TWI238589B - High step-up converter with coupled-inductor by way of bi-direction energy transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of this invention is to develop a high step-up converter with coupled-inductor by way of bi-direction energy transmission. A conventional boost converter including a single inductor is the common usual. However, the main switch in this circuit must possess the power capability of high voltage and large current, and it has the problem of reverse-recovery within the output diode. As a result, the conversion efficiency is degraded, and the voltage gain is limited. For the boost converter scheme with a transformer, the step-up range is also limited by the turn ratio, and the conversion efficiency is difficult to improve without handling the leakage energy efficiently. In the proposed high step-up converter, the utilization of a coupled inductor with a lower-voltage-rated switch is used for raising the voltage gain whether the switch is turned on or turned off. Moreover, a passive regenerative snubber is utilized for absorbing the energy of stray inductances so that the duty cycle can be operated under a wide range, and the associated voltage gain is higher than the turn ratio of the transformer. In addition, the capacity of the transformer core can be performed adequately by way of bi-direction energy transmission. Furthermore, this scheme has the voltage-clamped property so that it can select low-voltage low-conduction-loss devices and there are lower reverse-recovery currents within the diodes in this circuit. From the numerical simulation and experimental results, the proposed converter topology can promote the voltage gain of a conventional boost converter with a single inductor, and deal with the problem of the leakage inductor and demagnetization of transformer for a coupled-inductor-based converter. Therefore, the proposed six converter topologies in the invention have favorable voltage-clamped effect, superior voltage gain and conversion efficiency. The high-efficiency, high step-up converter can be used for transforming low-voltage sources to high-voltage applications, such as conventional batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaic and wind energy, to further increase the energy utility rate.

Description

1238589 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] Many power supply applications, such as gas discharge headlamps, high-voltage DC busbars of inverters in uninterruptible power systems, wideband traveling wave tube amplifiers, etc., all require high voltage DC power supply generally uses batteries as the source of power; on the other hand, clean energy power generation systems, such as solar, wind and fuel cells, are usually lower voltage DC power sources, so high efficiency DC / DC converters with high boost ratios The device is a necessary front-end energy conversion mechanism. The high step-up converter using double-inductive energy transfer to the magnetic circuit of the present invention can convert: (1) traditional storage batteries and clean energy power generation systems into high-voltage DC power supply systems, which greatly improves energy utilization and Increase the stability of power supply; (2) After rectifying the mains power to DC power, use this creation to step up to a volt-level DC power system, or adjust the DC voltage to provide back-end power circuits and improve power quality. The technical field covered by the present invention includes the fields of power electronics, DC / DC converter technology and energy technology. Although the technical field involved in the present invention is wide, it is mainly based on the use of coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer and voltage clamp system Technology, to improve the components used in conventional high-boost converters must withstand the stress of both sides of the voltage and current, so that its capacity cannot be fully used and the conversion efficiency is inadequate. [Prior technology] As shown in Figure 2 (a), the conventional traditional boost converter circuit is used to adjust the duty cycle of the switch to increase the input voltage level. When the power semiconductor switch of the conventional step-up converter is turned off, the voltage across the two terminals is the same as the output side voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to select a power 1238589 semiconductor switch with a withstand voltage greater than or equal to the output side voltage. If a MOSFET element is used, its characteristics Contains large on-resistance (RDS (0N)), naturally resulting in higher on-conduction loss. In addition, the output diode in the conventional boost converter has the problem of reverse-recovery. When the power semiconductor switch is turned on, the output diode must almost establish a reverse bias voltage with a surge current. Current flows through the power semiconductor switch, causing serious switching losses, so that its conversion efficiency is not good. However, due to its simple structure and low cost, it is widely used in the industry, such as Power Factor Correction ^ PFC, when the boost ratio is not high and efficiency is not critical. ’At present, the second conventional boost architecture is to use a transformer. The biggest advantage of this circuit is that it can isolate the high and low-side circuits. Generally, the most commonly used transformer DC / DC conversion device is a step-down converter. The advantage is that low conduction loss components can be used on the low voltage side. When the high voltage side switch is turned off, it will not be directly caused by the switch / ¾ leakage current. Passed to the low-voltage side, causing the components of the low-voltage side circuit to breakdown due to voltage over south. However, the balance control of the excitation current and the energy treatment of leakage inductance are problems to be overcome. In addition, transformers also exist when applied to the lifting structure _ in many disadvantages, such as the highest voltage gain is equal to the number of turns, the output rectifier diodes bear at least twice the output voltage stress, so that the cushioning circuit is an indispensable device . What does isolation mean for a boost circuit? If the initiative of the circuit lies on the low-voltage side, in other words, the control circuit can control the system voltage, and the on-control relationship uses voltage clamping technology to use a lower-voltage rated power semiconductor switch, then do you still need isolation? Therefore, various circles have researched and developed non-isolated voltage boosting architecture, and conventionally used a coupled inductive booster circuit. As shown in Figure 2 (b), it has a flyback high boost ratio characteristic when it is the same as 7 1238589. Because the coupling inductor is a non-isolated boost architecture, the primary circuit can assist boost, and the boost ratio and output power are better than the flyback circuit. However, when the circuit in Figure 2 (b) turns off, the surge voltage generated by the leakage inductance must be equipped with a damping circuit to consume its energy and avoid damage caused by the overvoltage of the switch, so its conversion efficiency is not good. Therefore, many experts and scholars have proposed high-efficiency boost converter technologies (such as the papers listed in the following remarks) to improve the shortcomings of the traditional boost converters, which can be roughly divided into four categories: · The first type: flexible switching technology

Reference [1] utilizes the resonance characteristics of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor and the parasitic capacitance or output capacitance (general output capacitance) of the switch. At the lowest point of the resonance voltage, the switch is turned on to solve the reverse recovery current of the diode. The problem is that the switching loss is greatly reduced, and the single switch architecture has a light load efficiency of more than 97%. The switching voltage to waveform of FIG. 11 (f) of the present invention also has a similar flexible switching function. Reference [1] Many shortcomings: (1) the switch must still bear the voltage and current of the high and low voltage sides; (2) the switch capacity utilization is low, and the TO-247 switch is used to pack the capacity, but only 200W output, obviously the architecture The high efficiency characteristics cannot be performed under higher loads; (3) the inductor current ripple and switching losses are high; (4) the input voltage is only increased by 50%, and the boost ratio is low; (5) the frequency conversion control, will The flexible switching effect of the complicated driving circuit and the heavy load is limited. General resonant circuits are susceptible to changes in load and inductance-capacitance parameters. At the same time, large switching current ripples will increase additional conduction losses. Reference [2] has an output power of 1.6 kW, and the conversion efficiency is higher than that of the previous literature. However, this circuit needs to be equipped with an auxiliary switch, and the control circuit is more complicated. The voltage difference between the output 400V and the input 300V 1238589 is not high and the on-current is low. Therefore, flexible switching will be the key technology to achieve efficient conversion. Generally speaking, as long as the reverse recovery current of the diode is effectively dealt with, the non-isolated architecture converter with high input voltage and low boost ratio has a short switch-on time, which means that only the energy difference between the output and input It is provided by the switch, the relative switch conduction loss is small, and theoretically can greatly improve the conversion efficiency. Basically, the most important thing for flexible switching is to deal with the loss of short-circuit current of the parasitic capacitance of the switch when the switch is on. If the reverse recovery current part of the diode is not considered, most of the switching loss of the switching MOSFET is equal to $ 0. 5 乂 (^ 以 [1 ], Where /; is the switching frequency, is the switching voltage, and Q is the switching parasitic capacitance. If the voltage at both ends of the switch is less than 50V before the switch is turned on, the proportion of the switching loss in the total loss is greatly reduced. Voltage range operation has limited benefits for improving conversion efficiency. Type II: Transformer boost reference [3] The use of transformers with flexible switching technology can achieve a maximum efficiency of 97.5%, but the boost ratio is less than three times and is much lower. Because the switch bears the same voltage as the output voltage, the transformer does not take full advantage of the isolation characteristics to apply to power semiconductor switches with low conduction loss on the low side. Type III: Coupling Inductor Architecture References [4] The problem of leakage inductance energy has been successfully dealt with, and the effect of switching voltage clamping has been achieved. The clamping capacitor is used to absorb the low voltage side. This capacitor helps to improve the voltage gain at the same time when the leakage inductance is instantaneous. On the other hand, in the clamp mode, the voltage to which the switch is subjected is lower than the output voltage. At rated power output, 1238589 still shows good conversion efficiency, which is a big step for high efficiency and high boost ratio converter. Subsequent references [5] describe the reference [4] architecture when the switch is turned on 'high voltage The side diode needs to withstand the reverse bias voltage of 匕 + 〃 'and ^ is the output voltage and / 2 is the turns ratio). It must be used in conjunction with a damping circuit to eliminate the surge voltage caused by leakage inductance. The output voltage and high turns ratio are more obvious than the architecture. In reference [5], the former output capacitance was adjusted to the secondary side high-voltage loop, which effectively reduced the reverse bias voltage of the diode, but it is undeniable that the cushioning circuit could not be dropped. The fourth type ·· Multiple series boost on the secondary side _ Reference [6] uses a two-stage or single-stage architecture, flexible switching, and transformer boost to obtain high voltage gain. After the secondary side rectification of the transformer, multiple sets of windings are connected in series to obtain a high-voltage output of 3.2 kV, which is mainly a power supply for communication satellites. There is a similar circuit connection method in reference [5]. Due to the use of flexible switching characteristics, it effectively deals with the reverse recovery current of the high-side diode, so the conversion efficiency is very high. The input voltage is 26V-44V. When the rated load is 150W, the minimum efficiency is 94.1%. In other words, it is a classic. Further analysis, in fact, 3.2kV is the secondary side multi-winding voltage string _ connection can be increased to this range, if the maximum output voltage of a single winding is only 750V. The main architecture uses four switches, three inductors, and a transformer. The auxiliary switch measures the highest voltage of 150V, and the actual voltage is 250V-23A. The main switch measures the highest voltage of 120V, and the voltage is 200V-100A. All four TO-247 switches are used, but the output power is only 150W, and the capacity of the components is not fully used. However, the architecture is used for communication satellites, and efficiency is the primary consideration. Comprehensively observe the references listed in the prior art and other coupled inductor architectures, and the voltage waveforms across the switches, such as Fig. 15 in reference [1] and Fig. 19 in reference [12] in [12]. ; 51 ^ D voltage waveform, there is a surge voltage at the moment of cutoff, its voltage exceeds the normal cross-over voltage by more than half, the switching voltage specifications must be increased, or even higher than the output voltage. Based on the manufacturing characteristics of M0SFET, the increase ratio will be much higher than the voltage increase. Generally speaking, the on-state loss of m0SFET is proportional to the square of the current, and the high-load conduction loss of ^ 〇! 51 ^ 1 will be lower than IGBT power semiconductor switches, so some high-efficiency circuits can only perform at light loads. This is the general researcher's strengths to avoid their weaknesses. The switching surge voltages presented in References [1] and [5] are caused by the current flowing through the inductors inside the line and components when the primary side of the coupled inductor is turned off, and the instantaneous current changes. The solution must be in parallel with the damping circuit on both sides of the switch, and the shorter the flow through circuit, the better. This path must have both low skin effect and mutual inductance value, so that the low-conductance switch with lower voltage can be effectively used, so the efficiency is high. South boost ratio device, voltage clamping technology is far more important than the flexible switching mechanism. In addition, the above coupling circuit has overcome the influence of leakage inductance, but has not further solved the problem of voltage clamping of the high-side diode. Secondly, the secondary side winding has only the early direction current 'and the core utilization rate is low. Red summarizes the lack of previous 鬲 boost ratio converter technology: (丨) the field of resonance circuit _ should be used in high input voltage architecture; (2) the switching capacity is not fully utilized; (3) can not be at the same time in high The voltage clamping of all components on the low-voltage side has failed to make full use of the characteristics of the excitation current and induced current of the transformer; (5) the conversion efficiency cannot be fully improved; (6) the existing architecture can achieve high efficiency and high boost ratio at the same time Contribution month b, (7) Complex architecture or control. The purpose of this creation is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings one by one to achieve the purpose of achieving a high-efficiency high-boost converter device. Under the premise of the same turn ratio and duty cycle, the voltage gain ratio is higher than the previous structure, and even 1238589 cannot Literature search for the same technique. In addition, the following description also reveals that this creation still has the characteristics of efficient conversion. Note: References 1 · D · C. Lu, D · KW Cheng, and Y. S · Lee, "A single-switch continuous-conduction-mode boost converter with reduced reverse-recovery and switching losses / 9 IEEE on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50? Pp. 767-776, 2003. · 2. CMC Duarte, and I. Barbi? UAn improved family of ZVS-PWM active-clamping DC-to-DC converters / 5 IEEE on Power Electronics, vol 17? Pp. 1-7, 2002. 3. E. S. da Silva, L. dos Reis Barbosa, J. B. Vieira, Jr., L. C. de

