1341915 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種用作爲碳化爐，高溫分解爐，熱 處理爐及類此者的外熱式轉爐及其操作方法。 【先前技術】 一外熱式轉爐包括一外筒其圍繞一繞著軸線轉動的轉 爐（爐子內筒）。該轉爐從外面被加熱氣體加熱，該加熱 氣體被促使流入該外筒，藉此熱處理在一被處理的物質在 該軸方向上被傳送入該爐子時被實施。該外熱式轉爐亦被 稱爲間接式加熱轉爐，因爲該轉爐被建構成可讓加熱氣體 不會與被處理的物質接觸，且被廣泛地用作爲一碳化爐， 加熱爐，及乾燥爐。 已有硏究在進行將有機廢棄物，譬如像是污水爛泥， 藉由使用具有上述特徵之外熱式轉爐來熱分解成爲燃料。 詳言之，有機廢棄物被導入該外熱式轉爐中且在無需混入 加熱空氣下於一低氧環境中被熱分解用以回收高溫分解氣 體與碳化物，且獲得之燃料氣體與固態燃料被使用。在將 會獲得燃料氣體的例子中，該加熱瘟度被設定的儘可能地 高用以有效地將有機物質氣化。再另一方面，在將會獲得 固態燃料的例子中，必需要在低於用於氣化的溫度的較低 溫度下完成熱分解用以讓可燃燒的內容物留在該碳化物 內。因此，該爐子內的溫度控制就很關鍵。 作爲一種控制該繞著軸線轉動的轉爐內的方法，已有 -5- 1341915 一種將一管子沿著該爐子的軸線安裝用以根據一安裝在該 管子內的溫度偵測器測得之溫度來控制加熱線圈的輸出及 一加熱氣體燃燒裝置的加熱功率的方法（參見日本專利第 JP11-211 04 0A號）及一種燃燒空氣量係根據一設在爐子的 排放埠口的熱電耦測得之溫度來控制的方法（參見曰本專 利第JP2903 045B號）被提出。然而，在轉爐內的氣體溫 度是用這些方法來測得的，所以被處理的物質的碳化溫度 並不一定被顯示出來，且有可能因爲爐內在輻射與對流上 的平衡的改變或有物質黏附到該溫度感測器上而發生誤 差。此外，包括污水爛泥在被之有機廢棄物的入口特性， 譬如被處理的數量及含水量，變動很大，因此很難實施穩 定的碳化溫度控制。 【發明內容】 本發明係根據以上所述之實際情況被開發出來，且本 發明的一個目的爲提供一種外熱射轉爐，其中繞著軸線轉 動的轉爐內的溫度可相關於被處理的物質的溫度加以精確 地測量’藉以實施加熱溫度的穩定控制，及提供該外熱式 轉爐的操作方法。 爲了要解決傳統技藝的上述問題，本發明提供一種外 熱式轉爐其包含一爐子內筒其繞著軸線轉動及一外筒用以 造成加熱氣體流動於該爐子內筒周圍，並在一被處理的物 質於該軸方向上被傳送進入該爐子內筒時實施加熱處理， 其特徵在於該爐子內筒被可轉動地支撐在一可活動於該軸 -6- 1341915 式轉爐其包括一爐子內筒其繞著軸線轉動及一外筒用以造 成加熱氣體流動於該爐子內筒周圍，並在一被處理的物質 於該軸方向上被傳送進入該爐子內筒時實施加熱處理，其 特徵在於有複數個用來從外筒的周壁部分測量在該爐子內 筒的軸方向上的複數個位置的殼溫度之非接觸式溫度計被 提供。 作爲該外熱式轉爐的另一模式，本發明提供一種外熱 式轉爐其包括一爐子內筒其繞著軸線轉動及一外筒用以造 成加熱氣體流動於該爐子內筒周圍，並在一被處理的物質 於該軸方向上被傳送進入該爐子內筒時實施加熱處理，其 特徵在於該爐子內筒被可轉動地支撐在一可活動於該軸方 向上之可活動側端部與一固定側端部上，且被提供用來測 量該爐子內筒在軸方向上的熱伸長量的機構。 依據本發明的該外熱式轉爐，用來測量該爐子內筒在 軸方向上的熱伸長量的機構及用來從外筒的周壁部分測量 在該爐子內筒的軸方向上的複數個位置的殻溫度之複數個 非接觸式溫度計被提供。因此，藉由將得自於該熱伸長量 測量機構的測量値之熱伸長量比例除以該爐子內筒的材質 的線性膨脹係數，可測量到一將在該爐內之輻射與對流上 的變及物質黏附在該爐子內筒上或溫度感測器上所造成的 測量誤差排除掉之精確的爐殼溫度（轉換過的殼溫度）。 再者，因爲該爐殼溫度是與在該爐內接受處理之物質 直接接觸的部分的溫度，所以爐殼溫度與被處理的物質之 熱解溫度有最緊密的關連性，並可充分反應出加熱狀態。 -9- 1341915 藉由根據此爐殻溫度來實施溫度控制，該加熱溫度即可被 穩定地控制。因此，在依據本發明的外熱式轉爐被用作爲 一從有機廢棄物提供燃料碳化物的碳化爐的例子中，碳化 溫度可依據所想要的之可燃成份的殘餘比例被保持在一適 當的溫度，藉以穩定地獲得高品質之碳化燃料。 而且，以熱伸長量爲基礎的該經過轉換的殻溫度被拿 來與非接觸式溫度計的平均殻溫度相比較，藉此即可偵測 出灰黏附在該爐子內筒的外表面上及該爐子內筒的腐蝕狀 態。在溫度差變得不小於該預定的値，壓縮空氣被噴到該 爐子內筒的外表面上用以黏附在該爐子內筒的外表面上的 灰的例子中的操作方法，在溫度差持續達預定的時間長 度，產生提示該爐子內筒需要維修的訊號的例子中的操作 方法，及在平均殼溫度藉由使用發射率（emissivity )依 據該溫度差來校準的操作方法，及該準爐的操作可使用。 而且，在該外筒被分爲在軸方向的複數個區域的模式 中，非接觸式溫度計被設置在每一區域中，且進一步被提 供一用來調節在每一區域中之加熱氣體的流率之加熱氣體 量調節機構及一用來根據在每一區域中之殼溫度的測量値 來控制該加熱氣體量調節機構的溫度控制機構，該殼溫度 可根據在每一區域內之殼溫度的測量値被控制用以在每一 區域內都不同。而且，除了在每一區域中的溫度控制之 外，還可實施源於該以熱伸長量爲基礎之經過轉換的殼溫 度與該非接觸式溫度計的平均殼溫度的比較之控制溫度區 的校準，藉此可實施更可靠的溫度控制，及實施高品質的 -10- 1341915 在該內筒1 1的可活動的側端部13中設有一測量機構 1 1 4用來測量該被加熱的部分整個的熱伸長量，亦即，該 內筒Μ的總熱伸長量D。該測量機構1 1 4測量一設在該 內筒1 1的可活動的側端部1 3內之指針Ρ的位移，刻度係 固定在該轉爐1的安裝部分上。該測量機構114可以是一 位置感測器用來用一電磁機構或類此者（譬如，一線性差 動變壓器）測量該指針Ρ的位移。而且，一用來偵測一預 設之預定的位移量已被達到之觸感器可被用來取代用於偵 測連續的位置之感測器，或一雷射測距儀可被用來偵測位 移。 在該內筒11的內壁部上安排有複數片鰭片用以相關 於圓周方向（或螺旋方向，未示出）傾斜。該內筒11被 一驅動源（未示出）以一預定的轉數轉動，藉此，已從入 口側被送入之被處理的物質可在被加熱的時候被送至出口 側。在某些例子中，該內筒11是被支撐，而不是被提供 鰭片，用以能夠繞著一相對於水平稍微傾斜的軸線轉動， 該被處理的物質藉此被該傾斜度及該的轉動輸送至該出口 側。 該外筒12是在可讓該內筒11轉動並移動於軸方向上 的狀態下透過一支撐件（未示出）被固定到該安裝部分上 並提供一密封於該外筒12與該內筒11之間。該外筒12 的整個內表被覆蓋一絕緣物，且如圖2所示，該內部空間 的一側（該內筒1丨側）在該外筒1 2的整個長度上被一分 隔壁120所分隔。一加熱氣體引入部12〗被界定在該被分 -12- 1341915 隔的部分的下側上，及一加熱氣體輸送部122被界定在其 上側上’且一從該引入部121到該輸送部122的加熱氣體 流路被形成。該外筒12的引入部121與一供應管20連 接’頭過該供應管20加熱氣體從一加熱氣體燃燒爐2被 提供。在另一方面，該外筒12的輸送部丨22透過一加熱 氣體輸送管21與一加熱氣體量調節閘門3及一抽風式風 扇4相連接。 該外筒12的上部設有三個觀看玻璃123用以在軸方 向上彼此分開來，且每一觀看玻璃123都被提供有一用來 測量部分位移，亦即，該內筒1〗的部分熱伸長量D1 , D2，D3的測量機構124。該測量機構124包含一顯示器 或一影像攝取裝置其被設置在該外筒12的觀看玻璃123 上，用以面向設在該內筒11的外周邊表面上的指針P1， P2，P3，並用設在該顯示器的視場內的刻度來測量指針 P 1，P2，P3相關於測量位置的位移，或根據該影像攝取 裝置所攝得之影像上的位置來測量。 而且，在靠近該外筒12的上部的輸送部122的位置 處設有六個視窗125用以在軸方向上彼此分開來。每一視 窗125上都設有一非接觸式溫度計126其面向繞著該軸線 轉動的內筒11的外周邊表面，用以測量爐殻溫度T11至 32 ( Τη)。一輻射溫度計可被用來作爲該非接觸式溫度計 126。在此例子中，含有燃燒氣體的煤灰及灰塵被用作爲 流入該外筒1 2的加熱氣體，使得一 3 · 9微米的紅外線波 長（它不會受到該煤灰及灰塵及燃燒氣體的影響）被用作 -13 - 1341915 爲該輻射溫度計的一反應波長。而且，一使用近1.0微米 波長的雙色溫度計亦是適合的，因爲它較不會受到煤灰及 灰塵及燃燒氣體的影響，且即使是該內筒11的外表面腐 蝕了亦較不會受到發射率（emissivity )的影響。 接下來，該外熱式轉爐1在它被用作爲一碳化爐用以 將有機廢棄物（譬如，污水爛泥）熱分解成爲燃料的操作 方法將根據上文所述的實施例加以說明。 加熱氣體被該抽風式風扇4從該加熱氣體燃燒爐2供 應至該轉爐1的外筒12內，使得位在該外筒12內的內筒 11被此加熱氣體從外周邊表面加熱。該加熱氣體燃燒爐2 的加熱功率被保持一定，且從該加熱氣體燃燒爐2供應的 加熱氣體被保持在一預定的高溫。然而，加熱該內筒11 所需之熱量會因爲負載（譬如，被引入到該爐子內筒11 內之被處理物質的特性，被處理的數量，及含水量）的變 動而有所波動。 因此，加熱氣體量調節閘門3的開啓程度與該抽風式 風扇4的轉數都是根據圖3所示之控制邏輯由一溫度控制 機構5來控制，使得由設在軸方向上的六個地方之非接觸 式溫度計126所測量之爐殻溫度ΤΙ 1至T3 2 ( Τη)都被保 持在一預定的溫度範圍內。 在圖3中，從位在六個測量位置的爐殼溫度Τ1 1至 Τ3 2，在任何一個地點的溫度或在任何數個電點的溫度 (最多六個地點）是由一選擇器開關50來選擇的。在一 個地點的溫度被選取的例子中，該被選取的爐殻溫度被用 -14- 1341915 作爲一處理値，及在數個地點的溫度被選取的例子中，藉 由平均處理（51)而獲得之爐殻溫度的平均値被用作爲— 處理値’ PID控制根據該處理値被實施使得該處理値Pv 被保持在一設定的値SV。 