TWI293676B - - Google Patents
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- TWI293676B TWI293676B TW94105008A TW94105008A TWI293676B TW I293676 B TWI293676 B TW I293676B TW 94105008 A TW94105008 A TW 94105008A TW 94105008 A TW94105008 A TW 94105008A TW I293676 B TWI293676 B TW I293676B
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Description
1293676 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於氣體發熱量控制方法與氣體發熱量控制 二=詳細言之’係關於燃燒設備之燃料氣體為低熱值氣 體寻其發熱量會變動的場合，可抑制此發熱量之變動之氣 體發熱量控制方法及氣體發熱量控制裝置。 【先前技術】 於煉鐵業界，例如以高爐法生產生鐵的場合，會自高 P爐產生伴生氣體之爐頂氣體（Blast Furnace Gas，以下稱 「BFG」）。由於BFG《總發熱量甚至達到使用的焦碳的 發熱量之約-半，故為降低製鐵之成本，则在練鐵廠内 被多方面地利用著，G的組成為二氧化碳（⑶Μ㈠8容 積％(以下，僅以％表示）、一氧化碳⑺22〜3〇% '氮氣 (N2)52 60 /〇、氫氣（η2)〇·5〜4%、甲燒（ch4)〇.5〜3%。 由於BFG於此等成分之外尚含有煙塵2〜i〇g/Nm3 ,故 ^將其以除塵器除去至〇.〇lg/Nm3後，當作發熱量約8〇〇]^Μ > /Nm3的燃料而利用於熱風爐、焦炭爐、加熱爐、锅爐等中。 近年來，於燃氣輪機設備方面，因技術之提高，低熱 值氣體之燃燒成為可能，以BFG作為燃氣輪機燃料進行發 電的例子也日益增加。此處，所謂低熱值氣體係定義為其 發熱量約12MJ/Nm3以下之氣體。作為低熱值氣體，如後 述般，並不限於高爐氣（BFG)，亦包含轉爐氣（LDG)等之多 種類的氣體及其等之混合氣體。 另一方面，近年來，高爐法以外之新的煉鐵製程（例如 5 1293676 FINEX或C〇REX等之直接還原鐵法）陸續地被開發，對於 此等新的製程所產生的伴生氣體之有效利用，仍有待適合 方式之開發。各種製鐵程序所產生的伴生氣體皆為 =熱值氣體，其特性（氣體組成或熱值）係依設備與作業内 谷而異，即使是相同的設備，亦須因應各原料的特性與反 應過程而時時刻刻的改變，非一成不變的。1293676 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a method for controlling the calorific value of a gas and a method for controlling the calorific value of a gas. 2 In detail, the fuel gas of a combustion apparatus is low in calorific value gas, and the amount of heat generated therein is changed. In this case, the gas calorific value control method and the gas calorific value control device which can suppress the fluctuation of the calorific value can be suppressed. [Prior Art] In the iron and steel industry, for example, when iron is produced by the blast furnace method, Blast Furnace Gas (hereinafter referred to as "BFG") is generated from the high P furnace. Since BFG "the total calorific value even reaches about half of the calorific value of the coke used, in order to reduce the cost of iron making, it is used in various aspects in the iron processing plant. The composition of G is carbon dioxide ((3) Μ (1) 8 vol% (hereinafter, only expressed in %), carbon monoxide (7) 22 to 3 〇% 'nitrogen (N2) 52 60 / 〇, hydrogen (η2) 〇 · 5 to 4%, tortoise (ch4) 〇. 5 to 3%. In addition to these components, soot 2~i〇g/Nm3 is contained, so after removing it to 〇.〇lg/Nm3 with a dust remover, it is regarded as a calorific value of about 8〇〇]^Μ > /Nm3 Fuel is used in hot blast stoves, coke ovens, heating furnaces, boilers, etc. In recent years, in terms of gas turbine equipment, combustion of low calorific value gases has become possible due to advances in technology, and BFG is increasingly used as a gas turbine fuel for power generation. Here, the low calorific value gas system is defined as a gas having a calorific value of about 12 MJ/Nm 3 or less. As a low calorific value gas, as described later, it is not limited to blast furnace gas (BFG), and includes converter gas (LDG) or the like. a variety of gases and their mixed gases. On the other hand, in recent years, blast furnace New ironmaking processes (such as the direct reduction iron method such as 5 1293676 FINEX or C〇REX) have been developed one after another. The effective use of the associated gases generated by these new processes has yet to be developed in a suitable manner. The associated gases produced by various iron making procedures are = calorific value gases, and their characteristics (gas composition or calorific value) vary depending on the equipment and the operating valley. Even the same equipment must respond to the characteristics and reactions of each raw material. The process is constantly changing, and it is not static.
