1354499 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種麥克風，其係包含至少一麥克風振 膜、至少一音頻放大器以及至少一額外電源接收器，選自 於由處理器、控制電子設備、A/D與D/A轉換器、LED顯示 器等等組成的群組，並且其能量供應由虛幻電源單元透過 音頻境線的導線來供應，就是俗稱的「虛幻電源供應器」， 該麥克風包含用於個別電源接收器的電源供應電路，並且 該電源供應電路包含一控制單元，其將透過音頻纜線的導 線傳送的直流電轉換成交流電、一連接至該控制單元的變 壓器以及用於該個別電源接收器的供應迴路，其中供應迴 路藉由變壓器上的分離繞組，感應耦合至該控制單元產生 的交流電以及其他繞組。 【先前技術】 麥克風的電源供應器通常由電源供應器來源提供，例如 使用混音器。在虛幻電源供應期間，饋送電壓的正極透過 音頻纜線的二條導線供應過兩一致的饋送器電阻。而透過 連接至XLR插頭之接腳1的第三導線讓電流返回。為了能有 效使用虛幻電源供應器供應給電容式麥克風電源供應器的 電壓’麥克風的耗電量應該儘可能減少，以避免饋送器電 阻上過大的電壓降。48-V電容式麥克風的最大耗電量為10 mA °虛幻電源供應器根據DIN εν 61938 (以前為IEC 268) 標準化。 為了在麥克風薄膜上產生極化電壓，其值通常在20-1〇〇 100185.doc 1354499 慨範圍内’有人使用主要組合電路部件或電虔轉換器。 剩餘的麥克風電子設備通常由線性調節來供電，這可將供 應饋送電磨或供應電流維持在預定值上。對於耗電量小的 .麥克風而言，適用這種電源供應器。當麥克風的耗電量择 .加，例如由於使用處理器、A/D轉換器、LED顯示器等等曰’ ，線性調带就會有問題。在此案例中，虛幻電源供應器所提 供的大部分能源都消耗於線性調節元件内。不過，因為根 ㈣標準’虛幻電源供應器會由饋送器電阻限制 产， 而由於麥克風内的線性調節，因此音頻放大器的最大供應 -電壓會立刻下降，導致麥克風的最大音頻輸出電壓降低Γ 其他問題還包含極化電壓的產生。此電壓通常透過高歐 姆電阻供應給麥克風薄膜。在此所需的電源非常低。㈣ 以高效率產生此特定無功率極化電壓的電壓調節器也難以 建構。 其他問題係關於麥克風的遠端控制。對於麥克風而言， • 透過遠端控制來調節或改變麥克風參數的需求不斷增加。 這些參數包含薄膜上的極化電壓以及電容式麥克風的伴隨 敏感度、麥克風的指向特性、虛幻電源供應器的類型（12 V、 24 V或48 V)、序號、製造商的校準資料以及信號衰弱和可 連接的音頻信號渡波器。 DE 3 933 870 A1公佈一種麥克風參數遠端控制的方法， 這些參數像是指向特性、階段聲音濾波器或初期阻尼。在 處理中，傳輸至導線的供應電壓透過例如混音器内的遠端 控制單7L來調節，如此其數量代表麥克風的控制資訊◊在 100185.doc 1354499 麥克風的側上’供應電壓會中斷耦合並供應至一評估電 路：其會產生-控制信號當成供應電壓數量的函數。利用 此貝料傳輸方法，只有少量控制資訊傳輸到麥克風，因此 在麥克風内也只有—些參數可遠端控制。 此外二有關在電容式麥克風薄膜上產生極化錢的問題 至7仍舊Λ有較佳的解決辦法。極化電壓的位準直接結合 麥克，振膜的敏感度位準。結果，其也可藉助於極化^ 來調節電容式振膜的敏感度。這是在與雙薄膜振膜連接使 時的特疋優點，因為在分離供應器供應極化電壓給個別 薄膜的清況下’這些振膜不只允許調節敏感度，也調指 向特性。 ，吾人知道如何藉由固定電阻或可變電阻來調節極化電 壓。在該處理中，於麥克風組裝期間，會進行極化電壓單 次調整。在此用固定電阻比例預先決定指向特性。運用此 方法，將難以進行由麥克風振膜組裝以及由再次處理引起 φ的敏感度誤差補償。為此，在麥克風組合狀態内聲音敏感 度的測量期間，需要有極化電壓的補償。而在不同指向特 性的案例中’其也不可能補償敏感度誤差。 美國專利第4,541，112號公佈一種具有可調式脈衝產生器 的電聲轉換器系統，其將DC電流轉換成Ac電流。變壓器連 接至脈衝產生器，以感應中斷個別電源接收器的耦合。利 用變壓器上的分離繞組，將供應迴路感應耦合至脈衝產生 器所產生的交流電。本文件中將包含對此說明的參考。 有關麥克風的電源供應器，需要有一種解決方案，其中 100185.doc 1354499 由虛幻電源供應器提供的電源可獲得最佳利用，並轉換成 個別輸出接收器（像是音頻放大器、麥克風振膜、處理器、 控制器、A/D轉換器、LED顯示器等等）所需的操作電壓。 在此，本發明目的在於儘可能將最高比例虛幻電源供應器 提供的電源使用於音頻放大L目前關於這項需求的嚴重 缺點在於主要電流吸收的不規則與變動，這些不規格會轉 送並且會干擾整個麥克風的正確操作與效率。 【發明内容】 根據本發明，其目的在於達成上述麥克風，其特徵在於 該電源供應電路在輸入側上具有高歐姆固定電流產生器， 藉此關於虛幻電源單元的電路會形成一固定電流吸收器。 在DC/DC轉換器的輸入上使用固定電流產生器，確定恆 定主電流吸收。固定電流產生器與虛幻電源單元有關，其 功用像是固定電流吸收器並且代表電源供應電路的固定電 流產生器。固定電流產生器儘可能具有高歐姆值，而在立 他因素之間，簡化DC/.AC轉換期間產生的切換突波之遽 波，如此可同時避免音頻信號上的干擾重叠。 在本發明的具體實施例内，該麥克風的特徵在於該固定 電流產生器為電晶體·LED電流產生器。有了此電流產生 器，㈣會以電流的流動方向運作。結果，怪定電壓供應 至LED’而該電壓也供應至串聯並且具有射極電阻的電晶 體之基射極間二極體。此具體實施例說明—種基礎的方 式’以不昂貴的方式克服目前的缺點。 在本發明的具體實施例内，該麥克風的特徵在於該固定 100185.doc 1354499 在增加麥克風内適應可能性方面，像是改變極化電壓以 及敏感度、持續改變雙薄膜振模的指向特性以及改變微處 理器的控制信號用於儲存校準資料，以及修改頻率範圍、 最大音頻輸出電壓、放大幅度或音頻放大器的THD，基本 上在此有透過對麥克風遠端控制讓資料傳輸率實質上更高 的需求。 根據本發明，利用麥克風遠端控制的方法可達成這些目 @ ’其特徵在於虛幻電源供應器也發生將當成控制信號的 •頻率調變電壓供應至至少兩導線之一，並且在麥克風側上 的頻率調變電屋會供應至控制電子設備，例如微控制器或 CPLD(複雜可程式邏輯裝置），其根據頻率調變信號將命令 傳送給個別電源接收器。 在此方法中，頻率調變電壓重疊在虛幻電源供應器的供 應電磨上。資料傳輸發生自發射器，其配置在例如混音器 内’或在混音H之前的裝置内’透過音頻線路料麥克風。 籲此處FSK調變的載體頻率高於麥克風所要傳輸的音頻 範圍。 藉由使用頻率調變信號傳輸，相較於使用直接電流的傳 輸’可達成實質上較高的資料傳輸率，m 吏用特定通 訊協定，可傳輸大量參數。調變的載體頻率較佳是大約⑽ kHz，並且使用濾波器就可從音頻信號分離。 為了滿足電容式麥克風極化„内低誤差的需求，例如 從敏感度來看’尋求±().5dB的誤差，因此需要-種即使在 麥克風組裝階段也可彈性調整極化電壓的解決方案。 100185.doc 1354499 根據本發明，此由電容式麥克風達成，其特徵在於電容 f麥克風包含至少一調節極化電壓的電路，其中該用於調 •即極化電壓的電路包含-供應未調節電壓的類比調節迴 - 路，以及一數位調節迴路，其中該數位調節迴路包含一控 ·制電子設備，例如一微控制器或CPLD,其提供給類比調節 • 迴路一所要的極化電壓值，該值使用修正因數計算，其中 為了回饋，該類比調節迴路的輸出會與控制電子設備連接。 φ 在此處理中，利用整合至麥克風的電壓調節迴路調整極1354499 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a microphone comprising at least one microphone diaphragm, at least one audio amplifier, and at least one additional power receiver selected from the group consisting of a processor and a control electronics A group of devices, A/D and D/A converters, LED displays, etc., and its energy supply is supplied by the Unreal Power Unit through the wires of the audio environment, which is commonly known as the "Unreal Power Supply", which contains a power supply circuit for an individual power supply receiver, and the power supply circuit includes a control unit that converts direct current transmitted through the wires of the audio cable into alternating current, a transformer connected to the control unit, and the individual power supply A supply loop for the receiver, wherein the supply loop is inductively coupled to the alternating current generated by the control unit and other windings by separate windings on the transformer. [Prior Art] The power supply for the microphone is usually provided by a power supply source, such as a mixer. During the Unreal power supply, the positive pole of the feed voltage is supplied through two wires of the audio cable through two identical feeder resistors. The current is returned through a third wire connected to pin 1 of the XLR plug. In order to effectively use the voltage supplied by the Unreal Power Supply to the condenser microphone power supply, the power consumption of the microphone should be minimized to avoid excessive voltage drop across the feeder resistor. The maximum power consumption of the 48-V condenser microphone is 10 mA ° Unreal power supply is standardized according to DIN εν 61938 (formerly IEC 268). In order to generate a polarization voltage on the microphone film, the value is usually in the range of 20-1 〇〇 100185.doc 1354499 'The main combination circuit component or the power converter is used. The remaining microphone electronics are typically powered by linear regulation, which maintains the supply feed or the supply current at a predetermined value. For power supplies with a small power consumption, this power supply is suitable. When the power consumption of the microphone is increased, for example, due to the use of a processor, an A/D converter, an LED display, etc., linear banding can be problematic. In this case, most of the energy provided by the Unreal Power Supply is consumed in the linear regulator. However, because the root (four) standard 'unreal power supply will be limited by the feeder resistance, and due to the linear adjustment inside the microphone, the maximum supply of the audio amplifier - the voltage will drop immediately, resulting in the microphone's maximum audio output voltage is reduced Γ other problems It also includes the generation of a polarization voltage. This voltage is typically supplied to the microphone film through a high ohmic resistor. The power required