該PID控制的輸出，其中與受到延遲處理（52 )之爐 殼溫度的處理値P V和該設定値S V之間的差異成比例的 比例控制動作（P控制動作），與持續時間的差異成比例 的積分控制動作（I控制動作）及與差異的改變率成比例 的微分控制動作（D控制動作），被顛倒（5 3 )且被用作 爲一打開程度的指令，該加熱氣體量調節閘門3根據該指 令來調節打開的程度。又，送至該加熱氣體量調節閘門3 的該打開程度指令會受到延遲處理（5 4 )且被轉成該抽風 式風扇4的轉數的控制中的處理値。PID控制被實施使得 此處理値PV被保持在該設定値SV，且其輸出被顛倒 (55)且被用作爲該抽風式風扇4的轉數指令，該抽風式 風扇4的轉數即據此加以調節。 因此，基本溫度控制係藉由調節該加熱氣體量調節閘 門3的打開程度的調節來實施，且備援控制被實施使得該 加熱氣體量調節閘門3的打開程度被保持在一預定的範圍 內，藉此可對於在入口負載上的波動實施穩定的控制。而 且，在灞述的控制中，在該抽風式風扇4的轉數控制中的 該延遲處理54被設定爲大於在該加熱氣體量調節閘門3 的打開程度的調節中之延遲處理52，藉此一短期的溫度改 變可以只由該加熱氣體量調節閘門3的打開程度的調節來 -15- 1341915 補償’而無需實施該抽風式風扇4的轉數的控制，且一長 期的溫度改變則可由該抽風式風扇4的轉數控制來補償。 藉此’即可實施更加穩定的溫度控制。 在溫度如上文所述地加以控制之轉爐1的上游側設置 有一乾燥器（未示出）。已被該乾燥器攪動並乾燥用以將 其內的含水量的控制在一預定的値之乾燥的爛泥71被該 螺旋輸送器10送入該轉爐1的內筒11中。被送入該內筒 11中之該經過乾燥的爛泥71在其隨著該內筒11的轉送而 被朝向出口側輸送的同時被加熱。藉此，剩餘的水份首先 被蒸發’且有機成份的熱分解隨著水份的蒸發的完成而進 行。因此，在高溫分解氣體被產生的同時，有機成份被碳 化，且從該瀉槽15被排出成爲具有一預定的碳化程度的 碳化物72 (固態燃料）。 在另一方面，熱分解所產生的該高溫分解氣體73經 由該瀉槽15被導入一乾燥氣體燃燒爐（未示出）中，且 與輔助燃料一起被燃燒或在該加熱氣體輸送管21內與燃 燒空氣熱交換。某些燃燒氣體流到該加熱氣體燃燒爐2 中，其與輔助燃料一起在該加熱氣體燃燒爐2內被燃燒， 且被用來加熱該轉爐1。因爲該加熱氣體爲一燃燒氣體， 所以它包含煤灰及灰塵及灰燼。如股該灰燼黏附在該內筒 1 1的外表面上的話，則在非接觸式溫度計1 26測得的溫度 ΤΙ 1至T3 2 ( Τη )與實際的爐殼溫度之間會發生誤差。 因此，爐殼溫度（經過轉換的殼溫度）的平均値係根 據設在該內筒11之可活動側端部13上的測量機構14獲 -16 - 1341915 得之總熱伸長量D的測量値來決定的，且此數値被拿來與 前數的爐殻溫度T11至T3 2的平均値（Τη)作比較，藉此 可偵測出灰燼黏附在該爐殼上的狀態。 將該爐內筒11的總熱伸長量當作D(mm，=^L)， 該爐內筒11的被加熱部分的長度爲L(m)，且該爐材質 的線性熱膨脹係數爲a ( mm/m · °C )，該經過轉換的殼 溫度Ts ( °C )係藉由將總熱伸長比D/L ( △ L/L )除以該 爐子材質的線性膨脹係數α，其被表示爲：BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an external heat type converter used as a carbonization furnace, a pyrolysis furnace, a heat treatment furnace, and the like, and a method of operating the same. [Prior Art] An external thermal converter includes an outer cylinder that surrounds a converter (furnace inner cylinder) that rotates about an axis. The converter is heated from the outside by a heated gas which is caused to flow into the outer cylinder, whereby the heat treatment is carried out when a material to be treated is conveyed into the furnace in the axial direction. The external heat converter is also referred to as an indirect heating converter because the converter is constructed such that the heated gas does not come into contact with the material to be treated, and is widely used as a carbonization furnace, a heating furnace, and a drying furnace. It has been investigated that organic waste, such as sewage sludge, is thermally decomposed into fuel by using a thermal converter having the above characteristics. In detail, the organic waste is introduced into the external heat converter and is thermally decomposed in a low-oxygen environment without being mixed with heated air to recover the pyrolysis gas and carbide, and the obtained fuel gas and solid fuel are obtained. use. In the case where a fuel gas is to be obtained, the heating temperature is set as high as possible to effectively vaporize the organic substance. On the other hand, in the case where a solid fuel is to be obtained, it is necessary to carry out thermal decomposition at a lower temperature than the temperature for gasification to leave the combustible contents in the carbide. Therefore, temperature control within the furnace is critical. As a method of controlling the rotation of the shaft about the axis, there is a method of 5-1341915 for installing a tube along the axis of the furnace for measuring the temperature according to a temperature detector installed in the tube. A method of controlling the output of the heating coil and a heating power of the heating gas burning device (see Japanese Patent No. JP11-211 04 0A) and a combustion air amount based on a temperature measured by a thermocouple disposed in the discharge port of the furnace The method of control (see JP Patent No. JP2903 045B) is proposed. However, the temperature of the gas in the converter is measured by these methods, so the carbonization temperature of the substance to be treated is not necessarily displayed, and there may be a change in the balance between radiation and convection in the furnace or adhesion of matter. An error occurs on the temperature sensor. In addition, the inlet characteristics of the sewage sludge including the organic waste, such as the amount to be treated and the water content, vary greatly, so it is difficult to implement stable carbonization temperature control. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been developed in light of the above-described circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an external heat injection converter in which the temperature in a converter rotating about an axis can be related to the substance being processed. The temperature is accurately measured 'to achieve stable control of the heating temperature, and to provide an operation method of the external thermal converter. In order to solve the above problems of the conventional art, the present invention provides an external heat converter comprising a furnace inner cylinder that rotates about an axis and an outer cylinder for causing heating gas to flow around the inner cylinder of the furnace, and is processed in one The material is heat-treated while being conveyed into the inner cylinder of the furnace in the axial direction, and is characterized in that the inner cylinder of the furnace is rotatably supported on a shaft -6-1341915 type converter which includes a furnace inner cylinder Rotating about an axis and an outer cylinder for causing heated gas to flow around the inner cylinder of the furnace, and performing heat treatment when a material to be processed is transported into the inner cylinder of the furnace in the axial direction, characterized in that A plurality of non-contact thermometers for measuring the shell temperature at a plurality of positions in the axial direction of the inner cylinder of the furnace from the peripheral wall portion of the outer cylinder are provided. As another mode of the external heat converter, the present invention provides an external heat converter comprising a furnace inner cylinder rotating about an axis and an outer cylinder for causing heating gas to flow around the inner cylinder of the furnace, and The material to be treated is subjected to a heat treatment when being conveyed into the inner cylinder of the furnace in the axial direction, characterized in that the inner cylinder of the furnace is rotatably supported by a movable side end portion movable in the axial direction and a The fixed side end portion is provided with a mechanism for measuring the amount of thermal elongation of the inner cylinder of the furnace in the axial direction. The external heat type converter according to the present invention, the mechanism for measuring the amount of thermal elongation of the inner cylinder of the furnace in the axial direction, and the plurality of positions for measuring the axial direction of the inner cylinder of the furnace from the peripheral wall portion of the outer cylinder A plurality of non-contact thermometers of the shell temperature are provided. Therefore, by dividing the ratio of the thermal elongation of the measured crucible obtained from the thermal elongation measuring mechanism by the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the inner cylinder of the furnace, a radiation and convection in the furnace can be measured. The precise case temperature (converted shell temperature) is determined by the measurement error caused by the adhesion of the substance to the inner cylinder of the furnace or the temperature sensor. Furthermore, since the temperature of the shell is the temperature of the portion directly in contact with the material to be treated in the furnace, the temperature of the shell is most closely related to the pyrolysis temperature of the substance to be treated, and can be sufficiently reacted. Heated state. -9- 1341915 By performing temperature control according to the temperature of the furnace shell, the heating temperature can be stably controlled. Therefore, in the case where the external heat converter according to the present invention is used as a carbonization furnace for supplying fuel carbides from organic waste, the carbonization temperature can be maintained at an appropriate ratio depending on the desired residual ratio of the combustible components. Temperature, in order to stably obtain high quality carbonized fuel. Moreover, the temperature of the converted shell based on the amount of thermal elongation is compared with the average shell temperature of the non-contact thermometer, thereby detecting that the ash adheres to the outer surface of the inner cylinder of