1342582 1 Λ 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明之實施例大體而言係關於使用電磁輻射束來調 整材料之表面。更明確地說,本發明之實施例係關於一種 使用電子束來調整用於製程反應室内之構件表面的方法, 以在反應室構件上提供一表面紋理(a textured surface)。 【先前技街】 隨著積體電路裝置持績被以缩小尺寸生產,這些裝置 之製造變得更容易受到因為污染而降低的良率所影響。因 此’生產積趙電路裝置’特別是具有較小實體尺寸者,便 需要使污染被控制在比先前認為所需者更廣泛的程度。 積趙電路裝置之污染可能來自例如薄膜沈積、蝕刻或 其他半導體生產製程期間不預期之雜散粒子揸擊基板而 來。大體而言,積體電路裝置之製造包含使用例如物理氣 相沈積(PVD)和濺鍍反應室、化學氣相沈積(CVD)反應室、 電漿蝕刻反應室等反應室。在沈積和蝕刻製程期間,材料 往往從氣態凝結至反應室各種内表面±,而形成存在於該 反應室表面上之固14。此凝結之外來物質在反應室内表面 上累積’並傾向於在晶圓製程順序之間或期間從該等内表 面上分離或剝落。A分離之外來物質然後可能撞擊並污染 晶圓基板及其上之裝置。受污染之裝置常常必須被丟棄, 因此降低該製程之製造良率。 5 1342582 為了防止凝結在製程反應室内表面之外來物質分離, 可將提供一表面紋理予内表面以使形成在這些表面上之凝 結的外來物質對該表面有增強的附著力,因此可能較不會 分離並污染晶圓基板。目前用來提供一表面紋理予反應室 表面之方法包含「喷砂法(或稱珠光處理,bead blasting)」。 喷砂法包含將堅硬微粒喷射在該表面上以使該表面粗糙 化°或者,可以藉由在該表面上應用一塗層以提供一表面 紋理予該表面,例如利用铭電弧嗔塗法(arc spray)沈積之 薄的鋁塗層。但是,這些及用來在製程反應室中調整表面 之其他常用方法有時在凝結物質和該反應室表面間創造足 约附著力方面是沒有效果的。 為了防止與分離的外來物質相關的問題發生,反應室 表面需要經常性的,並且有時是冗長的清潔步驟以將凝結 物質從反應室表面去除。此外,無論所執行的清潔次數為 何’在某些情況下,來自分離之外來物質的污染仍然會發 生。 因此,存在降低緣自凝結在製程反應室内表面之外來 物質之污染的需要,以及發展一種促進凝結物質在製程反 應室内史· 鬥表面上之附著力之方法的需要。 【發明内容】 本發明大體而言提供一種用來提供一表面紋理予工作 件表£ 之方法。該方法包含提供一工作件至一紋理化反應室 日— $磁能量束攆瞄過該工作件表面以在其上形成複數 6 個特徵。所形成之該等特徵係選自凹陷(depressions)、突起 (protuberances)、以及其組合。 本發明大體而言提供一種提供一表面紋理予工作件表 面之方法。該方法包含提供一工作件至一紋理化反應室並且 以電子束掃瞄過該工作件表面以在其上形成複數個特徵^所 形成之該等特徵係選自凹陷、突起、以及其組合。 本發明也提供一種降低製程反應室内之污染之方法。 該方法包含以電磁能量束掃瞄過一或多個製程反應室構件 表面以在其上形成複數個特徵。所形成之該等特徵係選自凹 陷 '突起、以及其組合。該方法進一步包含將該一或多個反 應室構件置入一製程反應室内,並且在該製程反應室内開始 執行製程順序。 【實施方式】 第1圊示出可用來調整工作件104表面之表面紋理化 設備100之剖面概要視圖。表面紋理化設備1〇〇通常包含 一管柱120。該管柱内部設置有環繞一陰極丨〇6之偏壓蓋 11 6。該陰極1 〇6可以是,例如,含有例如鎢之材料之細絲。 一高壓電纜122係經耦合至該陰極106,其連接一高壓電 源供應器至該陰極1 〇6及該陽極1 08。 與該陰極106分開並且在該陰極丨〇6下方的是—陽極 108’以及兩對高速偏流線圈((1以16(^〇1>(;〇丨丨)1123、1121)。 一通孔118係經形成在該陽極ι〇8内。一快速聚焦線圈 110,在設什上通常是環狀的並且與該管柱12〇同心,係經 1342582 設置在陽極108下方。該兩對高速偏流線圈1 12a、1 12b 存在於該快速聚焦線圈110下方。與管柱120連接並且在 其下方者是具有一上表面11 4t之工作反應室114。該工作 反應室通常含有一基板支撐140。該基板支撐140可以連 接至一促動裝置142,例如,能夠轉移該工作件104或將 該工作件104沿著一或多個旋轉轴旋轉之促動器或旋轉 桿’以移動該基板支撐140。促動裝置142將該基板相對 於電堪束102移動。電磁束102可以是,例如,電子束。 該基板支撐140可以進一步含有一加熱元件150,例如, 電阻加熱器或熱電裝置》—安置於陽極108和快速聚焦線 圈110間之隔雄間128通常分隔管柱]2〇,因此可將反應 室114維持在與位於該隔離閥128上之管柱120部分不同 的壓力下。 一幫浦1 24 ’例如一擴散幫浦或一渦輪分子幫浦透過 一閥126連接至管柱ι20。幫浦124係用來排空管柱12〇。 通常’一真空幫浦130透過一隔離閥in連接至反應室114 以排空反應室114。可用或可經調整而用於在此所述之製 程中之電子束裝置之實例包含來自康乃迪克州Enfield市 之精密技術公司(Precision Technologies)或來自英國Cabs 省Water beach市之康株真空工程公司(cambridge Vacuum Engineering)之電子束》 雖然第1園具體示出包含電子束之表面紋理化設備, 但是使用任何電磁波或粒子束是落在本發明範圍内的,例 如,質子束、中子束、x光束、雷射光束、電弧束等。此 8 1342582 外,電磁束一詞的使用並不意味著受限於帶電粒子束,而 是意味著包含轉移至該工作件之任何形式的聚焦能量,例 如電子束、質子或中子束、X光、高密度光學射線(例如雷 射)、或電弧類型製程(例如放電加工(E DM)等)。該表面紋 理化設備通常包含用來控制並將該特定能量束聚焦在該工 作件表面上之裝置。用來控制並聚焦該能量束之特定裝置 通常取決於所用之電磁射線之特定類型。 _面紋理化製鋥 提供一表面紋理予工作件104表面之多種方法在第 3A、3B、3C、3D、3E和3F圓中描述。更明確地說,第 3A圖描述一系列方法步驟300,其在步驟3〇1開始並且進 行至步驟304,其中一工作件1〇4係經提供至一表面紋理 化反應至内,例如第1圖之反應室114。第3B圓描述一種 如在第3A圓中之製程3〇〇,但添加一步驟其中工作 件1〇4在接受紋理化製程前先預熱。第3C圖描述一系列 如在第3A圖中之方法步驟3 〇〇,但添加一步驟其中 工作件1〇4在步驟304前先消除應力,以及一步驟3〇7, 其中該工作件在接受紋理化製程前先預熱。第3d圓描述 一系列如在第3A圏中之方法步驟3〇〇,但添加一步驟 302,其中工作件1()4在步称3()4前先消除應力。該預熱步 琢和應力消除步驟可在與該紋理化製程分開的反應室或相 同的反應室中執行。第3E圖描述一系列如在第3A圖中之 方法步騨3 00 添加一步驟31卜其中在紋理化製程於步 9 禅31 ο完成後將該工作件消除應力,以消除在紋理化製程 期間產生或之後餘留的任何應力。在本發明之其他實施例 中’步称311也可被添加在如在第3b、3c、3D和3F圓中 所述之其他方法步驟300中,以消除工作件中由應用紋理1342582 1 Λ 玖, DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the use of a beam of electromagnetic radiation to modify the surface of a material. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of using an electron beam to adjust the surface of a component used in a process chamber to provide a textured surface on the chamber component. [Previous Tech Street] As the performance of integrated circuit devices is reduced in size, the manufacture of these devices becomes more susceptible to the reduced yield due to contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to make the contamination more controlled to a greater extent than previously thought. Contamination of the IC device may result from spurious particles slamming the substrate, such as during film deposition, etching, or other semiconductor manufacturing processes. In general, the fabrication of an integrated circuit device includes the use of a reaction chamber such as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) and a sputtering reaction chamber, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction chamber, a plasma etching reaction chamber, and the like. During the deposition and etching processes, the material tends to condense from the gaseous state to various internal surfaces of the reaction chamber to form a solid 14 present on the surface of the reaction chamber. This condensed foreign matter accumulates on the surface of the reaction chamber and tends to separate or peel off from the inner surface between or during the wafer processing sequence. A separate foreign matter may then impact and contaminate the wafer substrate and the devices thereon. Contaminated devices often have to be discarded, thus reducing the manufacturing yield of the process. 5 1342582 In order to prevent condensation from separating outside the surface of the process chamber, a surface texture may be provided to the inner surface to allow the condensed foreign matter formed on the surfaces to have enhanced adhesion to the surface, and thus may be less Separate and contaminate the wafer substrate. Current methods for providing a surface texture to the surface of a reaction chamber include "bead blasting". The blasting method comprises spraying hard particles onto the surface to roughen the surface. Alternatively, a surface texture can be applied to the surface by applying a coating to the surface, for example, by using an arc coating method (arc). Spray) a thin aluminum coating deposited. However, these and other common methods used to adjust the surface in the process chamber are sometimes ineffective in creating sufficient adhesion between the condensate and the surface of the chamber. In order to prevent problems associated with separated foreign matter, the surface of the reaction chamber needs to be frequent, and sometimes a lengthy cleaning step to remove the condensate from the surface of the reaction chamber. In addition, no matter how many times the cleaning is performed, in some cases, contamination from substances separated from the separation will still occur. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the contamination of materials from the surface of the process chamber, and to develop a method for promoting the adhesion of the condensate to the surface of the process chamber. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally provides a method for providing a surface texture to a worksheet. The method includes providing a workpiece to a texturing reaction chamber day - a magnetic energy beam is directed across the surface of the workpiece to form a plurality of features thereon. The features formed are selected from the group consisting of depressions, protuberances, and combinations thereof. The present invention generally provides a method of providing a surface texture to the surface of a workpiece. The method includes providing a workpiece to a texturing reaction chamber and scanning the surface of the workpiece with an electron beam to form a plurality of features thereon selected from the group consisting of depressions, protrusions, and combinations thereof. The present invention also provides a method of reducing contamination in a process chamber. The method includes scanning an electromagnetic energy beam through one or more process chamber component surfaces to form a plurality of features thereon. The features formed are selected from the recesses ' protrusions, and combinations thereof. The method further includes placing the one or more reaction chamber components into a process chamber and beginning a process sequence within the process chamber. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a surface texturing apparatus 100 which can be used to adjust the surface of a workpiece 104. The surface texturing device 1〇〇 typically includes a column 120. A biasing cover 116 surrounding a cathode 丨〇 6 is disposed inside the column. The cathode 1 〇 6 may be, for example, a filament containing a material such as tungsten. A high voltage cable 122 is coupled to the cathode 106 and is coupled to a high voltage power supply to the cathode 1 〇 6 and the anode 108. Separate from the cathode 106 and below the cathode crucible 6 are an anode 108' and two pairs of high speed bias coils ((1 is 16 (^1), a via 118). Formed within the anode 10, a fast focus coil 110, which is generally annular in shape and concentric with the column 12, is disposed under the anode 108 via 1342582. The two pairs of high speed bias coils 1 12a, 1 12b are present below the fast focus coil 110. Connected to the column 120 and below it is a working reaction chamber 114 having an upper surface 11 4t. The working chamber typically contains a substrate support 140. The substrate support 140 can be coupled to an actuating device 142, such as an actuator or rotating rod that can transfer the workpiece 104 or rotate the workpiece 104 along one or more axes of rotation to move the substrate support 140. Device 142 moves the substrate relative to electrical beam 102. Electromagnetic beam 102 can be, for example, an electron beam. The substrate support 140 can further include a heating element 150, such as a resistive heater or thermoelectric device - disposed at anode 108 And fast The compartments 128 between the focusing coils 110 are generally separated by a column of tubes 2, so that the reaction chamber 114 can be maintained at a different pressure than the portion of the column 120 located on the isolation valve 128. A pump 1 24 'e. The diffusion pump or a turbomole pump is connected to the column ι20 through a valve 126. The pump 124 is used to evacuate the column 12. Typically, a vacuum pump 130 is connected to the reaction chamber 114 through an isolation valve in Evacuation of the reaction chamber 114. Examples of electron beam devices that may be used or that may be adapted for use in the processes described herein