TWI295118B - Thermal management systems for battery packs - Google Patents

Description

1295118 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a battery cooling system, and more specifically to a system for cooling a battery for a wireless power tool. [Prior Art] Wireless products using rechargeable batteries are common in the workplace and at home. From household items to power tools, many devices can be used

Charged battery. Typically, a recording mother or a metal gas battery unit is used in such devices. Since the devices use a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells are typically packaged as a battery pack. The battery packs are coupled to the wireless device and are fixed to the device. The battery pack can be removed from the wireless device and charged in the battery charger or charged in the wireless device itself. When the (4) mobile device is used, the money is supplied to the wireless device via the m. When current is drawn from the batteries, heat is generated within the battery. Also, during charging of the battery pack, heat is also accumulated during the charging process. The heat generated during the discharge of the batteries and during the charging of the batteries may, in turn, cause an increase in temperature, which may have a serious impact on the life and performance of the batteries. In order for the battery to be properly charged, the batteries must be below the required (four) boundary temperature and should minimize the differential temperature between the batteries and the batteries. Similarly, if the batteries become overheated during use, the battery life will be shortened. Similarly, if the voltage is also below the critical temperature of the characteristic, it will be too cold to be charged, so it must be heated before charging. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the battery at a desired temperature of 100235.doc 1295118 for best performance and optimum charging. Further, the battery pack generally includes some battery cells that are close to the outer wall of the battery pack, and some of the battery cells are surrounded by other battery cells. The cells adjacent to the outer walls have better thermal conductivity to the external environment than the cells surrounded by the other cells. When a battery pack is discharged on the wireless device, the heat generated is almost the same in each unit. ^ Yes, depending on the thermal path to the surrounding environment, different units reach different temperatures. Further, for the same reason, different units reach the same temperature during the discharge procedure. Therefore, if a cell is at an elevated temperature relative to the other single 7L, its charging or discharging efficiency will be different, and therefore, its "electric or S-electricity 35 can be more than ten. In this case, the boat causes a drop in performance of the entire battery pack. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present technology, the present invention provides a battery pack that dissipates heat within a battery pack during the charging of the single cell 70 and during discharge of the cells while the battery pack is in use. According to a first aspect of the invention, a heat exchange plate is provided in contact with the unit of the battery pack and provides at least a fluid passage in communication with the at least plate (four) and the source of the fluid. A pump is provided to carry the cooling fluid through the plate to extract heat from the battery pack. - According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a heat exchange contact with a unit of a cooling plate in contact with a cooling plate. The heat pipe draws heat from the battery pack by a suction process. According to another aspect of the invention, a fluid is placed within a battery pack housing 100235.doc 1295118 and is in circumferential contact with the unit of the battery pack. The battery pack housing includes at least one heat conductor metal plate in contact with the fluid and exposed to one of the outer casings. According to another aspect of the present invention, a cushioning mechanism (4) is provided to break the fluid in the outer eight to enhance the The cooling effect of the fluid around the unit. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, fluid surrounding the cells is extracted and a cooled fluid can be inserted into the outer casing to cool the cells. According to another aspect of the present invention, a single (10) battery pack is used with a c〇2 pump' and when the temperature of the units exceeds a predetermined temperature, the =c〇2 pump is adapted to exhaust to cool the And other units. The co2 discharged from the pump is controlled, or it can be completely released when it is required to cool quickly. According to another aspect of the invention, a sheath of gel or a sheath comprising a gel material having microphase-changing crystals is provided for the battery cells. The = phase change material maintains the battery pack at a melting level of the phase change material. When the material changes phase change, the temperature remains the same until the change has completely occurred. Therefore, when the phase change material begins to change phase, the temperature of the gel surrounding the battery cell can be maintained at a constant temperature for an extended period of time. This phase change occurs at a relatively constant = degree' to maintain the temperature of the cells below their specified maximum operating temperature. According to other aspects of the invention, the microphase-change liquid crystal may also be placed in a plastic material for the y unit carrier or battery case of the battery cells or 'other conductive materials For example, 'sand, copper and carbon fibers, so that the phase change material is formed in a portion of the heat sink that conducts heat away from the battery cells. Use phase change 100235.doc !295118

The apparatus for transferring the heat-generating material from the battery cells is also applicable to the powder material level-changing material suspended in a powder tool surrounding the other aspect of the invention, the motor tool outer casing is provided with a motor and a driving machine A plurality of cells, waxy materials or slurries in the metal battery casing of one of the hand-held portions are disposed in the outer casing of the phase cell. A housing comprising a plastic tool housing is provided that includes a hand held portion. In the tool. A battery pack has a releasable attachment housing 'and has a gold for placement. The metal battery case acts as a heat transfer. According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery system is provided that includes a plurality of units disposed within a battery housing, and the units are movable within the housing so that the plurality of units can be The different units in the unit are moved into and out of the cooling portion of the battery housing. The cooling portion may include a cooling feature such as a heat sink or otherwise actively cooled.