Freitas, and VJ Farias5 uAn improved boost PWM soft-single-switched converter with low voltage and current stresses 9 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, voL 48, pp · 1174-1179, 200L Siam 4. Q. Zhao, and FC Lee, "High-efficiency, high step-up DC-DC converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol · 18, pp · 65-73, 2003. 5. KC Tseng, and TJ Liang, "Novel high-efficiency step- up converter, "IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, vol. 151, pp. 182-190, 2004. 6. I. Barbi, and R. Gules," Isolated DC-DC converters with high-output voltage for TWTA telecommunication satellite 1238589 applicationsZ , IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 18, pp · 975-984, 2003. The following compares and compares the high-efficiency boost converter technology of the aforementioned references to further highlight the "two-way magnetic circuit energy using coupled inductors" of the present invention. The technical reference index of the technology breakthrough of "high boost ratio converter of transfer".

References Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Capacity Maximum Conversion Efficiency Voltage Gain and Multiple Switch Use Specifications or Waveforms Southernmost Voltage Comparison Comparison [1] 100V 150V 200W 97.4% 1.5 500V / 14A Advantages: Flexible switching Disadvantages: Boost ratio Low and large inductance capacity [2] 300V 400V 1.6kW 98,3% 1.3 500V / 20A Advantages: Flexible switching Disadvantages: Low boost ratio and high clamping voltage [3] 80V 200V 400W 97.5% 2.5 400V / 10A Advantages: Disadvantages of flexible switching: up to four times the boost ratio [4] 48V 1 75V 380V lkW 92.3% (75V-lkW) ^ ^ nD Ciy — y 1-D 8.0 250V / 14A 4 advantages in parallel · Simple structure and use Disadvantages of low conduction loss parts: Diodes need to be equipped with damping circuits [5] 12V 42V 35W 93% F 1-Z) 3.5 30V Advantages: Diodes with lower voltage specifications Disadvantages: Diodes still need to be equipped with damping Circuit [6] 26V 1 44V Southmost single 750V 150W 94.7% 28.8 200V- 100A * 2 250V- 23A * 2 Advantages: Flexible switching, high efficiency, high boost ratio Disadvantage: high cost, complicated architecture, original creation 12V 1 40V 400V 370W 97.8% (Input 24V) v \ -D 33.0 8〇ν-71Α- / 2 Λ4Α: The highest cross-voltage of the switch is 55V 13 1238589 [Summary of the invention] The block diagram of the first preferred embodiment of the "high step-up ratio converter using two-way magnetic circuit energy transfer using coupled inductors" disclosed in the present invention is shown in Figure 丨. ^ DC voltage of the two input circuits 101 ~, power semiconductance at the primary side circuit 102 = when the switch e is on, 'current stores energy in the coupled inductor ^ primary side lease A, and secondary side circuit 104 The secondary winding of the coupled inductor ^ is: and the current is conducted to the loop, the induced voltage Vi2 (the polarity point is positive at this time), a clamp capacitor voltage of the regenerative passive damping circuit 103 is connected in series, and the power semiconductor switch is passed e and the discharge diode are two circuits. The secondary side circuit 104 is high-voltage electricity (charge current is -ii2). When the power semiconductor switch decelerates momentarily, the current of the secondary circuit 102 leaves the power semiconductor 0 switch, and the second pole of the regenerative passive slow circuit 103 flows into the clamping capacitor of the circuit ^. The secondary-side winding of the light-closing inductor is to be 'excited according to the flux-theorem theorem'. The primary side is excited; the current turns the secondary-side current to m-wave electric current, 5% of the entire red pole body, and is injected into the circuit's it-wave capacitor q 'to obtain a stable DC. The voltage output circuit 106 connects the load core to the inverter. The circuit sequence and operation mode of the "high-rise # voltage ratio converter using light-duty inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer" disclosed in the present invention are as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 respectively. = Profits: Figures 3 and 4 detail the working principle of this creation. At the same time, in order to make the description easy to understand, the proper term is not too verbose. The affiliated pattern diagram is based. The following content to the control function section, the circuit attribution (such as .. circuit igi) is omitted, and it can be understood by directly comparing the description of the mode. Mode 1: time hi); switch e is turned on for a period of time 1238589 coupling inductance 7;-times The current & of the side winding A is composed of the primary side induction current ^ and: the motor. Primary-side induction current (from the ideal transformer induction ^ secondary winding ... the secondary-side induction current G and the excitation current excite the electricity "produced" are mainly stored when the switch 2 is turned on, and then transferred to the secondary winding & At this time, the above three currents (,, and L all flow to switch 0, where the secondary winding & the induced polarity point is a positive voltage, and the series voltage of the passive capacitor clamped by the passive damping circuit. Switch 2 and discharge-pole body A charge the high-voltage capacitor q of the secondary circuit. This path is the key technology to achieve bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer. During this period, the current of switch 2 is equal to inch ζ · “η2. Current. Stores energy for the inductor, the current gradually rises from small, and the slope of the waveform is positive; at the moment when the switch is turned on, the high-voltage capacitor q charging current k of the secondary circuit is a peak value of one cycle, and decreases m times as the capacitor voltage gradually rises. The side induced current 纟 is generated, and its value is amplified by l in proportion to the turns ratio, and the current 纟 waveform is sloped ^ is negative. Therefore, the current of the primary side winding A / £ 1 is the sum of 纟 and ', and two complementary characteristics The current l approaches the square wave; similarly, the preceding item plus the secondary-side induced current l (high voltage and small current) is equal to the switch e current, and its waveform is close to the square wave. The current waveform of the square wave has two meanings: First, the ripple of the current waveform flowing through Switch 2 becomes low, and the conduction loss of the switch is proportional to the square of the current. It is assumed that the square sum of the square wave current is less than the sum of the square wave current at the same average current. Causes the conduction loss of the switch ρ to be much lower than the high ripple current. The second point is that the current ^ and the current. The waveform slopes of the two are opposite, and a lower excitation inductance An can be accepted, which represents the number of turns of the primary winding A and the core capacity of the coupled inductor r. Significantly reduced, the copper loss and core loss caused by the high current on the primary side are also reduced in steps of 15 1238589. Mode 2 · Time h S); Switch e triggers the signal cut-off moment 戸 关 觎 觎 觎 but lack 冼 丄 a 0 days / ,,