here is very low. (iv) Voltage regulators that generate this particular unpowered polarization voltage with high efficiency are also difficult to construct. Other issues are related to the remote control of the microphone. For microphones, • The need to adjust or change microphone parameters through remote control is increasing. These parameters include the polarization voltage on the film and the accompanying sensitivity of the condenser microphone, the directional characteristics of the microphone, the type of phantom power supply (12 V, 24 V or 48 V), serial number, manufacturer's calibration data, and signal degradation. And connectable audio signal to the wave. DE 3 933 870 A1 discloses a method for remote control of microphone parameters, such as pointing characteristics, phase sound filters or initial damping. In the process, the supply voltage transmitted to the wire is adjusted by, for example, the remote control unit 7L in the mixer, such that the number represents the control information of the microphone. On the side of the microphone, the supply voltage is interrupted and coupled. Supply to an evaluation circuit: it produces - the control signal as a function of the amount of supply voltage. With this beech transmission method, only a small amount of control information is transmitted to the microphone, so only some parameters in the microphone can be remotely controlled. In addition, the problem of generating polarized money on the condenser microphone film is still a better solution. The level of the polarization voltage is directly combined with the sensitivity of the microphone and diaphragm. As a result, it is also possible to adjust the sensitivity of the capacitive diaphragm by means of the polarization ^. This is a special advantage when connected to a dual membrane diaphragm because the separation supply supplies a polarized voltage to the individual membranes. These diaphragms not only allow adjustment of the sensitivity but also the orientation characteristics. I know how to adjust the polarization voltage by means of a fixed resistor or a variable resistor. In this process, a single adjustment of the polarization voltage is performed during microphone assembly. Here, the directivity characteristic is predetermined by the ratio of the fixed resistor. With this method, it is difficult to compensate for the sensitivity error caused by the microphone diaphragm assembly and the φ caused by the reprocessing. For this reason, compensation of the polarization voltage is required during the measurement of the sound sensitivity in the microphone combination state. In the case of different pointing characteristics, it is not possible to compensate for sensitivity errors. U.S. Patent No. 4,541,112 discloses an electroacoustic transducer system having an adjustable pulse generator that converts a DC current into an Ac current. The transformer is connected to the pulse generator to sense the coupling of the individual power receivers. The supply loop is inductively coupled to the AC generated by the pulse generator using a separate winding on the transformer. A reference to this description will be included in this document. A solution for the microphone's power supply is required, 100185.doc 1354499 Power supply from the Unreal Power Supply is optimally utilized and converted to individual output receivers (like audio amplifiers, microphone diaphragms, processing) Operating voltage required for the controller, controller, A/D converter, LED display, etc.). Here, the present invention aims to use the power supply provided by the highest ratio unreal power supply as much as possible for audio amplification. Currently, a serious disadvantage of this demand is the irregularity and variation of the main current absorption, which will be transferred and interfered. The correct operation and efficiency of the entire microphone. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is an object to achieve the above microphone, characterized in that the power supply circuit has a high-ohmic fixed current generator on the input side, whereby a fixed current sink is formed with respect to the circuit of the unreal power supply unit. A fixed current generator is used at the input of the DC/DC converter to determine a constant main current sink. The fixed current generator is associated with an unreal power supply unit and functions like a fixed current sink and represents a fixed current generator of the power supply circuit. The fixed current generator has as high a ohmic value as possible, and between the other factors, the ripple of the switching spur generated during the DC/.AC conversion is simplified, so that interference overlap on the audio signal can be avoided at the same time. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the microphone is characterized in that the fixed current generator is a transistor/LED current generator. With this current generator, (iv) will operate in the direction of current flow. As a result, the voltage is supplied to the LED' and the voltage is also supplied to the inter-emitter diode of the electric crystal in series and having the emitter resistance. This particular embodiment illustrates that the underlying approach 'overcomes the current shortcomings in an inexpensive manner. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the microphone is characterized in that the fixed 100185.doc 1354499 increases the possibility of adaptation within the microphone, such as changing the polarization voltage and sensitivity, continuously changing the pointing characteristics of the dual film mode and changing The control signal of the microprocessor is used to store the calibration data, and to modify the frequency range, the maximum audio output voltage, the amplification amplitude or the THD of the audio amplifier. Basically, the data transmission rate is substantially higher through the remote control of the microphone. demand. According to the present invention, these methods can be achieved by the method of remote control of the microphone, which is characterized in that the unreal power supply also supplies a frequency modulation voltage as a control signal to one of the at least two wires, and on the microphone side. The frequency modulation house is supplied to control electronics, such as a microcontroller or CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), which transmits commands to individual power receivers based on frequency modulation signals. In this method, the frequency modulation voltage is superimposed on the supply electric grinder of the Unreal Power Supply. Data transmission occurs from the transmitter, which is configured to pass through the audio line microphone, for example, within the mixer or within the device prior to mixing H. The carrier frequency of the FSK modulation here is higher than the audio range to be transmitted by the microphone. By using frequency-modulated signal transmission, a substantially higher data transmission rate can be achieved compared to the transmission using direct current, and a large number of parameters can be transmitted using a specific communication protocol. The modulated carrier frequency is preferably about (10) kHz and can be separated from the audio signal using a filter. In order to meet the requirements of capacitive microphone polarization „inner low error, for example, from the point of view of sensitivity, 'seeking ±().5dB error, it is necessary to have a solution that can elastically adjust the polarization voltage even during the microphone assembly phase. 100185.doc 1354499 According to the invention, this is achieved by a condenser microphone, characterized in that the capacitance f microphone comprises at least one circuit for adjusting the polarization voltage, wherein the circuit for regulating the polarization voltage comprises - supplying an unregulated voltage The analogy adjusts the return path, and a digital adjustment loop, wherein the digital adjustment loop includes a control electronic device, such as a microcontroller or CPLD, which provides a desired polarization voltage value for the analog adjustment circuit. A correction factor calculation is used in which the output of the analog adjustment loop is connected to the control electronics for feedback. φ In this process, the voltage regulation loop adjustment pole integrated into the microphone is used.
化電壓。所要的極化電壓值會利用控制電子設備，透過DM 轉換器事先建立在此電路内。結果，可執行極化電壓的微 調。所要的極化電壓值也可由遠端控制傳輸至控制電子設 備。所獲得的極化電壓誤差現在取決於參考電壓來源的誤 差以及熱行為。 透過麥克風内數位控制調節迴路調節極化電壓允許對電 容式麥克風的極化電壓進行非常精確、耐干擾並且可遠端 籲控制的調整。結果，在電容式麥克風的製造以及測量技術 確認期間，可達成關於敏感度以及指向特性方面非常小的 誤差需求。極化電壓的可遠端控制調整具有不再需要利用 固定電阻或可變電阻進行重新調整的優點，這點對於成本 方面有正面效益。相較於現有具備固定極化電壓的解決方 案，依照本發明的電容式麥克風還具有下列額外可能性： 關於雙薄膜振模的個別特質方面，於差別調節指向特性 的案例中，可補償不同的麥克風敏感度，並且可儲存補償 極化電壓所需要的修正因數。 100185.doc 12 1354499 在與遠端控制結合之後，如上述’例如可在聲音測量期 間用封閉式麥克風校正極化電壓，並且再次儲存修正因數。 在此具有於操作期間改變遠端控制麥克風之極化電壓及 其指向效果的可能性這項特定優點。例如：麥克風可在歌 . 劇演出時追蹤移動中演員的聲音。 ‘ ㈣本發明的電容式麥克風可對麥克風敏感度進行老化 引起的重新校正，而不需要分解麥克風，這同樣可節省客 #彳的成本。在更換麥克風振模期間，可利用遠端控制在併 入之後重新調整麥克風原來的敏感度。 【實施方式】 圖1顯示依照本發明的麥克風主要組件之方塊圖。圖5内 顯示的麥克風虛幻電源供應器透過幅度—致的饋送号電阻 32、33由虛幻供應單元31來執行，其配置在3極插頭4之後， 例如在混音器之内或之前的XLR插頭。這種虛幻電源供座 器顯示於圖5内。根據標準，共可有三個虛幻電源供應器： • 12_V、24^或48_V供應器供應饋送器電阻的伴隨值分別為 _Ω、咖或6.8kQ。此處的線】和2代表虛幻供應單元 提供的導線；線3代表通常連接至接地㈣隔離的接地線。 透過音頻缴線，也就是透過線卜2和電阻制，座幻供應 單元31連接至依照本發明的電源供應電路11之輸人。電容; 將供應電愿與接地之間的間隔平順化。電阻_為麥克風 内的饋送器電阻。其用於解除麥克風的電源供應器與音頻 放大器1〇的輸出間之輕合。麥克風5和6的饋送器電阻將指 派成虛幻電源供應器31的額外内部電阻。當虛幻電源單元 100185.doc 1354499 的内部電阻與麥克風内電源供應電路丨丨的内部電阻—致， 就存在電源調適。如此，在電源調整案例中，虛幻電源供 - 應器的一半電壓為電源供應電路11的供應電壓《此虛幻電 源單元3 1所能產生的最大電源會以DC/DC轉換器的型離， 4 透過電源供應電路11分散到麥克風内所有能量消耗零件。 • 在此可將過多電源供應給音頻放大器10，盡可能提高麥克 風的最大音頻輸出電壓。關於不同的電源供應器電壓（根據 Φ 標準12 V、24 V或48 V)，可將電路設計成自動對不同虛幻 電源供應器產生電源調適。然後此工作由下述的控制單元 12接手。 電源供應電路11包含一電源13、一控制單元i 2以及一連 接至該控制單元12的變壓器14。控制單元12與變壓器14形 成一電路單元’將DC電壓轉換成AC電壓。在此案例中，變 壓器為震盪產生電路的一部分。當然，利用控制單元12而 不使用變壓器也可產生交流電。然後控制單元12由獨立於 • 變壓器之外的震盪電路構成，用於產生交流電。變壓器只 當成將交流電轉換成個別輸出電壓的功能。 在較佳具體實施例内，AC信號具有100-130 kHz範圍内的 頻率°AC信號也可無震盪，這代表這種電路的最簡單具體 實施例可能性。唯一重要的因素在於Ac信號的頻率範圍必 須落在音頻頻率範圍之外，如此語音頻信號才不會產生干 擾’因為這種干擾並不是用簡單濾波可以消除的。另一方 面’頻率也不可過高，否則電路的效能會下降並且會有傳 輸干擾。 100185.doc 1354499 使用頻率100-130 kHz的額外優點在於此頻率也可用來 锰成麥克風内所提供控制電子設備39的週期脈衝。結果， 因為數位週期時間與DC/DC轉換器震盪頻率之間並未產生 額外混音產物，所以數位技術所產生的干擾信號會降至最 低。 所產生的號會供應至變壓器結果，在變壓器上 產生獨立分離的繞組、個別電流迴路丨5、16、丨7，以供電 給個別耗電零件。這種不耦合結構（功率損失盡可能減少） 同時供應耗電零件所需的高電壓但是低電流’以及提供耗 電零件高電流消耗並且低電壓《個別供應迴路15、16、17 内的二極體18、19、20和電容器21、22、23代表將AC電壓 轉換成DC電壓的整流器電路。當然，在個別供應迴路内可 提供目前最新、更複雜並且更有效率的整流器電路。供應 迴路16用於將極化電壓供應給麥克風振模9，其透過電阻8 供應至麥克風振模9。 本發明當然不受限於電容式麥克風，因為任何一種麥克 風，尤其是動態麥克風，都可連接至虛幻電源供應器。虛 句電源單元會用與圖1和2内所示相同的方法供電給個別電 源接收器。但疋在動態麥克風的案例中，極化電壓並不需 要，因此不需要供應迴路16。 在DC/DC轉換器的輸入上使用固定電流產生器13，確定 恆疋主電流吸收。固定電流產生器1 3與虛幻電源單元3 j有 關’其功用像疋固疋電流吸收器並且代表電源供應電路j i 的固定電流產生器。固定電流產生器13儘可能具有高歐姆 100185.doc -15- ⑧ 丄JJ叶叶夕夕 =即電路〜8提供於二極體18與電阻8之間，"包含一 Γ=Γ47以及一類比調節迴路48,以將極化電歷供 7二克:振模9。圖6與圖7結合說明這種較佳遠端可控 二；：電路47、48。極化電壓調節所需的控制信號可透 =電路:;1、2至少之一來傳輸。底下將進-步說明這種調 即電路47、48運作的詳細結構與方法。在剩餘的供應迴路 内也可提供調節電路，所提供的電流與電壓限制並不列在 數位電路零件内。在圖1和2的較佳具體實施例内，在音頻 放大器10的供應迴路15内並未提供調節電路、结果，音頻 放大器10可使用整個電源（並未用於其他電路零件，像是處 理器、控制電子設備39、麥克風振模9上的極化電壓、A/D 或D/A轉換器44、46、LED顯示器25)。因此，在節省電流 的音頻放大器H)設計中可達成相#高的最大音頻輸出電 壓’來達成最高音頻輸出電壓。尤其是，音頻放大器_ 供應電壓也可超過虛幻電源供應器供應的電壓。因為電源 供應電路11的動作方法，所以也可產生非常簡單的正與負 供應電壓給音頻放大器1〇。結果，音頻放大器1〇也可使用 接地當成剩餘電位。因此音頻放大器（1〇)之供應饋送電壓可 與接地對稱。 在更有利的具體實施例内，上述類型的DC/DC轉換器11 可提升大約82。/。的工作效率。因為即使在最有利的案例 中’在DC/DC轉換器上還是有功率耗損，因此可能的話， 將耗電組件與DC/DC轉換器串聯。在使用固定電流產生器 13之後，可輕易將耗電組件連接至固定電流耗用設備，例 100185.doc •17· ⑧ 1354499 如邏輯供應器24,讓與DC/DC轉換器11串聯的（例如）控制電 子设備39、LED顯示器25、A/D或D/A轉換器44、46等等可 使用固定的直流電。 電源供應電路11的對應具體實施例内顯示於圖2内。相較 於圖1，其差異只在於極化電壓與音頻放大器10的電壓透過 DC/DC轉換器來產生。其他耗電組件，像是讓控制電子設 備39或LED顯示器25可使用固定預定直流電的邏輯供應器 24，都與DC/DC轉換器串聯。用於數位供應的串聯dc/dc 轉換器11用來當成主動負載電阻，其中此電阻上使用的能 量並不會轉換為熱量，但是在主要部分内，會轉換成音頻 放大器10可用的供應電源以及麥克風振模9上的極化電壓。 如圖2内所示，與邏輯供應器24連接可提供參考電壓或額 外的數位電子設備Zener二極體27，其特別適用於穩定電 壓。透過此二極體27，任何未消耗但是由固定電流產生器 13提供的電流都會釋放至接地。尤其是，可使用其他任何 固定電流產生器或分路調節器取代Zener二極體27。 釋放的電源為固定電流產生器丨3的電流以及供應至電源 供應電路11的電壓之產物。在圖丨的方塊圖内，整個電壓供 應至DC/DC轉換器11，並且所有電壓都透過轉換器 產生。在圖2的方塊圓内，電壓分成供應至Dc/dc轉換器u 的部分，以及供應至LED 25和數位供應器的第二部分。 DC/DC轉換器代表LED 25或數位供應器的現用初期電阻。 因為數位供應器上的電流消耗並非恆等，但是電流產生器 13維持恆定電流！，所以根據數位電子設備的運作狀態過 100185.doc ⑧ -18- 夕的電流必須透過Zener二極體27排出。針對音頻放大器10 的，應器’功率P=IxDC/DC轉換器上可用的電壓xDC/DC轉 換盗可用的效率程度。對於LED以及數位電子設借，功率 P=Ix數位電子設備以及LED上可用的電壓。 為了 °兒明，提供以下範例：在未受控制狀態下，音頻放 大器ίο的電流消耗大約是〇 8 mA，數位電子設備的電流消 耗大約疋4.2 mA »電流產生器丨3提供大約4 7 mA的恆定電 Λ，ί如此，在此特殊案例中，其更有利於使用DC/DC轉換 器的串聯線路’而不透過DC/DC轉換器，將電壓供應給數 位電子設備。再者，在額外發展中，在有關能量方面可發 展成更有利於讓所有所需電壓通過〇(：/]〇(：轉換器，如圖 塊圖内所示的解決方案。 