TWI355153B - Transmit processing using receiver functions - Google Patents
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- TWI355153B TWI355153B TW095110158A TW95110158A TWI355153B TW I355153 B TWI355153 B TW I355153B TW 095110158 A TW095110158 A TW 095110158A TW 95110158 A TW95110158 A TW 95110158A TW I355153 B TWI355153 B TW I355153B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 19
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/62—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for providing a predistortion of the signal in the transmitter and corresponding correction in the receiver, e.g. for improving the signal/noise ratio
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
- H04B1/7103—Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
- H04B1/7105—Joint detection techniques, e.g. linear detectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
- H01Q1/46—Electric supply lines or communication lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03343—Arrangements at the transmitter end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
- H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
- H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
- H04B2201/7097—Direct sequence modulation interference
- H04B2201/709709—Methods of preventing interference
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L2025/03592—Adaptation methods
- H04L2025/03598—Algorithms
- H04L2025/03611—Iterative algorithms
- H04L2025/03617—Time recursive algorithms
- H04L2025/03624—Zero-forcing
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
Description
1355153 .· · 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係廣泛關於無線展頻通訊系統。具體而言,本發 明係關於在與此類通訊系統之資料傳輸與接收。 【先前技術】 _在分石馬多工存取(CDMA)通訊系統中,可透過一共用展頻 同時傳送多個通訊、。每個通訊都是藉由用於傳輸各自通訊的編 ^馬來區別。 ,在某些CDMA通訊系統中,為了更適當地利用共用頻 喑’會將頻譜以分時方式分割成具有預先決定數量時槽的訊 框’例如,十五個時槽。此類型系統被稱為混合式CDMA/分 8年多工存取(丁DMA)通訊系統。其中一種此類型系統是分時多 工通訊(TDD)系統’用於將上行鏈路通訊及下行鏈路通訊限制 在特定時槽。 一種用於接收在共用頻譜内所傳輸之多個通訊的做法是 鲁 結合债測Qoint detection)。在結合偵測中,會一起決定來自多 個通訊的資料。在接下來的說明中,一大寫符號X表示一矩 陣’而符號ί表示一行向量。通常會按方程式1製作該結合偵 測之模型: F =A^ + -; 方程式1 所接收之信號向量?是系統傳輸矩陣A、傳送資料向量3 和雜訊向量η的函數。該系統傳輸矩陣A包含個別使用者的比 重(contribution) ’如方程式2所示: 5 A= k),...5叫方程式2 其中A(k)表示使用者k對該系統傳輪矩陣a的比重。每 個使用者系祕輸矩陣都是頻道脈衝響應與該使用者之擴展 石馬的函數,如方程式3所示: A⑻曹 方程式3 其中H(k)表神道響應轉,而c(k)麵使用者]<;的編 碼矩陣。 Λ 資料内里-的敢小均方誤差(Minimum Mean Square ; MMSE)係從方程式4求得: 方程式4 =^、中此疋雜5凡的共變異數矩陣(covariance matrix)。當雜 訊疋白雜訊時’Rn是—對角線矩陣,而該資料的MMSE估計 係按方程式5A和5B求得: ^ = + 方程式认 或者,可將方程式5Α寫成: 方程式诏 "T使用矩陣反轉輔助定理扣批也inversi〇n夏伽咖)將方程 式5A和SB互換。