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a powder tool having a tool housing is provided, the tool housing including a hand held portion. A motor and drive mechanism are built into the tool housing and a first fan is placed within the tool housing to provide cooling to the motor. A battery housing is releasably coupled to the tool housing and includes a plurality of units disposed within the battery housing. A first fan is placed within the battery housing to cool a plurality of cells within the battery housing. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a powder tool is provided that includes a tool housing. The tool housing includes a hand held portion. A motor and drive mechanism is placed within the tool housing and a battery housing is releasably coupled to the tool housing. A plurality of cells are placed in the battery casing, and a cold 100235.doc I295118 system is detachably attached to the tool casing and one of the battery casings to cool a plurality of cells within the battery casing. The cooling system can include a heat sink, a fan system for blowing air through the battery housing, a liquid cooling system, or other active or passive cooling system. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the cooling system may also be detachably attached to a battery charger unit and/or the battery housing to cool a plurality of the battery housing during the plurality of "single" charging periods. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a source of cooling fluid is coupled to a battery pack housing to provide cooling fluid to the battery pack housing. According to one aspect, the left compressed air can be used for cooling. Fluid to cool a plurality of cells within the battery pack housing. According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery system is provided that includes a housing having a plurality of units built in a double outer casing. Inside the money shell, an inductor coil is placed in the outer casing to generate a magnetic field in the outer casing of A to cause circulation of the rheological fluid in the outer casing. ♦ H variable fluid has thermal conductivity, and thus The rheological fluid passes through the units and provides a cold group of the battery cells from the battery cells: according to another aspect of the invention, a temperature sensor is placed on the electricity Jinguang to sense the temperature of the unit inside the battery casing. A temperature leaf is placed in the battery casing to be in the casing (four) temperature:: the user gives an indication. According to another aspect of the invention, the circuit is used in the casing The inside, the mouth 栌, the net ^ and the inside / the inside of a predetermined position cut off and one of the round out of the terminal pair J 00235. ώ 1295118 according to the detailed description below 'will understand the further development of the present invention Applicable fields should be understood to have 'the details of the invention and the specific examples to indicate the specific embodiment of the present invention, which is for the purpose of illustration and not intended to limit the invention. [Embodiment] The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the invention and its application or its use. Figure 1 illustrates a wireless device (e.g., a power tool), And designated as a reference numeral, the wireless device 1 generally includes a clamshell housing 2. The housing 2 includes a mechanism 3 for coupling the housing 2 to a battery pack 4. i..., the line device 1 includes electrical components 5, its with the battery The corresponding electrical component 6 in Fig. 4 includes a trigger 7, which is used to energize the motor 8 provided in the outer casing 2, as is well known in the prior art. , a plurality of battery cells 9 are placed in the battery pack 4. Referring to FIG. 1B, a functional control feature of the battery pack 4 and the battery charger 11 will be described in accordance with the principles of the present invention. 4 The power connection for charging and discharging passes through terminals 8 and B. Within the battery pack 4 is a battery pack ID (identification) component 12 that can be used for charging the charger n or the tool 1 The electronic control circuit 13 or the tool electronic control circuit 14 defines the chemistry, capacity and/or other battery characteristics of the battery (see Figure 1C). The battery pack 4 also has one or more temperature sensors (e.g., thermal resistance). The temperature sensor 15 is connected to the 4 charger unit 11 via the connector 16 and to the electronic controller 100235.doc 1295118 17 in the battery pack 4. The electronic controller 17 is responsible for protecting the units 9 in any condition (charger, tool and/or user tampering) exposed to the terminals A, B by the user. By using these semiconductor devices Qi & Q2, the discharge or charging current can be clamped off. As shown, the electronic circuit is powered by an internal power supply - 18, and the semiconductor devices Q1, Q2 are coupled by a driver circuit 19. ~ When connected to a charger unit 11, the charger electronic controller 13 can be powered from the battery power supply 18 via terminals A and C. This is merely exemplary 'because other components for powering the charger electronic controller 13 may also be employed. Battery and charger information can be exchanged via the serial data on terminals E and E. The charger electronic controller 丨3 will then allow the power controller 20 to deliver the desired voltage and current to the battery pack 4. Referring to FIG. 1C, the battery pack 4 is shown connected to a smart tool. The tool 1 also has an electronic controller 14 that can supply power from the battery power supply 18 via terminals a and C. The tool 1 includes a mechanical switch _OFF 81'. When the semiconductor Q1 is turned off, the mechanical switch S1 pulls the terminal B. If the semiconductor Q1 remains off while the battery pack 4 is in a sleep state, and the trigger 21 is suddenly pulled, the terminal b will be used to wake the battery pack 4 from a sleep mode of operation. The tool electronic controller 14 can be programmed to read the position of the trigger 21 and report the data back to the battery electronic controller 14 via the serial lines E and E. The battery electronic controller will change the PWM duty cycle via semiconductor Q1 to achieve a desired motor speed in tool i. When the semiconductor Q1 is off, the tool! The diode (1) will recirculate any inductor motor current to prevent voltage spikes. 