在此案例中音頻放大器10的供應電壓轉換讓放大器的最 大可用功率為P=4.7 mAxl8 Vx〇_82=69 mW。如此音頻放大 器10上的電壓為U=P/I=69 mW/0.8 mA=55 V。此電壓高過電 源调適期間虚幻電源供應單元3丨提供的24 v電壓許多。不 過’因為在振膜9的薄膜上也產生極化電壓，音頻放大器1〇 的供應電壓值（音頻放大器10實際達到的供應電壓值）稍微 低於此值，但是仍舊遠高過於不含DC/DC轉換器時的24 V。 圖5顯示一麥克風54,其與一發射器或遠端控制單元55 相連。在此’重要麥克風參數的遠端控制直接透過音頻纜 線’也就是線1、2來產生。控制單元5 5較佳位於混音器上， 或配置在混音器之前。具有一參數控制輸入34的微處理器 35控制一頻率調變器36 ’其將具有相同位準的頻率調變信 l〇〇185.doc .,9. ⑧ 1354499 號饋送至音頻纜線的兩導線1、2。然後可在輸入差異放大 器42内將頻率調變信號抑制為共用模式信號《同時，虛幻 電源單元31的供應電壓會透過饋送器電阻32、33供應至兩 導線1、2。在較佳具體實施例内，頻率調變信號只供應至 , 音頻纜線的導線之一，換言之就是不用於音頻信號的導線 2 〇 Φ 在較佳具體實施例内，頻率調變信號由FSK(頻移鍵控） 0 或CPFSK(連續相位FSK)產生。這兩種調變都是數位資料傳 輸技術中已知的程序。尤其是，也可使用ASK(幅移鍵控） 或PSK(相移鍵控）調變法。不過，ASK比較容易遭受干擾， 並且PSK調變從電路技術觀點來看比較難以實施。相較於 上述方法的已知應用’在用於麥克風的案例中，關鍵因素 為調變信號必須與類比信號（音頻信號）分隔。即使若頻率調 變信號只饋送至不用於音頻信號的導線2，則音頻纜線的兩 導線1、2間之電容性耦合會導致音頻信號内產生干擾。電 φ 容性搞合取決於音頻纜線的構造以及長度。因此，雖然已 知要控制信號，但是還是難以濾除干擾。 在麥克風内，來自音頻信號的頻率調變電壓藉由濾波器 37分離，例如帶通濾波器，並且藉由控制電子設備39，例 如微控制器或CPLD(複雜可程式邏輯裝置），評估其中包含 的控制資訊。導線2透過電容43未與接地耦合。控制電子^ 備39連接在比較器38(當成電壓比較器）之前。命令透過控制 電子設備39的輸出到達’例如’電源供應電和(圖…内 可見）、音頻放大器ίο、處理器、控制電子設備39、a/d或 100I85.doc ⑧ •20· D/A轉換器44、46等等。 曰頻線1 ' 2上的頻率調變由遠端控制單元55執行，該 7較好疋值於混音器旁邊。在另-方面’於遠端控制單 •" 必湏以朝麥克風54的方向供應載波頻率，並且在 ， 另一方面，在谋奋 口 〜θ窃的方向内，必須抑制所有調變頻率。 • ” I自麥克風54的音頻信號必須傳輸。若要抑制調變頻 =取樣6 ’在音頻線^ 2上會以相同位準執行調變。在遠 鲁=控制單7^55内’頻率調變信號當成輸入差異放大器〇的 -用模式k號’並且當成共用模式信號時可適當抑制。在 遠端控制的第二變體中，頻率調變只發生在未傳輸音頻信 號的線上，也就是線2。在朝混音器的方向内，於此變體中， 藉由通過低通濾波器4 i濾波可消除頻率調變信號。包含饋 送盗電阻32、33以及差異放大器42和低通濾波器的虛幻電 源單元31並不需要併入遠端控制單元内，如圖5所示。例 如：這些組件也可在混音器内提供。 • 在來自遠端控制單元55的控制信號傳輸至麥克風54期 間，若要確定控制信號實際上已到達控制電子設備39,後 者會回應該控制信號而傳送資料確認訊息給遠端控制單元 55。資料確認訊息也可為頻率調變信號。用於遠端控制功 能的資料確認訊息並非絕對必要，不過其利用額外電子設 備來增加系統的可靠度。 上述遠端控制的方法·當然不受限於電容式麥克風，因為 任何一種麥克風的個別電源接收器，尤其是動態麥克風， 都可藉由虛幻電源供應器來運作。 100185.doc -21 · 1354499 圖6顯示根據本發明的電容式麥克風，其中藉由兩階段控 制調節迴圈進行極化電麼的調節。在此，第二數位調節迴 -路47重疊在内部類比調節迴路48之上《結果，可在麥克風 振膜9上產生已調節好 '無干擾的極化電壓。 . 透過導線傳輸並且也連接至虛幻電源單元31的較佳頻率 • 調變彳§號（具有控制資訊）會透過濾波器37和比較器38傳輪 到達控制電子設備39。上面已經針對有關根據本發明的麥 φ 克風遠端控制提出詳細說明。尤其是另請參閱圖5。透過調 節裝置或麥克風本身上的操作元件，也可對控制電子設備 39進行控制。其也有可能將控制電子設備連接到無線電或 紅外線介面，進行無線傳輸，或是連接至纜線介面。控制 電子設備39會透過D/A轉換器46，將在極化電壓的控制信號 内獲得之所要值供應給類比調節48。除了 D/A轉換器以外， 吾人也可使用脈寬調變電路（p WMp雖然P WM電路具有較 低的轉換率，不過不昂貴，因此適合用於調整轉換器内的 Φ 常數位準。圖7為具體實施例範例，顯示控制電子設備39(例 如微控制器或CPLD)加上D/A轉換器或PWM 46如何作用於 類比調節迴路48上。已知有許多最新穎的類比調節迴路， 並且為瞭解本發明並且精通此技術的人士所瞭解，其可輕 易選擇這種調節迴路的尺寸。如圖ό内圖解表示，類比調節 迴路48包含一調節電路56以及分壓器49、5〇。調節電路％ 或整體類比調節迴路48的詳細資訊顯示於圖7内。 最佳由電源供應電路u將大約1〇〇_12〇 V的未調節電壓 供應給類比調節迴路48。DC/DC轉換器的類別可與上述相 100l85.doc -22- 1354499 同’或由圖1和2内的轉換器來表示。電 的饋送器電阻。a用於解除夫古 轉克風内 ，、用於解除麥克風的電源 大器】〇的輸出間之輕合。電阻5和6… L曰頻放 與2不⑽ 冑叫6的大小—致，避免線】 也不受限於虛幻電源供應電容式麥克風，如 電源接收器。 電-式麥克風的個別 ^d/a轉換器或爾46提供的所需值，或更精確來說， :電壓的修正值’透過操作放大器52與實際值相比 ^所需值由麥克風製造以及規劃至控制電子設備期間測 的校準資料計算得出。關於此計算的參考值，吾人可使 用導線上的目前參考電廢45或將測量列印至控制電子設備 期間規劃的參考電|。參考電壓45可由例如邏輯供應器Μ 提供’這種邏輯供應器24(較佳由DC/DC轉換器u供電圖 7内並未顯示）顯示於圖1和2内。 若，抑制類比調節迴路48上不要的高頻干擾影響，較佳 具體實施例在D/A轉換器或pwM 46與類比調節迴路48的輸 入之間提供低通濾波器5丨，如圖7内所表示。類比調節迴路 48產生的實際值透過分壓器49、50採用，並且經由阻抗轉 換器53供應至操作放大器52的反向輸入。回饋線加上阻抗 轉換器並不包含於圖6的圖解圖式内。同時，此電壓也供麻 至數位調節迴路47的A/C轉換器44之輸入。結果數位信號可 提供給控制電子設備39，當成回饋。結果，外側數位調節 迴路47會封閉。在圖7内，分壓器（透過其採用實際值）由電 I00I85.doc ⑧ .23 1354499 阻49、50代表。如圖7内所示，a/D轉換器44、控制電子設 備39以及D/A轉換器46也可整合至單一組件内。 對於類比調節48的輸出而言，可透過高歐姆電阻8將調節 過的極化電壓供應給麥克風振膜9。計算調節與無干擾極化 電壓所需的修正電壓或對應修正因數可對應至不同的設 定，其反應待定敏感度、導引特性以及老化參數丨這些可 儲存在控制電子設備39提供的記憶體内，並且隨時呼叫。 稍後這些修正因數可由使用封閉麥克風的遠端控制來改 變（例如：在維修部門内或由經銷商，有可能由客戶自行改 變）。除了可對麥克風老化或更換麥克風振膜造成的特性進 行修正以外’也可進行麥克風的現場客戶指定調整。 本發明並不受限於個別具體實施例範例。當然，也可想 像到使用結合全部或至少某些上述電路的麥克風。例如： 麥克風内可提供所有可遠端控制組件的遠端控制，另外電 源供應電路Π可供電給麥克風内所有可想像的電源接收 器。 【圖式簡單說明】 底下’本發明會參考圖式進一步說明。圖式中： 圖1顯示根據本發明具有電源供應電路的電容式麥克風 之方塊圖， 圖2顯示根據本發明具有電源供應電路的電容式麥克風 具體實施例之方塊圖， 圖3顯示根據最新技術的電晶體-LED恆定電源的電路 圖， 100185.doc -24 1354499 圖4顯示根據最新技術具有反向耦合 之電路圖， 電晶體 的恆定電源 圖5顯示連接至遠端控制單元的電容式 m %令叭麥克風之方塊圖，Voltage. The desired polarization voltage value is established in the circuit by the control electronics using a DM converter. As a result, fine tuning of the polarization voltage can be performed. The desired polarization voltage value can also be transmitted to the control electronics by remote control. The polarization voltage error obtained now depends on the error of the reference voltage source and the thermal behavior. Adjusting the polarization voltage through the digital control loop in the microphone allows very precise, interference-resistant and remotely controlled adjustment of the polarization voltage of the condenser microphone. As a result, very little error requirements regarding sensitivity and pointing characteristics can be achieved during the manufacture of the condenser microphone and the confirmation of the measurement technique. The remote control adjustment of the polarization voltage has the advantage of no need to re-adjust with a fixed resistor or a variable resistor, which is a positive benefit in terms of cost. Compared to existing solutions with fixed polarization voltages, the condenser microphone according to the present invention has the following additional possibilities: Regarding the individual traits of the dual film mode, in the case of differentially adjusting the directional characteristics, different compensation can be The microphone is sensitive and can store the correction factor needed to compensate for the polarization voltage. 100185.doc 12 1354499 After combining with remote control, as described above, for example, the polarization voltage can be corrected with a closed microphone during sound measurement, and the correction factor can be stored again. There is a particular advantage of changing the polarization voltage of the remote control microphone and its potential for pointing during operation. For example, the microphone can track the voice of the moving actor during the performance of the song. ‘(iv) The condenser microphone of the present invention can recalibrate the sensitivity of the microphone without damaging the microphone, which also saves the cost of the customer. During the replacement of the microphone mode, the remote control can be used to readjust the original sensitivity of the microphone after the intrusion. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing main components of a microphone in accordance with the present invention. The microphone phantom power supply shown in Figure 5 is transmitted by the phantom supply unit 31 through the amplitude-like feed number resistors 32, 33, which are arranged after the 3-pole plug 4, such as the XLR plug within or before the mixer . This Unreal Power Supply is shown in Figure 5. There are three Unreal Power Supplies available according to the standard: • The accompanying values of the 12_V, 24^ or 48_V supply feed resistors are _Ω, coffee or 6.8kQ. Lines here and 2 represent the wires provided by the Unreal Supply Unit; Line 3 represents the ground lines that are normally connected to the ground (4) isolation. The audio supply unit 31 is connected to the input of the power supply circuit 11 according to the present invention through the audio pay line, that is, through the line 2 and the resistance system. Capacitor; smoothes the interval between the supply and the ground. Resistor_ is the feeder resistance in the microphone. It is used to uncouple the power supply of the microphone from the output of the audio amplifier. The feeder resistance of the microphones 5 and 6 will be assigned to the additional internal resistance of the phantom power supply 31. When the internal resistance of the Unreal Power Supply Unit 100185.doc 1354499 is equal to the internal resistance of the power supply circuit in the microphone, there is power supply adaptation. Thus, in the power supply adjustment case, half of the voltage of the unreal power supply is the supply voltage of the power supply circuit 11. "The maximum power that can be generated by the unreal power supply unit 31 is separated by the DC/DC converter. 4 All energy consuming parts are dispersed into the microphone through the power supply circuit 11. • Here too much power can be supplied to the audio amplifier 10 to maximize the maximum audio output voltage of the microphone. Regarding the different power supply voltages (according to Φ standard 12 V, 24 V or 48 V), the circuit can be designed to automatically adapt power to different Unreal Power supplies. This work is then taken over by the control unit 12 described below. The power supply circuit 11 includes a power supply 13, a control unit i 2, and a transformer 14 connected to the control unit 12. The control unit 12 and the transformer 14 form a circuit unit 'converting the DC voltage to an AC voltage. In this case, the transformer is part of the oscillator generating circuit. Of course, alternating current can be generated by the control unit 12 without the use of a transformer. The control unit 12 is then constructed of an oscillating circuit independent of the • transformer for generating alternating current. The transformer is only used to convert AC power into individual output voltages. In a preferred embodiment, the AC signal has a frequency in the range of 100-130 kHz. The AC signal can also be non-oscillated, which represents the simplest embodiment of the circuit. The only important factor is that the frequency range of the Ac signal must fall outside the audio frequency range, so that the audio signal does not cause interference because the interference is not eliminated by simple filtering. On the other hand, the frequency should not be too high, otherwise the performance of the circuit will drop and there will be transmission interference. 100185.doc 1354499 The additional advantage of using a frequency of 100-130 kHz can also be used at this frequency to pulse the periodic pulses of the control electronics 39 provided in the microphone. As a result, the interference signal generated by the digital technology is minimized because no additional mixing products are produced between the digital cycle time and the DC/DC converter oscillation frequency. The resulting number is supplied to the transformer result, and separate windings, individual current loops 、5, 16, and 丨7 are generated on the transformer to supply power to individual power consuming parts. This uncoupled structure (power loss is reduced as much as possible) simultaneously supplies the high voltage required for power-consuming parts but low current' and provides high current consumption of the power-consuming parts and low voltage "dipoles in individual supply circuits 15, 16, 17 The bodies 18, 19, 20 and the capacitors 21, 22, 23 represent rectifier circuits that convert the AC voltage to a DC voltage. Of course, the latest, more complex and more efficient rectifier circuits are available in individual supply loops. The supply circuit 16 is for supplying a polarization voltage to the microphone mode 9 which is supplied to the microphone mode 9 through the resistor 8. The invention is of course not limited to condenser microphones, as any type of microphone, especially a dynamic microphone, can be connected to the Unreal Power Supply. The dummy power supply unit supplies power to the individual power receivers in the same manner as shown in Figures 1 and 2. However, in the case of a dynamic microphone, the polarization voltage is not required, so the supply loop 16 is not required. A constant current generator 13 is used at the input of the DC/DC converter to determine the constant main current sink. The fixed current generator 13 is related to the Unreal Power Supply Unit 3j. Its function is like a solid current sink and represents a fixed current generator of the power supply circuit j i . The fixed current generator 13 has a high ohmic as much as possible. 100185.doc -15-8 丄JJ YE YE = = ie, the circuit 〜8 is provided between the diode 18 and the resistor 8, "includes a Γ=Γ47 and an analogy The loop 48 is adjusted to supply a polarized electrical calendar for 7 grams: the mode 9 . Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate such a preferred remote controllable second;: circuits 47, 48. The control signal required for polarization voltage regulation can be transmitted through at least one of the circuits: 1, 2, and 2. The detailed structure and method of operation of the tuning circuits 47, 48 will be described below. Regulatory circuits are also available in the remaining supply loops, and the current and voltage limits provided are not listed in the digital circuit components. In the preferred embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, no conditioning circuitry is provided within the supply loop 15 of the audio amplifier 10, and the audio amplifier 10 can use the entire power supply (not used for other circuit components, such as a processor). The control electronics 39, the polarization voltage on the microphone mode 9, the A/D or D/A converters 44, 46, and the LED display 25). Therefore, in the current-saving audio amplifier H) design, the phase #high maximum audio output voltage can be achieved to achieve the highest audio output voltage. In particular, the audio amplifier _ supply voltage can also exceed the voltage supplied by the Unreal Power Supply. Because of the method of operation of the power supply circuit 11, it is also possible to generate very simple positive and negative supply voltages to the audio amplifier. As a result, the audio amplifier 1 can also use ground as the residual potential. Therefore, the supply feed voltage of the audio amplifier (1〇) can be symmetrical with the ground. In a more advantageous embodiment, the DC/DC converter 11 of the type described above can be boosted by approximately 82. /. Work efficiency. Since there is power loss on the DC/DC converter even in the most advantageous case, the power consuming component is connected in series with the DC/DC converter if possible. After using the fixed current generator 13, the power consuming component can be easily connected to the fixed current consuming device, for example, 100185.doc • 17· 8 1354499, such as the logic supply 24, in series with the DC/DC converter 11 (eg The control electronics 39, the LED display 25, the A/D or D/A converters 44, 46, etc. may use a fixed direct current. A corresponding embodiment of the power supply circuit 11 is shown in FIG. Compared to Figure 1, the difference is only that the polarization voltage and the voltage of the audio amplifier 10 are generated by the DC/DC converter. Other power consuming components, such as logic supply 24 that allows control electronics 39 or LED display 25 to use a fixed predetermined DC power, are in series with the DC/DC converter. The series dc/dc converter 11 for digital supply is used as an active load resistor, wherein the energy used on this resistor is not converted to heat, but in the main part, it is converted into the available power supply for the audio amplifier 10 and The polarization voltage on the microphone mode 9. As shown in Fig. 2, a Zener diode 27, which is connected to the logic supply 24 to provide a reference voltage or an additional digital electronic device, is particularly suitable for stabilizing the voltage. Through this diode 27, any current that is not consumed but supplied by the fixed current generator 13 is released to ground. In particular, any other fixed current generator or shunt regulator can be used in place of the Zener diode 27. The discharged power source is the product of the current of the fixed current generator 丨3 and the voltage supplied to the power supply circuit 11. In the block diagram of the figure, the entire voltage is supplied to the DC/DC converter 11, and all voltages are generated through the converter. In the square circle of Fig. 2, the voltage is divided into a portion supplied to the Dc/dc converter u, and a second portion supplied to the LED 25 and the digital supplier. The DC/DC converter represents the active initial resistance of the LED 25 or digital supply. Because the current consumption on the digital supplier is not constant, the current generator 13 maintains a constant current! Therefore, according to the operating state of the digital electronic device, the current must be discharged through the Zener diode 27. For the audio amplifier 10, the power 'P = IxDC/DC converter is available on the xDC/DC converter for the degree of efficiency available. For LEDs and digital electronics, the power P = Ix digital electronics and the voltage available on the LEDs. For the sake of clarity, the following example is provided: in an uncontrolled state, the current consumption of the audio amplifier ίο is approximately 8 mA, and the current consumption of the digital electronics is approximately 4.2 mA » Current generator 丨3 provides approximately 4 7 mA Constant power, ί, in this particular case, it is more conducive to the use of DC / DC converter's series line ' without a DC / DC converter, the voltage is supplied to digital electronics. Furthermore, in the extra development, the relevant energy can be developed to make it more conducive to let all the required voltages pass through the 〇(:/]〇(: converter, as shown in the block diagram. In this case The supply voltage conversion of the audio amplifier 10 allows the maximum available power of the amplifier to be P = 4.7 mAxl8 Vx 〇 82 = 69 mW. Thus the voltage on the audio amplifier 10 is U = P / I = 69 mW / 0.8 mA = 55 V. The voltage is higher than the 24 V voltage provided by the Unreal Power Supply Unit 3丨 during power supply adaptation. However, because the polarization voltage is also generated on the film of the diaphragm 9, the supply voltage value of the audio amplifier 1〇 (the audio amplifier 10 actually reaches The supply voltage value) is slightly lower than this value, but still far higher than 24 V without the DC/DC converter. Figure 5 shows a microphone 54 connected to a transmitter or remote control unit 55. 'The remote control of the important microphone parameters is generated directly through the audio cable', ie lines 1, 2. The control unit 55 is preferably located on the mixer or in front of the mixer. With a parameter control input 34 The microprocessor 35 controls a frequency modulation 36 'It will have the same level of frequency modulation signal l 185.doc ., 9.8 1354499 feed to the two wires 1 and 2 of the audio cable. The frequency can then be modulated in the input difference amplifier 42 The signal is suppressed to the common mode signal. Meanwhile, the supply voltage of the unreal power supply unit 31 is supplied to the two wires 1, 2 through the feeder resistors 32, 33. In the preferred embodiment, the frequency modulation signal is only supplied to the audio cable. One of the wires of the wire, in other words a wire 2 that is not used for the audio signal 〇Φ In a preferred embodiment, the frequency modulation signal is generated by FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) 0 or