=此處以此低熱值氣體作為燃氣輪機燃料的場合，從 取重要特性之熱值來看，例如於各燃氣輪機，各有固有的 熱值之容許變動幅度之上下限值1超過上限（例如平均熱 值之約+10%)的場合，亦即熱值急遽增大的場合，於燃氣 輪機的燃燒器内之燃燒溫度會急遽地成為異常高溫。'肇因 於此，會有導致發生燃燒器部分、輪機的靜翼及動翼之損 害而縮短壽命的可能，此場合，燃氣輪機設備之經濟地連 續運轉會有困難。又，若低於下限（例如，平均熱值之約-10%) 的場合’輪機的輪出會不安定，而會成為發生火災的原因。 於此說明書及申請專利範时，此低熱值氣體 料氣體中。 ' 如此般使熱值增減之熱值變動，係指與燃料氣體之發 熱量相關的物性之變動，具體而[係意味著每單位容積 之發熱量（Kcd/Nm3)、每單位重量之發熱量（Mj/kg)、沃貝 指數（Wobbe Index)(MJ/m3)等之各種物性。於此說明書、 申請專利範圍巾，此熱值亦稱為發熱量，熱值變動亦= 發熱量變動。 ^ 圖11表示習知輪機發電設備之配管圖。圖示之習知技 6 1293676 術，係對發熱量會變動之燃料氣體之發熱量進行增熱或減 熱之構成。如圖示般，以在燃料氣體產生裝置（例如高爐）丨00 產生的BFG作為燃料氣體供給到燃氣輪機⑼（或火力锅爐 等之燃燒裝置）時，為使其發熱量維持於所期望的值（設計 前提條件之平均值、變動幅度、變化速度），係於混合器ι〇2 中混合減熱氣體或增熱氣體。關於氣體之混合方法，係在 燃料氣體供給通路1〇3的上游側與下游側分別設置發熱量 ^ ^定器104、105,根據發熱量測定器1〇4之痛測訊號進行 前授（feed f0rward)控制，根據發熱量測定器1〇5之偵測訊 號進行回授（feed back)控制。此等訊號係輸入至用以和事 先對應於燃氣輪機101而設定之既定設定值1〇7比較之控 制器106中。然後，自此控制器1〇6將既定的控制訊號透 過分配器115輸出至減熱用流量調整閥1〇8或增熱用流量 調整閥113,俾自減熱氣體供給器1〇9透過供給配管“ο 使減熱氣體供給至混合器1〇2，或自增熱氣體供給器Η# 透過供給配管110使增熱氣體供給至混合器1 〇2。又，n i 為氣體壓縮機，112為發電機。 圖丨2表示圖11之燃氣輪機發電設備在各測定點的燃 料氣體發熱量變動之一例。橫軸表示時間（秒），縱軸表示 燃料氣體之發熱量（MJ/kg)。圖示之二點鏈線表示低熱值氣 體供給通路1〇3之燃料氣體之熱值變動，實線表示用此習 知技術控制的場合其模擬結果之混合器102出口之熱 動。 支 如圖示般，自燃料氣體產生裝置100所供給之燃料氣 7 4 1293676 體之發熱量，如圖中之二點 •點鏈線所不般隨著時Π & π !目日丨 地大幅變動。而且，即使…“考τ間而不規則 沖# ,,, 《對此原始*動進行前授控制與回 才又控制，於此例之場人，火 （工w w , v s技制糸統面臨含有過多的短週 期成分與中週期成分之燃料氣體的變動…… 不雜t二a μ w ^ ^ 5亥控制系統變得 不“’而使控制器之參數 而备士、&门— > — 八、、，口果，隨者狀況 中，係表示對發熱量會變動之之響應。於此圖 回_低…值轧體進行前授控制與 口杈&制而產生振盪狀態的苴盔 ^ ^ ^ ±χ ^ ’、…法作為燃氣輪機（燃 钇叹備）之燃料氣體使用者。 此種之習知技術，例如有專 熱值控制裝置。於此番t 載之燃料氣體 H ❹置巾’假使低熱錢體在熱值 勺平均值、變動幅度、變化步 又文化速度邊產生變動下邊進行供給 ，欲抑制此變動’於熱值會變動之氣體到達混合器 7間’必須選擇適當氣體種類且以適#混合量進行混 。’以使熱值變成為平均值。亦即，熱值若為平均值以上，= Where the low calorific value gas is used as the gas turbine fuel, the heat value of the important characteristic is taken, for example, for each gas turbine, each of the inherent heating values has an allowable fluctuation range above the lower limit value 1 exceeding the upper limit (for example, the average heating value) In the case of about +10%), that is, when the heating value is rapidly increased, the combustion temperature in the burner of the gas turbine suddenly becomes abnormally high. ' Because of this, there is a possibility that the burner portion, the stator and the rotor of the turbine will be damaged and the life may be shortened. In this case, it is difficult to economically operate the gas turbine equipment continuously. Further, if the temperature is lower than the lower limit (for example, about -10% of the average heating value), the rotation of the turbine may be unstable, which may cause a fire. This low calorific value gas is used in this specification and in the patent application. The change in the calorific value of the increase or decrease in the calorific value refers to the change in the physical properties related to the calorific value of the fuel gas, and specifically means the calorific value per unit volume (Kcd/Nm3) and the heat per unit weight. Various physical properties such as the amount (Mj/kg) and the Wobbe Index (MJ/m3). In this specification and the patent application scope, the calorific value is also referred to as calorific value, and the calorific value variation is also the calorific value change. ^ Figure 11 shows a piping diagram of a conventional turbine power plant. The conventional technique shown in Fig. 6 1293676 is a method of heating or reducing the calorific value of the fuel gas whose calorific value changes. As shown in the figure, when the BFG generated in the fuel gas generating device (for example, blast furnace) 丨00 is supplied as fuel gas to the gas turbine (9) (or a combustion device such as a thermal boiler), the heat generation amount is maintained at a desired value. (The average value, variation range, and rate of change of the design preconditions) is mixed with the heat reducing gas or the heating gas in the mixer ι〇2. In the method of mixing the gas, the calorific value detectors 104 and 105 are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the fuel gas supply passage 1〇3, respectively, and the feed is performed according to the pain measurement signal of the calorimeter 1〇4. The f0rward) control performs feedback back control according