100235.doc -J2- 1295118 An alternative tool does not have a smart controller (not shown), but may only have a trigger-switch 2 1 configured as a potentiometer and connected to terminals A, d or E and C. The battery electronic controller 17 then commands the semiconductor Q1 to switch to the desired duty cycle to produce the desired motor speed. Even, • There are tools that are less intelligent and have an on/off tool. These tools - only need to be connected to terminals Α and Β for operation. The present application relates to several methods for use in a power tool and during use of the battery charge (in the case of a battery charger unit) to manage the thermal environment around a battery unit of a battery pack . Referring to Figure 2, a battery pack 30 is provided for connection to a charger unit 32. The battery pack 30 includes an outer casing 34 in which a plurality of battery cells 9 are mounted. The battery cells 9 may be placed between a pair of metal plates 38 that are clamped on opposite sides of the battery cells 9. The panels may "have a liquid passage 4" extending through the plates 38, including an inlet passage 42 and an outlet passage 44. The passages 4 are traversed through the plates "φ metal (for example, copper) , Shao, etc.) pipes or heat pipes. When unit 9 heats up, the plates 38 will act as a heat sink for the heat generated. The copper or heat pipes 40 are used to remove heat from the plates so that they never reach a temperature that is balanced with the cells. Because it never reaches equilibrium, it can constantly carry away heat. For systems using metal tubing, fluid (e.g., water) is drawn from a reservoir 46 provided in the charger unit 32 by a pump 48. The heat exchanger 50 can be provided to extract heat from the fluid returning to the reservoir 46. The heat exchanger 50 can include a heat sink to increase heat transfer, or alternatively 100235.doc 1295118 can include an active cooling system (eg, a refrigeration system), or a fan can be used to draw fluid from the reservoir 46. Extract heat. The inlet and outlet ports 42, 44 of the fluid passage 40 within the battery pack 30 may be coupled to corresponding conduits in the charger unit 70 32 to provide fluid connection with the fluid passage from the pump 48 and the return passage 54. If the system of Figure 2 includes a heat pipe, the heat pipes should terminate in a heat sink mounted in the charger unit or the battery pack. When the battery pack is placed in the charger, a fan blows air through the heat sink to carry heat generated in the battery pack into the air. For fluid cooling methods using metal tubes, the heat transfer depends on the mass flow rate of the fluid. Higher volume fluids increase the amount of heat that can be carried away. The heat transfer capability can be changed by custom flow rate or pipe size. The flow rate can also be varied depending on the temperature input from the battery pack. The heat transfer depends on the working fluid. The choice of working fluid may allow it to maximize performance over a wide range of temperatures and environmental conditions in all temperature ranges while maintaining low cost and high reliability. If the battery pack is below the minimum charging temperature, the copper tube method may be reversed to heat the battery pack. Since the movement and type of fluid can be fully controlled, this method has a greater ability to remove heat than the heat pipe method. If the working fluid is cooled below ambient temperature (e. g., by using a refrigeration unit), there is greater ability to remove heat from the battery pack. This heat pipe method also has many advantages. The heat pipe method is a completely enclosed system that does not require fluid to move across the battery/charger boundary. Right to use multiple unrelated heat pipes in the system, the system will continue to operate under the condition that the battery pack/cooling system is damaged in 100235.doc -14-1295118. Since the heat pipes generate fluid flow via a suction method, the heat pipe system is relatively simple. This situation eliminates the need for a pump and a method of generating fluid flow. Since air cooling from the charger is still required to cool the heat sinks that are terminated by the heat exchangers, this system can be combined with a conventional fan cooling system to further enhance battery pack cooling. The above two systems may also be adapted to operate when the battery pack is in the tool. The battery pack 60 is provided with reference to Fig. 3' together with a refrigeration system for cooling a battery unit within a battery pack 60. The refrigeration system may be provided in a charger unit to cool the battery pack during recharging of the battery pack. In this system, the battery pack 60 is charged as a vaporizer in a standard refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is compressed by a compressor 62. The refrigerant is then passed to a condenser 64 where heat is removed and the coolant liquefied. From the cooler 64, the liquid coolant is transferred to a φ expansion valve 66 where it is mixed with a recooled liquid at the expansion valve 66. Then, the liquid is introduced into the internal passage in the battery pack 6 by evaporating into a gas by absorbing heat from the battery pack 6 。. Then, the steam is returned to the compressor 62 to repeat the cycle. A refrigeration system as illustrated in Fig. 3 can be employed in the charger unit 32 as illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein the compressor, condenser and evaporator 66 are housed within the battery charger unit. The connection to the battery pack can be obtained in the same manner as explained with reference to Fig. 2. Referring to FIG. 4, a battery pack 70 is provided, including a plurality of battery cells 72 that are placed in a housing 74, I00235.doc^ 15- 1295118. The outer casing 74 is filled with a fluid surrounding the battery cells 72. The outer casing 74 has a watertight seal and includes an electrical connector 78 that is insert molded into a plastic wrap 74. At least one thermally conductive plate 80 (e.g., an aluminum plate) may be insert molded into a sidewall of the outer casing 74 that contacts the fluid 76 to conduct heat from the fluid 76 to the exterior of the outer casing 74. When the battery pack 70 is inserted into the power tool or received in a battery charger, the heat sink 82 is brought into contact with the heat conducting plate 80. The heat sink 82 assists in guiding heat away from the heat conducting plate 80 and has fins, or is otherwise passively or actively cooled to provide additional cold portions to the heat conducting plates 8A. If desired, the fluid within the outer casing 74 is agitated by an ultrasonic device 84 or other device that is turned on by a battery pack controller 414 to agitate the fluid within the envelope. Stirring of the fluid increases the heat transfer from the units 72 to the fluid 76 and from the fluid % to the heat conducting plate 80. The system produces a greater thermal mass due to the extra mass produced by the fluid, and also causes transients in the battery pack. In addition, the heat transfer in the battery pack 70 is reduced due to heat transfer within the agitated system. eliminate. In order for the battery pack 7 to operate, the cooling system requires little or no heat. If the grant device 84' is turned on, its power "will be low enough not to have a significant impact on the operation of the battery pack 70. The system may absorb/dissipate a large heat I' and allow High charging and discharging rates are carried out. The cooling system does not include any moving parts and is therefore financially reliable. ... Referring to Figure 5, the display - the battery pack is inserted in - the battery charging (4). Connected to the charger unit 92 to provide compressed air via a high pressure air line 96 of 100235.doc '16-1295118, the high pressure air line 96 passing through a venting passage 98 in the outer casing 1 of the battery pack 90 High pressure air is introduced. The outer casing 100 may have additional venting passages 102 to allow air to escape from within the battery pack 90 and thereby carry heat away from the battery cells 1 .