同樣地,一強制零(zer〇 f〇rcing ; ZF)估計係從方程 A 和6B求得:
方程式6A d^(AHAylAHr 6 可將方程式6A寫成: d = ΑΗ(ΑΑΗ)~ιρ 方程式6Β 、可使用矩陣反轉輔助定理(matrix inversion lemma)將方程 式6A和6B互換。 在CDMA系統中’當所有編碼都通過同一傳播頻道時(如 同=型的下行鏈路傳輸),或當一上行鏈路使用者獨佔一時槽 (Η =H)時{擴展符號的傳輸向量係從 41 方程式7 所接收信號係使用方程式8製作模型: F=H? + L 方程式8 擴展符彫的MMSE估計係按方程式9a和9B求得: ^ = (HHH + a2iylHHr
方程式9A 或相等的方程式: ^ = Ηη{ΗΗη +σ2ΐγ'ρ 方程式9Β invers.〇n 式9A和9B互換。 求得: :的ZF估計(從方程式6推導出)係按方程式
10A 和 10B
方程式10A
方程式10B (ΗηΗ)-'Ηηγ 或相等的方程式 Α Η ? = ^ (HHHylr 1355153 可使用矩陣反轉輔助定理(驗k inversi〇n lemma)將方程 式10A和10B互換。 擴展符號之料後可能接著—編碼匹配濾波器(趾μ Filter ; MF),以還原資料符號。 =接《I上使舒個天線時,方程式丨也可表示所接 收之向置。所涉及之向量和矩陣的定義經過修改,以表示來自 不同天線的比重,如方程式U所示: η' «I Λ. ζζ 人 d + βΝ. 方程式11 私式3使用—不同頻道響應建構每個天線的A,( 乂知方 與κ個使用者之每—使__成分,如方 = , 方程式12 當在發射機上使用多個發射天線 元件),方程式!也可表示所接收之向量^ (=如,m個發射 陣的適當定義係以方程式13表示: 所涉及之向量和矩 d' 方程式13 d Kf 其中f是合成的接收信號,而A, __至接收機之信號傳輸的系統傳^ (m=l,2...M)是從第m個發射元件傳輪的資料向量。 由第i個天線元件所導致的A成分標示為Ai,。每個々 成义都具有來自所有κ個使用者的比重,如絲式14所示: , 方程式14 · 母個使用者對每個天線元件的比妓頻道脈衝響應與擴 展碼(從方程式3推導出)的函數,如方程式15所示: A,(k) = H'(k)c(k) 方程式15 位於發射機與接收機上的多個天線被稱為多重輸入多重 輸出(Multiple lnput Multiple 〇utput; MlM〇)通訊系統。方程式 Π所表不之ΜΙΜΟ系統的所接收信號可被重寫為方程式16。 F1 ~ Ά' [«] . + «1 Λ. 人 ^ Μ m. 方程式16 其中Ν是接收天線數量;Μ是發射天線數量;& (η=1,2 ,., Ν)是用於接收的傳輸矩陣;及八^(111=1,2,..,14)是用於傳輸的 傳輸矩陣。運賴涉及之向量和矩陣的適#定義,可將以方程 式16重寫為方程式I?:
方程式17 其中Λ是發射和接收的合成系統傳輪矩陣。方程式5中 所不之資料向量的]^8£估計係由方程式18Α和18Β表示: 方程式18Α 万=(八尺八+ 02/)-1 Λ"ρ 或相等的方程式: A d = AH(AAH +a2I)~lr
方程式18B ΙβΓ使用矩陣反轉辅助定理(matliX inVerSi〇n lemma)將方程 式18A和18B互換。 ,樣地可從方私式和㈣求得強制零㈣估計:
万= (ΛΗ八广八"F
方程式19A 或相等的方程式: d = KH {κκΗγχψ 方程式19Β 可使用矩陣反轉輔助定理(_ίχ ^ 式19A和19B互換。 乃担 :種實施這些做法的接收機會高效率執行一高度複雜戶 =陣反轉。為了減少複雜度,使用—近似Chdesky分解^ ^古^立葉轉換三雖然這些做法減少接收機複雜度,然而希望 -有替代做法以簡化資料之傳輸與接收。 【發明内容】 本料线巾,—頻纏按照—賴響應矩陣片 =、疋,糊道響應轉近似於該資料在傳輪之後會遇到 =所要傳輸的資料被擴展,並且會使用該頻道響應' 來處理该擴展之資料。接著,傳輸該擴展且處理之資科 所傳輸之擴展且處理之資料來接收及還原該資料。 成 【實施方式】 本發明系統係配合一 CDMA系統的分時多i(TDD)模式 1355153 末說月(例如’第二代合夥專案(Thtd Generation Partnership Project ’ 3GPP)廣頻CDMA系統的建議TDD模式。然而,本 發明適用於任何展頻通訊系統,例如,分頻時雙工(FDD)系統 戈Πγ刀k刀碼多工存取⑴me加以⑽c〇de division multiple access ; TD_SCDMA)系統。 >