include Precision Technologies from Enfield, Connecticut, or Water Beach, from the Canadian province of Cabs. Electron Beam of Cambridge Vacuum Engineering Although the first field specifically shows a surface texturing apparatus including an electron beam, it is within the scope of the invention to use any electromagnetic wave or particle beam, for example, Proton beam, neutron beam, x beam, laser beam, arc beam, etc. The use of the term electromagnetic beam is not meant to be limited to charged particle beams, but rather to include Any form of focusing energy that is moved to the workpiece, such as an electron beam, a proton or neutron beam, an X-ray, a high-density optical ray (such as a laser), or an arc-type process (such as electrical discharge machining (E DM), etc.). The surface texturing apparatus typically includes means for controlling and focusing the particular energy beam on the surface of the workpiece. The particular means for controlling and focusing the energy beam typically depends on the particular type of electromagnetic radiation used. A variety of methods for providing a surface texture to the surface of the workpiece 104 are described in the 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, and 3F circles. More specifically, FIG. 3A depicts a series of method steps 300 beginning at step 3〇1 and proceeding to step 304, wherein a workpiece 1〇4 is provided to a surface texturing reaction, eg, first The reaction chamber 114 of the figure. The 3B circle describes a process as in the 3A circle, but adds a step in which the workpiece 1〇4 is preheated before undergoing the texturing process. Figure 3C depicts a series of steps 3 of the method as in Figure 3A, but with the addition of a step in which the workpiece 1〇4 is relieved of stress prior to step 304, and a step 3〇7 in which the workpiece is accepted Preheat before the texture process. The 3d circle describes a series of method steps 3〇〇 as in the 3A, but adds a step 302 in which the workpiece 1() 4 is relieved of stress before the step 3()4. The preheat step and stress relief step can be performed in a reaction chamber or the same reaction chamber separate from the texturing process. Figure 3E depicts a series of steps as in step 3A, step 00, adding a step 31, wherein after the texturing process is completed in step 9 zen 31, the workpiece is relieved of stress to eliminate during the texturing process. Any stress that occurs or remains afterwards. In other embodiments of the invention, the step 311 may also be added in other method steps 300 as described in the 3b, 3c, 3D and 3F circles to eliminate the application of texture by the workpiece.
化製程所引發的應力,或去除工作件中之餘留應力。第3F 圖描述一系列如在第3A圖中之方法步驟3〇〇,但添加—步 驟312’其中在紋理化製程於步驟31〇完成後將該工作件 做化學清潔,以降低或預防污染影準到未來製程,並促進 第二材料對該工作件之附著力。在本發明其他實施例中, 步称312也可被添加在如在第3B、3C、3D和3E圖中所述 之其他方法步驟300中,以降低或預防污染影響到將會使 用該工作件之未來製程,並促進第二材料對該工作件之附 著力。 該工作件通常含有金屬,例如金屬或金屬合金、陶曼 持料、高分子材料、複合材料、或其組合物。在一實施例 中’該工作件含有金屬,其係選自鋼、不錄鋼、鈕、鎮、 鈦、銅、鋁、鎳、氧化鋁、氮化鋁、氧化矽、碳化矽、藍 寶石(Ah〇3)、及其組合物。在一實施例申該工作件含有金 屬合金,例如奥氏體(austenitic)類型之不鏽鋼、鐵鎳鉻合 金(例如Inconel®合金)、鎳鉻鉬鎢合金(例如Hastelloy®)、 銅鋅合金、鉻銅合金(例如有平衡的銅之5%或1〇%鉻)、 或諸如此類者》在另一個實施例中,該工作件含有石英。 該工作件也可以含有高分子,例如聚亞醢胺 (P〇lyimide)(Vespel®)、聚醚醚酮(p〇iyEtherEtherKetone)、 10 1342582 聚芳醋(polyarylate)(Ardel@)、以及諸如此類者。 參見步辨306,反應室114和管柱120係經排空至範 圍在約1 X 1〇-3至i χ 1〇-5托耳内之壓力下。在一實施例 中’電磁束102係利用一電阻加熱器(未示出)加熱陰極ι〇6 並利用一電源(未示出)應用電流至該陰極來形成。電子從 該陰極脫離並聚集在該偏壓蓋116中。一負的高壓電位, 稱為一加速電愿經由電纜122相對於該陽極1〇8應用至該 陰極,而強度通常比加速電壓小之第二負電位係經應用至 該偏堡蓋。該加速電壓可以在約5〇至約16〇kV範圍内。 該第二電位係用來控制傳送至該工作件1〇4之電子束能量 強度。 電子移動通過該陽極内之通孔118並且開始偏移。位 於該陽極180下方之快速聚焦線圈11〇將該電子束聚焦至 該工作件104上之一狹窄直徑内,而高速偏流線圈112&、 112b將該電子束磁性偏移至工作件1〇4表面之特定位置 上。電流係經應用至該快速聚焦線圈丨丨〇和高速偏流線圈 112a、ll2b,以產生足夠的磁通量來操控該電子束1〇2。 在通過快速聚焦線圈H0和高速偏流線圈n2a、U2b後, 該電子束便經提供至該工作件表面,如在第3圖之步驟3〇8 中所示者。該反應室U4之上表面丨丨以和工作件1〇4間之 距離是該電子束之工作距離。在一實施例中,該工作距離 係約50毫米至約1000毫米,較佳地約2〇〇毫米至約35〇 毫米。 參見第2圖,一微處理控制器2〇〇較佳地被連接至聚 11 1342582 焦線圈110和高速偏流線圈112a、112b。該微處理控制器 2 00可以疋能夠在工業設定上使用以控制各種反應室和子 處理器之任何型式之一般用途電腦處理器(CPU)之一種。 該電腦可使用任何適合的記憶體,例如隨機存取記憶體、 唯讀記憶體、軟碟機、硬碟、或任何其他型式之數位儲存 體,區域的(local)或遠端的。可將各種支援電路(supp〇rt circuit)連接至CPU以利用習知方式支援該處理器。所需 之軟體例行程式可儲存在記憶體中或由位於遠端之第二 CPU執行。 該等軟體例行程式在工作件104被安置於反應室n4 中後執行》該軟體例行程式,當執行時,將一般用途電腦 轉換成可控制反應室操作之特定製程電腦,因此反應室製 程即被執行。或者,本發明之製程可在硬體中執行,做為 一特殊應用積體電路或其他類型之硬體執行,或者軟體和 硬體之組合。 再次參見第2圖,通常一組指令係經編碼在一提供予 控制器200之電腦可讀媒體上。由執行該等指令而產生之 控制訊號從控制器200透過一或多個信號產生器204傳達 至快速聚焦線圈110和高速偏流線圈112a、112b。在〆實 施例中,指令係透過五個信號產生器204來傳達。五個信 號產生器的其中之一係用來做快速聚焦》兩個訊號產生器 係用來做第一電子束偏移,並且兩個信號產生器係用來做 為第二電子束偏移。該等信號產生器伴隨有相對應之功率 放大器(未示出)。該等指令通常使該快速聚焦線圈Π〇和 12 1342582 高速偏流線圏n2a、112b可以藉由將該電磁束移動至該工 作件表面上之特定位置來操控該電磁束1〇2,以在該工作 件104表面上創造出-特定圓案、間隔、以及特徵性質。 該等信號產生器能夠產生多種頻率之信號波形。這使 得電子束104之位置和焦點直徑可快速調整成為來自控制 器之信號,並使特徵可以快逮在該工作件表面上形成。該 等信號控制器204較佳地連接至—或多個功率放大器、電 源供應器等(未示出),以促進信號在該控制器2〇〇和該聚 焦線圈11〇以及高速偏流線圈U2a、u2b間傳達。 如在第3圖之步驟310中所示,該電磁束1〇2係經掃 瞄過該工作件! 04表面。工作件1〇4可在該電磁束掃瞄過 該工作件1〇4表面前先加熱至一預熱溫度。該預熱溫度通 常取決於製造該工作件1〇4所用之材料。例如,可將工作 件1 04加熱至低於工作件丨〇4開始融化經歷物理狀態改 變或經歷基本上分解的溫度之預熱溫度。工作件丨〇4可以 利用’例如’帛1圖所示之加熱元# 15〇來加熱。該工作 件也可以藉由在提供表面紋理予該工作件之前先以該電子 束掃瞄該構件來加熱。此第一掃瞄步驟可利用將該電子束 以加熱將在其上執行紋理化製程之區域的形態在該表面上 快速轉移來執行。在一實施例中,該電子束、或其他能量 來源、製程參數,例如焦距和製程功率,在預熱該工作件 之製程期間是可變的。預熱製程期間使用之該等製程參數 可能取決於預期之預熱溫度、電子束轉移通過該工作件表 面之速度、及/或紋理化前先行預熱之工作件材料。 13 1342582 之製 應室 玄該 不限 在此 時間 到預 該反 該反 執行 他先 力可 及各 應力 知的 量及 高速 通過 作件 104 形〇 在一實施例中,執行該紋理化製程前先預熱該工作件 程可藉由一能量源181的運用來完成,其係設置在反 114中接近該工作件1〇4處,其傳遞某些型式的能量 工作件104。技藝中熟知之典型能量源實例包含,但 於,輻射熱燈、誘導式加熱器或紅外線型電阻加熱器。 配置中,該能量源i 8丨係蛵「開啟」並維持一段特定 或直到該工作件在開始該故理化製程(步驟3〇7)前達 期溫度為止。在另一個實施例中,該工作件1〇4可在 應至114外預熱’然後在軚行該紋理化製程前才移進 應室中(在步驟304前完成)。 一應力消除製程也可在該預熱和紋理化製程之前先行 ,以預防該工作件104因為該工作件中存在之來自其 前生產製程之餘留應力之緩和所造成之變形。餘留.應 由多種先前生產操作產生,例如喷砂(grit Masting)以 種材料形成製程(例如研磨、成圖、燒結、成型等)。 消除之方法或製程在部件製造及/或生產技藝中是熟 ’並且製程方法係取決於材料類型、所用之形成製程 類型、以及對於工作件變形之容忍度。 參見第4囷,該電子束行進通過該聚焦線圏11〇以及 偏流線圈112a和112b。取決於從控制器200送出, 信號產生器204之信號性質,該電子束1〇2掃瞄過工 104表面之特定部分。這導致複數個形成在該工作件 表面上之特徵500。該等特徵500可以是特定幾何圖 在一實施例中,該工作件1 〇4係相關於該紋理化製程 14 1342582 期間衝擊之電磁束1 04做移動。該工作件可以,例如’以 範圍在約每分鐘1公尺至約每分鐘1.7公尺内之速度相關 於電磁束102移動》在一實施例中,該工作件在暴露於該 電磁束102期間係沿著一或多個旋轉轴旋轉。旋轉軸< 以,例如,與該入射電磁束垂直或平行。因為該工作件之 尺寸或形狀,實體移動或旋轉該工作件可能是不切實際 的,因此可將該電磁束102移動通過該工作件丨〇4以形成 預期紋理。 通常,當該電磁束102係由電子束、離子束或電弧產 生時,會有一電流流至該工作件1〇4。當該電磁束1〇2係 一電子束時,該電流可能在約15至約50毫安培(mA)範圍 内’較佳地15至40毫安培(mA)。該電磉束1〇2所傳遞的 能量可以功率密度來界定,其係傳遞通過該工作件表面之 特定剖面區域之平均功率。在一實施例中,該電磁束1〇2 在該工作件表面該電磁束指向之一點上之平均功率密度可 以是,例如,在约1 〇4瓦/平方公釐至約! 〇5瓦/平方公 釐範圍内。該電磁束1〇2在該工作件表面之一 功率密度可以是,例如 瓦/平方公釐範面内。 τ万公釐至約 該尖峰功率密度可定義為該電磁 在一已知功率設定下於其最大焦點(即可能的最小點尺寸) 處之製程設定。應注意到用來在該工作件表面形成該等特 徵500所需之能量的量可能會根據能量類型的不同而改變 (例如電子束、雷射等),因為吸收或能量轉移至該工作件 之效率。 15 1342582 由該電磁束傳遞至該工作件表面之功率或能量並不預 期導致該工作件之顯著或嚴重的變形(例如融化、臀曲、破 裂等)。該工作件之顯著或嚴重的變形一餃可界定為該工作 件因為該紋理化製程之應用而無法在其預期用途上使用。 導致該工作件顯著變形所需之能量的量取決於用來製造該 工作件之材料、該工作件接近紋理化區域處之厚度及/或 質量、該工作件之形狀(例如平坦、柱狀等)、該工作件内 之餘留應力量、傳遞至該工作件之實際功率、該電磁束通 過該工作件之轉移速度、該工作件表面上之紋理化特徵(特 徵5 00)之密度、及/或該電磁束在該工作件任一點上之停 留時間。在一實施例中,為防止薄工作件或對由該紋理化 製程所?丨發之熱應力敏感之工作件的顯著變形 可完成如 下步称:可增加該電磁束轉移速度、可在通過時間期間使 該電磁束失焦、或者可在通過時間期間降低該電磁束之功 率’以盡力降低傳遞至該工作件上不被用來在該工作件表 面上形成特徵5〇〇之能量。為降低易受變形影響之工作件 之變形(例如幾何平坦的、具有高熱膨脹之材料等),在一 實施例中,該紋理化製程可能需要提供紋理表面予該工作 件之兩面以補償由該紋理化製程在該工作件之一面上所引 發的應力。 在另一個實施例中,基板支撐140内之該加熱元件150 可經調整用來在紋理化製程期間冷卻該工作件1 〇 4,以降 低紋理化製程期間所達到之最大溫度,及/或容許紋理化 之後有一受控制的冷卻速率以防止或減低該工作件之變 16 1342582 形。此實施例中之加熱元件150可以由熱電裝置製成,例 如從密西根州Traverse市TE科技公司(te Technology, Inc.)或新罕不什爾州Nashua市之perr〇tec美國公司 (Ferrotec America Corporation)購得者。在另一個實施例 中’該工作件可以夾在基板支撑 140上,以控制該工作件 之變形並防止該工作件在紋理化期間變形。 一般說來,該電磁束具有根據該工作件組成而異之能 量空間分佈。該電磁束通常具有在可能是,例如,高斯分 佈之中間值附近變動之能量空間分佈。在其他實施例中, 該電磁束可能具有非尚斯分佈》例如,該電磁束可能具有 橫越該電磁束直徑之能量空間分佈,而其橫越該電磁束直 徑基本上是比高斯分佈更為均勻的β在一實施例中,用來 處理奥氏趙鋼之’大約90%至約98%,較佳地約98%之 電墙束能量係包含在約0.4毫米之電磁束直徑内,而其餘 能量係在約0.4毫米之直徑外,但通常在1毫米直徑内。 在一實施例中’該電磁束係利用高速偏流線圈n2a、 112b掃瞄過該工作件表面,但沒有利用聚焦線圈11〇。在 此實施例中,該電磁束在紋理化製程中始終保持聚焦。第 5A圖示出已經紋理化之工作件表面1〇4之概要上視圓。該 電磁束利用高速偏流線圈112a、ii2b經歷第一偏移。高速 偏流線圈112a、112b將該電磁束在多個參考點r附近移 動《該電磁束係在參考點R之間以一第一偏移頻率偏移。 該第一偏移頻率可以在約23至約32赫茲範圍内。一旦該 電磁束來到一參考點附近内,該電磁東便經歷複數次第二 17 1342582 偏移。每一次第二偏移皆使該電磁束被移至一第二參 點,例如’第5A圖_所示之R,。在經歷一特定第一 後,該電磁束即與該工作件104表面作用以在其上形成 徵。該第二偏移頻率可以在约400赫茲至 、特 1 分咕 丁鄉兹範圍 内。在一實施例中,該第二偏移頰率係在約2千赫 w挞至約 4千赫茲範圍内。 該第二偏移可能經空間配置而使該等特徵5〇〇形成一 在參考點R附近之圈案520。第5八圖中所示之該困案 係一線性圖案。當然,其他圓案也是可能的,包含環形、 橢圓形、三角形、星形、具有中心點之環形、除了其他圖 形以外。在每一個參考點R附近之第二偏移數量是可變 的,並且可能,例如,多至約1 〇〇。 在一實施例中,該等特徵5〇〇係經配製成一六角緊密 堆積(HCP)圖案,如在第5C圈中所示者,其可界定為一特 徵500(示為A1)被六個緊密配置之特徵5〇〇(示為八2至A7) 圍繞。該HCP圖案可經重複以形成橫越該工作件表面之特 徵陣列。六角緊密堆積圖案的使用最佳化表面上之特徵 5〇〇密度,以在隨後沈積製裎(後面描述)中使用該紋理化 工作件104期間促進在該工作件1〇4表面上所沈積材料之 附著力。紋理密度可以界定並測量為一平方公分之工作件 104表面區域内之特徵5〇〇數量。紋理密度可根據工作件 枒料、隨後製程中沈積之材料類型、電磁束之入射角度、 :及各特徵5〇〇之尺寸和間隔而改變,但通常介於每平方 "'今約1和約300個特徵之間,並且較佳地介於每平方公 18 1342582 分約20和約26〇個特徵之間。例如,用於鈦沈積製 程中之由鈦製成之部件編號0020-46649,由加州勝塔克拉 拉之應用材钭公司購得,橫越該紋理化表面每平方公分可 能含有介於约200和約260個特徵之間。在又另一個實施 例中’用於pVD钽或氮化鈕沈積製程中之由鋁製成之應用 材料公司部件編號0020-4443 8,橫越該紋理化表面每平方 公分可能含有介於約3 〇和約5 0個特徵之間。 第5B圏示出已經紋理化之工作件1〇4表面之近距離 上視圖。該電磁束102具有一電磁束直徑5〇4。該電磁束 直徑504在電磁束1 〇2接觸該工作件104表面之一點處之 直徑可能是約〇·4毫米至約丨毫米,並且較佳地直徑約〇 4 毫米。該電磁束聚焦在該工作件1〇4表面之區域5〇2上, 並且在區域502上保持聚焦一段稱為停留時間的時間。在 該停留時間期間,該電磁束與該工作件104表面之區域502 反應而在其上形成特徵。 如在第5Β圖中所示者,如此形成之特徵可能具有與 〜電磁束1〇2接觸該工作件丨表面之該點處之電磁束直 從5〇4基本上相同尺寸的直徑5〇6。 般說來,該電磁束之停留時間可以在約〇丨毫秒至 約2毫秒範圍内。每—次第二偏移間所經過的通過時間可 能約1微秒至約50微秒。發明人發現當在例如奧氏體鋼之 材料上運用如此短暫之通過時間時,就不需要在從一個特 徵轉移至下一個期間讓該電磁束失焦或降低功帛。只在該 電磁束通過時間期間暴露於該電磁束之表面不會明顯融 19 1342582 旦 化,因此特徵只形成在該電磁束停留的那些區域中。 __ 停留時間過了,該電磁束102便被偏移至工作件1〇4表面 上之另一個區域,例如區域510。在一實施例中,該停留 時間可以降至低於1微秒,例如約〇 · 1微秒,及/或該通 過時間可以降至低於1微秒,以防止該工作件因為幾何薄 形或該等特徵5 00安置處之工作件的脆弱區域而變形。 在另一個實施例中’該聚焦線圈110將該電磁束1〇2 快速移進和移出焦點,以降低通過時間期間衝擊該工作件 104表面之電磁束功率。以此方式,傳遞至該工作件 表面之能量可嚴密控制。與上述方法類似,複數個特徵 即經形成在工作件1〇4表面上。 該等複數個特徵5〇〇可以是凹陷(depressions)、突起 (ΡΓ —⑽⑴)、或其組合。該等複數個特徵500可經配製 成基本上在特徵5〇〇間具有一致間隔5〇8之圖案。雖然第 5A、5B、和5C圖示出不連續特徵_之圏案。但特徵500 可以接觸重疊、或彼此合併。重;夕 . 第50圖中示出。在另二例在 500之陣列以在該工决从士 ^ ^ 作件表面上形成溝槽或紋路,進而促進 所沈積薄膜之附著为。 