The voltage vn can be regarded as a stable low-ripple DC voltage, which has a high-frequency response to the capacitor, so it is to ensure the maximum value of the switching voltage. In addition, the clamping diode must be a fast conducting diode, and its withstand voltage specification is the same as that of the switch 2. Therefore, a Schottky diode with low power consumption and low on voltage is the best choice. Mode 3: Time dagger ― 〖3); Secondary-side current l turns After releasing the leakage inductance energy of the secondary-side winding z2, the current L decreases to φ order over time, and the primary-side exciting current. The energy is released, and the secondary current k is induced to rise ten times slowly to flow out of the non-polar point. The secondary-side current L applies a reverse recovery current to the discharge diode A to establish its reverse bias voltage ~, which forces the reverse parasitic voltage of the rectified diode% of the tear wave circuit to gradually release to zero. . The sum of the currents of the two diodes /) 2 and% is equal to the secondary side current k. At the same time, the leakage inductance of the secondary side winding A will limit the current change rate and the secondary side circuit must have a small current characteristic. Therefore, the reverse recovery current and The forward current is small. In addition, since two diodes A and% are connected in series between the filter capacitor c of the filter circuit and the clamp capacitor 16 1238589, basically the sum of the two voltages is equal to the output voltage c minus the clamp capacitor C and the voltage Vci, Therefore, it has a voltage clamping effect. Its withstand voltage specification is lower than the output voltage. When the output silent voltage is less than ¥, the base diode can be directly used. Type 4: Time energy is transferred to the output terminal. When the reverse parasitic voltage of the rectified diode% of the wave circuit is released to zero and turned on, the discharge diode A is turned off. DC power supply voltage ~, generated by primary-side excitation current ^-secondary-side electricity Mvii, secondary-side winding circuit connected in series to piezo-capacitor voltage Ve2 ', low-current type is applied to the wave capacitor ^^ and supplies the load of the DC output circuit ~. The excitation energy is based on the magnetic flux / 疋. After the leakage inductance energy is exhausted, the inductance [is still there—the current will be provided in the secondary circuit for a period of time. The primary side will charge the clamping capacitor. Then the filter circuit and the DC output circuit are in the middle of the fourth phase of the high-voltage capacitor q voltage ~ because of continuous discharge, the capacitor C and the voltage v are simultaneously hit. It rises after long-term charging, and the clamping diode is reversed. At this time, the primary current / tl is equal to the secondary current. · Mode 5: time (, 4—, 5); switch 0 is turned on instantaneously and switch e is turned on instantaneously (, = 0, because clamping diode A is a low-voltage Schottky diode, switch 2 is turned on immediately and reverse biased lightning is turned on immediately ~ m ,, h sense wide side leakage inductance 'Limit ^ ;, L " The current k from the V machine to the primary side leakage inductance needs time to drop to zero. The two leakage inductance currents are pinned by each other, and the lightning, and hanging diodes A reverse bias without reverse recovery = 1 road ===: The circuit, the second-wire circuit and the ㈣diode 'one or two' are non-current, which naturally forms the zero-current switching characteristic (zcs). At this time, the circuit current is still lacking dimensions. … Wait for the flow direction on the exit side, but it is gradually decreasing, so Ben 17 1238589 has a flexible switching characteristic when switching on to reduce switching losses. Mode 6: Time (, 5-,.); Secondary side current l turns to leakage inductance energy After the release (0 = / 5), the secondary current l of the coupling inductor Γ is turned and flows into the switch 2. The reverse current is applied to the rectifier diode of the filter circuit with a small current, and the discharge diode a is guided at the same time. Continuity. When the discharge diode A is turned on instantaneously (, w.), A switching cycle is completed, and then the working mode returns to the mode one. [Formula derivation] Let the coupling inductor 7; the primary winding Zι and the secondary winding & turns ratio 〃 =, the coupling coefficient 々 is defined as k-LJ {Lk ^ Lm) ⑴ An is the excitation inductance (also known as mutual inductance) , 々 is-secondary winding & leakage inductance. When the power semiconductor switch ρ is turned on, the equivalent voltage of the primary excitation inductance & is

^ (2X and the primary side winding & the positive voltage at the polarity point L is' 2 = nvu =: nkV! N (3) the voltage induced by the human side winding ~ series-regenerative passive damping circuit: the control valley C, Voltage of the secondary circuit high voltage capacitor q, so the voltage of the high voltage capacitor c2 is

Vc2 ^^-+ V- (4) 5 = 2 When wearing, the leakage inductance of the primary circuit continues to flow to the regenerative passive, clamping capacitor of the friendly circuit, until the secondary side current reacts to the magnetoelectric red 18 1238589 Energy 'is based on the secondary-side pressure reduction U pressure balance theory, and its material period β η one one_ one. Ν. ▲ ▲

Dl ^ tL / Ts = 2 (lD) / (n + l) Wt where A is the switching cycle 'Z) is the switching duty cycle Λ Q is the sum of the two-inch and two-inch modes, in other words, the primary side Winding leakage inductance ⑶ the time required to discharge energy, so leakage inductance I, voltage to release energy ~ (voltage close to open is positive) ”2 (1,-(6) voltage of excitation inductance \ (close to switch 2 contact Is positive) is equal to (7), so the voltage VC1 of the clamping capacitor Cl can be expressed as follows

Vci ^ VLk ^ VLm ^ VIN -Vin ^ D (\-k) {n- \) ~ 2 {\-D) —

DS ⑻ At the same time, U is the voltage to which switch ⑽ is subjected. Therefore, equation (4) can be rewritten as vC2 = [. + L ± »zl)] Fw (9) Tian switch 0 cut-off inch '| Ma He inductor Γ secondary side winding ^ at the non-polar point, the voltage is positive , Its value is vi2 = knvLm = Dkn VIN / (1-D) at this time the voltage (10)

Cl outputs DC voltage ^ VC2 and VZ2, discharge filter capacitor Q and load core, and input v0 = vcx + vC2 + νΛ2 ί-Z) Take (Π) Therefore, the converter voltage gain can be expressed as GV] = ^ -= --N ^ + D (l ~ k) (n ^ 1),

VlN U 1 1 Z) (12) 19 1238589

When the coupling coefficient & = 1 is substituted into equation (12) and the turns ratios are 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively, the duty cycle i) and the converter voltage gain curve are shown in Figure 5 (a). Then the data in the above figure is fixed to a ratio of "2 to 6", and the vehicle combination coefficient M is gradually increased to 1, and the duty cycle D and the converter voltage gain Gn curve are plotted, as shown in Figure 5 (b). Show. According to the two figures, the analysis of the coupling coefficient "has a limited effect on the voltage gain center, so the coupling coefficient can be set to 1, which is beneficial for analyzing the characteristics of the inverter. When the combined coefficient & is equal to 1, the second term of equation (12) is zero, and the converter voltage gain can be simplified to _V0 _ 2-l · η. If the duty cycle is set to 0.5, divide equation (13) The voltage gain equations with references [4] and [5], which happen to be two, indicate that the original voltage gain will be two times higher than those in references [4] and [5]. Figure 5 (a) shows the voltage gain curve of the "high boost ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer" disclosed by the present invention, and the solid line is the voltage gain curve of the conventional coupled inductor circuit (Figure 2 ( b)), under the same turns ratio condition, the boost ratio of this creation is higher than the conventional coupled inductor circuit and references, especially the smaller the duty cycle, the larger the gap, which proves that this creation has a wider responsibility Cycle adjustment space. For example, W = 6, Z) = 0.8, you can get 40 times the voltage gain output. Substituting the coupling coefficient * equal to 1 into equation (8) can be simplified to vDS = ViN / (lD) (14) Substituting into equation (13) can obtain the voltage value that the switch withstands as follows: vDS = V0 / (n- ^ 2) (15) Observing equation (15), the output voltage G and the turns ratio 〃 are fixed. The voltage on switch 2 is independent of the input voltage 'and the duty cycle β, so it can ensure the highest voltage that the semiconductor switching element can withstand. Is a fixed value. As long as the input voltage is not higher than the withstand voltage of switch 2, the converter designed according to equation (15), with the characteristics of the original high voltage gain ratio, can accept high and low voltage wide range input voltages, such as solar and wind power. Motors and fuel cells. In addition, a DC energy storage device can be used to boost and regulate the voltage to provide inverters, AC-DC motor control devices, front-end power supplies, or directly applied circuit devices as emergency power supplies or power conditioning devices that maintain high power quality. The present invention is based on domestic and foreign literature and conventional circuits to improve the original appeal and control efficiency of the prior art as follows: 1. The coupled inductor only needs a low turn ratio and a duty cycle with ample adjustment to output a high voltage gain. The turns ratio of the coupled inductor is too high. When winding the coil, the primary and secondary sides of the winding cannot be tightly coupled, and the coupling coefficient decreases accordingly, reducing the output voltage. Secondly, when the switch is turned on, the secondary coil voltage is reverse biased. This voltage is proportional to the DC input voltage multiplied by the turns ratio. The rectifier diode must withstand this voltage plus the high voltage value of the output circuit. Although the turn ratio is increased, a lower switching clamping voltage and a wider duty cycle control can be obtained, but the problem of withstand voltage on the high voltage side diode is not easy to handle, not to mention the surge voltage from the high voltage side winding during switching. ingredient. In addition, when the duty cycle is too low, the inductor current is in discontinuous mode, and the switching ripple increases, which indicates that the current has a sawtooth waveform. For example, the MOSFET switch on-state loss is proportional to the square of the current, so compared to the square wave current, it also supplies power. Under the conditions, the sawtooth current waveform easily causes higher switching losses. The duty cycle is close to one time, although the switch conduction loss can be improved, but the voltage and current stress on the high-voltage side diode will be severely tested. First, there is very little time to transfer the full capacity. 21 1238589 The diode must withstand the instantaneous high current ^ Second, the surge voltage problem described in the previous paragraph, so the switching responsibility period is too high, the capacity of the diode must be increased, and the loss will increase. . All in all, raising the turns ratio to obtain a high boost ratio will have a severe test. 2. The regenerative passive cushioning circuit can absorb the inductance energy of the line, make the wiring easy, and benefit the industrial utilization. The snubber circuits currently used in the literature are roughly divided into passive (composed of capacitors, resistors and diodes), active (additional auxiliary switches, capacitors and diodes ¥ and regenerative passive ( Passive Regenerative (capacitance and diode) mainly absorbs the energy that affects the voltage clamping inductance and the reverse recovery current of the diode. The capacitive energy of the passive damping circuit is all consumed by the resistor, so the efficiency is the worst. Active damping The circuit needs additional switches and control circuits. At the same time, the internal circulation is another problem to be overcome. Regenerative passive damping circuits first absorb the energy that affects voltage clamping, and then use the original circuit characteristics to send to the output. The required circuit components are minimal. With only a small increase in switching loss, another booster auxiliary circuit can be achieved, which has the highest efficiency. Φ Switching circuits have a high instantaneous current change rate, which is generally the main cause of surge voltage. Because power is the product of voltage and current, The current input in the low-voltage DC power supply is particularly high, so as long as some stray inductance is present Surge voltage. Stray inductance mainly comes from improper mutual inductance in wiring, inductance in wires and equivalent inductance inside components. Surge voltage will be directly reflected on both sides of the switch and burned out. In order to protect the switch, it is connected in parallel at the nearest two terminals. Capacitors can achieve the voltage clamping effect. In addition, after these surge currents are quickly guided to the regenerative passive cushioning circuit, the output circuit is free of high charging current and 22 1238589 ripple voltage, achieving the purpose of double suppression of surges. Therefore, no matter how large the line inductance is, it will not affect the clamping effect. Generally speaking, it is a practically challenging issue to achieve high current and low mutual inductance wiring. This circuit will effectively reduce the influence of line mutual inductance. 3. The energy absorbed by the regenerative passive damping circuit capacitor can be reused for boosting, no circulating current problem, and further achieve the purpose of voltage clamping. This creation not only sends the energy of the damping circuit out of the output, but also loops into the voltage clamping loop in the process, further Depress the voltage that the switch needs to withstand, while providing the key architecture of the secondary side-wound bidirectional current loop 4. The voltage required by the switch has nothing to do with the input voltage, and is suitable for DC power conversion devices with high voltage fluctuation ranges. This creation is derived by formula and verified by experiments. The voltage required by the switch depends on the output voltage and the turns ratio. Under load changes, the maximum withstand voltage of the switch is about 55V, so it has nothing to do with the input voltage and duty cycle ratio. Don't worry about the clamping voltage will overvoltage during the change of input voltage and duty cycle adjustment and cause switch damage. Of course the necessary condition is DC The input voltage cannot be higher than the withstand voltage of the switch. Φ 5. All diodes can achieve the voltage clamping function, without the problem of diode short-circuit current and reverse high recovery current when the switch is on. The discharge used in regenerative passive damping circuit The two ends of the pole body are respectively connected to the clamp capacitor and the filter circuit. When the reverse voltage is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on. Therefore, the withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and there is no need to install an additional damping circuit. The lower the withstand voltage specification used, the lower the diode conduction loss will be. When the reverse voltage of the rectifier diode used in the filter circuit is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage, the regenerative passive cushioning 23 1238589 is used to turn on the discharge diode, so the voltage it bears is lower than the output voltage. There is also no need to install other damping circuits. The diode and the discharge diode used in the regenerative passive damping circuit are connected in a complementary manner, so the reverse recovery current of the diode is low and the voltage clamping effect is achieved. 6. High conversion efficiency. In this non-isolated architecture, the characteristics of low-voltage high-current and high-voltage low-current are strictly distinguished, and the current ripple is low. When the on-period is 50%, at the same output power, the switching current can obtain the lowest effective value, forming the highest efficiency region. Therefore, the lower voltage and current ranges of the components can be selected respectively to achieve low-cost and high-efficiency converter devices. 7. Simple architecture. Compared with the conventional coupled inductor circuit, only two diodes and two capacitors are added. However, the voltage boost ratio of this patent is much higher than the conventional circuit, especially the voltage and bidirectional energy transfer function of the regenerative passive cushioning circuit, which can fully improve Boost ratio. 8. The capacity of the coupled inductor is lower than the conventional circuit. The coupled inductor has the characteristics that the primary side of the transformer is conducting, and the secondary side immediately outputs current. According to the analysis of an ideal transformer, at this time, the energy transmitted by the secondary side causes the net magnetic flux generated by the core to be φ zero, without increasing the burden of the core magnetic flux. When the power semiconductor switch is turned off, the primary-side excitation current transfers energy to the secondary-side winding based on the principle of a flyback transformer. The secondary-side winding current reversely charges the filter circuit with a low proportion of current. In order to generate a low ripple charging current in a general architecture, the transformer must be designed with a high inductance value. Therefore, the low magnetic field inductance designed in this creation means that the current ripple of the power semiconductor switch is greatly compressed, and the core capacity is reduced accordingly. 9. Transformer copper loss is low. The structure of this creation allows high ripple excitation current. 24 1238589 Coupling inductance with low excitation inductance can be designed, so the small number of turns required for high current to flow through the primary winding, resulting in copper loss and excitation due to skin effect. Losses are also expected to decrease. ίο · Electromagnetic interference is easy to handle. The sharply changing current can be limited to the primary circuit, which is convenient for the prevention and treatment of electromagnetic interference. [Embodiment] The general specifications of all the embodiments of the present invention are described below. The main component _ power Xin The semiconductor switch 2 uses a MOSFET, the number is FQI90N08, the conduction is P 1 1 = 16 μΩ, the withstand voltage is 80V and the rated current is 71A, and the package type is 2 feet. Set the rated output voltage to 400V and the maximum clamping voltage of the switch to 50V. We can also use a low conduction loss switch with 75V. Substitute the above data into equation (15) and determine the coupling inductor turns ratio ^ 2 as