to the detection signal of the calorimeter 1〇5. These signals are input to a controller 106 for comparison with a predetermined set value 1〇7 set in advance corresponding to the gas turbine 101. Then, the controller 1〇6 outputs a predetermined control signal to the heat-reducing flow regulating valve 1〇8 or the heat-increasing flow regulating valve 113 through the distributor 115, and the self-heating gas supplier 1〇9 is supplied through the supply. The piping "o supplies the heat-reducing gas to the mixer 1〇2, or the self-heating gas supplier Η# supplies the heat-increasing gas to the mixer 1 〇2 through the supply pipe 110. Further, ni is a gas compressor, 112 is Fig. 2 shows an example of fluctuations in fuel gas calorific value at each measurement point of the gas turbine power generating apparatus of Fig. 11. The horizontal axis represents time (seconds), and the vertical axis represents heat generation (MJ/kg) of fuel gas. The two-dot chain line indicates the change in the calorific value of the fuel gas of the low calorific value gas supply passage 1〇3, and the solid line indicates the thermal excitement of the outlet of the mixer 102 in the case of control by the conventional technique. The amount of heat generated by the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas generating device 100, as shown by the two points and the point chain in the figure, varies greatly with time and time. Even... "Testing the τ between the irregular rush # ,,, This original * move pre-administration control and return control, in this case, the fire (work ww, vs technical system is faced with changes in fuel gas containing too many short-cycle components and medium-cycle components... Miscellaneous t two a μ w ^ ^ 5 Hai control system becomes not "' and the parameters of the controller are prepared, & gates - > - eight,,,,,,,,,,, The response of the quantity will change. In this figure, the _ low-value rolling body is subjected to the pre-administration control and the 杈 杈 amp 产生 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ± ^ ^, ... method as a gas turbine (burning sigh The fuel gas user. For example, there is a special heating value control device. For example, the fuel gas H ❹ 载 ' 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假 假The change step and the culture speed are supplied under the change of the speed. To suppress this change, the gas that changes in the calorific value reaches the mixer 7 'you must select the appropriate gas type and mix it with the appropriate amount.' Is the average value. That is, if the calorific value is the average value ,
為獲得平均值須混合必要量的減熱氣體，熱值若為平均值 x下為獲得平均值須混合必要量的增熱氣體。 ^而，由於操作端只有混合氣體調整閥，故氣體混合 動作:時點若有偏差，會造成過多或不足，欲達到正確的 …值又動之抑制會有困難，而無法以燃燒設備所需水準達 到熱值均一化。因此，殘餘的熱值若超過燃燒設傷之容許 T限，為防止燃燒設備之損傷，須緊急停止運轉將低熱值 乳體發散到大氣中，反之，若低於容許界限，則會造成燃 燒設備發生火災的原因。又，發熱量變動速度若快，則氣 8 1293676 只用混合器與混合氣體 體之混合時點之掌握會更加困難 调整閥並無法進行確實的控制。 週期且變動幅度大，則混合氣 的動作），故有導致閥損傷與壽 又，若發熱量變動為短 體調整閥須反覆進行大衝程 命縮短之顧慮。 再者右务熱夏變動幅度過大致調整閥須進行大衝程 的動作來混合氣體，則會引起氣體l縮機、人Π㈣之變 動：其結果，會對燃氣輪機之燃料供給系統造成大的擾亂， 而‘致燃氣輪機的運轉之不安定。 /尸又，於對發熱量變動大的燃料氣體混合入比重不同的 氮氣或煉焦爐（coke oven)氣體等之不同氣體之場合，多量 的氣體之混合較難，而且混合量的變化幅度大，故於剛： 合後之短時間内欲使混合氣體充分均一化而供給至燃燒設 備有困難’此等氮氣或煉焦爐氣體等形成混合不均，於燃 燒設備之燃燒室内會產生燃燒不均的情形，使得難以安定' 地運轉。因此，欲使用熱值變動（發熱量變動）大的低熱值 氣體作為燃料氣體會有困難。 [專利文獻1]曰本專利特開20044 9〇632號公報 【發明内容】 另一方面，如何開發出新技術，以高效率、安定地連 縯使用上述般熱值持續不規則變化之低熱值氣體等作為燃 氣輪機發電設備等之燃燒設備中之燃料氣體，就能源之有 效利用、環保、操作成本之降低等觀點考量是甚重要的。 然而，欲使熱值持續不規則地變動的低熱值氣體等之 1293676 燃料氣體於燃燒設備中安定地使用，發熱量變動的幅度必 須抑制於燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内，惟，迄今尚 無解決此課題之有效方法。 本發明乃為解決此等課題所提出者，目的在於提供氣 體發熱量控制方法，及該氣體發熱量控制裝置；其藉由抑 制作為燃燒設備之燃料氣體而供給之低熱值氣體等之發熱 $變動’以使低熱值氣體等成為有發熱量安定之燃料氣體 而供給者。 為達成上述目的，本發明之氣體發熱量控制方法，係 使供給至燃燒設備之燃料氣體在氣體入口與氣體出口分開 形成之槽内進行時間差混合，藉此抑制該燃料氣體之發熱 里變動；並對該發熱量變動經抑制後之燃料氣體之發熱量 =動進行測定，再對該燃料氣體進行減熱或增熱，使該測 疋之發熱量之變動幅度在燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍 内。