第6圖不出已經與例如具有電磁 102之電磁束接鳊夕域末The stress caused by the process, or the residual stress in the work piece. Figure 3F depicts a series of method steps 3, as in Figure 3A, but with the addition - step 312' where the texturing process is chemically cleaned after the texturing process is completed in step 31 to reduce or prevent contamination Advance to the future process and promote the adhesion of the second material to the work piece. In other embodiments of the invention, step 312 may also be added to other method steps 300 as described in Figures 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E to reduce or prevent contamination effects that the work piece will be used. The future process and promote the adhesion of the second material to the work piece. The workpiece typically contains a metal such as a metal or metal alloy, a terracotta material, a polymeric material, a composite, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the workpiece contains metal selected from the group consisting of steel, non-recorded steel, button, town, titanium, copper, aluminum, nickel, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, tantalum oxide, tantalum carbide, sapphire (Ah). 〇 3), and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the workpiece comprises a metal alloy, such as an austenitic type stainless steel, an iron-nickel-chromium alloy (such as Inconel® alloy), a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy (such as Hastelloy®), a copper-zinc alloy, and chromium. Copper alloy (e.g., 5% or 1% chromium with balanced copper), or the like. In another embodiment, the workpiece contains quartz. The working piece may also contain a polymer such as P〇lyimide (Vespel®), polyetheretherketone (p〇iyEtherEtherKetone), 10 1342582 polyarylate (Ardel@), and the like. . Referring to step 306, reaction chamber 114 and column 120 are evacuated to a pressure in the range of from about 1 X 1 〇 -3 to i χ 1 〇 -5 Torr. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic beam 102 is formed by heating a cathode ι 6 using a resistive heater (not shown) and applying a current to the cathode using a power source (not shown). Electrons are detached from the cathode and accumulated in the biasing cap 116. A negative high voltage potential, referred to as an accelerating power, is applied to the cathode via cable 122 relative to the anode 1 , and a second negative potential, typically less than the accelerating voltage, is applied to the deflector. The accelerating voltage can range from about 5 〇 to about 16 〇 kV. The second potential is used to control the intensity of the electron beam delivered to the workpiece 1〇4. Electrons move through the vias 118 in the anode and begin to shift. A fast focus coil 11 located below the anode 180 focuses the electron beam into a narrow diameter of the workpiece 104, and the high speed bias coils 112 & 112b magnetically deflect the electron beam to the surface of the workpiece 1〇4 In a specific location. Current is applied to the fast focus coil 丨丨〇 and the high speed bias coils 112a, 11b to generate sufficient magnetic flux to manipulate the electron beam 〇2. After passing through the fast focus coil H0 and the high speed bias coils n2a, U2b, the electron beam is supplied to the surface of the workpiece as shown in step 3〇8 of Fig. 3. The distance between the upper surface of the reaction chamber U4 and the workpiece 1〇4 is the working distance of the electron beam. In one embodiment, the working distance is from about 50 mm to about 1000 mm, preferably from about 2 mm to about 35 mm. Referring to Fig. 2, a microprocessor controller 2 is preferably coupled to the poly 11 1342582 focal coil 110 and the high speed biasing coils 112a, 112b. The microprocessor controller 200 can be any type of general purpose computer processor (CPU) that can be used in industrial settings to control various types of reaction chambers and sub-processors. The computer can use any suitable memory, such as random access memory, read only memory, floppy disk, hard disk, or any other type of digital storage, local or remote. Various support circuits (supp〇rt circuits) can be connected to the CPU to support the processor in a conventional manner. The desired software routine can be stored in memory or by a second CPU located remotely. The software program strokes execute the software routine after the workpiece 104 is placed in the reaction chamber n4. When executed, the general purpose computer is converted into a specific process computer that can control the operation of the reaction chamber, so the reaction chamber process That is executed. Alternatively, the process of the present invention can be performed in hardware as a special application integrated circuit or other type of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Referring again to Figure 2, a set of instructions is typically encoded on a computer readable medium provided to controller 200. The control signals generated by the execution of the instructions are communicated from the controller 200 through the one or more signal generators 204 to the fast focus coil 110 and the high speed bias coils 112a, 112b. In the embodiment, the instructions are communicated through five signal generators 204. One of the five signal generators is used for fast focus. Two signal generators are used to make the first beam offset, and two signal generators are used as the second beam offset. The signal generators are accompanied by corresponding power amplifiers (not shown). The instructions generally cause the fast focus coil Π〇 and 12 1342582 high speed bias lines 圏n2a, 112b to manipulate the electromagnetic beam 1〇2 by moving the electromagnetic beam to a particular location on the surface of the workpiece to The work piece 104 creates a specific round, spacing, and characteristic properties on the surface. The signal generators are capable of generating signal waveforms of a plurality of frequencies. This allows the position and focus diameter of the electron beam 104 to be quickly adjusted to be a signal from the controller, and features can be snapped onto the surface of the workpiece. The signal controllers 204 are preferably coupled to - or a plurality of power amplifiers, power supplies, etc. (not shown) to facilitate signals at the controller 2 and the focus coil 11A and the high speed bias coil U2a, Communicated between u2b. As shown in step 310 of Figure 3, the electromagnetic beam 1〇2 is scanned through the workpiece! 04 surface. The workpiece 1〇4 can be heated to a preheating temperature before the electromagnetic beam is scanned across the surface of the workpiece 1〇4. This preheating temperature usually depends on the material used to make the workpiece 1〇4. For example, the workpiece 104 can be heated below the workpiece 丨〇4 to begin melting the preheat temperature that undergoes a change in physical state or undergoes a substantially decomposed temperature. The workpiece 丨〇4 can be heated by the heating element #15〇 shown in the figure 帛1. The workpiece can also be heated by scanning the member with the electron beam prior to providing the surface texture to the workpiece. This first scanning step can be performed by rapidly transferring the electron beam on the surface by heating the morphology of the region on which the texturing process is performed. In one embodiment, the electron beam, or other source of energy, process parameters, such as focal length and process power, are variable during the process of preheating the workpiece. The process parameters used during the preheating process may depend on the expected preheat temperature, the speed at which the electron beam is transferred through the surface of the workpiece, and/or the material of the workpiece that is preheated prior to texturing. 13 1342582 The system should not be limited to the amount of time and the high-speed passing of the workpiece 104 in an embodiment, before performing the texturing process. Preheating the workpiece can be accomplished by the use of an energy source 181 disposed in the counter 114 proximate the workpiece 1〇4, which delivers certain types of energy workpieces 104. Examples of typical energy sources well known in the art include, but are, radiant heat lamps, inductive heaters or infrared type electric resistance heaters. In the configuration, the energy source is "turned on" and maintained for a certain period of time or until the workpiece reaches the temperature before starting the physical and chemical process (steps 3 and 7). In another embodiment, the workpiece 1〇4 can be preheated to outside of 114' and then moved into the chamber prior to the texturing process (completed before step 304). A stress relief process can also be performed prior to the preheating and texturing process to prevent deformation of the workpiece 104 due to the relaxation of residual stresses from the prior manufacturing process present in the workpiece. Remaining. It should be produced by a variety of previous production operations, such as grit Masting, which is formed into a process (eg, grinding, patterning, sintering, forming, etc.). The method or process of elimination is familiar in the manufacturing and/or manufacturing of parts and the process method depends on the type of material, the type of process used, and the tolerance to deformation of the workpiece. Referring to Fig. 4, the electron beam travels through the focus line 圏11〇 and the bias coils 112a and 112b. Depending on the signal nature of the signal generator 204 sent from the controller 200, the electron beam 1〇2 scans a particular portion of the surface of the 104. This results in a plurality of features 500 formed on the surface of the workpiece. The features 500 can be a particular geometrical pattern. In one embodiment, the workpiece 1 〇 4 is moved relative to the impacted electromagnetic beam 104 during the texturing process 14 1342582. The workpiece may, for example, be associated with movement of the electromagnetic beam 102 at a speed ranging from about 1 meter per minute to about 1.7 meters per minute. In one embodiment, the workpiece is exposed to the electromagnetic beam 102 during exposure to the electromagnetic beam 102. Rotates along one or more axes of rotation. The axis of rotation < is, for example, perpendicular or parallel to the incident electromagnetic beam. Because of the size or shape of the work piece, it may be impractical for the entity to move or rotate the work piece so that the electromagnetic beam 102 can be moved through the work piece 4 to form the desired texture. Generally, when the electromagnetic beam 102 is generated by an electron beam, an ion beam or an electric arc, a current flows to the workpiece 1〇4. When the electromagnetic beam 1 〇 2 is an electron beam, the current may range from about 15 to about 50 milliamperes (mA), preferably 15 to 40 milliamperes (mA). The energy delivered by the bundle 〇2 can be defined by the power density, which is the average power delivered through a particular cross-sectional area of the surface of the workpiece. In one embodiment, the average power density of the electromagnetic beam 1 〇 2 at a point on the surface of the workpiece that the electromagnetic beam is directed to may be, for example, about 1 〇 4 watts/cm 2 to about! 