It will be appreciated that the compressor 94 may have the charger or system as a separate unit connected to the charger unit 92. A valve 1 〇 6 may be provided in the charger unit 92 in the high pressure air line to control the flow of high pressure air for cooling the battery pack. The charger controller 丨3 can be used to turn the valve 丨〇6 on and off corresponding to a detected high temperature. As air passes through the nozzle and expands back to ambient pressure, its temperature will drop. By setting the system so that the temperature may drop below the ambient temperature, the ability of air to carry heat away from the battery pack increases. Another advantage of this method is that as the air passes through the nozzle, its velocity will increase. This in turn means that the speed of movement of the air moving through the battery pack is higher than the possible speed of air movement in the case of a known fan. The heat transfer coefficient is increased by the coronal speed of the second day, allowing for better heat transfer from the battery pack to the empty milk. Second, increasing the air velocity increases the tidal b-14, thereby further increasing the ability of the air to remove heat. The compressor 94 can be turned on and off cyclically as needed to provide gas through the battery pack at any time during the charge 2, the compressor 94 preferably being a micro-compressor, ΟΛ μ encountered The cooling method is provided by providing a charger or a shop air system and a mouth on the charger 92 or the battery, 'the part of the battery, '. Α ^ Μ ^ ^ The compressed air cooling of the present invention is controlled by the use of a lower temperature than the ring, phoenix and a high speed airflow to change 100235.doc 1295118 good cooling. The system is more robust than a standard air cooling system that uses a fan and can be used to provide cooling at any time during the charging cycle. This compact air system can be combined with a Hirsch Vortex device to further enhance cooling by reducing the air temperature as air passes into the battery pack 90. Referring to Figure 6, a battery pack 11 is provided for connection to a charger unit 112. The battery pack 110 includes a unit expander 114 and a thermal resistor 15 that senses the temperature of the unit expander 114. The thermistor 15 is electrically connected to a control unit π provided in a charger unit 112. The charger control unit 13 controls the C〇2 discharge from the C〇2 pump 120 by opening and closing the pressure relief valve 122. The pressure relief valve 122 is in communication with a passage 124 that communicates with a passage 126 provided in the outer casing 130 of the battery pack 11A. When the control unit 13 detects that the temperature of the battery pack exceeds a predetermined level (via a signal from the one of the thermal resistors 15), the control unit 13 turns on the valve 12 2 to release C 02 into the battery pack 11 〇 To cool the battery unit bundle 5|114. The battery pack 110 may include a venting passage provided in the housing 13 for allowing air and C 〇 2 within the battery pack 110 to escape. If the pressure is released from the c〇2 pump 120, the temperature of the gas from the pump is often lower than 〇 Celsius. This situation greatly reduces the ambient temperature within the battery pack, thereby enhancing heat transfer from the units to the surrounding environment. The cooling method can be controlled by pulsing the pressure relief valve 122 as needed to maintain the battery pack in the operating temperature range. Due to the limited capacity of the C Q 2 pump, the life of the method is limited, so that the 100235.doc -18 - 1295118 can replace the c〇2 pump with a non-designed pump. A pressure sensor 丨32 can be employed with the pressure relief valve 122 to provide a pressure signal to the controller 13. When the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor 132 drops below a predetermined level, the control unit 13 may provide a signal to an audible or visual signaling device 13 3 to indicate to the user that the c 〇 2 is required to be replaced. Air pump. In addition, the control unit 13 cannot deactivate the charger unit such that the charger unit is not used and the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor 132 reaches a predetermined level before the C〇2 pump is replaced. Using a c〇2 pump cooling system provides active cooling at a lower cost with minimal moving parts. Due to the small number of moving parts, the reliability of the system is extremely high. The system is out-of-the-box, minimizing downtime and can be constructed with readily available parts and takes up very little space. Referring to Figure 7, a similar system is implemented by providing a C 〇 2 pump 134 between the units 136 within the battery pack 140. A controller unit 17 is employed within the battery pack 14 to detect the temperature within the battery pack 140, along with a thermal resistor. The control unit 17 takes the same manner as the controller 13 (as discussed above) to control the discharge of C〇2 from the C〇2 pump. The system of Figure 7 has two advantages over the use of the CO2 pump in the charger unit. First, the surface of the c〇2 pump will be cooled with the release of gas and it will absorb some of the heat from the cells. Second, the system can be activated during discharge and charging of the battery pack 140. In certain situations (e.g., overcharging) or in extreme environments, a particular battery may become thermally deactivated, causing a rapid increase in temperature. If a heat out of control condition is detected, the high pressure c〇2 pump will receive a full 100235.doc -19-1295118 discharge to quickly cool the units. As illustrated in Figure 8, the C 〇 2 pump 150 is provided in a charger unit 152 and has a nozzle portion 154 for discharging directly via a passage 156 provided in the housing 158 of a battery pack 160. Vents 162 are provided in multiple sides of the battery pack housing 158 to allow C〇2 to escape from the battery pack 160 when more CO2 is introduced. The C〇2 pump is used to provide a low cost temperature control device. The C〇2 pump can be easily replaced with the use. If the c〇2 pump is dysfunctional, the battery pack input/output can be turned off by the controller until the user replaces the pump. Using a C02 pump for discharge during an uncontrolled condition prevents a dangerous situation from occurring. The C02 pump can be placed inside the battery pack itself, as illustrated in Figure 7, or placed in the charger unit, as illustrated in Figures 6 and 8. When the C02 pump is placed in the battery pack, the c〇2 pump consumes a lot more space than an extra unit. Referring to Figure 9, a circuit diagram is provided in which battery cells 164 provided in the battery pack 16 are coupled to a charger unit 152. A thermal resistor 15 is provided to sense the temperature of the early element 164 and provide a signal to a charger controller 13 provided in a charger unit 152. Upon detecting that the battery temperature exceeds a predetermined level, the charger controller 13 transmits a signal to activate a solenoid actuating device 170 for discharging CO2 from the C〇2 pump 150. As illustrated in Figure 8, the CO 2 pump has a nozzle in communication with a passage in the battery pack 160 such that the discharged c 〇 2 floods the battery unit 164 within the battery pack 160 for rapid cooling. Referring to FIG. 10, an alternative embodiment of the control circuit is illustrated in which the C〇2 pump 134 is placed in the battery pack 140, and a battery control 100235.doc -20-I295118 controller 17 receives A signal of a thermal resistor 15 (which detects the temperature of the battery cells 136). Upon detecting