In order to obtain the average value, the necessary amount of the heat-reducing gas must be mixed. If the calorific value is the average value x, the necessary amount of the heat-increasing gas must be mixed to obtain the average value. ^,, because there is only a mixed gas regulating valve at the operating end, the gas mixing action: if there is a deviation at the time, it will cause too much or insufficient. To achieve the correct value, it will be difficult to suppress the vibration, and it is impossible to use the level of the burning equipment. The heating value is uniformized. Therefore, if the residual heat value exceeds the allowable T limit of the combustion set, in order to prevent damage to the combustion equipment, the low-calorie milk should be discharged to the atmosphere in an emergency stop operation. Otherwise, if it is below the allowable limit, the combustion equipment will be caused. The cause of the fire. Further, if the rate of change in the amount of heat generation is fast, it is more difficult to grasp the point when the gas is mixed with the gas mixture only by the mixer and the gas mixture. The valve cannot be reliably controlled. If the cycle is large and the fluctuation range is large, the operation of the gas mixture may cause damage and life of the valve. If the heat generation is changed, the short-body adjustment valve must repeatedly reduce the life of the large stroke. In addition, if the fluctuation range of the right hot summer is too large, the valve must be subjected to a large stroke to mix the gas, which will cause a change in the gas reduction machine and the human (4): as a result, the gas supply system of the gas turbine is greatly disturbed. And 'the operation of the gas turbine is not stable. / corpse, when a fuel gas having a large amount of heat fluctuation is mixed into a different gas such as nitrogen gas or a coke oven gas having a different specific gravity, mixing of a large amount of gas is difficult, and the variation amount of the mixing amount is large. Therefore, it is difficult to supply the combustion gas to the combustion equipment in a short period of time after the completion of the mixture. [The nitrogen gas or the coke oven gas is mixed unevenly, and uneven combustion occurs in the combustion chamber of the combustion equipment. The situation makes it difficult to stabilize and operate. Therefore, it is difficult to use a low calorific value gas having a large change in calorific value (change in calorific value) as a fuel gas. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-49-9-A SUMMARY OF INVENTION [Invention] On the other hand, how to develop a new technology to efficiently and stably perform low-heat values using the above-mentioned ordinary calorific value continuously changing irregularly Gas, etc., as a fuel gas in a combustion equipment such as a gas turbine power generation facility, is important in terms of efficient use of energy, environmental protection, and reduction in operating costs. However, in the case where the 1293676 fuel gas such as a low calorific value gas whose calorific value continues to fluctuate irregularly is used stably in the combustion equipment, the magnitude of the calorific value fluctuation must be suppressed within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion equipment, but There is no effective way to solve this problem. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas calorific value control method and a gas calorific value control device which can suppress a change in heat generation amount of a low calorific value gas or the like supplied as a fuel gas of a combustion apparatus. 'Supply to make a low calorific value gas or the like a fuel gas having a calorific value. In order to achieve the above object, the method for controlling the calorific value of the gas according to the present invention is such that the fuel gas supplied to the combustion apparatus is time-mixed in a tank in which the gas inlet and the gas outlet are separately formed, thereby suppressing fluctuations in the heat of the fuel gas; The calorific value of the fuel gas after the fluctuation of the calorific value is measured, and the fuel gas is desuperheated or heated, so that the fluctuation range of the calorific value of the calorimeter is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion apparatus. Inside.