圖l顯不運用在使用接收機功能之發射處理之發射機1β 和接收機12陳佳簡化®。該發射機U)可能位於基地台、使 用者裝備(UE)或兩者上’碰接收機可能位於使用者裝備 (UE)、基地台或兩者上。要從發射機1〇傳輸至接收機12的資 ,被輸入至-,調變裝置14及—預先等化器15。資料可能 疋用於傳送至單—接收機的單—編碼傳輸、用於傳送至單一接 收機的$碼傳輪、用於傳送至多健收機的單—編碼傳輸、 用於傳运至乡個接收機的多編碼雜、胁傳送至多健收機 的單一編碼傳輸和多編碼傳輪之組合。 處理貧料的方式為:使用適當編碼將資料擴展,
等化以補償錄電介面18之預期頻道響應及調變(例如,使/ 四相位相移鍵控(_咖^ phase趙keying ;砂叫、m ^ t(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ; QAM)4i ,變_ =及向上繼成義。—天輕m個元物 陣列161至⑽透過一無線電介面18發射該射頻信號。 位於接枚機12上的-天線或N個元件天線陣列观^ ==侧錢和軸,喊為—接_ 貝叫貞測益22處理該接收向量以還原資料;。由於 卿上的預先等化,所以該細測器22的結構最好比制 5偵測接收機更簡化’例如,藉由編碼匹配爐波器實施。 在傳輸之前,該發射機1G高效率補償頻道域。因此, -接收向量F近似於擴展資料向量i。 預先等化利用可在一接收機12上使用頻道和編碼資訊, 日士3Γ虽處,該傳輸向量’以至於當該接收機12接收到該信號 號的頻道損傷。頻道f訊可能係從該接收^
=虎推導出。基於解說,針對勘/CD嫩通訊系統的U ^可—上行鏈路時槽上聽—後續下行鏈路傳輸時槽的A 連Μ訊。 、 ,使用該發射機10的處理結果時,從方程式20Α求得該 接收信號.: ^
方程式20Α 就頻道和編碼矩陣而論,該方程式20Α變成方程式施: [«] ' ( - a Μ 方程式20Β 。其中一種 diversity ; 。在某些發 依據傳輸機制’編碼矩陣Ci到Cm有所不同 此類系統是空間編石馬發射散佈(space c〇de transmit SCTD) ’其t會將-不同的傳細彳旨派給每個天線 、、 12 1355153 射散佈機制中,每個天線可使用相同的編碼矩陣。其中一種此 類機制是發射調節型天線(TxAA)。雖然使用接收機功能的發 射處理係配合用於發射相同編碼矩陣C的每個天線來說明, 然而同樣適用於編碼矩陣因天線而異之使用類似做法的系統。
在某些系統中’傳輸資料位以一可能依據傳輸機制 而不同’具體而言,是否使用細散佈。雖賴似的做法適用 於按天線而具有不同資料向量料統,但是接下來的說明係配 合每個天線傳輪相同資料向f。就從每個天線傳輪相同資 和、為碼矩陣的系統而言’按方程式21製造系統模型:'' - r:=Ui···^] : +5
=[^;
方程式21 方程式22顯示傳輸向量: """ -*
Cd • · 方程式22 » >
Cd 13 1355153 …方程式右方之㈣偽反轉是hh(HHh)'處理後的資料信 號係使用此偽反轉傳輸。據此’方程式23晨貝示該傳輸信號,_.: 方程式23
LhHcHHVcJ;. 方程式24 方程式24顯示產生的接收向量·· r=HH(HHHy1C^;-
Cd 如果贱掏陶想,騎顧_2魏到清晰的 二化而:需ίί一步處理。然而,實施上由於雜訊和頻道狀 ,接收信號會發生―些降級。然而,大幅減 乂去除降_必要處理,進—步增加接_ 12的必要複雜度。 MMSE或ZF型接收機的優點之广為,购犯或路 =會在發射機10端上。基於解說,基地台通常具有一屬E 垔接收機。據此,在基地台上可播D 一 /、 所接收之細爾輸之資料、此,接,收機$ == 的其他通訊早^起併人使用者储_或基地台中。 收機:t侧__機1〇和—聰E接 此,使用者:備=電路來執行矩陣或高效率矩陣反轉。因 卿波器或1^=;,簡化’例如,單-編 以延繼㈣增:^^°綱_電路還可 、,、。構〃中接收機結構能夠執行適合在發射 —. 14
Claims (1)
- 十、申請專利範圍: 月π日修(吏)正替換頁| L 一種用於分碼多工存取通訊系統中傳輪資料的方法,包括: 以利用一等化電路的一第一頻道響應矩陣Η來擴展第一資 料及處理該已擴展第一資料,以預先等化該已擴展資料從而補 償該擴展資料將遭遇的一頻道響應; ' 在一第一端傳送該已擴展第一資料及已處理資料,使該第 一資料被接從及被還原,而不需等化以補償該頻道響應;及 在該第一端,藉由使用該等化電路來接收及還原來自一第 二端所傳輸的資料,以等化該第二被傳輸的已擴展資料來 該擴展資料已遭遇的一頻道響應。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法,其中該第一資料使用多 碼來擴展。 3.如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法,其中該等化及預先等化 透過將該已擴展資料乘上Η^ΗΗΗ+σ2〗)·1的方式來執行,其中y 為一雜訊變異數而I為一單位矩陣。 、 4_如申f專利範圍第1項所述的方法,其中來自該第二端的該 已,收資料係藉由利用在一上行鏈路時槽上所蒐集用於一後^ 下行鏈,傳輪時槽的頻道資訊的一編碼匹配濾波器來還原。' 5. ^申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法,其中該頻道響應矩陣由 =====鑛,賴無已擴展及已 6在:發申:::1項所述的方法’其中該頻道響應矩陣係 16
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