that the temperature of the battery unit exceeds a predetermined level, the battery controller 17 provides a % apostrophe to a solenoid 176 to activate the 忒C〇2 pump 134 to discharge within the battery pack 140. The battery cells 136 are cooled. In the setting illustrated in Fig. 10, the c〇2 pump and the I system are all included in the battery pack. Here, the temperature is monitored by the controller 17, and if a condition of excessive temperature is detected, the battery controller 17 activates the solenoid 176 to open the pump 134. By this. Again, the Co can be released during discharge to, for example, prevent heat from being out of control in the event of a short circuit in the battery pack. When the c〇2 pump container itself is rapidly cooled during discharge, it acts like a heat sink within the battery pack for removing heat from the battery cells 136. Referring to Fig. 11, a cooling method is proposed which uses the latent heat of a fuse of a phase change material to maintain the battery pack at the melting temperature of the phase change material. When the material changes phase (in this case from solid to liquid) φ, the temperature remains the same until the phase change has completely occurred. As illustrated in the figure, a battery unit 180 is provided having a hose 182 enclosing the unit 18 凝. The gel tube 182 has a thin plastic sheet containing an inner layer of a gel solution and one of the outer layers. The gel contains a fluid medium, such as water or other fluid, and microphase-varying crystals are suspended in the solution. The micro phase change crystals have a size of 25 to 50 microns and are composed of a wax material (e.g., paraffin) encapsulated in a thermoplastic. When the battery unit 18 releases heat, it transfers heat to the gel tube 1 82. This phase change begins once the tube reaches the melting temperature of the butterfly (i.e., 50 degrees Celsius). When the wax is melted inside 100235.doc -21 · 1295118, etc., it will absorb the heat released by the unit. Since the gel is capable of absorbing heat at the same rate as the heat of the unit, H will first be maintained at a constant temperature. The system remains below the specified temperature as long as the microphase change crystal used is sufficient to ensure that the phase change takes longer than the battery pack charges or discharges. The 'reference to Fig. 12' can be obtained by wrapping a unit of the undulator 184 in a gel blanket 186. Like the tube 182, the blanket 186 contains microphase-varying crystals suspended in a fluid solution for absorbing heat from the entire battery pack as the battery pack heats up. The gel tube or gel blanket cooling system is a passive cooling method in which the towel has no movements of 35 parts and no depreciation. The system is* contained in the battery pack and does not need to flow through the battery pack or heat sink to flow any airflow outside the battery pack, but heat and air flow can also be used in combination with the gel tube or blanket. This system is time-limited because it delays the temperature by two, and is not limited by the amount of heat that can be absorbed. This system can be cycled thousands of times. Once the temperature drops below the melting temperature of φ, the re-solidification of the wax allows the procedure to be repeated. Since the wax is encapsulated in its own shell, there is no material expansion when it melts. The additional advantages are obtained by suspending the crystal system in a fluid solution such that the mass of the fluid solution must be heated to the phase transition temperature prior to initiating the phase transition procedure to extend the thermal run time. It should be noted that some battery packs include paper or plastic insulated tubes surrounding the unit. The gel tube or gel blanket replaces the paper tube and therefore does not take up a significant amount of additional space. An alternative system using a micro phase change crystal is provided with reference to Fig. 13'. 100235.doc -22- 1295118 The u phase change crystal system is mixed as a filler in the raw materials for making the battery casing and the single carrier. As illustrated in Figure 13, the unit carrier 19 is formed of a thermoplastic material comprising micro-phase-varying crystals suspended in the plastic of the carrier 19〇. As illustrated in Fig. 14, a thermoplastic material for making a plastic carrier and a battery casing is injected through a conventional screw-type plastic injection molding 4194, and will be near the exit end of the screw 194 - The micro phase change crystal 196 is introduced into the screw type plastic injection molding device 194. The thermoplastic material 192 mixed with the micro phase change crystal 196 is introduced into a molding cavity 198 of a mold 200 to form the plastic carrier and/or the outer casing of the battery pack. When the battery cells 202 generate heat during charging or discharging, heat is transferred to the carrier 190 and the outer casing, and heat is absorbed at the carrier 19 and the outer casing by the wax in a crystal change state. Because of the higher latent heat capacity of the crystals, the system is capable of absorbing heat at the same rate as the heat of the unit, thereby maintaining the system at a constant temperature. The system is kept below the specified maximum operating temperature as long as the number of microphase-changing crystals used is sufficient to ensure that the phase change takes longer than the battery pack charges or discharges. The system of Figure 13 provides a passive cooling method without any moving parts - and depreciation. The cooling system is integrated into the plastic housing so that the need to provide additional processing to add gel or crystal to the battery pack is eliminated. The system is limited by the time required for the phase change crystal to change phase, and is not limited by the amount of heat that can be absorbed. This system can be cycled thousands of times. Once the temperature drops below the enchantment temperature, the ant's re-solidification allows the procedure to be repeated. The system can be further enhanced by the use of thermally conductive plastic to transfer a portion of the heat to the surrounding environment 100235.doc -23- 1295118. Even if the advanced body is damaged due to the injection molding process or damage due to damage to the battery pack, the system can operate because the wax is the second/' portion of the battery pack. Bu-I-Integration - Referring to Figure 15, there is provided another alternative method for cooling the battery cells using a micro-phase varying crystal. 