依據此方法，自氣體入口供給至槽内之燃料氣體，j 不斷地供給之燃料用氣體會暫時滯留於槽中，在其中進a ^間差混合而自另外形成的氣體出口排出。因而，即使2 燃料氣體的發熱量變動之場合，藉㈣間差昆合，可抑, 其發熱量變動的幅度’且可緩和發熱量變動速度，又，[ 於對此發熱量變動經抑制之燃料氣體，進行減埶或增㈣ 氣體發熱量調整於燃燒設備之容許變動範姻，故發熱^ =動之調整較容易。又，所謂時間差混合，係指連續削 w m料氣體與原已流人㈣留之燃料氣體進行；ί :I293676 合。 又 , 之女、，’可進行以下回授控制：對該發熱量變動經抑制後 、料氣體之發熱量變動，於該槽下游側之燃料氣體供給 的、订測定’並於該燃料氣體供給通路之發熱量測定點 量纟側將燃料氣體進行減熱或增熱，而使該測定之發熱 文動幅度在燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 據&本°兒明書及申請專利範圍中之「回授控制」，係指依 、、嚴測疋點的測定值所作的控制，係於該測定點的上 '游侧進行。 料$ Z進仃以下前授控制：對該發熱量變動經抑制後之燃 1Γ ^發熱量變動’於該槽下游側之燃料氣體供給通路 V則疋，並於該燃料氣體供給通路之發熱量測定點的下 ::將燃料氣體減熱或增熱，而使該測定之發熱量之變動 幅度在燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。According to this method, the fuel gas supplied from the gas inlet to the fuel gas in the tank, j continuously supplied, is temporarily retained in the tank, and mixed therein to be discharged from the separately formed gas outlet. Therefore, even if the amount of heat generated by the fuel gas fluctuates, the difference between the heat generation and the amount of change in the amount of heat generation can be suppressed, and the fluctuation of the amount of heat generation can be suppressed. The fuel gas is reduced or increased. (4) The calorific value of the gas is adjusted to the allowable variation of the combustion equipment. Therefore, the adjustment of the heat generation is easier. In addition, the so-called time difference mixing means that the continuous cutting gas is carried out with the fuel gas remaining in the original (4); ί: I293676. In addition, the daughter can perform the following feedback control: after the fluctuation of the calorific value is suppressed, the calorific value of the feed gas fluctuates, and the fuel gas supply on the downstream side of the tank is measured and supplied to the fuel gas. The calorific value of the passage is measured by the amount of heat generated or increased by the fuel gas, and the measured heat generation amplitude is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion apparatus. According to & this book, and the "return control" in the scope of patent application, the control based on the measured value of the test point is performed on the upper side of the measurement point. The material is controlled by the following pre-control: the combustion of the heat generation is suppressed, and the fuel gas supply passage V on the downstream side of the tank is 疋, and the heat generation amount in the fuel gas supply passage is Below the measurement point:: The fuel gas is desuperheated or heated, and the variation of the calorific value of the measurement is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion apparatus.