vD η = —2 = 6/1 ζ: \ V ^ (max) (1… According to equation (13), when the minimum input voltage is 10V and the output voltage is 400v, the duty cycle i) is 0.8, which is Acceptable value in practice. This creative switching frequency is 100kHz, which is a high-frequency switching frequency commonly used in the general industry. The remaining detailed specifications are as follows

v0: 400VDC

Tr · Α = 470 / ^ /; ^ = 3: i8; k = 0.98; core: EE-55

Q: FQI90N08: 80V / 71A only * 4 == 12 courtesy value, 1⑽, 2 / MA: CJN: 3300 / ^ / 50F * 2 25 1238589

C,: 5 / zF / 100F C2 · 6.8wF / 250F C〇: 47uF / 450V

dx: STPS20H100CT, 100V / 2 * 10A (schottky)? TO-220AB

H SFA1606G, 400V / 16A, TO220AB In order to further understand the content of this creation, the experimental waveforms of the following examples, the code of the component voltage and current, please refer to Figure 4. In order to verify the "high boost ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor" disclosed in the present invention, it has the function of voltage fluctuation clamping function and high capacity and high conversion efficiency. To 400V, the voltage and current waveform of each element. The DC power supply of the DC input circuit 101 in this embodiment uses the US H_

The fuel cell p0werPEMTM-PS250 produced by Power Company has a rated output power of 250W and an output voltage range from 38V (no load) to 25V (386W maximum power output). The test conditions of this example are

For the output specifications of 400V-300W, the fuel cell provides 28V under this load condition. Observing Fig. 6 (a) _ (j), the voltage vD5 across the MOSFET is clamped at 50V 'and the current k is close to a square wave, indicating that the switch has a better utilization rate. In the same way, the current L of the primary circuit winding A is maintained at about 20A, and the required capacity of the core is not large for the inductance value of I3 淖. The switch on duty cycle is 0.44, and there is still ample room for adjustment to cope with input voltage fluctuations, load effects, and increase output voltage. The current on the high-voltage side is much smaller than the current on the low-voltage side, which means that the purpose of this work is to completely achieve the division of voltage and current on the high- and low-voltage sides. Check the voltage and current waveforms of all diodes. Under the condition that the reverse recovery current is lower than the on-current and no damping circuit is installed, there is no surge voltage at the two ends of the diode, and it is lower than the output voltage 26 1238589 400V. Voltage clamping and flexible switching effects have been achieved. Figure 6 (k) shows the output voltage and current response of 400V, 20W to 300W instantaneous loading and deloading according to the waveform. According to the waveform display, the voltage ripple is far below 1%, and the energy regulation is fast due to the small excitation inductance. Therefore, under severe load changes, the voltage change rate is very low. Another embodiment of the fuel cell power generation system is disclosed in FIG. 7. The test condition is that the load is gradually increased from 32W to 372W, and the voltage and current waveforms of the switch are measured. When the output power increases, the fuel cell voltage decreases, and the duty cycle needs to be increased to increase the voltage gain to maintain a fixed output voltage. At this time, the voltage across Switch 2 is still clamped at about 50V. The current waveform shows that the input DC voltage current is close to the square wave current of low ripple. FIG. 8 is one of the embodiments of the “high boost ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention applied to a fuel cell boosting to 400V conversion efficiency. This example is to verify the feasibility of the theory. The calculation of efficiency does not include the power consumed by the driving signal circuit. When the output power of this creative is below 20OW, it has the coupling inductance 7 described in reference [1]; the leakage inductance A and the parasitic capacitance c⑽ resonance phenomenon of on / off 2 are shown in Figure 7 (a). 'When the switch ρ is turned on, the voltage k is lower than the clamping voltage, so the switching loss is low. Because there is no circulation problem, the switch is used at low voltage, and the ratio of switching loss and conduction loss is very low. Therefore, the efficiency of this device has exceeded 94.5% at 40W power output. 'Dare South efficiency exceeds 97%, this part can also use common circuit software You can prove it. When the output power is higher, the fuel cell voltage also decreases with the power generation curve.

