1358150 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明為一種燃料電池流道，特別是指一種構成網狀流 道的燃料電池流道。 【先前技術】 一般的燃料電池，是以其内部之觸媒與特定反應氣體或 液體進行化學反應，將化學能轉換為電能，轉換效率越高， 燃料電池的輸出功率也越高，而影響其化學能轉換效率的原 因很多，其中之一是流道出入口的壓力差，另一是流道内流 體的流速穩定度，便有人以此兩方向下手，並開發出提升燃 料電池能量轉換效率的流道； 其中一種流道如第1圖所示，是由複數流道A1平行排 列連接形成的平行流道A，由於較接近入口的流道A1其内 的流體流速會比較快，而距離入口較遠的流道A1其内的流 體流速會比較慢，便造成其流道内流速不穩定也不平均，因 而降低燃料電池的能量轉換效率； 另一種流道如第2圖所示，是由單一流道B1婉i延排列 形成的彎曲流道B，由於出入口距離相距太遠，因此出入口 的壓力差很大，造成燃料電池的能量轉換效率低下； 可知目前的流道各別存在著影響燃料電池能量轉換效 5 1358150 率的問題，因此要如何同時解決此兩方面的問題，並設計出 一種出入口壓力差小、流道内流速又穩定的燃料電池流道來 提升化學能的轉換效率以及燃料電池的輸出功率，遂成為目 前研究的趨勢。 【發明内容】 本發明燃料電池流道》其主要目的為以特殊設計的流 道，來提升燃料電池的能量轉換率及輸出功率。 第二目的為增加燃料電池儲電量。 第三目的為促進燃料電池小型化。 本發明在提供一種燃料電池流道，其包含若干入口段碑 道、分歧幹道、中間流道及出口段流道，並以該些流道及幹 道連接形成網狀結構，讓流體由該入口段流道流入並由該出 口段流道流出時，降低其壓力差，且讓流體在該燃料電池流 道内流動時，流速較為平均穩定，並以此來提升燃料電池的 能量轉換效率及輸出功率； 且由於使用該燃料電池流道的燃料電池其能量轉換率 較高，故在流道長度相同的條件下，相同的反應物便能夠產 生更多的電能，而增加燃料電池的儲電量； 另外，由於此種流道的能量轉換率較高，故使用較短的 6 1358150 流道便能夠產生相當程度的電能5該燃料電池便能夠以此縮 小體積； 而其中該燃料電池流道的網狀結構，可由入口段流道依 序連接分歧幹道、中間流道及出口段流道構成，也可由若干 流道模組橫縱排列構成，且各流道模組由入口段流道依序連 接分歧幹道、中間流道及出口段流道構成，更可改變該些流 道及幹道的管徑，使中間流道管徑大於分歧幹道又大於入口 段流道，讓流體的流速更加穩定，且更加縮小壓力差，而能 夠更進一步提升燃料電池的輸出功率。 【實施方式】 本發明燃料電池流道，實施例如第3圖，為一網狀流道 C，此處舉出其中一部分為例，其包含四橫縱排列的流道模 組C1，且該各流道模組C1包含管徑相同的一入口段流道 C2、四分歧幹道C3、四中間流道C4及一出口段流道C5，且 該些流道與幹道的連接，是以該入口段流道C2的一端形成 二叉道C21且分別連接二分歧幹道C3A、C3B，該二分歧幹 道C3A、C3B彼此連通且分別與該四相互連通的中間流道 C4A、C4B、C4C、C4D連接，該四中間流道C4又與另二彼此 連通的分歧幹道C3C、C3D連接，該二分歧幹道C3C、C3D並 分別經一匯流道C51與該出口段流道C5連接，而該四流道 1358150 模組Cl在連接上，是以一流道模組CIA、C1C的出口段流道 C5分別連接縱向相鄰的另一流道模組C1B、C1D的入口段流 道C2，且橫向相鄰的該二流道模組C1A、C1C的中間流道C4 相互連通，另二橫向相鄰的流道模組C1B、C1D其中間流道 C4亦相連通； 此外，該燃料電池流道還可如第4圖所示，改變該網狀 流道C其流道管徑而形成一仿生流道D，該仿生流道D亦包 含四流道模組D1A、DIB、D1C、DID，該各流道模組D1包含 一入口段流道D2、四分歧幹道D3A、D3B、D3C、D3D、四中 間流道D4A、D4B、D4C、D4D及一出口段流道D5，該些流道 與幹道的連接與該網狀流道C相同，該四流道模組D1間的 連接也與該網狀流道C相同，而該些分歧幹道D3的管徑為 該入口段流道D2的1. 5倍，該些中間流道D4的管徑為該入 口段流道D2的2倍，該出口段流道D5的管徑則與該入口段 流道D2相同。 且在雷諾數=100的條件下（雷諾數Re = p VD/ //，p 為流體密度，V為流體流速，D為管徑，//為流體黏滯係數， Re為判斷流體是層流或紊流的根據，層流的流體流動平順， 紊流的流體流動較不平順且有旋流，一般而言Re< 2300為 層流，以上則為紊流），將流體導入該平行流道A、彎曲流 8 1358150 道B、網狀流道C及仿生流道D後，測得流體在該四流道内 流動的流速標準差SD如第5圖所示，該四流道其出入口的 壓力差PD如第6圖所示，而以該平行流道A的流速標準差 SDA與壓力差PDA為基準，可將燃料電池使用該各流道的輸 出功率比例以下列公式表示：1358150 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a fuel cell flow path, and more particularly to a fuel cell flow path constituting a mesh flow path. [Prior Art] A general fuel cell uses a chemical reaction between its internal catalyst and a specific reaction gas or liquid to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The higher the conversion efficiency, the higher the output power of the fuel cell, which affects its There are many reasons for the conversion efficiency of chemical energy. One of them is the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the flow channel, and the other is the flow velocity stability of the fluid in the flow channel. Some people start with these two directions and develop a flow path that improves the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell. One of the flow passages is a parallel flow passage A formed by parallel arrangement of a plurality of flow passages A1 as shown in Fig. 1. Since the flow velocity of the fluid passage A1 closer to the inlet is faster, and is farther from the inlet The flow velocity of the flow channel A1 is relatively slow, which causes the flow velocity in the flow channel to be unstable and uneven, thereby reducing the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell; the other flow channel is shown in Fig. 2 as a single flow channel. B1婉i is formed by the curved flow channel B formed by the arrangement. Since the distance between the inlet and the outlet is too far apart, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet is large, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell. It can be seen that the current flow paths have problems affecting the fuel cell energy conversion efficiency 5 1358150, so how to solve the two problems at the same time, and design a fuel cell flow with small inlet and outlet pressure difference and stable flow velocity in the flow channel. The way to improve the conversion efficiency of chemical energy and the output power of fuel cells has become a trend in current research. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the fuel cell runner of the present invention is to increase the energy conversion rate and output power of the fuel cell by a specially designed flow channel. The second purpose is to increase the fuel cell storage capacity. The third purpose is to promote the miniaturization of fuel cells. The invention provides a fuel cell flow channel comprising a plurality of inlet section monuments, divergent main roads, intermediate flow passages and outlet section flow passages, and connecting the flow passages and the main passages to form a mesh structure, allowing the fluid to pass through the inlet section When the flow path flows in and flows out from the outlet section flow path, the pressure difference is lowered, and when the fluid flows in the fuel cell flow path, the flow rate is relatively stable, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power of the fuel cell; Moreover, since the fuel cell using the fuel cell flow channel has a high energy conversion rate, the same reactant can generate more electric energy and increase the storage capacity of the fuel cell under the same flow path length; Because of the high energy conversion rate of such a flow channel, a relatively short 6 1358150 flow channel can generate a considerable amount of electrical energy. 5 The fuel cell can thereby reduce the volume; and the network structure of the fuel cell flow channel The flow path of the divergent trunk road, the intermediate flow channel and the outlet section may be sequentially connected by the inlet section flow channel, or may be constituted by a plurality of flow channel modules arranged horizontally and vertically, and each flow The channel module is composed of the inlet section flow channel sequentially connecting the divergent trunk road, the intermediate channel and the outlet section flow channel, and the pipe diameters of the channel and the trunk road are changed, so that the pipe diameter of the intermediate channel is larger than the branch road and larger than the inlet section. The flow path makes the flow rate of the fluid more stable, and the pressure difference is further reduced, and the output power of the fuel cell can be further improved. [Embodiment] The fuel cell flow path of the present invention is, for example, FIG. 3, which is a mesh flow path C. Here, for example, a part of the flow path module C1 is arranged, and each of the flow path modules C1 is arranged in four horizontal and vertical directions. The flow channel module C1 includes an inlet section flow channel C2, a four-division main channel C3, a fourth intermediate flow channel C4, and an outlet section flow channel C5 having the same pipe diameter, and the connection between the flow channels and the main road is the inlet section One end of the flow path C2 forms a binary path C21 and is connected to two divergent main roads C3A, C3B, respectively, which are connected to each other and respectively connected to the intermediate flow passages C4A, C4B, C4C, C4D which are in communication with each other. The four intermediate flow passages C4 are connected to the other two main