CPFSK (Continuous Phase FSK). Modulation is a program known in digital data transmission technology. In particular, ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) or PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation can also be used. However, ASK is more susceptible to interference, and PSK modulation From a circuit technology point of view, it is difficult to implement. Compared to the known application of the above method, in the case of a microphone, the key factor is that the modulated signal must be separated from the analog signal (audio signal) even if the frequency modulation signal Feeding to the wire 2 that is not used for the audio signal, the capacitive coupling between the two wires 1 and 2 of the audio cable causes interference within the audio signal. The electrical capacitance depends on the construction and length of the audio cable. Although it is known to control the signal, it is still difficult to filter out the interference. Within the microphone, the frequency modulation voltage from the audio signal is separated by a filter 37, such as a bandpass filter, and by controlling the electronic device 39, for example, micro The controller or CPLD (complex programmable logic device) evaluates the control information contained therein. The wire 2 is not coupled to ground through the capacitor 43. The control electronics 39 is connected before the comparator 38 (as a voltage comparator). The command passes through the output of the control electronics 39 to 'for example' power supply and (visible in the figure), audio amplifier ίο, processor, control electronics 39, a/d or 100I85.doc 8 • 20· D/A conversion 44, 46 and so on. The frequency modulation on the chirp line 1 '2 is performed by the remote control unit 55, which preferably depreciates next to the mixer. In another aspect, the remote control unit must supply the carrier frequency in the direction of the microphone 54, and on the other hand, in the direction of the spoofing, the modulation frequency must be suppressed. • “I must transmit the audio signal from the microphone 54. If you want to suppress the frequency modulation = sample 6 ', the modulation will be performed at the same level on the audio line ^ 2. In the far-down = control list 7^55 'frequency modulation The signal is treated as the input differential amplifier --using mode k number' and can be appropriately suppressed when it is a shared mode signal. In the second variant of the remote control, the frequency modulation occurs only on the line where the audio signal is not transmitted, that is, the line. 2. In the direction towards the mixer, in this variant, the frequency modulation signal can be eliminated by filtering through the low pass filter 4 i. The feed resistors 32, 33 and the difference amplifier 42 and the low pass filter are included. The Unreal Power Supply Unit 31 does not need to be incorporated into the remote control unit as shown in Figure 5. For example, these components can also be provided in the mixer. • Control signals from the remote control unit 55 are transmitted to the microphone 54. During this period, if it is determined that the control signal has actually reached the control electronics 39, the latter will respond to the control signal and transmit a data confirmation message to the remote control unit 55. The data confirmation message can also be a frequency modulation signal. The data confirmation message of the end control function is not absolutely necessary, but it uses additional electronic equipment to increase the reliability of the system. The above method of remote control is of course not limited to a condenser microphone, because of the individual power receiver of any kind of microphone, In particular, dynamic microphones can be operated by an unreal power supply. 100185.doc -21 · 1354499 Figure 6 shows a condenser microphone in accordance with the present invention in which adjustment of the polarization is performed by a two-stage control adjustment loop Here, the second digit adjustment back-channel 47 is superimposed on the internal analog adjustment loop 48. As a result, a well-adjusted 'no-interference polarization voltage can be generated on the microphone diaphragm 9. Transmitted through the wire and also connected The preferred frequency to the unreal power supply unit 31, the modulation number (with control information), passes through the filter 37 and the comparator 38 to the control electronics 39. The above has been directed to the wheat gram according to the present invention. The end control is described in detail. In particular, please refer to Fig. 5. Through the adjusting device or the operating element on the microphone itself, it can also be Control electronics 39 controls. It is also possible to connect the control electronics to a radio or infrared interface for wireless transmission or to a cable interface. Control electronics 39 will pass through D/A converter 46, which will be polarized. The desired value obtained in the voltage control signal is supplied to the analog adjustment 48. In addition to the D/A converter, we can also use a pulse width modulation circuit (p WMp although the P WM circuit has a lower conversion rate, but is not expensive It is therefore suitable for adjusting the Φ constant level in the converter. Figure 7 is an example of a specific embodiment showing how the control electronics 39 (such as a microcontroller or CPLD) plus the D/A converter or PWM 46 acts on the analogy A number of the most novel analogy adjustment loops are known in the regulation circuit 48, and the size of such a regulation loop can be readily selected for those skilled in the art and skilled in the art. As shown in the figure, the analog adjustment circuit 48 includes an adjustment circuit 56 and voltage dividers 49, 5A. Detailed information on the adjustment circuit % or the overall analog adjustment circuit 48 is shown in FIG. Preferably, an unregulated voltage of approximately 1 〇〇 _12 〇 V is supplied to the analog adjustment circuit 48 by the power supply circuit u. The class of the DC/DC converter can be the same as that described above with respect to the phase 100l85.doc -22- 1354499 