〇 5 watts / square metre. The electromagnetic beam 1 〇 2 may have a power density at one of the surfaces of the workpiece, e.g., watts per square millimeter. τ 10,000 to approximately The peak power density can be defined as the process setting at which the electromagnetic is at its maximum focus (ie, the smallest possible point size) at a known power setting. It should be noted that the amount of energy required to form the features 500 on the surface of the workpiece may vary depending on the type of energy (e.g., electron beam, laser, etc.) because absorption or energy transfer to the workpiece effectiveness. 15 1342582 The power or energy delivered by the electromagnetic beam to the surface of the workpiece is not expected to result in significant or severe deformation (e.g., melting, hipping, cracking, etc.) of the workpiece. A significant or severe deformation of the work piece can be defined as the work piece being unable to be used for its intended use due to the application of the texturing process. The amount of energy required to cause significant deformation of the workpiece depends on the material used to make the workpiece, the thickness and/or mass of the workpiece near the textured region, the shape of the workpiece (eg, flat, column, etc.) The amount of residual stress in the workpiece, the actual power delivered to the workpiece, the transfer speed of the electromagnetic beam through the workpiece, the density of the textured features on the surface of the workpiece (feature 500), and / or the residence time of the electromagnetic beam at any point of the workpiece. In an embodiment, to prevent thin work pieces or pairs from the texturing process? Significant deformation of the thermal stress sensitive work piece of the burst can be accomplished by increasing the transfer speed of the electromagnetic beam, defocusing the electromagnetic beam during the transit time, or reducing the power of the electromagnetic beam during the transit time 'To minimize the energy transferred to the workpiece that is not used to form features on the surface of the workpiece. To reduce deformation of the workpiece susceptible to deformation (eg, geometrically flat material with high thermal expansion, etc.), in one embodiment, the texturing process may require providing a textured surface to both sides of the workpiece to compensate for The stress caused by the texturing process on one side of the workpiece. In another embodiment, the heating element 150 within the substrate support 140 can be adjusted to cool the workpiece 1 〇 4 during the texturing process to reduce the maximum temperature reached during the texturing process, and/or to allow There is a controlled cooling rate after texturing to prevent or reduce the variation of the workpiece 16 1342582. The heating element 150 in this embodiment can be made of a thermoelectric device, such as from Ter Technology, Inc. of Traverse, Michigan, or Perr〇tec USA, Nashua, New Hampshire (Ferrotec America) Corporation) purchaser. In another embodiment, the workpiece can be clamped to the substrate support 140 to control deformation of the workpiece and prevent deformation of the workpiece during texturing. In general, the electromagnetic beam has a spatial distribution of energy that varies depending on the composition of the workpiece. The electromagnetic beam typically has an energy spatial distribution that varies around an intermediate value that may be, for example, a Gaussian distribution. In other embodiments, the electromagnetic beam may have a non-尚斯 distribution. For example, the electromagnetic beam may have an energy spatial distribution across the diameter of the electromagnetic beam, and its diameter across the electromagnetic beam is substantially more than a Gaussian distribution. Uniform β In one embodiment, about 90% to about 98%, preferably about 98% of the wall energy of the Austenite steel is contained within a beam diameter of about 0.4 mm, while the remaining energy It is outside the diameter of about 0.4 mm, but is usually within 1 mm diameter. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic beam is scanned across the surface of the workpiece by high speed biasing coils n2a, 112b, but without the use of focus coil 11 〇. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic beam remains focused throughout the texturing process. Fig. 5A shows a schematic top view circle of the workpiece surface 1〇4 that has been textured. The electromagnetic beam experiences a first offset using high speed biasing coils 112a, ii2b. The high speed bias coils 112a, 112b move the electromagnetic beam near a plurality of reference points r "the electromagnetic beam is offset between the reference points R by a first offset frequency. The first offset frequency can range from about 23 to about 32 Hertz. Once the electromagnetic beam comes into the vicinity of a reference point, the electromagnetic east undergoes a plurality of second 17 1342582 offsets. Each second offset causes the electromagnetic beam to be moved to a second point, such as R shown in Figure 5A. After undergoing a particular first, the electromagnetic beam acts on the surface of the workpiece 104 to form thereon. The second offset frequency may be in the range of about 400 Hz to 1 Å. In one embodiment, the second offset cheek rate is in the range of from about 2 kHz to about 4 kilohertz. The second offset may be spatially configured such that the features 5〇〇 form a circle 520 near the reference point R. The sleepy case shown in Fig. 5 is a linear pattern. Of course, other round cases are also possible, including rings, ovals, triangles, stars, rings with a center point, and other shapes. The second offset number near each reference point R is variable and may, for example, be up to about 1 〇〇. In one embodiment, the features 5 are formulated into a hexagonal close packed (HCP) pattern, as shown in the 5th C-circle, which may be defined as a feature 500 (shown as A1) The six closely-configured features are surrounded by 5〇〇 (shown as eight 2 to A7). The HCP pattern can be repeated to form a feature array across the surface of the workpiece. The use of a hexagonal close-packed pattern optimizes the feature 5 〇〇 density on the surface to facilitate deposition of material on the surface of the workpiece 1〇4 during use of the texturing workpiece 104 in a subsequent deposition process (described later). Adhesion. The texture density can be defined and measured as a number of features within a surface area of a square centimeter of work piece 104. The texture density can vary depending on the workpiece material, the type of material deposited in the subsequent process, the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic beam, and the size and spacing of each feature, but usually between about 1 per square. Between about 300 features, and preferably between about 18 1342582 points per square meter and about 20 and about 26 features. For example, part number 0020-46649 made of titanium for use in a titanium deposition process, available from Applied Materials, Inc., of Santa Clara, Calif., may have a spacing of about 200 per square centimeter across the textured surface. Between about 260 features. In yet another embodiment, the Applied Material Company part number 0020-4443 8 made of aluminum for use in a pVD crucible or nitride button deposition process may span between about 3 per square centimeter of the textured surface. Between the 〇 and about 50 features. Figure 5B shows a close up top view of the surface of the workpiece 1 〇4 that has been textured. The electromagnetic beam 102 has an electromagnetic beam diameter of 5 〇4. The diameter of the electromagnetic beam diameter 504 at a point where the electromagnetic beam 1 〇 2 contacts the surface of the workpiece 104 may be about 〇 4 mm to about 丨 mm, and preferably about 〇 4 mm in diameter. The electromagnetic beam is focused on the area 5〇2 of the surface of the workpiece 1〇4 and remains focused on the area 502 for a period of time called dwell time. During this dwell time, the electromagnetic beam reacts with a region 502 of the surface of the workpiece 104 to form features thereon. As shown in Fig. 5, the feature thus formed may have a diameter of 5 〇 6 which is substantially the same size as the electromagnetic beam at the point where the electromagnetic beam 1 〇 2 is in contact with the surface of the workpiece 直 2 from the 〇 4 . In general, the residence time of the electromagnetic beam can range from about 〇丨 milliseconds to about 2 milliseconds. The transit time elapsed between each second offset may be from about 1 microsecond to about 50 microseconds. The inventors have found that when such a short transit time is applied to a material such as austenitic steel, there is no need to defocus or reduce the power of the electromagnetic beam from one characteristic to the next. Only the surface exposed to the electromagnetic beam during the electromagnetic beam transit time does not significantly melt, so the features are only formed in those areas where the electromagnetic beam stays. __ After the dwell time has elapsed, the electromagnetic beam 102 is deflected to another area on the surface of the workpiece 1〇4, such as region 510. In an embodiment, the dwell time may be reduced to less than 1 microsecond, such as about 1 microsecond, and/or the transit time may be reduced to less than 1 microsecond to prevent the workpiece from being thin due to geometry. Or deformed by the fragile area of the work piece at the 500's location. In another embodiment, the focus coil 110 rapidly moves the electromagnetic beam 1〇2 into and out of focus to reduce the electromagnetic beam power that strikes the surface of the workpiece 104 during the transit time. In this way, the energy delivered to the surface of the workpiece can be tightly controlled. Similar to the above method, a plurality of features are formed on the surface of the workpiece 1〇4. The plurality of features 5 〇〇 may be depressions, protrusions (ΡΓ - (10) (1)), or a combination thereof. The plurality of features 500 can be formulated to have a pattern of substantially spaced 5〇8 between features 5〇〇. Although 5A, 5B, and 5C illustrate the case of discontinuous features. However, feature 500 can be overlapped or merged with each other. Heavy; eve. Figure 50 shows. In the other two cases, an array of 500 is used to form grooves or lines on the surface of the workpiece, thereby promoting the adhesion of the deposited film. Figure 6 does not show that it has been connected to an electromagnetic beam such as electromagnetic 102.