70 202 wherein a micro-phase varying crystal is used to form a very efficient heat sink 210. The heat sink 210 is formed of a heat conductive material such as ruthenium, copper on the iron wall or carbon fiber, and throughout the matrix: a microphase change crystal is scattered. The heat sink 210 provides the advantages of both micro-phase varying crystals and high conductivity metals. As an alternative design as illustrated in Figure 17, the micro-phase varying crystals 212 can be inserted between heat sinks 214 of a heat sink 216 made of aluminum, copper or other thermally conductive material. Battery cells 202 are placed adjacent to each other. The advantages of the above two cooling methods are again combined between the fins using a micro phase change crystal. The cooling system disclosed in Figures 15 and 17 provides a passive cooling method without any moving parts and depreciation parts. The system is contained within a battery pack and does not require any airflow through the battery pack. This system can be cycled thousands of times. Once the temperature drops below the melting temperature, re-solidification of the phase change crystals allows the process to be repeated. Referring to Figure 16, a battery pack 22 is provided that includes a plurality of battery cells 222 disposed within a housing 224. The outer casing 224 is filled with a wax, powder or other solution 226 comprising a phase change material of microencapsulation. When the battery cells 222 reach a refining temperature of the microencapsulated phase change material, the micropackage phase change material begins to change phase. This phase change occurs at a temperature of 100235.doc -24 - 1295118, which is relatively constant, so that the temperature of the cells remains below their specified maximum operating temperature. (d) The pool enclosure may be constructed of a metallic material (eg, ▼ 1 Lu) and m acts as a heat sink for the heat generated in the cells: Heat is transferred to the gold-shell and conducted to the surrounding environment via the can, powder or solution. The system of the diagram provides a passive cooling • #法' without any moving parts and depreciation parts. The system is contained in a battery pack and does not require any airflow through the battery pack. This system is limited by the amount of heat that can be absorbed by the φ. The system can be cycled into tens of thousands of people, and once the temperature drops below the melting temperature, the phase change material resolidifies, allowing the process to be repeated. When the phase change material is provided in the -polymer solution, the crystal system is suspended in a fluid/column such that the mass of the fluid solution must be heated to the phase transition before beginning the phase change transition procedure The temperature, thus extending the thermal run time, has the added advantage. In addition, in Fig. 18, the power tool 230 has a plastic Φ glue/outer 232 including a hand-held portion. A motor 236 and a drive mechanism 238 are built in the tool housing 232. As is well known in the art of power tools, the drive mechanism 8 can include a gear reduction mechanism, a drive shaft, an interchangeable device, and the like. A battery pack 240 is mounted to the tool housing and includes a metal battery housing. The housing 242 includes a plurality of units 244 disposed therein. The use of a plastic tool housing provides the advantages of using plastic to assemble the tool and mold the case. The use of a metal battery housing adds additional thermal conductivity to the battery housing to help remove heat from the battery cells 244. Referring to Figures 19A and 19B, a battery pack 25A has a plurality of cells 252. 100235.doc -25- 1295118 The units 252 are placed on a rotating wheel mechanism 254 that allows the battery units to be moved from the hot portion of the battery pack to the cooler portion of the battery pack 25G . For example, a cold source 256 (eg, a 'heat sink, a pemer device, or a liquid cooling system) may be employed in the portion of the battery pack 25G so that the "cooling feature 256" is placed against the unit placed near the cooling feature, The cooling, not the additional cells placed near the cooling feature, may not be properly cooled. So let this

Rotation to move the thermal unit from the hot zone within the battery pack to a cooler portion of the battery pack to remove heat from the cells. It should be understood that the cooling location may include a heat sink or other actively cooled regions within the battery pack 25 (the heat from the thermal cells may be extracted and discharged in the same region) and may be within the battery pack The cells are continuously moved or rotated or swapped to maintain the battery cells within a predetermined temperature range. The swapping or moving of the units 252 can be performed by manually indicating to the user that a particular unit has reached an undesired temperature, by manual rotation of a section 258 mounted to the rotating wheel 254; Alternatively, it can be automatically implemented by a control system and a driving mechanism for driving the rotating wheel 254. Terminal brushes 259a, 259b provide electrical contact between the rotating wheels 254a, 254b and terminal 257 to allow rotation of the rotating wheel 254. Referring to Figure 20, a power tool 260 is provided that includes a tool housing 262 that includes a hand held portion 264. As is known in the art, a motor 266 and a drive mechanism (not illustrated) are disposed within the tool housing 262. A battery pack 270 including a battery case 272 is releasably coupled to the tool housing 262. The battery pack 270 includes a unit expander 274 disposed within the housing 272 100235.doc -26 - 1295118 and a fan 276. Preferably, the fan 276 controls a DC-electric motor fan by a controller provided in the battery pack, the remote controller senses the temperature of the unit burst 274 and 4 once the unit bundle The fan 276 is activated to reach the predetermined temperature to cool the unit. The fan 276 draws air into the battery pack 27 - the outer casing 272. The housing 272 may be provided with a plurality of venting holes to control the flow of air through the battery pack 27 such that air can be vented to the tool housing 262 for additional cooling of the motor 266; or it may be designed Air is discharged directly from the battery pack housing 272 into the surrounding environment. A fan 280 driven by an additional DC motor or a fan coupled to the tool drive motor may be provided within the tool housing 262 as needed to provide direct cooling to the motor 266. Referring to Figure 21, a battery pack 290 attached to a tool or a battery charger 292 is shown and schematically illustrated. During this general setup, the battery pack is directly connected to the tool/charger. • A module cooling system is provided with reference to Figure 22A', which includes an optional force system 294 that can be mounted to or mounted to the tool/charger 292. As illustrated in Figure 22B, the cooling system 294 includes a fan unit that is placed within the cooling system for blowing air through the battery pack 29 to cool the unit therein. The cooling system can be removed from the battery pack 290 such that in a lighter load application, the tool can be used to catalyze the battery pack 290 without the cooling system 294. However, in heavy duty applications, the cooling system 29 can be snapped onto the tool 292 or battery pack 29 to provide the desired cooling for the 100235.doc -27-1295118 unit within the battery pack. Additionally, when the battery pack 290 is placed on a charger 292 (Fig. 22C), the cooling system 294 can be used to blow air through the battery pack to control the cells within the battery pack 290. Module management of the cooling-system 294 allows the cooling system 294 to be sold as a separate item or as a kit with a tool, charger, and battery system. It should be noted that the module cooling system 294 may also take the form of a heat sink or other active cooling system (eg, a fluid cooling system as disclosed above) that may be removably mounted to the electrical ground group 290 or Tool/Charger 292 Referring to Figure 23, a battery pack 300 is provided that includes a housing 3〇2 in which a unit expander 304 is built. A first-class fluid 306 is provided within the outer casing 302 and surrounds the unit expander 304. The rheological fluid has good thermal conductivity characteristics, and as is known in the art, when a magnetic field is applied to the theoretical fluid, the rheological fluid changes from a generally liquid state to a solid φ state. Accordingly, a conductor coil 308 is provided within the outer casing 302 to create a pulsed magnetic field such that the rheological fluid 3〇6 alternates in a solid