the furnace and The corrosion state of the inner cylinder of the furnace. In the example in which the temperature difference becomes not less than the predetermined enthalpy, the compressed air is sprayed onto the outer surface of the inner cylinder of the furnace for adhering to the ash on the outer surface of the inner cylinder of the furnace, the temperature difference continues For a predetermined length of time, an operation method in an example of a signal indicating that the inner cylinder of the furnace needs to be repaired, and an operation method for calibrating the average case temperature by using an emissivity according to the temperature difference, and the quasi-furnace The operation can be used. Moreover, in a mode in which the outer cylinder is divided into a plurality of regions in the axial direction, a non-contact thermometer is disposed in each region, and is further provided with a flow for adjusting the heating gas in each region. a heating gas amount adjusting mechanism and a temperature control mechanism for controlling the heating gas amount adjusting mechanism according to a temperature measurement of a shell temperature in each region, the shell temperature being responsive to a shell temperature in each region The measurement 値 is controlled to be different in each area. Moreover, in addition to the temperature control in each zone, a calibration of the control temperature zone derived from the comparison of the converted shell temperature based on the thermal elongation to the average shell temperature of the non-contact thermometer can be performed, Thereby, a more reliable temperature control can be implemented, and a high-quality -10- 1341915 is implemented. A measuring mechanism 1 1 4 is provided in the movable side end portion 13 of the inner cylinder 11 for measuring the entire heated portion. The amount of thermal elongation, that is, the total thermal elongation D of the inner cylinder. The measuring mechanism 1 1 4 measures the displacement of a pointer 设 provided in the movable side end portion 13 of the inner cylinder 1 1 , and the scale is fixed to the mounting portion of the converter 1 . The measuring mechanism 114 can be a position sensor for measuring the displacement of the pointer 用 by an electromagnetic mechanism or the like (e.g., a linear differential transformer). Moreover, a touch sensor for detecting a predetermined predetermined amount of displacement can be used instead of a sensor for detecting a continuous position, or a laser range finder can be used Detect displacement. A plurality of fins are arranged on the inner wall portion of the inner cylinder 11 for inclination with respect to the circumferential direction (or a spiral direction, not shown). The inner cylinder 11 is rotated by a drive source (not shown) at a predetermined number of revolutions, whereby the processed material that has been fed from the inlet side can be sent to the outlet side while being heated. In some examples, the inner barrel 11 is supported rather than being provided with fins for being rotatable about an axis that is slightly inclined relative to the horizontal, the processed substance being thereby tilted by the Rotate to the outlet side. The outer cylinder 12 is fixed to the mounting portion through a support member (not shown) in a state where the inner cylinder 11 can be rotated and moved in the axial direction, and a seal is provided to the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 12 Between the cylinders 11. The entire inner surface of the outer cylinder 12 is covered with an insulator, and as shown in FIG. 2, one side of the inner space (the inner cylinder 1 side) is separated by a partition wall 120 over the entire length of the outer cylinder 12. Separated. A heating gas introduction portion 12 is defined on a lower side of the portion partitioned by -12-1341915, and a heating gas delivery portion 122 is defined on the upper side thereof and a passage portion 121 from the introduction portion 121 to the delivery portion A heating gas flow path of 122 is formed. The introduction portion 121 of the outer cylinder 12 is connected to a supply pipe 20 through which the heating gas is supplied from a heating gas combustion furnace 2. On the other hand, the conveying