作件1 0 4表面之一實施例概 面圖》如所示,钕啻讲土 男她1〗夂概要0J 汐入射角俜界+〆 束102以入射角610衝擊該表面。 該入射角係界疋為與該工料1〇4 和與電磁束1〇2平仵* “ 坩且炙耵猓010a 十订之射線610b間之角度。入射角可以在 20 1342582 約-45度至約45 句話說,入射角·: 特徵500通常包 電磁束1 02後形 由於觀察線 紋理化製程期間 之該電磁束之偏 期的效果。該電 並且較佳地防止 管柱1 20内之^其_ 雖然發明人 何具體解釋下, 料係經加熱至一 104之材料的沸 向外喷射出。立 602 ’並且也在 604 ° 該凹陷602 有一深度6 1 2, 凹陷602之底部 英付範固内。該 範圍内之表面直 英时間。該凹陷 面622上兩點間 度範圍内’較佳地約_30度至約3〇度。換 丁在相關於射線61〇a測量到之約45度内。 含凹陷602,並且突起6〇4係在暴露於 成。 遮蔽管柱120令之各種硬體構件可檔開在 從該表面脫離之材料,故在入射角61〇處 移也具有改進硬體生命期或該硬體維修週 磁束關於該管柱12〇之偏移可以最小化, 離子從管柱往上移動並傷害到陰極106和 他構件。 不希望受限在這些特徵5〇〇形成背後之任 但咸信該工作件1〇4表面上以及内部之材 网服在某些情況下高於組成該工作件 點。該工作件部分之快速加熱導致材料被 t在該材料被喷射出的位置上形成凹陷 該嘴射出之材料沈積的位置上形成突起 被描繪為具有一表面622»該凹陷602具 界定為從該工作件丨04之上表面620至該 ‘的垂直距離,在約0001英吋至約〇〇6〇 凹陷具有在約0.005英吋至約0100英吋 輕 614 ’但較佳地介於約0.008至約0.089 具有一内徑616。該内徑616係界定為表 之最大距離’與該工作件1〇4之上表面62〇 21 1342582 成凹陷或突起,或改變 本發明範圍中。此外, 、表面直徑、和内徑。 狀和高度及與該工作件 凹陷可以接觸、重昼、 例中,突起間或凹陷間 平行。在一實施例中,該凹陷具有比該表面直 内徑616。在另一個實施例中,該凹陷具有比 6 1 4小之内徑6 1 6。在—實施例中,突起6〇4具琴 英叶至約0.060英吋範圍内之高度618,並且 0.0 02至約0.04 6英吋間。形成在-鋁工作件内 之尺寸範圍之一實例,應用材料公司 0020-44438,係介於約〇 〇29和約〇 089英叶 徑6 1 4、介於約〇. 〇丨7和約〇 〇46英吋間之高 〇_〇23至約0.036英吋間之深度612。在形成於 内之特徵500之典型尺寸範圍之另一個實例令 0020-46649,係介於約〇〇12和約〇〇31英吋 徑614、介於約〇.0〇2和約〇 〇〇4英吋間之高 0.0 06至約〇·〇ΐ 1英吋間之深度61 2。 雖然第6圖示出特徵之具體紋理,包含一 兩個凸起 604,但只形 之比例和組合皆包含在 能具有不同形狀、深度 等突起可能具有不同形 接觸角度。該等突起和 或彼此分開。在一實施 於約0.0 2英对。 在一實施例中,該雷 茨電磁束可在該電磁束停 做微量偏移以在該工作杜志; 作件表面上形成非投射電 形狀之特徵。由該 末在停留時間期間之偏 徑614大之 該表面直徑 「在約0.0 0 2 較佳地介於 之特徵500 部件編號 間之表面直 度、以及約 一欽工作件 ’部件編號 Μ之·表面直 度、以及約 凹陷602和 凹陷和突起 該等凹陷可 類似地,該 表面之不同 或彼此合併 之間距係低 留時間期間 磁束之固定 移所產生的 22 1342582 預期形狀包含,例如,星形、橢圓形、菱形、三角形 形、五角形六角形、或其他多邊形。 在一實施例中’在以電磁束102做表面紋理化處 利用一束硬微粒喷射(「噴砂」)該工作件1〇4。該等 粒可以包含’例如,氡化鋁、石榴石、碳化矽、或氧化 並且可以有約24至約80粒度(grit)(約535微米至約 微米)之微粒尺寸。通常該「噴砂」製程係在介於約5 70 psi之壓送壓力下完成。該等硬微粒可從一喷嘴喷 並且可以乾燥的或做為水狀研聚紐_成的一部份喷出。 說來’噴砂處理在該工作件1 〇4表面上引發比利用電 102所產生之粗棱度佳之粗糙度。嗜砂處理也去除由 理化製程形成之任何鬆散附著之材料,例如突起。由 處理形成之粗糙度增加該紋理化構件之保持力及附著 當材料沈積於時上時。此外,喷砂可用來在使用之後 該等構件。喷砂處理去除沈積在該構件上之材料並回 沈積製程前起初提供給該構件之表面狀態。 在另一個實施例中,該工作件1〇4在表面紋理化 後經受化學粗糙。化學粗糙一詞應該被廣義解釋並 含,但不限於,化學蝕刻該構件表面、電化學蝕刻該 表面、或其組合。該化學粗糙製程,如上述之喷砂製 般,係用來形成可幫助促進沈積膜對該工作件104之 力之粗糙表面。化學粗糙該工作件104表面之方法取 製造該工作件之材料,並且熟知化學清潔、金相學和 研磨等技藝人士應熟知並瞭解。化學蝕刻一詞意欲廣 、矩 理後 硬微 梦* 1 92 至約 出, 一般 磁束 該紋 噴砂 性, 清潔 復在 製程 且包 構件 程一 附著 決於 化學 泛描 23 1342582 述’但不限於,藉由化學活動的使用將材料從工作件表面 去除之製程。可用之典型化學品之實例可能是水狀酸性溶 液、含有例如硫酸(H2S04)、硝酸(HN〇3)、鹽酸(HC1)或其 組合物之酸,或水狀鹼性溶液,含有例如氫氧化鉀(K〇H)、 氫氧化氨(NH4〇H)或其組合物之化學品。在另一個實施例 中’化學蝕刻該工作件表面之製程也可以藉由乾式蝕刻(電 漿蝕刻)製程的使用來完成。乾式蝕刻通常是一種產生電漿 以加壓或分解與材料反應並且最終將材料從該工作件表面 去除之反應性氣體物種之製程。電化學蝕刻一詞意欲廣泛 描述’但不限於’藉由應用陽極偏壓至相關於扮演陰極角 色並且也浸入一電解液中之另一個元件之工作件上來將材 料從工作件表面去除之製程。可適用而受惠於本發明之電 化學蝕刻製程之一實例在2001年7月27日提出申請,題 目為「電化學粗糙鋁半導體製程設備表面」之專利申請案 第09/91 8,683號(代理人編號第543 1號)中敘述,其在此藉 由引用至不與此間之申請專利範圍、觀點和敘述不一致的 程度下併入本文中°An overview of one of the surfaces of the workpiece 104 is shown in the figure. As shown in the figure, the 男 男 男 男 她 她 夂 夂 夂 夂 夂 夂 0 0 0 0 0 〆 〆 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 610 610 610 The incident angle system 疋 is an angle between the workpiece 1〇4 and the electromagnetic beam 1〇2 “* 坩 and 炙耵猓010a ten-set ray 610b. The incident angle can be about -45 degrees from 20 1342582 to In about 45 words, the angle of incidence:: feature 500 typically encloses the effect of the electromagnetic beam during the observation of the beam due to the deflection of the electromagnetic beam during the texturing process. This electricity and preferably prevents the inside of the column 1 20 _ Although the inventor specifically explained, the material is ejected outward by boiling of a material heated to 104. The vertical 602 ' is also at 604 °. The recess 602 has a depth of 6 1 2, and the bottom of the recess 602 is Ying Fufan. The inner surface of the range is in the range of two points on the concave surface 622, preferably about _30 degrees to about 3 degrees. The change is measured in relation to the ray 61〇a. Within about 45 degrees, there is a recess 602, and the protrusions 6〇4 are exposed to the body. The shielding column 120 allows the various hardware members to be disengaged from the material that is detached from the surface, so that the incident angle 61〇 is also moved. Having an improved hardware lifetime or the offset of the magnetic beam about the column 12 Smaller, ions move up from the column and damage the cathode 106 and other components. It is not desirable to be limited to the formation of these features, but the letter on the surface of the workpiece 1〇4 and the internal material In some cases higher than the point at which the workpiece is formed. The rapid heating of the workpiece portion causes the material to be formed by the position at which the material is ejected to form a recess that is deposited by the material from which the nozzle is ejected. A surface 622»the recess 602 is defined as a vertical distance from the upper surface 620 of the workpiece 丨04 to the ', from about 0.005 inches to about 0100 inches from about 0001 inches to about 6 inches. Light 614', but preferably between about 0.008 and about 0.089, has an inner diameter 616. The inner diameter 616 is defined as the maximum distance of the table & is recessed or raised with the upper surface 62〇21 1342582 of the workpiece 1〇4 Or, within the scope of the invention, in addition, the surface diameter, and the inner diameter, and the height and the recess of the workpiece may be in contact with, in the case of, or in the case of, between the protrusions or between the depressions. In one embodiment, The depression has a surface Inner diameter 616. In another embodiment, the recess has an inner diameter 161 that is smaller than 614. In an embodiment, the protrusion 6〇4 has a height 618 in the range of about 0.060 inches. And 0.0 02 to about 0.04 6 inches. An example of a size range formed in an aluminum work piece, Applied Materials Inc. 0020-44438, between about 〇〇29 and about 089 089 leaves 6 1 4 Between 〇. 〇丨7 and approximately 46 inches, the height _〇23 to about 0.036 inches between the depths of 612. Another example of a typical size range of feature 500 formed therein is 0020-46649, which is between about 〇〇12 and about 31 inches, 614, between about 〇.0〇2 and about 〇〇〇. The height between 4 miles is 0.0 06 to about 〇·〇ΐ The depth between 1 inch is 61 2. Although Fig. 6 shows a specific texture of the feature, including one or two protrusions 604, the proportions and combinations of only the shapes included in the protrusions having different shapes, depths, and the like may have different contact angles. The protrusions are separated from each other. In one implementation at about 0.0 2 inches. In one embodiment, the Reitz electromagnetic beam can be stopped with a slight offset in the electromagnetic beam to form a non-projective electrical feature on the surface of the workpiece. The surface diameter "larger than the offset 614 during the dwell time" is preferably between about 0.00 2 and preferably between the feature 500 part number, and about one part of the work piece' part number. The surface straightness, and about the depressions 602 and the depressions and protrusions, the depressions may similarly, the difference in the surface or the combination of the distances between the two, the retention of the magnetic beam during the retention time, the resulting shape of the magnetic beam comprising 22 1342582, including, for example, a star , elliptical, rhombic, triangular, pentagonal hexagon, or other polygon. In one embodiment 'using a beam of hard particles ("blasting") at the surface texturing with the electromagnetic beam 102, the workpiece 1〇4 . The particles may comprise, for example, aluminum telluride, garnet, tantalum carbide, or oxidized and may have a particle size of from about 24 to about 80 grit (about 535 microns to about microns). Typically, the "sandblasting" process is carried out at a pressure of about 5 70 psi. The hard particles can be sprayed from a nozzle and can be dried or sprayed as part of a water-like polymer. In other words, the blasting treatment induces a roughness on the surface of the workpiece 1 〇 4 which is better than that of the electricity 102. The sanding treatment also removes any loosely attached material, such as protrusions, formed by the physicochemical process. The roughness formed by the treatment increases the retention and adhesion of the textured member as it deposits on the surface. In addition, sand blasting can be used for these components after use. The blasting treatment removes the material deposited on the member and returns to the surface state initially provided to the member prior to the deposition process. In another embodiment, the workpiece 1〇4 is subjected to chemical roughness after surface texturing. The term chemical roughness should be interpreted