FIG. 9 is another embodiment of the voltage gain of the “directional boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer” disclosed by the present invention, which is applied to a 12V 27 1238589 battery boosted to 400V with an output power of 210W , The voltage and current waveforms of each element. The increase in the on-period of the switch proves that the formula for the voltage gain of this creation is close to the experimental results. Even under the condition of a low-voltage power supply with a boost ratio of more than 33 times, it still has the idea expressed in this creation. The order of the positions of the waveforms is the same as that of Fig. 6. In contrast to the two figures, although the current ripple is higher in this embodiment, the voltage clamping effect can still be achieved. FIG. 10 is one of the embodiments of the “high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention, which is applied to a 12V battery boosting to $ 400V with a maximum output power of 300W. Under this test condition, the highest efficiency exceeds 96.5%, and the overall efficiency is slightly lower than that of Figure 8. However, in the case where the boost ratio exceeds 33 times and the current of Switch 2 exceeds two-thirds of the rated capacity, the capacity of the switch has been fully used. This efficiency still exceeds most of the references listed in the prior art. FIG. 11 is one of the embodiments of the “high boost ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention. When the DC output circuit load is fixed at 100W, the voltage of the DC input circuit 101 is gradually increased from 12V to 30V, · The output terminal is boosted to 400V, and the switching voltage and current waveform are measured. It can be concluded from continuous experiments that the lower current ripple occurs near the duty cycle of 0.5, which shows that it is the exciting current '; the primary side induced current 纟 plus the secondary side current / Z2 sum, the two main current waveforms before and after Complementary, during the on-time of switch 2, the constant value is maintained so that its waveform is close to a square wave, which effectively reduces the conduction loss of the switch. The conversion efficiency of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 12. When the input voltage is 25V, the efficiency is close to 98%. At this time, the voltage gain is 16 times, but the voltage gain is less than 16 times (the input voltage is higher than 25V). Instead, the conversion efficiency decreases as the voltage gain 28 1238589 decreases. In addition, the limit value of this embodiment is that the input voltage can accept 8 V, the step-up ratio is 50 times, and the efficiency is 94.5%. This example demonstrates that by making full use of the characteristics analyzed in this creation, even if the boost ratio is higher, the efficiency may not be reduced accordingly. In other words, the experimental results have overcome the bottlenecks of the prior technology and can achieve a high boost ratio and high efficiency converter. Purpose. Based on the experimental results of all the above embodiments, the maximum voltage of the power semiconductor switch will not exceed 55V, and a 75V MOSFET with a lower on-resistance can be selected. In addition, in Figure 10, the 12V-300W inferred that the maximum current flowing through the switch is higher than 50A, which has exceeded two-thirds of the 71A rated current of the MOSFET switch FQI90N08. Therefore, the switch used in this creation still has a buffer voltage of 25V. The operating current is close to the rated, the parts are easy to obtain, and more importantly, it is cheap. The remaining components can also adopt this principle. The performance and cost shown in this creation are not completed with the best components. Familiar with the field can easily complete its performance, which is conducive to the industry to achieve the competitiveness of the finished product. FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the second preferred embodiment of the “high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention. Compared to Figure 丨, the secondary winding & polarity wiring method of the coupling inductor r of the secondary circuit 1301 in Lu is opposite (the polarity point is defined at the junction with the filter circuit 105). The principle of this architecture is that when the power semiconductor switch β of the primary circuit 102 is turned on, the secondary circuit 1301 is coupled to the inductor 7; the polarity of the secondary winding & is positive, so the rectification diode μ of the filter circuit 1G5 μ Bias-conduction, output voltage (equal to the secondary-side high-voltage capacitor. Voltage ν of 2. Series-coupling inductor 7; secondary-side voltage b. When the switch ρ is turned off, 'coupling inductor 7'; the secondary-side winding current ^ reverses, Clamp diode A and discharge-pole body path to charge high-voltage capacitor q. 1238589 of this architecture is characterized by a longer duty cycle β, and less energy is absorbed and released by regenerative passive cushioning circuit 103, and switch 2 flows through the current core The effective value is lower, but the voltage vD it bears is higher. [The derivation of the formula of the second preferred embodiment] Referring to FIG. 13, when the switch 2 is turned on, the polarity point of the secondary winding z2 of the coupled inductor C is positive. Voltage, the voltage vC2 of the series high-voltage capacitor c2, charges the filter circuit 105. To simplify the calculation, the coupling coefficient A is set to 1, so the output voltage is 彳 V〇 = ^ L2 + VC2 (17) The state of charge of the high-voltage capacitor c2 voltage VC2 , Tied to When OFF 2 is turned off, the primary side excitation current l is charged by the coupling inductor 7; the capacitor is charged through the current l of the secondary winding 12, and the voltage at this time is equal to the voltage vC2, so its value is vC2 = VINnD / (iD) (18) Coupling inductor 7; When the secondary winding Z2 is turned on, the winding voltage v, 2 and the high-voltage capacitor C2 voltage vC2 are simultaneously discharged in series to the filter circuit 105. At this time, the voltage is induced by the primary winding 4, which The value is < VL2 = nVIN (19) Substituting equation (18) and equation (19) into equation (17), so the voltage center of the second preferred embodiment is gV2 = v0 / vin = ^ (20) The clamping voltage ~ at both ends is the same as equation (8), so VDS = VC \ ~ ^ 0 ^ n (21) 30 1238589 Assuming that the input DC voltage is 28V, the turns ratio η is 6, and the output The voltage is designed to be 400V and calculated by substituting into equations (13) and (20). The duty cycle D of the first preferred embodiment is 0.44, and the duty cycle D of the second preferred embodiment is 0.58. In addition, from equation (21) It is calculated that the voltage value of the switch 0 voltage and the second preferred embodiment is 67V. Shows "high boost ratio converter using two-way magnetic circuit energy transfer by coupled inductor", the second preferred embodiment of the simulated waveform response. This waveform is simulated using PSPICE circuit software. To facilitate comparison of the simulation results, 0 circuit components and The first preferred embodiment has the same implementation specifications. The simulation conditions are compared with the output specifications of input voltage 28V, 400V-300W according to Fig. 6. According to the waveform display, the voltage across switch 2 is increased to 67V, but the switching current ^ peak is significantly reduced. The discharge diode /) 2 of the passive damping circuit 103 is regenerated, and the voltage ν 电压 2 and the current / D2 waveforms also effectively deal with the problem of reverse recovery current. Coupling inductance τ; the current M of the primary winding A, when the switch 2 is turned off for a period of time, gradually approaches the core current L of the secondary winding, and finally flows through the same circuit to be equal. This phenomenon is conducive to the current k of the switch 2 when it is turned on Can not immediately draw current from the primary winding A to form a spring-zero current switching (ZCS). In the simulation, there is a little current when the switch 2 is turned on. It is generated by clamping the diode A and selecting a normal diode (the simulation software does not provide Xiao Jier The parts library of the polar body), its current is the reverse recovery current of the clamped diode, the actual measurement will not have this part of the current if the Schottky diode is used. The results of this simulation can support the circuit of Figure 13, and can also distinguish the functions of low current on the high side and south current on the low side. FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the third preferred embodiment of the “high boost ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention. This embodiment 31 1238589 inherits the characteristics of the block diagrams of Fig. 1 and Fig. 13, which means that the first-regenerative passive damping circuit 1502 can choose to add or save the side circuit 1_ ^ · secondary side winding Z2 'wiring The method is that the polarity point is on the left, and the charging time of the voltage Vc2 of the south voltage capacitor c2 is the switching period. The circuit working mode is similar to the structure of FIG. 1. When the power switch 2 of the secondary circuit 1 () 2 is turned on, the inductance is engaged (the secondary winding & the polarity point is a positive voltage, the winding is electrically connected to the clamping capacitor q and the DC voltage ⑼, The pole body charges the high-voltage capacitor c2. When the power semiconductor switch ρ is turned off, the clamped diode 仏 guides the inrush current of the primary winding A to the box capacitor. After the current L of the secondary winding 4 turns, , The voltage VC2 of the high-voltage capacitor A in series, the voltage of the secondary winding & (the voltage at the non-polar point is positive), the voltage established by the exciting current L of the primary winding A, and the DC voltage source are rectified. The diode ^ charges the filter circuit 105. The block diagram of the third preferred embodiment may optionally include a second regenerative passive mitigation circuit 1502, which can evenly absorb the surge current and has two sets of passive The damping circuit is added to the boost lineup in parallel regeneration mode. _ The voltage gain formula of this embodiment is the same as that of the first preferred embodiment, and its derivation principle is the same, which will not be repeated here. Its function can be verified by the following simulation. Figure 16 is the Institute Revealed the "Using | Mahe Inductor Bidirectional Magnetic Circuit Energy Transfer 咼 Boost Ratio Converter", the third preferred embodiment of the simulated waveform response. The simulation conditions are still compared to the conditions in Figure 6, the input voltage is 28V, and the output specification is 400V-300W , But does not include the second regenerative passive damping circuit 1502. According to the waveform display, the clamping voltage across the power semiconductor switch 2 is the same as that of the first preferred embodiment 32 1238589 is 50V, and the current is not significantly different. First The discharge diode 仏 of the regenerative passive cushioning circuit 1501, its voltage and current waveform can also effectively deal with the problem of reverse recovery current. The simulation results can prove that the circuit of Figure 15 can also strictly distinguish the low current on the south side. The function of the low-side south current. Figure 17 is a block diagram of the fourth preferred embodiment of the "high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor" disclosed in the present invention. Compared to the circuit architecture of Figure 15 The coupling inductance 7 of the secondary side circuit 1301; the secondary side winding polarity wiring method is reversed, and the polarity point is selected at the connection of the filter circuit 105. φ inherits the characteristics of the block diagram of FIG. 13 The first regenerative passive cushioning circuit 1501 will be used instead of the regenerative passive cushioning circuit 103 of Fig. 13. When the power semiconductor switch 0 of the primary circuit 102 is turned on, the inductance 7 is coupled; the polarity point of the secondary winding ζ2 is a positive voltage, The winding voltage νZ2 is connected in series with a high-voltage capacitor c2, and the filtering capacitor c is charged by the rectifying diode% of the filtering circuit 105. When the power semiconductor switch 2 is turned off, the clamped diode A guides the surge current L of the primary winding A Charge the clamping capacitor c3. After the current l of the secondary winding z2 turns, connect the voltage c3 of the clamping capacitor c3 and the voltage Vz2 of the secondary winding z2 together (the non-polar point voltage is positive; φ and the DC voltage source Then, the exciting current of the primary side winding a and the established voltage h are subtracted, and the high-voltage capacitor c2 of the secondary side circuit 1301 is charged through the discharge diode d4. In the block diagram of the fourth preferred embodiment, a second regenerative passive damping circuit 1502 can be optionally added, which can evenly absorb the surge current, and there are two sets of passive damping circuits simultaneously, which are added to the boost lineup in parallel regenerative mode. The voltage vC2 of the high-voltage capacitor c2 of the secondary-side circuit 1301 in this architecture is almost completely derived from the secondary-side winding l2. The voltages of the DC input circuit 101 and the primary-side circuit 102 cancel each other out, and there is no direct discharge in series to the filtering of the filtering circuit 105. 33 1238589 Capacitor c. Therefore, the voltage gain of this architecture is low and the clamping voltage is high. However, after increasing the duty cycle to maintain a fixed output voltage, the rms current of the power semiconductor switch! 2 can be reduced. In other words, the switching loss and withstand current can be reduced. The voltage gain formula of this embodiment is the same as that of the second preferred embodiment, and its derivation principle is the same, which will not be repeated here. Its function can be verified by the following simulation. FIG. 18 is an analog waveform response of the fourth preferred embodiment of the “high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention. The simulation conditions are compared with Fig. 6, the input voltage is 28V, the output voltage is 400V and the power is $ 300W. According to the waveform display, the clamping voltage να at both ends of the power semiconductor 2 switch is increased to 67V, but the peak value of the current k is significantly reduced. The discharge diode A of the first regenerative passive damping circuit 1501, the voltage vD4 and the current "waveform have effectively dealt with the problem of reverse recovery current. The simulation results can prove the circuit structure of Fig. 17 and can also distinguish the high voltage side low. The function of current and high current on the low voltage side. Figure 19 is a block diagram of the fifth preferred embodiment of the "high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor" disclosed in the present invention. This embodiment is different from FIG. 1 in that the regenerative passive vibration damping circuit 103 is replaced by a series regenerative vibration damping circuit 1901. Since the regenerative passive damping circuit is connected in series with the filter circuit 105, it is called a series regenerative passive damping circuit 1901. The negative electrode of the filter capacitor c0 of the filter circuit 105 is not connected to the negative electrode of the DC input circuit 101, but is connected to the positive terminal of the clamp capacitor 981 of the series regenerative passive damping circuit 1901. In addition to the high boost ratio and high efficiency of the first preferred embodiment, this embodiment is also characterized in that the voltage to which the filter capacitor cD is subjected can be reduced. The voltage of the DC output circuit 106 is composed of a series voltage of the clamped capacitor vcl of the regenerative passive damping circuit 1901 and a filter capacitor of the filter circuit 105. When the switch e is turned off, the coupling inductor τ; the surge current M of the primary winding A first charges the clamping capacitor q. After the current L of the secondary winding A of the coupling inductor C turns, the current L is used to clamp the capacitor at the same time. q and filter capacitor 4 are charged. The voltage gain formula of this embodiment is the same as that of the first preferred embodiment, and its derivation principle is the same, which is not repeated here, and its function can be verified by the following simulation. FIG. 20 is an analog waveform response of the fifth preferred embodiment of the “high boost ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention. Through comprehensive observation, the creative concept to be expressed in this embodiment is similar to the first and third preferred embodiments, and the purpose of high boost ratio and high efficiency commutation can also be achieved. FIG. 21 is a block diagram of the sixth preferred embodiment of the “high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor” disclosed in the present invention. Compared with the circuit structure of FIG. 19, the coupling inductance 7 of the secondary side circuit 1301; the secondary side winding has the opposite polarity wiring method, and the polarity point is selected at the connection of the filter and wave circuit 105. In addition to the high boost ratio and high efficiency function of the second preferred embodiment, this embodiment is also characterized in that the voltage to which the filter capacitor is subjected can be reduced. The voltage dagger of the DC output electric spring circuit 106 is composed of the voltage vn of the clamping capacitor q of the regenerative passive damping circuit 1901 in series and the voltage of the filter capacitor cQ of the filter circuit 105 in series. When the switch 0 is turned off, the inductor 7 is to be coupled; The primary winding L and the current l first charge the clamping capacitor q. When the switch 2 is turned on next time, the secondary winding 12 circuit current L of the coupling inductor C is charged, and the clamping capacitor port and the filter capacitor G are also charged. The voltage gain formula of this embodiment is the same as that of the second preferred embodiment, and its derivation principle is the same, which will not be repeated here. Its function can be verified by the following simulation. FIG. 22 is the simulated waveform response of the sixth preferred embodiment of “the bi-directional magnetic circuit energy transfer 35 1238589 using the coupled inductor to change the μ state” according to the present invention. In this embodiment, through the pseudo-waveform result, the creative concept to be expressed is similar to the second and fourth preferred embodiments, and the purpose of high-boosting and high-efficiency commutation can be achieved. The formulas of the voltage gains and switching clamping voltages of the six preferred implementations are summarized as follows: First, third, and fifth preferred embodiments, second, fourth, and sixth preferred embodiments, voltage gains Gy-V0 / VIN ^ m 1-D Gv = V0IVin ^ -JL ^ 1-D Switch clamping voltage = ^ 〇 / (n + 2) v ds = V〇ί η If the converter is designed with the formula in the first column, the rated output voltage lkv, The turns ratio 〃 is set to 10, and the duty cycle Z) is 0.8. The voltage gain is 60 times. In other words, the voltage of 16.7ν can be increased to about lkv, and the switch limit is 83., ^. It can be used. 100V or 15GV switch, of course, rectifier diode and discharge. Directional voltage is lower than DC output voltage. You can choose to use _ specifications, = body inverse. To improve the conventional high voltage output, multiple windings and high voltage diodes must be connected in series. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing preferred embodiments, the iron basin and the present invention "any person skilled in this art will not depart from the scope of the present invention to limit it" when various changes and modifications can be made. The ones defined in the scope of patent application shall prevail. Gudos