roads C3C and C3D which are connected to each other, and the two different main roads C3C and C3D are respectively connected to the outlet section flow passage C5 via a manifold flow passage C51, and the four flow passages 1358150 module Cl is connected to the inlet section flow channel C2 of the other adjacent flow channel modules C1B, C1D by the outlet section flow path C5 of the first-class channel module CIA and C1C, and the laterally adjacent two-channel mode The intermediate flow passages C4 of the group C1A and C1C are connected to each other, and the other two laterally adjacent flows are The middle flow channel C4 of the module C1B, C1D is also connected; further, the fuel cell flow channel can also change the flow path diameter of the mesh flow channel C to form a bionic flow channel D as shown in FIG. The bionic channel D also includes four flow channel modules D1A, DIB, D1C, and DID. The flow channel modules D1 include an inlet section flow channel D2, four divergent main roads D3A, D3B, D3C, D3D, and four intermediate flow paths. D4A, D4B, D4C, D4D and an outlet section flow path D5, the connection of the flow channels and the main road is the same as the mesh flow path C, and the connection between the four flow path modules D1 and the mesh flow path C The same, and the pipe diameter of the divergent trunk D3 is 1.5 times of the inlet section flow path D2, the pipe diameter of the intermediate flow channel D4 is twice that of the inlet section flow path D2, and the outlet section flow path D5 The pipe diameter is the same as the inlet section flow path D2. And under the condition of Reynolds number=100 (Reynolds number Re = p VD/ //, p is the fluid density, V is the fluid flow rate, D is the pipe diameter, // is the fluid viscosity coefficient, Re is the judgment fluid is laminar flow Or the basis of turbulent flow, the fluid flow of the laminar flow is smooth, the fluid flow of the turbulent flow is relatively smooth and there is swirling. Generally, Re<2300 is laminar flow, the above is turbulent flow), and the fluid is introduced into the parallel flow path. A. After the curved flow 8 1358150, B, the mesh flow path C and the bionic flow path D, the standard deviation SD of the flow rate of the fluid flowing in the four flow path is measured as shown in Fig. 5, and the pressure of the inlet and outlet of the four flow path The difference PD is as shown in Fig. 6, and based on the flow rate standard deviation SDA of the parallel flow path A and the pressure difference PDA, the ratio of the output power of the fuel cell using the respective flow channels can be expressed by the following formula:
xJsd_+pd_Y \SDA PDA) 而該四流道的X值則如第7圖的折線圖所示，可得知該 仿生流道D使用在燃料電池上，可提升該燃料電池其化學能 轉換為電能的轉換效率，以此提升該燃料電池的輸出功率。 由前述可知，當流體在該仿生流道D中流動時，單就一 流道模組D1A觀之，流體由該入口段流道D2流入，且由該 二叉道D21流經該二分歧幹道D3A、D3B其中一分歧幹道 D3A，並由該分歧幹道D3A流經最近的二中間流道D4A、D4B 其中一中間流道D4A，再由該中間流道D4A流至該分歧幹道 D3C，最後經該匯流道D51由該出口段流道D5流出，可知流 體由該入口段流道D2流入至由該出口段流道D5流出，所流 經的路徑都等長，因此不論由中間流經任何一分歧幹道或中 間流道，其流體的流速都很穩定而平均，且該仿生流道D由 於其流道及幹道的管徑有所改變，因此可在流體轉換流動方 向處增加管徑，以大幅度減少流體的流速標準差，並同時降 9 1358150 低出入口的壓力差，因此能夠提升燃料電池其化學能轉換為 電能的轉換效率，以及燃料電池的輸出功率； 另外該仿生流道D的入口或出口數量也可改變，可視使 用者需要而減少為一個入口或一個出口，也可增加為三個入 口或三個出口，或是三個以上的數量，相對的其分歧幹道 D3及中間流道D4也可隨需要而增減； 此外，該網狀流道C及仿生流道D非限定在必須由四流 道模組構成，而該各流道模組也非限定在必須由前述固定數 量的流道及幹道組成，凡只要使用本發明概念者，皆應屬本 發明的保護範圍内。