明!及中請專利範圍中之「前授控制」，係指依 豕X…、篁測定點的測定值所作的控制，係於該 點 游側進行。此前授控制的方法之一，得…人：斯 务 乃沄之係依據化合珂的燃料 而的增熱氣體、減熱氣體的混合量，而以其作為指令值； 又，其他的方法亦可。 再者，除了進行回授控制以將燃料氣體減 亦可加上前授抑也丨分▲ …、r 技丄制，其在該檜與燃料氣體供給通路之減熱 仃；、熱或增熱以使該測定之發熱量變動在燃 11 1293676 燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 又’可進行以下前授控制：係將利用燃料氣體之時間 差混合（藉由氣體入口與氣體出口分開形成的槽）來抑制發 • 熱量變動的系統，作成模擬模型； 依據该模擬模型，由在該槽之上游側所測定之燃料氣 體之發熱量變動來預測槽出口之燃料氣體發熱量變動， 在礼的下游側將燃料氣體減熱或增熱，而使該預測之 熱值之變動幅度在燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 再者’可在用氣體入口與氣體出口分開形成的槽之上 游側測疋出既定的燃料氣體發熱量變動幅度以上的發熱量 ’k動％，在该槽的上游側進行燃料氣體之減熱或增熱，使 該變動幅度成為既定的變動幅度以内； 對。亥減熱或增熱後之燃料氣體利用該槽進行時間差混 合戶斤能抑，之發熱量變動$行預測作成模擬模$，在槽下 游側之燃料氣體供給通路將燃料氣體減熱或增熱，以使依 據此模擬模型而由該槽之上游側測定出之燃料氣體之發熱 量變動所預測之出口之燃料氣體發熱量變動，在燃燒設備 之燃料氣體之容許範圍内。 又，可併行以下前授控制及回授控制： 該前授控制，係將利用燃料氣體之時間差混合（藉由氣 體入口與氣體出口分開形成的槽)來抑制發熱量變動的系 統，作成模擬模型， 依據該模擬模型，由在該槽的上游側測定出之燃料氣 體的發熱量變動來預測槽出口之燃料氣體發熱量變動， 12 1293676 Μ 依據該預測之燃料氣體 或增熱； 發熱量變動來將燃料氣體減熱 —/回授拴制’係在該槽下游側之燃料氣體供給通路測 定供給至燃燒設備的燃料氣體之發熱量變動， 在燃料氣體供給通路 义旦 — ^ 路之卷熱里測疋點的上游側將燃料 氣體減熱或增熱，以蚀&^ x … 、 吏k測疋之熱值的變動幅度在燃燒設 備之燃料氣體的容許範圍。 再$亦可用下述方式併行前授控制與回授控制： &控制’係在用氣體人口與氣體出口分開形成的 上知側測定出既定的燃料氣體發熱量變動幅度以上的 發熱量變動時，在該# & 茨钆的上游側將燃料氣體減熱或增熱， 使該變動幅度成為既定的變動幅度以内， 對該減熱或增熱後之燃料氣體利用該槽進行時間差混 :所能抑制之發熱量變動進行預測作成模擬模型，依據此 模擬模型，根據在該槽之卜 之上私側測定出之燃料氣體之發熱 量變動所預測之出口之憮钮与 … 之m乳體發熱量變動，將燃料氣體 減熱或增熱； 該回授控制，係在兮描丁 ％ /, $在a匕下游側之燃料氣體供給通路上 測定供給至燃燒設備的燃料氣體之發熱量變動， 並在燃料氣體供込炊 篮仏、、Ό通路之發熱量測定點的上游側將燃The “pre-authorization control” in the scope of patents and the scope of patents refers to the control based on the measured values of X... and 篁 measurement points, which is performed on the side of the point. One of the methods of the previous control, the person who is the sputum of the sputum is based on the fuel of the combined enthalpy and the amount of the heat-reducing gas, which is used as the command value; . Furthermore, in addition to the feedback control to reduce the fuel gas, the pre-inhibition can also be divided into ▲ ..., r technology, which reduces the heat in the enthalpy and fuel gas supply path; heat or heat The calorific value of the measurement is varied within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the burning equipment. 'The following pre-administration control can be performed: a system in which the time difference of the fuel gas is mixed (a groove formed by separating the gas inlet and the gas outlet) to suppress the fluctuation of the heat generation, and a simulation model is created; The fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas measured on the upstream side of the tank predicts the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas at the outlet of the tank, and reduces or increases the heat of the fuel gas on the downstream side of the ritual, thereby causing the fluctuation of the predicted calorific value to be Within the allowable range of fuel gas for the combustion equipment. Further, 'the amount of calorific value 'k%' which is greater than or equal to the predetermined fluctuation range of the calorific value of the fuel gas can be measured on the upstream side of the groove formed by the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and the fuel gas is heated on the upstream side of the tank. Or increase the heat so that the range of change becomes within the established range of change; The fuel gas after the heat reduction or heat increase in the sea uses the tank to carry out the time difference mixing, and the heat generation variation is predicted to be the simulation mold $, and the fuel gas supply passage on the downstream side of the tank reduces or heats the fuel gas. The fluctuation of the fuel gas calorific value of the outlet predicted by the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas measured by the upstream side of the tank according to the simulation model is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion equipment. Further, the following pre-administration control and feedback control can be performed in parallel: The pre-administration control is a system in which the time difference of the fuel gas is mixed (the groove formed by the gas inlet and the gas outlet) to suppress the