or by the converters in Figures 1 and 2. Electrical feeder resistance. a is used to relieve the fugue in the wind, and to remove the power of the microphone. Resistors 5 and 6... L曰 Frequencies and 2 No (10) The size of the squeaky 6 is such that the line is not limited to the Unreal Power Supply condenser microphone, such as a power receiver. The individual ^d/a converter of the electro-microphone or the desired value provided by the 46, or more precisely: the voltage correction value 'through the operational amplifier 52 compared to the actual value ^ required value is made by the microphone and The calibration data measured during the planning to control of the electronic device is calculated. For reference values for this calculation, we can use the current reference electrical waste 45 on the conductor or print the measurement to the reference power planned during the control electronics. The reference voltage 45 can be provided by, for example, a logic supply ’. Such a logic supply 24 (preferably powered by the DC/DC converter u not shown in Figure 7) is shown in Figures 1 and 2. If the high frequency interference effect on the analog adjustment loop 48 is suppressed, the preferred embodiment provides a low pass filter 5 之间 between the D/A converter or the input of the pwM 46 and the analog adjustment loop 48, as shown in FIG. Expressed. The actual value produced by the analog adjustment loop 48 is applied through the voltage dividers 49, 50 and supplied to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 52 via the impedance converter 53. The feedback line plus impedance converter is not included in the diagram of Figure 6. At the same time, this voltage is also supplied to the input of the A/C converter 44 of the digital adjustment circuit 47. The resulting digital signal can be provided to control electronics 39 as feedback. As a result, the outer digital adjustment circuit 47 is closed. In Figure 7, the voltage divider (through which the actual value is used) is represented by the resistors I00I85.doc 8.23 1354499, 49, 50. As shown in Figure 7, a/D converter 44, control electronics 39, and D/A converter 46 can also be integrated into a single component. For the output of the analog adjustment 48, the adjusted polarization voltage can be supplied to the microphone diaphragm 9 through the high ohmic resistor 8. The correction voltage or the corresponding correction factor required to calculate the adjustment and the interference-free polarization voltage may correspond to different settings, the response pending sensitivity, the guiding characteristics, and the aging parameters, which may be stored in the memory provided by the control electronics 39. And call at any time. These correction factors can be changed later by the remote control using a closed microphone (for example, in the maintenance department or by the dealer, it is possible to change it by the customer). In addition to correcting the characteristics of the microphone aging or replacing the microphone diaphragm, the on-site customer-specific adjustment of the microphone can also be performed. The invention is not limited by the examples of the specific embodiments. Of course, it is also conceivable to use a microphone incorporating all or at least some of the above circuits. For example: The remote control of all remote control components can be provided in the microphone, and the power supply circuit can supply power to all conceivable power receivers in the microphone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Bottom] The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a block diagram showing a condenser microphone having a power supply circuit according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a specific embodiment of a condenser microphone having a power supply circuit according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view showing a state according to the latest technology. Circuit diagram of a transistor-LED constant power supply, 100185.doc -24 1354499 Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram with reverse coupling according to the state of the art, a constant power supply for the transistor. Figure 5 shows a capacitive m% horn microphone connected to the remote control unit. Block diagram,
固顯示具有用於調整極化電壓的積體電路之電容式麥 克風的方塊圖， 圖7顯示用於調整極化電壓的電路’其中包含類比與數位 調節迴路。A block diagram of a capacitive microphone having an integrated circuit for adjusting a polarization voltage is shown, and Fig. 7 shows a circuit for adjusting a polarization voltage, which includes an analogy and a digital adjustment loop.
【主要元件符號說明】[Main component symbol description]
1 線 2 線 3 線 4 3極插頭 5 電阻 6 電阻 7 電容 8 電阻 9 麥克風振模 10 音頻放大器 11 電源供應電路 12 控制單元 13 電源產生器 14 變壓器 15 電流迴路 16 電流迴路 100185.doc -25- 13544991 line 2 line 3 line 4 3 pole plug 5 resistor 6 resistor 7 capacitor 8 resistor 9 microphone mode 10 audio amplifier 11 power supply circuit 12 control unit 13 power generator 14 transformer 15 current loop 16 current loop 100185.doc -25- 1354499
17 電流迴路 18 二極體 19 二極體 20 二極體 21 電容器 22 電容器 23 電容器 24 邏輯供應器 25 LED顯示器 27 Zener二極體 28 反向耦合退化電晶體 29 反向耦合退化電晶體 30 整合固定電流產生器 31 虛幻供應單元 32 饋送器電阻 33 饋送器電阻 34 參數控制輸入 35 微處理器 36 頻率調變器 37 遽波器 38 比較器 39 控制電子設備 41 低通滤波器 42 差異放大器 -26- 100185.doc17 Current loop 18 Diode 19 Dipole 20 Dipole 21 Capacitor 22 Capacitor 23 Capacitor 24 Logic supply 25 LED display 27 Zener diode 28 Inverse coupling degeneration transistor 29 Inverse coupling degeneration transistor 30 Integrated fixation Current Generator 31 Unreal Supply Unit 32 Feeder Resistor 33 Feeder Resistor 34 Parameter Control Input 35 Microprocessor 36 Frequency Modulator 37 Chopper 38 Comparator 39 Control Electronics 41 Low Pass Filter 42 Differential Amplifier-26- 100185.doc
D 1354499 43 電容 44 A/D或D/A轉換器 45 參考電壓 46 A/D或D/A轉換器 47 調節電路 48 調節電路 49 分壓器 50 分壓器 51 低通濾波器 52 操作放大器 53 阻抗轉換器 54 麥克風 55 遠端控制單元 56 調節電路 100185.doc -27- ⑧D 1354499 43 Capacitor 44 A/D or D/A converter 45 Reference voltage 46 A/D or D/A converter 47 Regulation circuit 48 Regulation circuit 49 Voltage divider 50 Voltage divider 51 Low-pass filter 52 Operational amplifier 53 Impedance converter 54 microphone 55 remote control unit 56 regulation circuit 100185.doc -27- 8