Claims (1)

1238589, patent application scope: 1. A high step-up converter with bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor, which contains a primary circuit: including a power semiconductor switch and a primary winding of a coupled inductor. The polarity point is defined at the positive connection point of the DC input circuit; a regenerative passive damping circuit: a clamped diode, a discharge diode, and a clamped capacitor; a secondary circuit: contains a high-voltage capacitor, and a coupling Inductor secondary _ side winding, the polarity point defines the connection point with the high-voltage capacitor; a filter circuit: a filter capacitor and a rectifier diode; when the power semiconductor switch of the primary circuit is turned on, the current stores energy in the coupled inductor The primary side winding, and the polarity point voltage of the secondary side winding of the coupled inductor is positive. The winding voltage is connected in series with the regenerative passive cushioning circuit to clamp the capacitor voltage. The regenerative passive cushioning circuit discharges the diode and applies high voltage and low current to the two. The high-voltage capacitor of the secondary circuit is charged; when the power semiconductor switch is cut off Participating, the clamping capacitor of the regenerative passive cushioning circuit is clamped through this circuit, and the leakage inductance energy of the primary winding of the coupled inductor is first absorbed; when the current of the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is turned, the voltage at the non-polar point of the winding is positive The voltage of the positive voltage, DC input voltage and high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary-side circuit generated by the excitation current of the primary-side winding of the series-coupled inductor at the non-polar point is charged by the rectifier diode of the filter circuit to obtain a stable voltage. DC output voltage; 41 1238589 It is characterized by a high boost ratio. The coupled inductor only needs a low turns ratio and a wide duty cycle control to output a high voltage gain. The regenerative passive damping circuit can absorb the line inductance energy and make wiring easy. Favorable industrial utilization; The energy absorbed by the clamping capacitor of the regenerative passive cushioning circuit can be reused for boosting, no circulating current problem, and further achieve the voltage clamping purpose; all switches and diodes can achieve the voltage clamping function, when no switch is on Short circuit current and reverse high recovery current of the diode; High efficiency. Under the non-isolated architecture, this device strictly distinguishes the low-current side high current, high-voltage side low current characteristics, and low current ripple. You can choose low-cost components suitable for the voltage range _ high-efficiency components; the structure is simple, compared with The conventional coupled inductor circuit adds two diodes and two capacitors. However, the voltage gain of this device is much higher than the conventional circuit, but the component capacity is lower than the conventional circuit. This device proves that the conversion efficiency is not directly related to the boost ratio and is responsible. The size of the cycle is related to whether the switch-on current is a square wave. This is to overcome the technical bottleneck of the conventional circuit with a higher boost ratio and lower efficiency. The coupled inductor has the characteristics that the primary side of the transformer conducts current and the secondary side immediately outputs current. Utilizing the functions of transformers and inductors, greatly reducing the ripple of power semiconductor switches and the required excitation inductance value, the core capacity can also be reduced accordingly; because the excitation inductance is reduced, the number of turns required for the primary winding of the coupled inductor is small and large. The current flows through the primary winding, so that the copper loss caused by the skin effect can also be reduced; The current can be limited to the primary circuit to facilitate the prevention of electromagnetic interference. During the boosting process of this device, the DC voltage source provides current to the output when the power semiconductor switch is turned off. This part does not pass through the switch during the boosting process. And through magnetic circuit conversion, increase the conversion efficiency; the voltage that the power semiconductor switch withstands is only related to the output voltage of 42 1238589 and the ratio of the light-inductance, which is more suitable for the application of power conversion devices with a wide range of DC input voltage. 2. As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, the juice-to-voltage ratio converter using light-duty inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer "where the primary-side circuit and the secondary-side circuit inductance of the secondary circuit" has a high air gap High-excitation current dual-winding waste transformer; using this transformer with different ratios to separate the electric house from the current range, low voltage and low current, and high voltage side, and vice versa. 3. As described in item i of the scope of the patent application, the high boost ratio converter of the bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of the combined inductor, in which the regenerative passive damping circuit can not only absorb the inductance energy of the line, but also recapture the combined inductor once The leakage inductance energy of the side winding 'its absorbed energy can be used for boosting' further-to provide the current path required by the secondary circuit for the inductor when the power semiconductor switch is on. This principle is different from the conventional inductor structure. It is the key technology to generate a bidirectional magnetic circuit: the higher the leakage inductance of the primary side winding of the face-to-face inductor will reduce the secondary side winding induced voltage, and the regenerative passive damping circuit is used to increase the conduction of the semiconductor switch by 2's, which can still maintain the output voltage constant value; It is based on the coupling = inductance y used by this device to accept high leakage inductance transformers, and it is not limited to use the _ Ermeiji stacked winding method, which can be completed by using the conventional two-winding split winding method. 4 · As mentioned in the application, the energy coupling of the bidirectional magnetic circuit of the Hunan coupling inductor described in the item of the scope of benefits is equal to the commutation benefit of the voltage, which is caused by the regenerative passive damping circuit: the two ends of the 4-pole diode are respectively The connection of power semiconductor switches and power systems requires the same withstand power as power semiconductor switches, so a low-voltage diode with low conduction loss can be used. '' 5. The high boost ratio converter using the surface-coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy 43 1238589 transmitted as described in the oldest in the scope of the patent application, in which the two ends of the discharge diode used in the regenerative passive damping circuit are respectively clamped. Capacitor and filter circuit, when the reverse voltage is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and no additional damping circuit is required; generally The lower the withstand voltage specification of the diode is, the lower the conduction voltage will be. The low-voltage and low conduction loss can be used for the Schottky diode. 6. As described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the high rise of bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transmission using coupled inductors Voltage ratio converter, where the rectifier II used by the filter circuit _ polar body reverse voltage is higher than the difference between the DC output voltage and the capacitor voltage clamped by the regenerative passive cushioning circuit, the second The pole is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and there is no need to install an additional damping circuit; the diode and the regenerative passive damping circuit The discharging diode with complementary conduction 'therefore goes through the diode reverse recovery current problems of south, while both voltage clamp performance. 7. A high step-up converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer from a coupled inductor, which includes a primary circuit: including a power semiconductor switch and a primary winding with a closed inductor. The positive connection of the input circuit; a regenerative passive damping circuit: a clamped diode, a discharge diode and a clamped capacitor; a secondary circuit: contains a high-voltage capacitor, and a coupled inductor secondary winding The polarity point is defined as being connected to the filter circuit at 44 1238589; a filter circuit: a filter capacitor and a rectifier diode; when the power semiconductor switch of the primary circuit is turned on, the current stores energy in the primary winding of the coupled inductor The polarity point voltage of the secondary side winding of the coupled inductor is positive. The high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary side circuit is connected in series to charge the filter capacitor of the filter circuit. When the power semiconductor switch is turned off, the non-polarity point voltage of the secondary side winding of the coupled inductor is Positive, the winding voltage is clamped by the regenerative passive damping circuit Discharge the diode and charge the high-voltage capacitor. At this time, the leakage inductance current of the primary winding of the coupled inductor also passes through the clamped diode, charging the clamped capacitor of the regenerative passive cushioning circuit. When the clamped capacitor voltage rises above the power semiconductor, When switching the voltage, the clamping diode is reverse-biased and cut off. The clamping capacitor voltage is discharged to the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary circuit through the discharge diode path. It is characterized in that the voltage of the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary circuit is almost completely from the coupled inductor The secondary input winding provides that the DC input voltage and the voltage of the primary circuit are not directly discharged in series to the filter circuit; therefore, this device has a relatively low boost voltage and a high clamping voltage; however, after increasing the duty cycle to maintain a fixed output voltage , Can reduce the effective value current of the power semiconductor switch, in other words, the switching loss and the current can be reduced; in addition, there is still a high boost ratio, easy wiring, series regenerative passive cushioning circuit capacitors can absorb the energy that can be reused for Boost, all switches and diodes can achieve voltage clamping function, conversion effect High, simple structure, efficiency and step-up ratio is not directly related, small magnetizing inductance, electromagnetic interference and easy to handle means for converting a large input is applied to the voltage change. 45 1238589 The seventh item is like the combined inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy 2 of the local converter, where the primary circuit and the secondary: use the two-inductor high-excitation current double winding transformer with high air gap; benefit ~ The number of transformers E is different, the separation voltage is larger than the less current, and the higher is the opposite. Low voltage ㈣ 91 horsepower ratio converter with bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer as described in item 7 of the scope of patent application, in which the regenerative passive damping circuit can absorb the line inductance energy, and also accommodate the handle inductor Primary side energy, its absorbed energy can be used for boosting. When the power switch is turned on, the secondary side circuit is required to combine the current path required by the inductor. This principle is different from the Xihe inductor structure. The key technology of the road,-the higher the leakage inductance of the primary winding of the inductor will reduce the secondary winding induced current i: 'using a regenerative passive damping circuit to increase the on-time of the semiconductor switch, the output voltage can still be maintained; The combination of inductors used in this device can accept high leakage inductance transformers. It is not limited to use sandwich winding methods with high coupling coefficients, which can be accomplished by using the conventional two-winding split winding method. 1．As described in item 7 of the declared patent scope, the coupling inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy meter is used to transmit a high boost ratio converter, wherein the regenerative passive damping circuit enables the two ends of the clamped diode to be connected to power. Semiconductor switches and clamping valleys need to withstand the same voltage as power semiconductor switches, so Schottky diodes with low voltage and low conduction loss can be used. 11. As described in item 7 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, wherein the two ends of the discharge diode used in the regenerative passive damping circuit are respectively clamped to the circuit. Capacitor and filter circuit 46 1238589, when the reverse voltage is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamping capacitor voltage, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and no additional damping is required. Circuit; the lower the withstand voltage specification of the general diode, the lower the on-voltage. 