fluctuation of the calorific value, and the simulation model is created. According to the simulation model, the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas measured at the upstream side of the tank is used to predict the fluctuation of the fuel gas calorific value at the outlet of the tank, 12 1293676 Μ based on the predicted fuel gas or heat generation; The fuel gas is reduced in heat-recovery system. The fuel gas supply passage on the downstream side of the tank measures the amount of heat generated by the fuel gas supplied to the combustion equipment, and the fuel gas supply passage is in the heat of the source. The upstream side of the test point reduces or increases the heat of the fuel gas, and the fluctuation range of the calorific value of the etch & ^ x ... and 吏k is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion apparatus. In addition, the pre-administration control and feedback control can be performed in the following manner: & control is used to measure the calorific value change of a predetermined fuel gas calorific value fluctuation range when the upper side of the gas population and the gas outlet are separated from each other. Cooling or heating the fuel gas on the upstream side of the # & 使, so that the fluctuation range is within a predetermined fluctuation range, and the time difference of the fuel gas after the heat reduction or heating is mixed by the tank: The suppression of the amount of heat generation is predicted to be a simulation model, and according to the simulation model, the mouth of the outlet predicted by the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas measured on the private side of the groove is heated by the m The amount of change, the fuel gas is reduced in heat or heat; the feedback control is based on the measurement of the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied to the combustion equipment on the fuel gas supply passage on the downstream side of the crucible. And it will burn on the upstream side of the calorific value of the fuel gas supply basket and the enthalpy of the enthalpy
料氣體減熱或增埶，以接兮、' | A …、 便”/測疋之熱值的變動幅度在燃燒 設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍。 汶核擬板型，係於既定流量及容積的槽中，使用將一 认l#工&日彳m之訊號乘以常數倍所得值複數個加 13 1293676 總而:：’對其時間常數進行相當於她延遲之修正。 μ ^上述氣體發熱量控制方法中，可在該槽内或 曰。進仃將燃料氣體減熱或增熱之 氣體發熱量變動在姆摔1 卞作以使》亥燃朴 文勃在燃燒设備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 又於上述氣體發熱量控制方法中，可對在兮样之上 游側所測定之嫩祖々触 Τ』對在忒槽之上 下游側之揪發熱量變動平均值、與在該槽之 / 之^料氣體供給通路中所、、則定夕u严 變動平均值進行監視， 疋之燃料氣體之發熱量 對J =均值偵測出一定量的平均差時，在槽上游側 J人、、枓乳體進行減埶哎拎埶 發熱量變動鱼才曰上游側之燃料氣體的 接近。 才曰下游側之燃料氣體供給通路中之發熱量 備:為達到上述目的，本發明之氣體發熱量控制裝置係具 用以使供給至燃燒設備 氣體入口與氣體“分開形成ΓΓ 時間差混合之 變動彳==定：’係對在該槽内混合而抑制發熱量 …U、、'枓乳體之發熱量變動進行測定； 增熱L=r，!、用對.料氣體進行減熱氣體或 量變動p # 、使°亥第發熱量測定器所測定之發故 里又動中备度在燃料氣體之容許範圍内。 ·'·' 側之-料:：：：一發熱重測定器設於混合器(位在槽下游 -控制器=通路θ):下游^ 、忒此合為進行燃料氣體之減熱或增熱， 14 ' 1293676 以使由該第一發熱量測定器所測定之發熱旦鐵 燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 …、里文田又在燃 再者，可具備： 用以使供給至燃燒設備之燃料氣體進行時間差混合之 氣體入口與氣體出口分開形成之槽； 第二發熱量測定器，係對在該槽内混合 孰旦 變動後的燃料氣體之發熱量變動進行測定； x，，、、里 進饤前授控制之第二控制器，係用混合器在姆料氣體 混合減熱氣體或增熱氣體，以為 〜 w'弟一 ^熱ϊ測定器所測 疋之务熱篁變動幅度在燃料氣體之容許範圍内。 又，可具備： 第二發熱量測定器，係在該样血、、Η σ ^ ^ s Λ 粍/、此合态之間的燃料氣 體么、、、、6通路上測定氣體之發熱量變動；及 第二控制器’除用該混合器將燃料氣體減熱或增熱之The material gas is reduced in heat or increased, and the fluctuation range of the heating value of the inlet, ' | A ..., and the enthalpy is measured in the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion equipment. The nucleus type is based on the established flow rate and volume. In the slot, multiply the signal obtained by multiplying the signal of the gong1 and the 彳 m by a constant multiple of 13 1293676. The total:: 'The correction of the time constant is equivalent to her delay. μ ^ The above gas In the calorific value control method, the calorific value of the gas which reduces or heats the fuel gas in the tank may be changed to make the fuel gas of the combustion equipment in the combustion apparatus. In the above-mentioned gas calorific value control method, the average value of the calorific value of the heat generated on the upstream side of the gutter