broadly and includes, but is not limited to, chemically etching the surface of the member, electrochemically etching the surface, or a combination thereof. The chemically rough process, as described above for sand blasting, is used to form a rough surface that helps promote the deposition of film against the workpiece 104. The method of chemically roughening the surface of the workpiece 104 takes the material from which the workpiece is made, and those skilled in the art of chemical cleaning, metallography, and grinding should be familiar with and understand. The term chemical etching is intended to be broad, and the term is hard and hard dreams* 1 92 to about, the general magnetic beam is blasting, the cleaning is in the process and the component is attached to the chemical composition 23 1342582 'but not limited to A process for removing material from the surface of a workpiece by the use of chemical activities. Examples of typical chemicals that may be used may be aqueous acidic solutions, acids containing, for example, sulfuric acid (H2S04), nitric acid (HN〇3), hydrochloric acid (HC1), or combinations thereof, or aqueous alkaline solutions containing, for example, hydroxide A chemical of potassium (K〇H), ammonium hydroxide (NH4〇H) or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the process of chemically etching the surface of the workpiece can also be accomplished by the use of a dry etch (plasma etch) process. Dry etching is typically a process that produces a plasma to pressurize or decompose a reactive gas species that reacts with the material and ultimately removes material from the surface of the workpiece. The term electrochemical etching is intended to describe broadly, but not limited to, the process of removing material from the surface of a workpiece by applying an anodic bias to a workpiece associated with another element that acts as a cathode and is also immersed in an electrolyte. An application example of an electrochemical etching process that is applicable to the present invention, which was filed on July 27, 2001, entitled "Electrochemical Rough Aluminium Semiconductor Process Equipment Surface" Patent Application No. 09/91 8,683 (Agent) This is incorporated herein by reference to the extent that it is hereby incorporated by reference to the extent of
溘鯉微粒污染之方A 在本發明之另一個實施例中提供一種減輕製程反應室 内之污染之方法。在一實施例中,該方法減輕提供予該製 程反應室之基板之污染。一般說來,該反應室可以是任何 封閉或部分封閉之可能易受凝結在該反應室内表面上或該 反應室内之構件表面上之材料所影饗之反應室。在一實施 24 1342582 例中,該反應室係一基板製程反應室。該反應室可能是適 用於真空處理半導體基板或玻璃面板者。該晶圓處理反應 室可以是,例如’ 一沈積反應室。代表性之沈積反應室包 含濺鍍、物理氣相沈積(PVD)及離子金屬電漿(IMP)反應 室、化學氣相沈積(CVD)反應室、蝕刻反應室、分子束磊 晶(MBE)、原子層沈積(ALD)反應室,除了其他反應室之 外。該反應室也可以是,例如,一蝕刻反應室,例如一電 漿蝕刻反應室。其他適合之製程反應室之實例包含離子植 入反應室、回火反應室及其他爐管反應室。在一較佳實施 例中,該反應室係一基板暴露在一或多種氣相材料下之基 板製程反應室。 第7圖示出一濺鍍反應器700之簡化概要剖面圖,其 中污染可利用在此所述之實施例來減輕。該反應室700含 有一真空反應室716及一具有一上表面736A之基板支撐 736。該基板支撐736可以是’例如,一靜電夾盤。反應器 700進一步含有一保護組合718及一升降系統732» —基板 720(例如—半導體晶圓)係經安置在該基板支撐736之上 表面73 6 A上。在一例示配置中,該基板支撐73 6係連接, 例如利用複數個螺絲,至一習知垂直移動升降系統7 3 2。 省略例如進氣歧管及/或真空幫浦等某些硬體以求清楚。 該例示真空反應室716含有一圓柱狀反應室壁714及 一設置在該反應室壁頂部之支撐環712。該反應室頂部係 利用一具有内表面7〇6A之靶材板706來封閉。該靶材板 706利用一安置在該靶材板706和該支撐環712間之環形 25 1342582 絕緣趙710來與該反應室壁714電絕緣。通常,為確保反 應室716内之真空完整性,會在該絕緣體71〇上方及下方 使用Ο形環(未示出)來提供真空密封。該把材板706可以 由會變成沈積物種之材料製成,或者其可以含有該沈積物 種之塗層。為促進藏鍵製程,一高壓電源供應器702係經 連接至該靶材706。 該基板支樓736將基板720保持並支撐在該反應室 716内。該基板支撐736可能含有一或多個嵌入在一支撐 艘738内之電極734。該等電極係利用來自電源供應器7〇4 之電壓驅動並且,回應電壓的應用,該基板72〇係靜電夾 射在該夾盤之支撐表面。該夾盤體可能含有,例如,陶瓷 材料》 一似壁之圓柱狀保護構件742係經設置在該支撐環 712上。該保護構件742之圆柱形狀是例示說明一與該反 應室及/或基板形狀符合之保護構件,當然,該保護構件 可以是任何形狀。例示部件可能包含可從加州勝塔芭芭拉 應用材料公司獲得之 0020-45544 、 0020-47654 、 0020-BW101、0020-BW3 02、01 90-1 1 82 1、0020-44375、 0020-44438 、 0020-43498 、 0021-JW077 、 0020-19122 、 0 0 2 0 - J W 0 9 6、0 0 2 1 - K S 5 5 6、0 0 2 0 - 4 5 6 9 5 ° 除了該保護構件742外,該保護組合718也含有一具 有一内徑之環狀沈積環730,其係經選擇使該環外圍安設 在該基板邊緣上但不接觸該基板。該遮蔽環係設置在一對 準環728上,並且該對準環728係由一從該基板支撐73 6 26 1342582 延伸出之凸緣(未示出)支撐。此外,其他構件,例如用在 物理氣相沈積(PVD)上之夾鉗環可根據在此所述之製程紋 理化,並用於在此檢視之應用上。例示之環狀遮蔽環及/ 或夾鉗環包含可從加州勝塔芭芭拉應用材料公司獲得之 0020-43171 和 0020-46649 » 在濺鍍沈積製程期間,製程氣體係經供應至該反應 室,並且電源係經供應至靶材板706。該製程氣體係經點 燃成為電漿並且朝向該粗材板706加速。該製程氣艘因此 將微粒從該乾材板逐出,而該等微粒沈積至基板720上, 在其上形成沈積材料塗層。 雖然該保護组合718通常將電漿及濺鍍微粒侷限在一 反應區777内’但不可避免的,濺鍍微粒,起初處於電聚 或氣態下’會凝結在各種反應室内表面上。例如,減鍵微 粒可能凝結在保護組合718之内表面718A上、在乾材板 70 6之内表面70 6A上、在支撐環712之内表面712A上、 在沈積環730之内表面730A上、以及其他反應室内表面 上。此外,其他表面,例如基板支撐736之上表面73 6八 可能在沈積順序期間或之間被污染。 一般說來’「内表面」一詞表示與反應室716間具有介 面之任何表面。反應室構件表示完全或部分容置在一製程 反應室内之任何可分離元件。該反應室構件可以是真空反 應至構件’即置於真空反應室,例如,反應室716,内之 反應室構件。形成在一反應室構件内表面上之凝結物質通 常只有有限的附著力,並且可能從該構件脫離並污染該基 27 1342582 板 720。 為了降低凝結之外來物質從製程反應室構件分離的傾 向,該反應室構件,例如,保護組合718、耙材7〇6、支撐 環712、沈積環730、線圈(未示出)、線圈支撐(未示出)、 沈積準直儀(未示出)、臺座73 8、對準環728、關閉盤(shuer disk)(未示出)或基板支撐736,係經提供予一紋理化反應 室,例如,設備1 〇 〇之工作反應室丨丨4。 現在參見第8圖,一系列之方法步驟8〇〇在步驟8〇2 開始並進行至步鄉804,其中一電磁能量束係經掃瞎過— 或多個反應室構件表面以在其上形成複數個特徵。該等特 徵可以是凹陷、突起、<其組合。如此形成在該反應室構 件表面上之包含凹陷和突起之特徵種類係如先前關於工作 件104所述者。一般說來,步驟8〇4包含在第3a 3b、 3C、3D、3E和3F圖t所描述之方法步驟3〇1至31〇 在另一實施例中,該方法進—步包含在該等特徵5〇〇 藉由該電磁束102形成在該表面上後將該製程構件,或工 作件,表面粗糙化。該等特徵5〇〇形成後粗糙化該工作件 表面之製程,例如「喷砂」或化學粗糙,可以促進沈積材 料對該工作件之附著力,因為表面622和由表面紋理化處 理所形成之突起6 04之表面傾向於較平滑(表面粗糙度(R〇 約64微英吋)。由該紋理化處理所產生之平滑表面被認為 是在紋理化製程期間產生之熔融表面之表面張力作用所導 致。由「噴砂」或化學粗糙化所形成之粗糙化表面是很重 要的’因為存在於沈積材料中之本徵(例如結晶缺陷、疊差 28 1342582 (stacking faults)等)及/或非本徵應力(例如該工作件和該 沈積材料間之溫度差異、熱膨脹失調等)可能導致沈積材料 彆曲及/或斷裂。沈積材料之彆曲或斷裂會產生可能導致 基板720污染之微粒。本發明所增加之表面粗糙化觀點經 由局部機械連接或結合幫助促進沈積材料對於該工作件表 面之附著性》在一實施例中,該反應室構件,或工作件, 表面在步驟804之紋理化處理後進一步藉由以一束硬微粒 (喷/」)嗔射在該構件表面上來粗错化。該硬微粒可能 包含,例如,氧化鋁、石榴石、氧化矽或碳化矽,並且可 能具有約24至約80粒度(grit)之微粒尺寸。通常,該「喷 砂」製程係在介於約5至約7〇 psi之壓送壓力下完成。喷 砂製程部分同時也有去除該紋理化製程遺留下之稍微附著 之材料的效果。 在本發明之另一個實施例中,該製程配套構件(或工作 件)在紋理化製程後進行化學清潔。筆因於滿足半導體生產 裝置良率目標所需之嚴格的潔淨度要求,纟製程期間可能 微粒化、分解、蒸發、或從製程構件上分離之任何材料必 須減到最少、。紋理化製程後可發現之某些類型之污染可能 包含,例由該製程構件材料因為電磁束之局部加熱而 「喷出」之稍微附著之材料、來自處理製程構件之污染、 及/或來自紋理化、喷砂、冑力消除或化學粗糙化反應室 之任何污染。典型之清潔製程可卩,例如,含有腐蝕性蝕 刻/脫脂步鄉、在去離子水令清洗、在酸性或驗性溶液中 钱刻以去除製程構件表面内或其上之污染物、高堡去離子 29 1342582 水清洗、超音波或百萬週波超音波去離 空烤箱或吹氮乾燥等製程步驟。符合半 目標所需之潔淨度要求對於習知超高真 及/或半導體生產之技藝者來說應該是 在一實施例中,該清潔步驟係在所 驟已經完成後才完成,但在將該構件置 内的步称之前。此實施例因此幫助確保 製程反應室内使用該製程構件前去除 中’該清潔製程只在喷砂製程後完成以 遣留下之任何污染物、因為處理所導致 何遺留之喷砂微粒。在又另一個實施例 製程前先清潔該構件是有可能的,只要 潔淨環境中處理,並且在封裝或傳送至 以去離子水清洗即可。 參見步驟806,該一或多個製程構 製程反應室中,例如,濺鍍反應器700 如在步驟808中所示者,在該反應器中 例如在反應器700内之基板720上形成 在步驟8 1 0結束。 雖然上面的討論詳述一種減輕減鍵 方法,但使用一方法來減輕任何數量之 至内之污染係在本發明範圍中。本發明 可在其上凝結之内表面之任何製程反應 於該製程反應室内之可從該反應室移出 子水清洗、以及真 導體生產裝置良率 空(UHV)化學清潔 熟知或瞭解的。 有的紋理化製程步 放於一製程反應室 所有污染物皆在該 。在另一個實施例 去除紋理化製程後 之污染物、以及任 中,在完成紋理化 該製程構件係在一 該製程反應室前先 件然後被安置在一 内之反應室7 1 6。 起始一製程順序, 一濺鍍層。該方法 反應器内之污染的 不同類型製程反應 可應用在含有材料 室。部分或完全位 並置於一紋理化設 30 1342582 備’例如設備100,中之任何構件皆適於運用本發明之 法來處理。 該方法可用來減輕設計用來沈積、蝕刻、加熱、或 調整一工作件、基板、或沈積在其中之層之製程反應室 之污染。在一實施例中,該方法係用來減輕設計用來在 基板上濺鍍沈積一耐火金屬或耐火金屬化合物層,例如 層、氮化鈦層、钽層、鎢層、或氮化钽層之反應室内之 染。在本發明之其他類似實施例中,該紋理化方法可用 減輕一分子束磊晶(MBE)、原子層沈積(ALD)、化學氣相 積(CVD)或乾式蝕刻製程反應室,除了其他之外,内之 染。可能需要紋理化製程之構件一般包含在製程週期期 (沈積或清潔製程期間)會接收某些沈積量,並且沈積膜 有直接或非直接污染該基板之傾向之構件。一非濺鍍反 器中,例如可從加州勝塔芭芭拉應用材料公司購得 MxP+、Super-e或eMax製程系統,需要紋理化之典型 件之實例是該等構件 :0040-41188、0040-41 189 0020-15694 、 0040-45966 ' 0040-44917 ' 0020-17482 0020-07569 、 0020-07570 ' 0020-07571 、 0020-07567 、 及 0020-07568 ° 在另一個實施例中,該一或多個反應室構件在步 808之後從該製程反應室移出,然後去除可能附著在該 紋理化表面上之凝結外來物質之製程被起始。 去除凝結之外來物質可藉由以一束映微粒喷射在該 或多個製程反應室構件表面來完成。該硬微粒可能包含 方 者 内 鈇 污 來 沈 污 間 具 應 之 構 以 驟 經 31 1342582 例如,氧化銘 約24至約80 外來物質但基 和突起)。 在另一個 製程反應室構 液體處理可能 過猛酸鉀 '氫 酸、逢酸、及 運用化學 射。或者,也 之其他方法。 間形成之凹陷 反應室,並再3 在本發明 例如,電弧銲 用來在該工作 工作件上添加 之附著力,該 無氧)環境中、 時完成。因此 工作件之附著 在第3A至3F 雖然包含 、石梅石、氧化梦或破化發,並且可以具有 粒度之微粒尺寸。較佳地,該喷射足以去除 本上不會調整該構件表面上之紋理(即,凹陷 實施例中,一化學液體係經應用至一或多個 件表面以去除其上凝結之外來物質。該化學 包含,例如,以例如脫脂組成、氫氧化鈉、 氧化鉀、氫氧化銨、過氧化氫、硝酸、氩氟 其組合物等之化學品浸泡或噴射該表面。 液體之處理可以加入或取代利用硬微粒之噴 可以探討從該經紋理化表面上去除外來物質 較佳地,該化學處理不會降低紋理化製程期 之微粗糙度。以此方式,該構件可以置回該 I提供凝結在該表面上之物質強化的附著力。 之一實施例中,紋理化製程可能必須利用, 、金屬惰性氣體(MIG)銲、分子束磊晶或可 件表面形成突起之其他相似製程之製程在該 一種具有類似組成之材料。為確保添加材料 製程可忐需要在真空反應室中、非氧化(例如 及/或該工作件被加熱至接近該材料之熔點 添加該材料以形成突起係意欲促進沈積膜對 力。構想到此實施例可以取代或添加至分別 圖和第8圖中所述之製程步称31〇和8〇4中。 本發明教示之幾個較佳實施例已經示出並詳 32 1342582 細敘述,但熟知技藝者可以輕易的設計出仍然包含在這些 教示中之許多其他不同之實施例。 【圖式簡單說明】 因此可以詳細瞭解成就上述之本發明特徵、優勢及目 的之方式,即對本發明更具體的描述,簡短地在前面概述 過,可以藉由參考在所附圖式中闡明之實施例來得到。 第1圖示出可用來實施在此所述之實施例之表面紋理 化設備之概要剖面圖; 第2圖示出一控制系統之概要剖面視圖,其可連結至 表面紋理化設備以實施在此所述之實施例; 第3A圖示出可用來調整材料表面之利用在此所述之 實施例之一系列方法步驟; 第3B圖示出可用來調整材料表面之利用在此所述之 實施例之一系列方法步驟; 第3C圖示出可用來調整材料表面之利用在此所述之 實施例之一系列方法步驟; 第3D圖示出可用來調整材料表面之利用在此所述之 實施例之一系列方法步驟; 第3E圖示出可用來調整材料表面之利用在此所述之 實施例之一系列方法步驟; 第3F圖示出可用來調整材料表面之利用在此所述之 實施例之一系列方法步驟; 第4圖示出電子束依序接觸工作件之各部分以調整其 表面之概要圖; 33 1342582 第5A圖示出ρτ 已利用在此所述之實施例 件表面之概要上視圖; 第5Β圖示出笫ςΑ m A圊之工作件表面及其上 離上視圖; 第5C圖示出 其上含有六角緊密堆積之特徵陣 作件表面之近距離上視圖; 第5 D圖示出| l A 田具上含有重疊之特徵陣列之工作 之近距離上視圓; 千表 第6圖示出根據在此所述之-實施例形成在 面上之特徵之概要剖面圊; 第7圖示出可利用在此所述之實施例來降低其中 染之滅链反應器之概要剖面圖;以及 第8圖示出可用來降低製程反應室内之污染 、〜彳J用 此所述之實施例之一系列方法步驟。 紋理化 之 特徵之近 列之 工作件 之 作 距 工 面 表 污 在 【元件代表符號簡單說明】 100 表面紋理化設備 102 電磁束 104 工作件 106 陰極 108 陽極 110 快速聚焦線圈 112A 、112B 偏流線圈 114 工作反應室 114t 上表面 116 偏壓蓋 11 8 通孔 120 管柱 122 電纜 124 幫浦 126 閥 128、 132 隔離閥 34 1342582 130 真空幫浦 140 基板支撐 142 促動裝置 150 加熱元件 181 能量源 200 微處理控制器 204 信號產生器 500 特徵 502、 510 區域 504、 606 電磁束直 506 直徑 508 間隔 520 圖案 602 凹陷 604 突起 610 入射角 610a 、610b 射線 612 深度 614 表面直徑 616 内徑 618 而度 620 上表面 622 表面 700 藏鍵反應器 702、 704 電源供應器 706 乾材板 706A 、712A、718A、730A 内表面 710 絕緣體 712 支撐環 714 反應室壁 716 真空反應室. 718 保護組合 720 基板 728 對準環 730 沈積環 732 升降系統 734 電極 736 基板支撐 736A 上表面 738 支撐體 742 保護構件 777 反應區 35The particle contamination side A provides a method of reducing contamination in the process chamber in another embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, the method mitigates contamination of the substrate provided to the process chamber. In general, the reaction chamber can be any closed or partially closed reaction chamber that may be susceptible to contamination by materials condensing on the surface of the reaction chamber or on the surface of the components within the reaction chamber. In one embodiment 24 1342582, the reaction chamber is a substrate processing chamber. The reaction chamber may be suitable for vacuum processing of semiconductor substrates or glass panels. The wafer processing chamber can be, for example, a deposition reaction chamber. Representative deposition chambers include sputtering, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and ionic metal plasma (IMP) chambers, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers, etching chambers, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), Atomic layer deposition (ALD) reaction chambers, with the exception of other reaction chambers. The reaction chamber can also be, for example, an etch chamber, such as a plasma etch chamber. Examples of other suitable process chambers include ion implantation reaction chambers, tempering reaction chambers, and other furnace reaction chambers. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction chamber is a substrate processing chamber exposed to one or more vapor phase materials. Figure 7 shows a simplified schematic cross-sectional view of a sputtering reactor 700 in which contamination can be mitigated using the embodiments described herein. The reaction chamber 700 includes a vacuum reaction chamber 716 and a substrate support 736 having an upper surface 736A. The substrate support 736 can be, for example, an electrostatic chuck. The reactor 700 further includes a protective combination 718 and a lifting system 732» - a substrate 720 (e.g., a semiconductor wafer) is disposed on the upper surface 73 6 A of the substrate support 736. In an exemplary configuration, the substrate support 73 6 is connected, for example, using a plurality of screws to a conventional vertical movement lifting system 723. Some hardware such as an intake manifold and/or a vacuum pump is omitted for clarity. The illustrated vacuum reaction chamber 716 includes a cylindrical reaction chamber wall 714 and a support ring 712 disposed at the top of the reaction chamber wall. The top of the reaction chamber is closed with a target plate 706 having an inner surface 7〇6A. The target plate 706 is electrically insulated from the reaction chamber wall 714 by a ring 23 342582 insulating 710 disposed between the target plate 706 and the support ring 712. Typically, to ensure vacuum integrity within the reaction chamber 716, a weft ring (not shown) is used above and below the insulator 71 to provide a vacuum seal. The billboard 706 may be made of a material that will become a deposited species, or it may contain a coating of the deposit. To facilitate the Tibetan key process, a high voltage power supply 702 is coupled to the target 706. The substrate support 736 holds and supports the substrate 720 within the reaction chamber 716. The substrate support 736 may contain one or more electrodes 734 embedded in a support vessel 738. The electrodes are driven by a voltage from a power supply 7〇4 and, in response to a voltage application, the substrate 72 is electrostatically clamped to the support surface of the chuck. The chuck body may contain, for example, a ceramic material. A wall-like cylindrical protective member 742 is disposed on the support ring 712. The cylindrical shape of the protective member 742 is illustrative of a protective member conforming to the shape of the reaction chamber and/or the substrate, and of course, the protective member may be of any shape. The illustrated components may include 0020-45544, 0020-47654, 0020-BW101, 0020-BW3 02, 01 90-1 1 82 1, 0020-44375, 0020-44438 available from Shengta Barbara Applied Materials, California. 0020-43498, 0021-JW077, 0020-19122, 0 0 2 0 - JW 0 9 6, 0 0 2 1 - KS 5 5 6, 0 0 2 0 - 4 5 6 9 5 ° In addition to the protective member 742, The protective combination 718 also includes an annular deposition ring 730 having an inner diameter that is selected to mount the outer periphery of the ring on the edge of the substrate without contacting the substrate. The shield ring is disposed on a pair of quasi-rings 728, and the alignment ring 728 is supported by a flange (not shown) extending from the substrate support 73 6 26 1342582. In addition, other components, such as clamp rings for physical vapor deposition (PVD), can be textured according to the processes described herein and used in applications for inspection herein. The illustrated annular shield ring and/or clamp ring includes 0020-43171 and 0020-46649 available from Shengta Barbara Applied Materials, Inc. » During the sputter deposition process, a process gas system is supplied to the reaction chamber And the power source is supplied to the target plate 706. The process gas system is ignited into a plasma and accelerated toward the coarse plate 706. The process gas boat thus ejects particles from the dry sheet, and the particles are deposited onto the substrate 720, forming a coating of deposited material thereon. While the protective combination 718 typically confines the plasma and sputter particles to a reaction zone 777 'but inevitably, the sputtered particles, initially in an electropolymerized or gaseous state, will condense on the various reaction chamber surfaces. For example, the reduced bond particles may condense on the inner surface 718A of the protective combination 718, on the inner surface 70 6A of the dry sheet 70 6 , on the inner surface 712A of the support ring 712, on the inner surface 730A of the deposition ring 730, As well as other reactions on the interior surface. In addition, other surfaces, such as the upper surface of the substrate support 736, may be contaminated during or between deposition sequences. Generally, the term "inner surface" means any surface having an interface with the reaction chamber 716. The reaction chamber member represents any separable element that is fully or partially housed within a process chamber. The reaction chamber member may be a vacuum reaction to a member', a reaction chamber member disposed within a vacuum reaction chamber, e.g., reaction chamber 716. The condensed material formed on the inner surface of a reaction chamber member typically has only limited adhesion and may detach from the member and contaminate the base 27 1342582 plate 720. In order to reduce the tendency of the coagulated foreign matter to separate from the process chamber components, the reaction chamber components, for example, the protective combination 718, the coffin 7〇6, the support ring 712, the deposition ring 730, the coil (not shown), the coil support ( Not shown), a deposition collimator (not shown), a pedestal 73 8 , an alignment ring 728, a shuter disk (not shown), or a substrate support 736 is provided to a texturing reaction chamber. For example, the working chamber 设备4 of the device 1 . Referring now to Figure 8, a series of method steps 8 开始 begins at step 8 〇 2 and proceeds to step 804 where an electromagnetic energy beam is bounced through - or a plurality of reaction chamber component surfaces to form thereon A plurality of features. These features may be depressions, protrusions, < combinations thereof. The type of features comprising depressions and protrusions thus formed on the surface of the reaction chamber member are as previously described with respect to the work piece 104. In general, step 8〇4 includes the method steps 3〇1 to 31 described in the 3a 3b, 3C, 3D, 3E, and 3F diagrams t. In another embodiment, the method is further included in the method. The feature 5 is roughened by the surface of the process member or the workpiece after the electromagnetic beam 102 is formed on the surface. The process of roughening the surface of the workpiece after formation, such as "sand blasting" or chemical roughness, can promote the adhesion of the deposited material to the workpiece, because the surface 622 and the surface texture treatment are formed. The surface of the protrusions 604 tends to be smoother (surface roughness (R 〇 about 64 micro 吋). The smooth surface produced by this texturing process is considered to be the surface tension effect of the molten surface generated during the texturing process. The roughened surface formed by "sand blasting" or chemical roughening is important 'because of the intrinsic properties (such as crystal defects, stacking faults, etc.) and/or non-essential present in the deposited material. The stress (eg, temperature difference between the workpiece and the deposited material, thermal expansion misalignment, etc.) may cause the deposited material to distort and/or fracture. The singularity or fracture of the deposited material may result in particles that may cause contamination of the substrate 720. The present invention The increased surface roughening viewpoint helps promote adhesion of the deposited material to the surface of the workpiece via local mechanical bonding or bonding. Wherein, the reaction chamber member, or the workpiece, the surface is further coarsely distorted by a beam of hard particles (jet/") on the surface of the member after the texturing process of step 804. The hard particles may contain For example, alumina, garnet, yttria or tantalum carbide, and may have a particle size of from about 24 to about 80 grit. Typically, the "sandblasting" process is between about 5 and about 7 psi. The pressure blasting process is completed. The blasting process portion also has the effect of removing the slightly adhered material left by the texturing process. In another embodiment of the invention, the process component (or workpiece) is in a texturing process. Chemical cleaning is followed by pen. Due to the stringent cleanliness requirements required to meet the yield target of the semiconductor manufacturing unit, any material that may be micronized, decomposed, evaporated, or separated from the process components during the manufacturing process must be minimized. Some types of contamination that may be found after the texturing process may include, for example, a slightly adhered material that is "sprayed" by the process member material due to local heating of the electromagnetic beam. Contamination from processing process components, and/or any contamination from texturing, sand blasting, tamper removal or chemical roughening reaction chambers. Typical cleaning processes can be ambiguous, for example, containing corrosive etching/defatting steps, going Ionized water for cleaning, in acidic or laboratory solutions to remove contaminants in or on the surface of process components, high-deion deionization 29 1342582 water cleaning, ultrasonic or million-cycle ultrasonic waves to leave the empty oven or blow Process steps such as nitrogen drying. The cleanliness requirements required to meet the semi-goal objectives should be in one embodiment for those skilled in the art of ultra-high and/or semiconductor production, which is completed after the steps have been completed. However, prior to the step in which the member is placed, this embodiment thus helps to ensure that the process chamber is used before the process member is removed. 