12. As described in item 7 of the scope of the patent application, a high boost ratio converter using a coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer, wherein the reverse voltage of the rectified diode used in the filter circuit is higher than the DC output voltage and the clamping capacitor When the voltage is different, the discharge diode used in the regenerative passive cushioning circuit is turned on, so the required voltage is lower than the output voltage, and there is no need to install an additional cushioning circuit; the _diode and the regenerative passive cushioning circuit The discharge diodes used are turned on in a complementary manner, so there is no problem that the reverse recovery current of the diode is too high. 13. —A high step-up converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer from a coupled inductor, which contains a primary circuit: a power semiconductor switch, and a primary winding of a coupled inductor. The polarity point is defined with the DC input circuit. The positive connection; a first regenerative passive damping circuit: a clamped diode, a discharge_diode and a clamped capacitor; a secondary circuit: contains a high-voltage capacitor and a coupled inductor secondary winding The polarity point defines the connection point with the high-voltage capacitor; a filter and wave circuit: a filter capacitor and a rectifying diode; when the power semiconductor switch of the primary circuit is turned on, the current stores energy in the primary winding of the coupled inductor At the same time, the polarity point voltage of the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is positive. This winding voltage is connected in series with the first regenerative passive damping electric 47 1238589 circuit to clamp the capacitor voltage and discharge the 'diode' through the first regenerative passive damping circuit and apply high voltage. Low current charges the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary circuit; when the power semiconductor switch is turned off, A clamping capacitor of a regenerative passive damping circuit, through which the diode is clamped, the leakage inductance energy of the primary winding of the coupled inductor is first absorbed; when the current of the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is turned, the non-polar point voltage of the winding is positive and connected in series The voltage of the positive voltage, DC input voltage, and high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary-side circuit generated by the excitation current of the primary winding of the coupled inductor at the non-polar point is rectified by the filter circuit to charge the filter capacitor to obtain a stable DC output voltage. ; Paralysis is characterized by absorbing surge current directly in the primary winding and reusing this energy to charge the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary circuit when the switch is on; in addition, it has a high boost ratio, easy wiring, and series connection. The energy absorbed by the regenerative passive cushioning circuit capacitor can be reused for boosting, all switches and diodes can achieve voltage clamping, high conversion efficiency, simple structure, no direct relationship between efficiency and boost ratio, small excitation inductance, electromagnetic The interference is easy to handle and suitable for conversion devices with large input voltage fluctuations. 14. As described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, the use of coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy _ high step-up ratio converter, coupled with a second regenerative passive damping circuit, can even absorb the surge current and can be regenerative Increase the voltage gain. The second regenerative passive damping circuit is composed of a clamped diode, a discharge diode, and a clamped capacitor. Its working principle is the same as that of the first regenerative passive damping circuit. 15. As described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, a high boost ratio converter using a coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer, in which the 48 1238589 coupling inductance of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit is a high air gap High-excitation current dual-winding transformer; using this transformer with different turns ratios to separate the voltage and current ranges, the low-voltage side has fewer turns and the larger current, and the high-voltage side does the opposite. 16. As described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, in which the first regenerative passive damping circuit can absorb the inductance energy of the line and additionally accommodate the primary side of the coupled inductor. The leakage inductance energy of the winding can be used for boosting the voltage, which further provides the current path required for the secondary circuit to turn on the inductor when the power semiconductor switch is on. This principle is different from the conventional coupled inductor architecture and generates a bidirectional magnetic field. Lu Zhi_ Key technology; the higher the leakage inductance of the primary winding of the coupled inductor will reduce the induced voltage of the secondary winding; using the first regenerative passive damping circuit to increase the on-time of the power semiconductor switch, the output voltage can still be maintained; The coupling inductor used in this device can accept high leakage inductance transformers. It is not limited to the sandwich stacking method with high coupling coefficient, which can be completed by using the conventional two-winding split winding method. 17. As described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor, wherein the first regenerative passive damping circuit _ is used to connect power at both ends of the clamping diode Semiconductor switches and clamping capacitors need to withstand the same voltage as power semiconductor switches, so they can use Schottky diodes with low voltage and low conduction loss. 18. As described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up ratio converter using a coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer, wherein the two ends of the discharge diode used in the first regenerative passive damping circuit are respectively connected to the circuit When the reverse voltage of the clamp capacitor and the filter circuit is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage 49 1238589, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and no additional delay is required. Shock circuit; the lower the withstand voltage specification of the general diode, the lower the on-voltage. 19. As described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application, the high boost ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of coupled inductors, wherein the reverse voltage of the rectifier diode used in the filter circuit is higher than the DC output voltage and the clamping capacitor When the voltage is different, the discharge diode used in the first regenerative passive damping circuit is turned on, so the required voltage is lower than the output voltage, and no additional damping circuit is required; the diode and regenerative passive damping are not required. The discharge diode used in the circuit calls for complementary conduction, so there is no problem that the reverse recovery current of the diode is too high. 20. —A high step-up converter using bi-directional magnetic circuit energy transfer from a coupled inductor, which includes a primary circuit: including a power semiconductor switch and a primary winding that consumes inductance. The polarity point is defined with the DC input. The positive connection of the circuit; a first regenerative passive damping circuit: a clamped diode, a discharge diode and a clamped capacitor; · a secondary circuit: contains a high voltage capacitor and a coupled inductor secondary side Winding, the polarity point defines the connection point with the filter circuit; a filter circuit: a filter capacitor and a rectifier diode; when the power semiconductor switch of the primary circuit is turned on, the current stores energy in the primary winding of the coupled inductor, The polarity point voltage of the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is positive. This winding voltage is connected in series with the high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary circuit to charge the filter capacitor of the filter circuit. When the power semiconductor switch is cut off 50 1238589, the The non-polar point voltage is positive, and the winding voltage is subjected to the first regenerative passive cushioning The circuit clamps the diode and the discharge diode to charge the high-voltage capacitor. At this time, the leakage inductance current of the primary winding of the coupled inductor also passes through the clamped diode to charge the clamp capacitor of the first regenerative passive cushioning circuit. When clamped, When the positive voltage of the capacitor rises above the switching voltage of the power semiconductor, the clamping diode is reverse-biased and cut off. The clamping capacitor voltage is discharged to the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary-side circuit through the discharge diode path; it is characterized by the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary-side circuit. The voltage is almost completely from the coupling inductor, the DC input voltage and the voltage of the primary circuit cancel each other out, # is not directly discharged in series to the filter circuit; therefore, the device has a relatively low boost voltage and a high clamping voltage; however, the duty cycle of the increase is maintained After fixing the output voltage, the effective value current of the power semiconductor switch can be reduced, in other words, the switching loss and the withstand current can be reduced; in addition, there is still a high boost ratio, easy wiring, and the energy absorbed by the series regenerative passive cushioning circuit capacitor can be absorbed. Re-used for boost, all switches and diodes can achieve voltage clamping , High conversion efficiency, simple structure, efficiency and step-up ratio is not directly related, small magnetizing inductance, electromagnetic interference and suitable for disposable _ large fluctuation of the input voltage conversion means. 2L The high boost ratio converter using the coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer as described in item 20 of the scope of the patent application, plus a second regenerative passive damping circuit, which can evenly absorb the surge current, and can add the The second regenerative passive cushioning circuit is composed of a clamped diode, a discharge diode and a clamped capacitor. Its working principle is the same as that of the first regenerative passive cushioning circuit. 51 1238589 22. As described in item 20 of the scope of the patent application, a high boost ratio converter that uses a coupled inductor for bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer, wherein the coupling inductance of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit is a high air gap High-excitation current dual-winding transformer; using this transformer with different turns ratios to separate the voltage and current range, the low-voltage side has fewer turns and the larger the current, and the voltage side does the opposite. 23. As described in item 20 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, in which the first regenerative passive damping circuit can absorb the inductance energy of the line and additionally accommodate the primary side of the coupled inductor The leakage inductance energy of the winding can be used for boosting the voltage, further providing the current path required for the coupling inductance of the secondary circuit when the semi-conductor switch is on. This principle is different from the conventional coupling inductor architecture, and it generates bidirectional magnetic The key technology of the circuit; the higher the leakage inductance of the primary winding of the coupled inductor will reduce the induced voltage of the secondary winding; the first regenerative passive damping circuit is used to increase the on-time of the power semiconductor switch, and the output voltage constant value can still be maintained; The coupling inductor used in the device can accept high leakage inductance transformers. It is not limited to the sandwich stacking method with high coupling coefficient, which can be completed by using the conventional two-winding split winding method. ® 24. As described in item 20 of the scope of patent application, a high step-up ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer using a coupled inductor, wherein the two ends of the clamping diode used in the first regenerative passive damping circuit are connected to power Semiconductor switches and clamping capacitors need to withstand the same voltage as power semiconductor switches, so they can use low-voltage, low-conduction Schottky diodes. 25. The high boost ratio converter using the two-way magnetic circuit energy transfer of the coupled inductor as described in item 20 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the first regenerative passive damping circuit 52 1238589 is connected at both ends of the discharge diode When the reverse voltage of the capacitor and the filter circuit of the circuit is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on, so the voltage required to withstand is lower than the output voltage, and no additional cushioning is required. Circuit; the lower the withstand voltage specification of the general diode, the lower the on-voltage. 