xJsd_+pd_Y \SDA PDA) The X value of the four-channel is as shown in the line graph of Fig. 7, and it can be known that the bionic channel D is used on a fuel cell, and the chemical energy of the fuel cell can be improved to The conversion efficiency of electric energy, thereby increasing the output power of the fuel cell. It can be seen from the foregoing that when the fluid flows in the bionic channel D, the fluid is flowed through the inlet section flow path D2 and flows through the two divergent roads D3A. One of the D3B divergent main roads D3A, and the divergent main road D3A flows through one of the two intermediate flow passages D4A, D4B, one intermediate flow passage D4A, and then the intermediate flow passage D4A flows to the divergent main road D3C, and finally through the confluence The passage D51 flows out from the outlet section flow passage D5, and it is understood that the fluid flows from the inlet section flow passage D2 to the outlet section flow passage D5, and the path through which the flow passes is equal, so that any intermediate road flows through the middle. Or the intermediate flow channel, the flow velocity of the fluid is stable and average, and the bionic flow passage D has a change in the diameter of the flow passage and the main passage, so that the diameter of the fluid can be increased at the flow direction of the fluid to be greatly reduced. The flow rate of the fluid is standard deviation, and at the same time, the pressure difference of 9 1358150 is lowered, so that the conversion efficiency of the fuel cell's chemical energy into electrical energy and the output power of the fuel cell can be improved; and the inlet or outlet of the bionic flow channel D The number of mouths can also be changed, which can be reduced to one inlet or one outlet depending on the needs of the user. It can also be increased to three inlets or three outlets, or more than three, and the opposite main road D3 and intermediate flow passage D4 In addition, the mesh flow channel C and the bionic flow channel D are not limited to be composed of four flow channel modules, and the flow channel modules are not limited to the fixed number of The composition of the flow path and the main road should be within the scope of the present invention as long as the concept of the present invention is used.
10 1358150 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖習用平行流的示意圖。 第2圖習用彎曲流道的示意圖。 第3圖本發明網狀流道的示意圖。 第4圖本發明仿生流道的示意圖。 第5圖四種流道流速標準差的橫條圖。 第6圖四種流道出入口壓力差的橫條圖。 第7圖四種流道用於燃料電池的輸出功率折線圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 《習用》' 平行流道A 流道A1 彎曲流道B 流道B1 《本發明》10 1358150 [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of parallel flow. Figure 2 is a schematic view of a curved flow path. Figure 3 is a schematic view of a mesh flow path of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic view of a bionic flow path of the present invention. Figure 5 is a bar graph of the standard deviation of four flow path flow rates. Figure 6 is a horizontal bar diagram of the four inlet and outlet pressure differences. Figure 7 shows four output channels for the fuel cell output power line graph. [Explanation of main component symbols] "Urban" 'Parallel flow path A Flow path A1 Curved flow path B Flow path B1 "The present invention"
網狀流道C 流道模組 CIA、C1B、C1C、C1D 入口段流道C2 叉道C21 11 1358150Mesh flow channel C runner module CIA, C1B, C1C, C1D inlet section flow channel C2 forkway C21 11 1358150
分歧幹道 C3A、C3B、C3C、C3D 中間流道 C4A、C4B、C4C、C.4D 出口段流道C5 匯流道C51 仿生流道D 流道模組 D1A、DIB、D1C、DID 入口段流道D2 叉道D21 分歧幹道 D3A、D3B、D3C、D3D 中間流道 D4A、D4B、D4C、D4D 出口段流道D5 匯流道D51Divided main road C3A, C3B, C3C, C3D Intermediate flow channel C4A, C4B, C4C, C.4D Exit section flow path C5 Confluence channel C51 Bionic flow path D Flow path module D1A, DIB, D1C, DID Entrance section flow path D2 fork Road D21 Divergence main road D3A, D3B, D3C, D3D Intermediate flow channel D4A, D4B, D4C, D4D Exit section flow path D5 Confluence channel D51
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