and liquid state to circulate around the unit burst 3 〇4. The circulating theoretical fluid 306 draws heat from the unit burst and provides cooling to the unit expander. Referring to Fig. 24', a battery pack control circuit is provided in a battery pack 3A including a plurality of cells 3丨2. The circuit includes detecting the temperature of the cells 312 and disconnecting a switch, circuit breaker or MOSFET (e.g., 316) one of the thermal resistors 314 to disable electrical connection to the cells 312, thereby allowing such Single 100235.doc -28- 1295118 yuan for discharging or charging the battery pack 3 1 〇 disabled. Thus, by circuitry provided in the battery pack 310, the control circuitry ensures that the cells 3 12 cannot continue to be charged or discharged when the temperature of the battery cells exceeds a predetermined temperature. Referring to Figures 25 and 26, a battery pack 32 is shown schematically comprising a plurality of cells 322 employing a circuit and including a thermal resistor 324 for sensing the temperature of the cells 322 and for mounting to the battery pack 32. A thermometer 326 on the outer surface of the outer casing 328 provides an appropriate signal. The thermometer 326 (shown in Figure 26) is displayed to the user when the battery pack becomes too hot to continue to be used. The thermometer 326 provided on the battery pack 320 can be used in combination with other cooling techniques provided in the present disclosure to indicate to the user that the cooling technique is required. In particular, the technique illustrated in Figure 2 can be used in which fluid cooling is provided to the battery pack via a storage fluid chamber and a pumping system that exchanges the warm fluid within the battery pack with a cooler fluid. Additionally, as illustrated in Figure 5, the battery pack is attached to the charger such that compressed air can be used to cool the battery pack for continued use by the operator. The thermometer can also be used in combination with the system disclosed in Figure 19 as an indicator to indicate to the user that the battery needs to be manually moved or swapped to a cooler location within the battery pack. The system can be used in conjunction with the systems disclosed in Figures 22A and 22B to indicate to the user that a module cooling system needs to be added to the battery pack to actively cool the cells within the battery pack. The nature of the present invention is intended to be illustrative only and, therefore, it is intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. 100235.doc -29- 1295118 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1A is used to apply the thermal management system in accordance with the principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1B is a schematic system diagram of functional control of the battery pack and battery charger in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and FIG. 1C is a function of the battery pack and tool in accordance with the principles of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack and a battery charger unit having a liquid crystal cooling system in accordance with the principles of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a diagram of one of the battery packs for cooling according to the principles of the present invention; Schematic of a cooling system; Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a battery pack filled with a cooling fluid in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a system for cooling a battery pack using compressed air in accordance with the principles of the present invention; Figure 6 is a system for cooling a battery pack using a c〇2 pump in accordance with the principles of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery cooling system for cooling a battery pack using a c〇2 pump in the battery pack; Figure 8 is a diagram of cooling the battery pack during charging in accordance with the principles of the present invention. And a schematic diagram of a battery discharge unit including a C02 pump; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for controlling the start of a C02 pump according to the principle of the present invention for 100235.doc -30-1295118; A schematic diagram of a control circuit for initiating a C〇2 pump for cooling a battery cell of the battery pack in accordance with the principles of the present invention; FIG. 11 is included in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Schematic perspective view of one of the microphase-changing liquid crystal gels for cooling the battery cells of a battery pack; Figure 12 is a diagram of a battery for a battery pack in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Schematic perspective view of one of the microphase-changing liquid crystals for cooling a single g element; FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a plastic carrier containing one of microphase-change liquid crystals for cooling a plurality of cells in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of a method of forming the plastic carrier of Figure 13; Figure 15 is a schematic perspective view of a heat sink made of a conductive material in accordance with the principles of the present invention, including a microphase-varying crystal to be a The unit of the battery pack provides a heat sink; Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary battery pack comprising a plurality of cells surrounded by a suspension medium, comprising a microphase-varying crystal suspended in the suspension medium, in accordance with the present invention. Figure 17 is a perspective view of a heat sink having a heat sink to cool a battery cell unit and including a phase change material interposed between the heat sinks to enhance the cooling characteristics of the heat sink; Figure 18 is a perspective view of the heat sink; A plan view showing a power tool including a plastic housing including a motor in the housing and an integrated shape in accordance with the principles of the present invention a hand-held portion; and a battery pack having a metal casing for conducting heat away from the plurality of cells; 100235.doc -31 - 1295118 Figure 19A is a schematic side of a battery pack having one of a plurality of cells View, the plurality of cells are movable within the battery pack to move the cells from a warm portion of the battery pack to a cooled portion of the battery pack; Figure 19B is a schematic representation of the battery pack of Figure 19A Figure 20 is a schematic view of a power tool including a fan provided in the battery pack for cooling a unit of the battery pack in the battery pack; and a separate fan for use To cool the motor of the power tool; FIG. 21 is not intended to describe a standard battery pack and tool/charger system for b months, and FIG. 22 includes FIGS. 22A, 22B, and 22C, which are combined with a battery pack and employ a modulation. A schematic diagram of a tool and a charger system of a cooling system that can be separated from the tool/charger and/or battery pack to provide selective cooling to the battery pack when needed; FIG. 23 includes placement on Inside a casing A plurality of cells and including a battery system for one of the rheological fluids used to conduct heat away from the cell expander in the housing; Figure 24 is for use in the temperature of the cells exceeding a predetermined position FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram for initiating a thermometer placed on the battery pack to indicate to the user when the battery pack reaches a predetermined temperature; and FIG. 26 is schematic A battery pack for use in a power tool in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes a thermometer placed on the exterior of the battery pack. [Main component symbol description] 1 Wireless device/Smart tool 2 Clamshell type housing 100235.doc -32 - 1295118 3 Mechanism 4 Battery pack 5, 6 Electrical component 7 Trigger 8 Battery pack 9 Battery unit 11 Battery charger 12 Battery pack ID (identification) component 13 The charger electronic control circuit 14 Tool electronic control circuit 15 Temperature sensor / thermistor 16 Connector 17 Electronic controller 18 Internal power supply 19 Driver circuit 20 Power controller 21 Trigger 30 Battery pack 32 Charger unit 34 Housing 38 Metal plate 40 Liquid channel 42 Inlet channel 44 Outlet channel 100235.doc -33- 1295118 46 Reservoir 48 Pump 50 Heat exchanger 54 Return channel 60 Battery pack 62 Compressor 64 Condenser 66 Expansion valve /compressor, condenser and evaporator