26. As described in item 20 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, wherein the reverse voltage of the rectified diode used in the filter circuit is higher than the DC output voltage and the first When the regenerative passive damping circuit clamps the difference between the capacitor voltages, the discharge diode used by the first regenerative passive damping circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and no additional damping circuit is required; the The diode and the discharge diode used in the regenerative passive cushioning circuit are complementary to each other, so there is no problem that the reverse recovery current of the diode is too high. 27. A high step-up converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer from a coupled inductor, which includes a primary circuit: a power semiconductor switch and a primary winding of a coupled inductor. The polarity point is defined as the DC input. The positive connection of the circuit; a series regenerative passive damping circuit: a clamped diode, a discharge diode and a clamped capacitor; a secondary circuit: contains a high-voltage capacitor and a coupled inductor secondary winding, This polarity point defines the connection point with the high voltage capacitor; a filter circuit: a filter capacitor and a rectifying diode; the negative terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the clamp capacitor of the series regenerative passive damping 53 5338589 circuit; the primary side When the power semiconductor switch of the circuit is turned on, the current stores energy in the primary winding of the coupled inductor, and at the same time, the polarity point voltage of the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is positive. This winding voltage is combined with a series regenerative passive damping circuit to clamp the capacitor voltage. Regenerative passive damping circuit discharge diode High voltage and low current are used to charge the high-voltage capacitor of the secondary circuit; when the power semiconductor switch is turned off, the regenerative passive damping circuit clamps the capacitor in series, and clamps the diode through the circuit to absorb the leakage inductance energy of the primary winding of the coupled inductor; The current of the secondary winding turns, and the voltage at the non-polar point of the winding is positive. Combining the four voltages of the positive voltage, the DC input voltage, and the high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary circuit generated at the non-polar point of the primary winding of the coupled inductor. The filter circuit rectifies the diode and charges the filter capacitor to obtain a stable DC output. It is characterized in that the filter capacitor of the filter circuit and the series regenerative passive damping circuit clamp the capacitor string into a series type, while providing a DC output circuit, so the filter capacitor The voltage is lower than the output DC voltage, and the specifications lower than the output voltage can be used. In addition, there is still a high boost ratio, easy wiring, and the energy absorbed by the series regenerative passive cushioning circuit capacitor can be used for boosting and all switches. And diode can achieve voltage clamping function, high conversion efficiency Simple architecture, efficiency and step-up ratio is not directly related, small magnetizing inductance, electromagnetic interference and easy to handle for a large variation of the voltage applied to the input conversion means. 28. As described in item 27 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up converter using a bidirectional magnetic circuit for energy transmission using a coupled inductor, wherein the coupling inductance of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit is a high magnetization with a high air gap. Current double-winding transformer; Lee 54 1238589 Use this transformer to have different turns ratios to separate the voltage and current range. The low-voltage side has fewer turns and the higher the high-voltage side. 29. As described in item 27 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, in which the series regenerative passive damping circuit can absorb the inductance energy of the line, and additionally accommodate the primary side winding of the coupled inductor. The leakage inductance energy can be reused for boosting, and further provides the current path required for the coupling inductance of the secondary circuit when the power semiconductor switch is on. This principle is different from the conventional coupling inductor architecture, and it generates a two-way magnetic circuit. Key technologies; the higher the leakage inductance of the primary winding of the coupled inductor will reduce the induced voltage of the secondary winding; the use of a series regenerative passive damping circuit in conjunction with increasing the semiconductor switch on time can still maintain the output voltage constant; The coupling inductor used can accept high leakage inductance transformers. It is not limited to the sandwich stacking method with high coupling coefficient, which can be completed by using the conventional two-winding split winding method. 30. As described in item 27 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up ratio converter utilizing bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, wherein a clamping diode used in a series regenerative passive damping circuit is connected to a power semiconductor switch at each end As with clamping spring capacitors, the voltage required is the same as that of power semiconductor switches, so Schottky diodes with low voltage and low conduction loss can be used. 3L The high step-up ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer as described in item 27 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the discharge diode used in the series regenerative passive cushioning circuit is connected to a clamping capacitor and a filter at both ends, respectively. Circuit, when the reverse voltage is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamping capacitor voltage, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage. 55 1238589 No additional damping circuit is required; The lower the body's withstand voltage specification is, the lower the on-state voltage will be. A low-voltage diode with a low on-state loss can be used. 32. As described in item 27 of the scope of the patent application, a high boost ratio converter using a coupled inductor bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer, wherein the reverse voltage of the rectified diode used in the filter circuit is higher than the DC output voltage and series regeneration When the passive damping circuit clamps the difference in capacitor voltage, the discharge diode used in the series regenerative passive damping circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage, and no additional damping circuit is required; the diode Complementary conduction with the discharge diode used in the series regenerative passive _ cushioning circuit, so there is no problem of too high reverse recovery current of the diode, and it also has voltage clamping performance. 33. A high step-up converter using two-way magnetic circuit energy transfer with inductors, which contains --- secondary circuit: it includes a power semiconductor switch and a primary winding of a coupled inductor. The polarity point is defined as The positive connection of the DC input circuit; a series regenerative passive damping circuit: a clamped diode, a discharge diode and a clamped capacitor; a secondary circuit: a high-voltage capacitor and a coupled inductor secondary Side winding, the polarity point defines the connection point with the filter circuit; a filter circuit: a filter capacitor and a rectifying diode; the negative terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the clamping capacitor in series regenerative passive cushioning circuit; the primary side When the power semiconductor switch of the circuit is turned on, the current stores the energy 56 1238589 in the primary winding of the coupled inductor. The polarity point voltage of the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is positive. Combined with the high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary circuit, Filter capacitor charging; when the power semiconductor switch is turned off, the The non-polar point voltage is positive, and the winding voltage is clamped by the series regenerative passive damping circuit to clamp the diode and the discharge diode to charge the high-voltage capacitor. At this time, the leakage inductance current of the primary winding of the coupled inductor also passes through the clamped diode. To charge the clamping capacitor of the series regenerative passive damping circuit. When the clamping capacitor voltage rises above the power semiconductor switching voltage, the clamping diode reverses the cutoff, and the clamping capacitor voltage is discharged to the secondary side via the discharge diode path. Circuit high-voltage capacitor; It is characterized by the filter capacitor of the filter circuit and the series regenerative passive cushioning circuit clamping capacitor string in a series type, and also provides a DC output circuit. Therefore, the voltage of the filter capacitor is lower than the output DC voltage, which can be used lower than the output voltage. Specifications; the high-voltage capacitor voltage of the secondary circuit is almost completely provided by the secondary winding of the coupled inductor. The DC input voltage and the voltage of the primary circuit are not connected in series to the filter circuit; Low, high clamping voltage; however, increase the duty cycle to maintain a fixed output_ After the voltage is reduced, the effective value current of the power semiconductor switch can be reduced, in other words, the switching loss and the withstand current can be reduced; in addition, there is still a high boost ratio, easy wiring, and the energy absorbed by the series regenerative passive cushioning circuit capacitor can be reused. It can achieve voltage clamping function in boost, all switches and diodes, high conversion efficiency, simple structure, no direct correlation between efficiency and boost ratio, small excitation inductance, easy handling of electromagnetic interference and suitable for applications with large input voltage fluctuations. Conversion device. 57 1238589 34. As described in item 33 of the scope of the patent application, a high boost ratio converter that uses a coupled inductor for bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer, wherein the coupling inductance of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit is a high air gap High-excitation current dual-winding transformer; using this transformer with different turns ratios to separate the voltage and current ranges, the low-voltage side has fewer turns and the larger current, and the high-voltage side does the opposite. 35. As described in item 33 of the scope of the patent application, a high step-up converter using a bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of a coupled inductor, in which a series regenerative passive damping circuit can absorb the inductance energy of the line and additionally accommodate the primary winding of the coupled inductor The leakage inductance energy can be reused for boosting, and further provides the current path required for the coupling inductance of the secondary circuit when the power semiconductor switch is on. This principle is different from the conventional coupling inductor architecture, and it generates a two-way magnetic circuit. Key technology; the higher the leakage inductance of the primary winding of the coupled inductor will reduce the induced voltage of the secondary winding; the regenerative passive damping circuit is used to increase the on-time of the semiconductor switch, and the fixed value of the output voltage can still be maintained; The combined inductor can accept high leakage inductance transformers. It is not limited to use a sandwich winding method with a high combination coefficient, which can be completed by using the conventional two-winding method. Benefits described in 1C㈣33_Combined inductance bidirectional magnetic circuit energy :::: ratio converter In which the series regenerative passive damping circuit pole body is connected at both ends of the power semiconductor switch and clamped electricity: factory-made withstand voltage It is the same as a power semiconductor switch, so a Schottky diode with low voltage and low conduction loss can be used. In order to use this type of replacement, you can use a high boost ratio as described in item 33 of the “Patent Scope” to change households. Shidian uses a bidirectional magnetic circuit or a series regenerative passive damping circuit 58 1238589. The two ends of the pole body are respectively connected to the clamp capacitor and the filter circuit of the circuit. When the reverse voltage is higher than the difference between the output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage, the rectifier diode of the filter circuit is turned on, so the required withstand voltage is lower than the output voltage. No additional shock-absorbing circuit is needed; the lower the withstand voltage specification of the diode, the lower the on-voltage. 38. The high boost ratio of the bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transmission using the coupled inductor as described in item 33 of the patent application scope Inverters, where the reverse voltage of the rectified diode used in the filter circuit is higher than the difference between the DC output voltage and the clamp capacitor voltage, the 'discharge diode used in series regenerative passive damping circuit is turned on' Need to withstand voltage lower than the output voltage, no additional damping circuit is required; the diode and the discharge diode used in series regenerative passive damping circuit are complementary , So goes the diode reverse recovery current problem of excessively high. 59