portion 22 of the outer cylinder 12 is connected to a heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 and an exhaust fan 4 through a heating gas delivery pipe 21. The upper portion of the outer cylinder 12 is provided with three viewing glasses 123 for separating from each other in the axial direction, and each viewing glass 123 is provided with a portion for measuring the partial displacement, that is, the partial thermal elongation of the inner cylinder 1 Measuring means 124 for quantities D1, D2, D3. The measuring mechanism 124 includes a display or an image capturing device disposed on the viewing glass 123 of the outer cylinder 12 for facing the pointers P1, P2, P3 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 11, and The pointer P 1, P2, P3 is measured relative to the displacement of the measurement position in a scale within the field of view of the display, or is measured based on the position on the image captured by the image capture device. Moreover, six windows 125 are provided at positions close to the conveying portion 122 of the upper portion of the outer cylinder 12 for being separated from each other in the axial direction. Each of the viewing windows 125 is provided with a non-contact thermometer 126 which faces the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 11 which is rotated about the axis for measuring the furnace shell temperatures T11 to 32 (?n). A radiation thermometer can be used as the non-contact thermometer 126. In this example, coal ash and dust containing combustion gases are used as the heating gas flowing into the outer cylinder 12 so that the infrared wavelength of a 3.9 μm (it is not affected by the coal ash and dust and combustion gases) ) was used as a reaction wavelength of -1341915 for the radiation thermometer. Moreover, a two-color thermometer using a wavelength of approximately 1.0 micrometer is also suitable because it is less affected by coal ash and dust and combustion gases, and even if the outer surface of the inner cylinder 11 is corroded, it is less likely to be emitted. The impact of the rate (emissivity). Next, the operation of the externally heated converter 1 in which it is used as a carbonization furnace for thermally decomposing organic waste (e.g., sewage sludge) into a fuel will be explained in accordance with the embodiments described above. The heated gas is supplied from the heated gas combustion furnace 2 to the outer cylinder 12 of the converter 1 by the exhaust fan 4, so that the inner cylinder 11 positioned in the outer cylinder 12 is heated by the heated gas from the outer peripheral surface. The heating power of the heating gas combustion furnace 2 is kept constant, and the heating gas supplied from the heating gas combustion furnace 2 is maintained at a predetermined high temperature. However, the amount of heat required to heat the inner cylinder 11 fluctuates due to changes in the load (e.g., the characteristics of the substance to be treated introduced into the inner cylinder 11 of the furnace, the amount to be treated, and the water content). Therefore, the degree of opening of the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 and the number of revolutions of the exhaust fan 4 are both controlled by a temperature control mechanism 5 according to the control logic shown in FIG. 3, so that six positions are provided in the axial direction. The case temperature ΤΙ 1 to T3 2 ( Τη) measured by the non-contact thermometer 126 is maintained within a predetermined temperature range. In Figure 3, from a furnace temperature Τ1 1 to Τ3 2 at six measurement locations, the temperature at any one location or the temperature at any number of electrical points (up to six locations) is controlled by a selector switch 50. To choose. In the example where the temperature of a location is selected, the selected furnace shell temperature is treated with -14,419,915 as a treatment, and in the case where temperatures are selected at several locations, by averaging (51) The average enthalpy of the obtained furnace shell temperature is used as - process 値 ' PID control is implemented according to the process 使得 such that the process 値 Pv is maintained at a set 値SV. The output of the PID control, wherein the proportional control action (P control action) proportional to the difference between the process 値PV of the furnace temperature subjected to the delay process (52) and the set 値SV is proportional to the difference in duration The integral control action (I control action) and the differential control action (D control action) proportional to the rate of change of the difference are reversed (5 3 ) and used as an instruction of the degree of opening, the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 The degree of opening is adjusted according to the instruction. Further, the degree of opening command sent to the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 is subjected to a delay process (54) and is converted into a process 控制 in the control of the number of revolutions of the draft fan 4. PID control is implemented such that the process 値PV is maintained at the set 値SV, and its output is reversed (55) and used as the number of revolutions of the ventilating fan 4, the number of revolutions of the ventilating fan 4 is accordingly Adjust it. Therefore, the basic temperature control is performed by adjusting the adjustment of the degree of opening of the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3, and the backup control is implemented such that the degree of opening of the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 is maintained within a predetermined range, Thereby a stable control can be implemented for fluctuations in the inlet load. Further, in the control of the above description, the delay processing 54 in the number-of-revolutions control of the draft fan 4 is set to be larger than the delay processing 52 in the adjustment of the degree of opening of the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3, whereby A short-term temperature change can be compensated only by the adjustment of the degree of opening of the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 - without the control of the number of revolutions of the draft fan 4, and a long-term temperature change can be The number of revolutions of the draft fan 4 is controlled to compensate. By this, a more stable temperature control can be implemented. A dryer (not shown) is disposed on the upstream side of the converter 1 whose temperature is controlled as described above. The dried sludge 71 which has been agitated by the dryer and dried to control the water content therein to a predetermined crucible is fed into the inner cylinder 11 of the converter 1 by the auger 10. The dried sludge 71 fed into the inner cylinder 11 is heated while being conveyed toward the outlet side as the inner cylinder 11 is transferred. Thereby, the remaining water is first evaporated' and the thermal decomposition of the organic component proceeds as the evaporation of the water is completed. Therefore, while the pyrolysis gas is generated, the organic component is carbonized, and is discharged from the sump 15 into a carbide 72 (solid fuel) having a predetermined degree of carbonization. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas 73 generated by thermal decomposition is introduced into a dry gas combustion furnace (not shown) via the sump 15, and is burned together with the auxiliary fuel or in the heated gas delivery pipe 21. Heat exchange with combustion air. Some of the combustion gas flows into the heating gas combustion furnace 2, which is burned together with the auxiliary fuel in the heating gas combustion furnace 2, and is used to heat the converter 1. Since the heating gas is a combustion gas, it contains coal ash and dust and ash. If the ash adheres to the outer surface of the inner cylinder 11, an error occurs between the temperature ΤΙ 1 to T3 2 ( Τη ) measured by the non-contact thermometer 126 and the actual furnace temperature. Therefore, the average enthalpy of the furnace shell temperature (converted shell temperature) is measured based on the total thermal elongation D obtained by the measuring mechanism 14 provided on the movable side end portion 13 of the inner cylinder 11 by -16 - 1341915. It is determined, and this number is compared with the average 値(Τη) of the furnace temperature T11 to T3 2 of the previous number, thereby detecting the state in which the ash adheres to the furnace shell. The total thermal elongation of the inner cylinder 11 is taken as D (mm, = ^ L), the length of the heated portion of the inner cylinder 11 is L (m), and the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the furnace material is a ( Mm/m · °C), the converted shell temperature Ts (°C) is represented by dividing the total heat elongation ratio D/L ( Δ L/L ) by the linear expansion coefficient α of the furnace material. for:
Ts=D/a L 在該經過轉換的殼溫度Ts與該平均溫度Τη之間的差 異被表示爲Ts = D / a L The difference between the converted shell temperature Ts and the average temperature Τη is expressed as
Tn=(D/aL)-Tn 且變得不小於一設定値的例子中，或在此狀態持續達一預 定的時間長度的例子中，即判斷灰燼黏附在該爐殼上。在 此例子中，壓縮空氣可從一設在該外筒12上的噴嘴127 (圖2)噴到該爐子內筒11的外表面上用以去除掉灰燼， 或產生一訊號來提示該爐子內筒11需要維修。 再者，在灰燼黏附到爐殼上的例子中，雖然根據非接 觸式溫度計126的平均溫度Τη低於根據爐子內筒11的總 伸長量之經過轉換的殻溫度Ts此差異並不會立即阻礙該 -17- 1341915 轉爐1的操作。因此，在溫度差△ T變得不小於該設定値 的例子中（或在此狀態持續一段預定的時間長度的例子 中），該平均殻溫度藉由使用該非接觸式溫度計的發射率 等等根據該溫度差ΔΤ加以校準，且被該加熱氣體量調節 閘門3或該抽風式風扇促使而流入該外筒12的加熱氣體 的量藉由使用該經過校準的平均殻溫度來加以控制，該轉 爐1的操作可藉此不中斷地持續下去。 而且，根據用來測量該內筒1 1的部分熱伸長量D 1， D2，D3的測量機構124的測量値，該部分的爐殻溫度 (經過轉換的部分爐殼溫度）即被決定，且該數値被拿來 與依據非接觸式溫度計126的爐殼溫度Τ11至Τ32相比較 (1所示的例子中，Τ11與Τ12的平均値爲Τ1，Τ21與 Τ22的平均値爲Τ2，Τ31與Τ32的平均値爲Τ3)，藉此 爐內筒11的每一個部分Ρ1，Ρ2及Ρ3的測量値的誤差及 黏灰狀態可被偵測出來。在部分熱伸長量D 1至D3中， D2及D3必需使用一數値，其係將實際測量到的位移減掉 在該固定側端部1 4上的部分熱伸長量D 1及D2所得到的 數値。 上述用來測量該內筒11的部分熱伸長量Dl，D2，D3 的測量機構124在本發明被實施於如圖4所示之其上設有 複數個在軸方向上具有不同的加熱溫度的區域的轉爐41 的例子中是特別有利的。下文中，第二實施例的轉爐4 1 係參照附圖來加以說明。因爲第二實施例的轉爐4 I具有 與第一實施例的轉爐1相同的基本架構，因此相同的標號 -18- 1341915 度比較的方法可同時被實施。 而且，在每一加熱氣體量調節閘門3 1至33 度都被保持一預定的比例的狀態下，該抽風式風 數可被控制使得任何區域的爐殼溫度，譬如位在 游側之出口區域Z3的爐殼溫度T3 (其爲T31及 均値）被保持在一預定的溫度範圍內。 以上所述爲本發明的實施例的描述。本發明 於以上所述的實施例，且各式的變化及修改可根 的技術槪念來達成。例如，在上述的實施例中， 設有六個非接觸式溫度計丨26及三個用來測量在 的部分熱伸長量的測量機構124。然而，這些元 可以被適當地設定而且，在第二實施例中，該轉 三個區域其具有在軸方向上不同的爐殼溫度。然 的數量並不偈限於三個，且每一區域的長度可以 的。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1爲一剖面圖其顯示依據本發明的第一實 熱式轉爐的配置； 圖2爲沿著圖1的A - A線所取的剖面圖 圖3爲一圖表，其顯示一外熱式轉爐的控制 圖4爲一剖面圖’其顯示依據本發明的第二 外熱式轉爐的配置。 的打開程 _ 4的轉 最遠的下 T32的平 並不侷限 據本發明 該轉爐上 軸方向上 件的數量 爐上設有 而，區域 是不相同 施例之外 ;及 實施例之 -20- 1341915 【主要元件符號說明】 I :外熱式轉爐 II :內筒 1 2 :外筒 1 3 :可活動側端部 10 :螺旋輸送器 1 3 1 :環形架 1 3 2 :支撐件 1 3 0 :安裝表面 1 4 :固定側單部 1 3 3 :擴張件 1 1 4 :測量機構 1 2 0 :分隔壁 1 2 1 :加熱氣體輸送部 122 :加熱氣體輸送部 1 2 3 :觀看玻璃 124 :測量機構 D 1 :部分熱伸長量 D2 :部分熱伸長量 D3 :部分熱伸長量 P 1 :指針 P2 :指針 P 3 :指針 1 2 5 :視窗 -21 - 1341915 1 2 6 :非接觸式溫度計 ΤΙ 1-T32 :爐殻溫度 5 :溫度控制機構 50 :選擇器開關 5 1 :平均處理 PV :處理値 S V :設定値 52 :延遲處理 3 :加熱氣體量調節閘門 54 :延遲處理 4 :抽風式風扇 7 1 :乾燥的爛泥 7 2 :碳化物 1 5 :瀉槽 73 :熱分解氣體 21:加熱氣體輸送管 Τη :平均値 1 27 :噴嘴 △ Τ :溫度差 4 1 :轉爐 42 :分隔壁 4 3 :分隔壁 Ζ1 :區域 Ζ2 :區域 -22 1341915In the example where Tn = (D / aL) - Tn and becomes not less than a set 値, or in the case where the state continues for a predetermined length of time, it is judged that the ash adheres to the furnace shell. In this example, compressed air may be sprayed from the nozzle 127 (Fig. 2) provided on the outer cylinder 12 to the outer surface of the inner cylinder 11 for removing ash or generating a signal to indicate the inside of the furnace. The cartridge 11 needs to be repaired. Further, in the example in which the ash adheres to the furnace shell, although the average temperature Τη according to the non-contact thermometer 126 is lower than the converted shell temperature Ts according to the total elongation of the inner cylinder 11 of the furnace, the difference does not immediately hinder The operation of the -17-1341915 converter 1. Therefore, in the example where the temperature difference Δ T becomes not less than the set 値 (or in the case where the state continues for a predetermined length of time), the average case temperature is determined by using the emissivity of the non-contact thermometer or the like. The temperature difference ΔΤ is calibrated, and the amount of heating gas that is caused by the heated gas amount adjusting gate 3 or the ventilating fan to flow into the outer cylinder 12 is controlled by using the calibrated average case temperature, the converter 1 The operation can be continued without interruption. Moreover, according to the measurement enthalpy of the measuring mechanism 124 for measuring the partial thermal elongation D 1, D2, D3 of the inner cylinder 11 , the furnace shell temperature (the converted partial furnace shell temperature) of the portion is determined, and The number is compared with the case temperature Τ11 to Τ32 according to the non-contact thermometer 