項16之制動器盤,其中在含有陶瓷粒子之部份 中,粒子之量為該複合物材料之0.1至5重量%。
I07665-1000622.doc
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| FR0413810A FR2880016B1 (fr) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Procede de realisation de preforme fibreuse pour la fabrication de pieces en materiau composite de type carbone/carbone incorporant des particules en ceramique, et produit ainsi obtenus |
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| TW200643249A TW200643249A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
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| EP (1) | EP1841714B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4995734B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101045148B1 (zh) |
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| TW (1) | TWI359221B (zh) |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ATE552225T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
| MX2007007726A (es) | 2007-08-22 |
| IL183660A0 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| CA2594535C (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| CN101087739B (zh) | 2011-11-02 |
| RU2407718C2 (ru) | 2010-12-27 |
| KR20070100315A (ko) | 2007-10-10 |
| RU2007121776A (ru) | 2009-01-27 |
| WO2006067184A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| BRPI0519777A2 (pt) | 2009-03-17 |
| FR2880016A1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 |
| KR101045148B1 (ko) | 2011-06-30 |
| JP2008525295A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
| EP1841714B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
| TW200643249A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
| US8282756B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
| UA93189C2 (ru) | 2011-01-25 |
| FR2880016B1 (fr) | 2007-04-20 |
| JP4995734B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
| CA2594535A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| EP1841714A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| US20090078514A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| CN101087739A (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
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