'The cleaning process is completed only after the sandblasting process to remove any contaminants, because of the treatment. The sandblasted particles that are left behind. It is possible to clean the component prior to the process of yet another embodiment, as long as it is disposed of in a clean environment and is packaged or transferred to a rinse with deionized water. Referring to step 806, the one or more process configuration chambers, for example, the sputtering reactor 700, as shown in step 808, are formed in the reactor, for example, on the substrate 720 in the reactor 700. 8 1 0 ends. While the above discussion details a method of mitigating the reduction of bonds, it is within the scope of the invention to use a method to mitigate any amount of contamination within. Any process in which the present invention can condense the inner surface of the process can be removed from the reaction chamber by sub-water cleaning, and the UEB chemical cleaning of the true conductor production device is well known or understood. Some texturing process steps are placed in a process chamber where all contaminants are present. In another embodiment, the contaminant after the texturing process is removed, and wherein, prior to texturing, the process member is placed in a reaction chamber prior to the process chamber and then disposed within a reaction chamber 716. Start a process sequence, a sputter layer. This method of different types of process reactions in the reactor can be applied to the chamber containing materials. Any component that is partially or fully positioned and placed in a textured device, such as device 100, is suitable for processing by the method of the present invention. The method can be used to mitigate contamination of a process chamber designed to deposit, etch, heat, or condition a workpiece, substrate, or layer deposited therein. In one embodiment, the method is for mitigating a layer of refractory metal or refractory metal compound, such as a layer, a titanium nitride layer, a tantalum layer, a tungsten layer, or a tantalum nitride layer, which is designed to be sputter deposited on a substrate. Dyeing in the reaction chamber. In other similar embodiments of the invention, the texturing method can be used to mitigate one molecule beam epitaxy (MBE), atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or dry etch process chambers, among other things. , inside the dye. Components that may require a texturing process typically include components that will receive some deposition during the processing cycle (during deposition or cleaning process) and that have a tendency to deposit the film directly or indirectly. In a non-sputtering counter, for example, an MxP+, Super-e or eMax process system can be purchased from Santa Barbara Applied Materials, Inc., and examples of typical pieces that require texturing are: 0040-41188, 0040 -41 189 0020-15694 , 0040-45966 ' 0040-44917 ' 0020-17482 0020-07569 , 0020-07570 ' 0020-07571 , 0020-07567 , and 0020-07568 ° In another embodiment, the one or more The process chamber components are removed from the process chamber after step 808, and the process of removing the condensed foreign matter that may adhere to the textured surface is initiated. Removal of the coagulated foreign matter can be accomplished by spraying a bundle of particles onto the surface of the process chamber component or processes. The hard particles may contain smudges in the interior to smear the smear. 31 1342582 For example, oxidize from about 24 to about 80 foreign substances but bases and protrusions. In another process chamber, liquid handling may involve excessive acid potassium 'hydrogen acid, acid, and chemical shots. Or, other methods. The depressions are formed between the reaction chambers, and in the present invention, for example, the arc welding is used to add adhesion to the working workpiece, which is completed in the environment. Therefore, the attachment of the work piece in the 3A to 3F includes, the stone plum, the oxidized dream or the broken hair, and may have a particle size of a particle size. Preferably, the jet is sufficient to remove the texture on the surface of the member (i.e., in the recessed embodiment, a chemical liquid system is applied to the surface of one or more of the parts to remove the foreign matter on the surface. The chemistry includes, for example, immersing or spraying the surface with a chemical such as a degreasing composition, sodium hydroxide, potassium oxide, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, argon fluoride, or the like. The treatment of the liquid may be added or replaced. The spraying of hard particles can be discussed to remove foreign matter from the textured surface. Preferably, the chemical treatment does not reduce the micro-roughness of the texturing process. In this manner, the member can be returned to the I to provide condensation. Adhesion of the material on the surface. In one embodiment, the texturing process may have to be utilized, metal inert gas (MIG) welding, molecular beam epitaxy, or other similar processes for forming protrusions on the surface of the device. Materials with similar composition. To ensure that the process of adding materials can be required in the vacuum reaction chamber, non-oxidation (for example and / or the workpiece is heated to pick up The addition of the material to the melting point of the material to form the protrusions is intended to promote the deposition of the film against the force. It is contemplated that this embodiment may be substituted or added to the process steps 31 〇 and 8 〇 4 described in the respective figures and Fig. 8. Several preferred embodiments of the teachings of the present invention have been shown and described in detail in the teachings of the specification, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference to the same. A more detailed description of the features, advantages and objects of the present invention, which are described in the foregoing, are briefly described in the foregoing. A schematic cross-sectional view of a surface texturing apparatus that can be used to implement the embodiments described herein is shown; FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a control system that can be coupled to a surface texturing apparatus to implement the methods described herein. Embodiments; Figure 3A illustrates a series of method steps that may be used to adjust the surface of a material as described herein; Figure 3B illustrates the surface of the material that may be used to adjust Utilizing a series of method steps of the embodiments described herein; FIG. 3C illustrates a series of method steps that may be used to adjust the surface of the material utilized in the embodiments described herein; FIG. 3D illustrates the surface of the material that may be used to adjust A series of method steps using one of the embodiments described herein; FIG. 3E illustrates a series of method steps that may be used to adjust the surface of the material utilized in the embodiments described herein; FIG. 3F illustrates the surface of the material that may be used to adjust Utilizing a series of method steps of the embodiments described herein; FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the electron beam sequentially contacting portions of the workpiece to adjust its surface; 33 1342582 FIG. 5A shows that ρτ has been utilized herein. A schematic top view of the surface of the embodiment; FIG. 5 is a view showing the surface of the workpiece of 笫ςΑ m A圊 and its upper view; FIG. 5C is a view showing the surface of the feature array having a hexagonal closely packed thereon. Close-up top view; Figure 5D shows a close-up top-view circle of the work with an array of overlapping features on the field; Figure 6 of the thousand table shows the formation according to the embodiment described herein Summary of the characteristics Section 圊; Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the chain-breaking reactor in which the embodiments described herein can be used to reduce the dyeing; and Figure 8 shows that it can be used to reduce contamination in the process chamber, A series of method steps of one of the embodiments described herein. Textured features of the workpieces in the vicinity of the workpiece surface in the [simplified description of the component symbol] 100 surface texturing equipment 102 electromagnetic beam 104 working piece 106 cathode 108 anode 110 fast focus coil 112A, 112B bias coil 114 work Reaction chamber 114t Upper surface 116 biasing cover 11 8 through hole 120 column 122 cable 124 pump 126 valve 128, 132 isolation valve 34 1342582 130 vacuum pump 140 substrate support 142 actuator 150 heating element 181 energy source 200 micro processing Controller 204 Signal Generator 500 Features 502, 510 Region 504, 606 Electromagnetic Beam Straight 506 Diameter 508 Interval 520 Pattern 602 Sag 604 Protrusion 610 Incident Angle 610a, 610b Ray 612 Depth 614 Surface Diameter 616 Inner Diameter 618 Degree 620 Upper Surface 622 Surface 700 Reservoir Recovery 702, 704 Power Supply 706 Drying Plate 706A, 712A, 718A, 730A Inner Surface 710 Insulator 712 Support Ring 714 Reaction Chamber Wall 716 Vacuum Reaction Chamber. 718 Protection Combination 720 Substrate 728 Alignment Ring 730 Deposition Ring 732 lifting system 734 electrode 736 substrate Support 736A upper surface 738 support 742 protective member 777 reaction zone 35