126 (in the example shown in Fig. 1, the average 値11 and Τ12 are Τ1, and the average 値21 and Τ22 are Τ2, Τ31 and The average 値 of Τ32 is Τ3), whereby the error of the measurement 及 and the state of adhesion of each of the Ρ1, Ρ2 and Ρ3 of the inner cylinder 11 can be detected. In the partial thermal elongations D 1 to D3, it is necessary to use a number 値 for D2 and D3, which is obtained by subtracting the actually measured displacement from the partial thermal elongations D 1 and D 2 on the fixed side end portion 14 . The number of 値. The measuring mechanism 124 for measuring the partial thermal elongations D1, D2, D3 of the inner cylinder 11 is provided in the present invention as shown in FIG. 4, and is provided with a plurality of heating temperatures having different heating temperatures in the axial direction. An example of a converter 41 in the region is particularly advantageous. Hereinafter, the converter 4 1 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. Since the converter 4 I of the second embodiment has the same basic structure as that of the converter 1 of the first embodiment, the same method of comparison of the numbers -18 - 1341915 can be simultaneously carried out. Further, in a state where each of the heated gas amount adjusting gates 31 to 33 degrees is maintained at a predetermined ratio, the draft type of wind can be controlled so that the temperature of the shell in any region, such as the exit side of the swim side The furnace shell temperature T3 of Z3 (which is T31 and uniform) is maintained within a predetermined temperature range. The above is a description of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention has been achieved in the above-described embodiments, and various variations and modifications are possible. For example, in the above embodiment, six non-contact thermometers 26 and three measuring mechanisms 124 for measuring the amount of thermal elongation at the portion are provided. However, these elements can be appropriately set and, in the second embodiment, the three regions of the turn have furnace shell temperatures which are different in the axial direction. The number is not limited to three, and the length of each area is ok. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a first actual heat type converter according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of FIG. Figure 4 showing a control of an external thermal converter. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a second external thermal converter in accordance with the present invention. The opening of the lowermost T32 of the opening process _4 is not limited to the number of upper parts of the upper shaft of the converter according to the present invention, and the area is different from the embodiment; and the embodiment -20 - 1341915 [Explanation of main component symbols] I : External thermal converter II : Inner cylinder 1 2 : Outer cylinder 1 3 : Movable side end 10 : Screw conveyor 1 3 1 : Ring frame 1 3 2 : Support 1 3 0: mounting surface 1 4 : fixed side single part 1 3 3 : expansion piece 1 1 4 : measuring mechanism 1 2 0 : partition wall 1 2 1 : heating gas conveying part 122 : heating gas conveying part 1 2 3 : viewing glass 124 : Measuring mechanism D 1 : Partial thermal elongation D2 : Partial thermal elongation D3 : Partial thermal elongation P 1 : Pointer P2 : Pointer P 3 : Pointer 1 2 5 : Window 21 - 1341915 1 2 6 : Non-contact thermometer ΤΙ 1-T32 : Shell temperature 5 : Temperature control mechanism 50 : Selector switch 5 1 : Average processing PV : Process 値 SV : Setting 値 52 : Delay processing 3 : Heating gas amount adjustment gate 54 : Delay processing 4 : Extraction type Fan 7 1 : Dry sludge 7 2 : Carbide 1 5 : Erosion tank 73 : Thermal decomposition gas 21 : Heating gas delivery pipe Τ : Average 127: nozzle △ Τ: temperature difference 41: converter 42: partition 43: partition wall Ζ1: region Ζ2: region -221341915
Z3 :區域 3 1 :加熱氣體量調節閘門 3 2 :加熱氣體量調節閘門 3 3 :加熱氣體量調節閘門 Tsl :經過轉換的殻溫度 Ts2 :經過轉換的殼溫度 Ts3 :經過轉換的殼溫度 -23-Z3 : Zone 3 1 : Heating gas amount adjustment gate 3 2 : Heating gas amount adjustment gate 3 3 : Heating gas amount adjustment gate Tsl : Converted case temperature Ts2 : Converted case temperature Ts3 : Converted case temperature -23 -