70 Battery pack 72 Battery unit 74 Plastic wrap/shell 76 Fluid 78 Electrical connector 80 Thermal plate 82 Heat sink 84 Ultrasonic device / Stirrer 90 Battery pack 92 Battery charger 94 Compressor 96 South air line 98 Ventilation channel 100 Enclosure 102 Additional Ventilation Channels 106 Valves 100235.doc -34- 1295118 110 Battery Pack 112 Charger Unit 114 Unit Bulker 120 C02 Inflator 122 Pressure Relief Valve 124 Channel 126 Channel 130 Housing

132 Pressure sensor 133 Auditory or visual signal device 134 C〇2 Inflator 136 Battery unit 140 Battery pack 150 C02 Inflator 152 Charger unit 156 Channel 158 Battery pack 160 housing 160 Battery pack 162 Vent 164 Battery unit 170 Screw Thread starter 176 solenoid 180 battery unit 182 gel tube 100235.doc -35- 1295118 184 unit burst 186 gel blanket 190 unit carrier 192 thermoplastic material 194 screw type plastic injection molding device 196 micro phase change Crystal 198 molding cavity 200 mode

202 Battery unit 210 Heat sink 212 Micro phase change crystal 214 Heat sink 216 Heat sink 220 Battery pack 222 Battery unit 224 Housing 226 Solution 230 Power tool 232 Plastic tool housing 23 6 Motor/drive mechanism 240 Battery pack 242 Metal battery housing 244 Battery unit 250 Battery pack 100235.doc -36- 1295118 252 Battery unit 254 Rotating wheel mechanism 256 Cold source 257 Terminal 258 m Section 260 Power tool 262 Tool housing 264 Handheld part 266 Motor 270 Battery pack 272 Battery housing 274 Unit burst 276 Fan 290 Battery pack 292 Tool or battery charger 294 Cooling system ^ 300 Battery pack * 302 Enclosure ^ 304 Unit burst 306 Rheology fluid 308 Conductor coil 310 Battery pack 312 Battery unit 314 Thermal resistor 100235.doc -37- 1295118

316 Switch, Circuit Breaker or MOSFET 320 Battery Pack 322 Battery Unit 324 Thermal Resistor 326 One Thermometer 328 Housing 414 Battery Pack Controller 259a Terminal Brush

259b Terminal Brush A Terminal B Terminal C Terminal D Terminal/Series Line E Terminal/Series Line Q1 Semiconductor Device Q2 Semiconductor Device S 1 Mechanical Switch 100235.doc -38-

Claims (1)

I29M0f"807369 Patent Application Chinese Patent Application Range Replacement (October 1996) Patent Application: A wireless power tool comprising: a tool housing; a motor mounted to the tool housing; a tool electronic controller disposed in the tool housing, the tool electronic controller configured to A stylized operation is performed; and a battery pack is coupled to the tool housing, the battery pack including a battery electronic controller connectable to the tool electronic controller. 2. The cordless power tool of claim 1 wherein the tool electronic controller is powered by a power supply within the battery pack. 3. The item k wireless electric harness further includes a switch arranged on the work enclosure, wherein activation of the switch causes the battery electronic controller to change from a sleep mode of operation to an active mode of operation. 4. The wireless power tool of claim 1 wherein the step further comprises a two battery charger, the battery charger unit comprising a charger electronic controller connectable to the battery electronic controller. 5. If the wireless power tool is included in the battery pack 2, the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor provides a temperature signal to the battery electronic controller. 6. = Unconstrained k wireless electric guard, wherein the temperature sensor can be connected: the tool electronic controller provides a temperature to the tool electronic controller. 7. The wireless power tool of claim 1 is further advanced. ^纟# 乂L 3 A battery pack identification - The battery pack identification component includes information for storing O:\100\100235-961029DOC 1295118 related to battery characteristics. 8 · If the wireless electric worker is called the item 7, the two are connected to the work item ~ ^, and the turtle pool identification component can be electronically controlled by the electronic controller to the tool. News. - Thousands of Μ Μ 9 · 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如Storing information, wherein the battery electronic controller controls the motor to control the motor. 10. The wireless power tool of claim 1, wherein the at least one battery outputs a current width pulse width modulation load cycle. a power tool comprising: a tool housing; a motor mounted to the tool housing; a tool electronic controller arranged in the tool housing; a battery pack connected to the tool housing, the battery pack The utility model comprises a battery electronic controller which can be connected to the electronic controller of the Hai tool; and a temperature sensor located in the 4 battery pack, the temperature sensor provides a μ degree k諕 to the battery electronic controller, the temperature sensing The device can be connected to the tool tweezers controller to provide the temperature signal to the tool electronic controller. 2 _%%1 of the wireless power tool, wherein the battery pack is used A power supply supplies power to the tool electronic controller. 1 3. The wireless power tool of claim 11, further comprising a switch arranged on the tool housing, wherein the activation of the switch causes the battery to be electronically IOO\100235 -96I029.DOC 6 1295118 The controller changes from a sleep operation mode to an active operation wedge M. The wireless power tool of claim 11 includes a unit, the battery charger unit including a connectable 2 charge Controller-charger electronic controller. Battery electronic control is. For example, the wireless power tool of the request item further includes a battery pack identification component, which includes storing information about the battery characteristics, such as request item 15. Wireless electric hairguard, its step-by-step - battery group knowledge In other components, the battery pack identification component includes information related to battery characteristics. P. The wireless power tool of claim 15 wherein the battery identification component is connectable to a charging H electronic controller to provide stored information about the battery characteristics to the charger electronic controller. The wireless power tool of claim 11, wherein the battery electronic controller controls a pulse width modulated duty cycle in which a current is output from the at least one battery to the motor to control the speed of the motor. O:\I00\100235-961029.DOC 6 1295118 VII. Designated representative map: (1) The representative representative of the case is: (1A). (2) A brief description of the component symbols of this representative diagram: 1 Wireless device/wisdom tool 2 Clamshell type housing 3 Mechanism 4 Battery pack 5, 6 Electrical component 7 Trigger 8 Battery pack 9 Battery unit 8. If there is a chemical formula in this case, Please reveal the chemical formula that best shows the characteristics of the invention: ❿ (none) 100235.doc