can be measured on the upstream side of the gutter In the gas supply passage of the tank, the mean value of the change is monitored, and when the calorific value of the fuel gas of the crucible detects a certain amount of average difference for J = mean, the upstream side of the tank is J. People, 枓 枓 进行 进行 进行 进行 进行 进行 进行 埶哎拎埶The approach of the fuel gas on the upstream side. The heat generation in the fuel gas supply passage on the downstream side: In order to achieve the above object, the gas calorific value control device of the present invention is used to supply the gas inlet and the gas to the combustion equipment. Separate formation ΓΓ Time difference mixing variation 彳== 定: 'The system is used to mix the heat in the tank to suppress the calorific value of the U, and the 发 枓 枓 枓 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The material gas is subjected to a heat-reducing gas or a quantity change p # , and the preparedness measured by the temperature measuring device of the temperature is within the allowable range of the fuel gas. · '·' Side material:::: A thermogravimetric measuring device is set in the mixer (located downstream of the tank - controller = path θ): downstream ^, 忒 this is for the fuel gas to reduce heat or heat , 14 ' 1293676 is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the heat-generating iron-iron burning apparatus measured by the first calorimeter. ..., Raven Field is in turn, and may have: a groove for separating the gas inlet and the gas outlet for mixing the fuel gas supplied to the combustion equipment; the second calorimeter is in the tank The change of the calorific value of the fuel gas after the change of the 孰 进行 is measured; the second controller that is controlled by the x, 、, 里 饤, is mixed with the heat reducing gas or the heating gas in the methane gas, ~ w'di 一 ϊ ϊ ϊ ϊ ϊ 所 疋 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 Further, the second calorific value measuring device may be configured to measure the calorific value of the gas in the blood gas, the Η σ ^ ^ s Λ 粍 /, the fuel gas between the conjugated states, and the 6 passages. And the second controller 'in addition to using the mixer to reduce or increase the fuel gas
制之外，進—步進行前授控制，其根據該第二發熱 里測定器所測定之發埶I轡翻脸 一 …、 夺九、：料氣體減熱或增熱，以 吏變動幅度在燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 再者，可具備：In addition to the system, the pre-administration control is carried out, and according to the hairpin I measured by the second heat-measuring device, the face is turned into a face, and the gas is reduced or heated, and the fluctuation range is burned. Within the allowable range of fuel gas for the equipment. Furthermore, it can have:
第三發熱量測定器，传 A „ 係用乂在氧體入口與氣體出口分 崎形成的槽之--^游側測定檢极々 j疋燃枓乳體的發熱量變動; 進行前授控制之第二抻剎哭 一 ^ f j ’預測利用槽中燃料氣體The third calorific value measuring device transmits A „ 槽 槽 乂 乂 乂 氧 氧 氧 氧 氧 氧 氧 氧 测定 氧 氧 氧 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定 测定The second brakes cry a ^ fj 'predicting the use of fuel gas in the tank
之時間差混合所能抑制的癸埶旦W &熱里雙劝而作成模擬模型，依 據該模擬模型來預測槽出 ^… q出口之崩科氣體發熱量變動，將燃 料氧體減熱或增熱，以傕哕箱 + 便4預41之熱值之變動在燃燒設備 15 ' 1293676 之燃料氣體的容許範圍内。 又，可具備： 第三發熱量測定器，係用以在 f, ^ ^ ^ 死體入口與氣體出口分 /成的‘之上游側，測定超過既 的發熱量變動； 疋文動幅度之燃料氣體 第三控制器，於以該第三發熱量 纖翻⑹电” I 巧疋益測定出既定的 、又力巾田度以上的發熱量變動時，在 ^ ^ ^ -V' ^ 才日的上游側將燃料氣 體減…、或;t9熱，以使該變動幅度在 又的乾圍以内； 進行前授控制之第二控制器， ^ . B. „ ^ ^ 頂測利用該槽中燃料氣 體之守間差化合所能抑制之發埶量 ”、 動而作成模擬模型， ^ + 时燃科氣體減熱或增 …，以使依據此模擬模型由該槽之上游側 氣體之發熱量變動所預測< _ + 、 1 所摘貝J之槽出口之燃料氣體發献量變動 在燃燒設備之燃料氣體之容許範圍内。 …、 再者，亦可具備：According to the simulation model, the W& The heat is changed within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion equipment 15 ' 1293676 by the change in the calorific value of the box + the 4 pre-41. Further, the third calorific value measuring device may be configured to measure a change in the amount of calorific value exceeding the upstream side of the 'f, ^ ^ ^ dead body inlet and the gas outlet split/formed; The third controller of the gas is used to determine the calorific value of the calorific value above the force of the third heat generation (6), which is in the ^ ^ ^ -V' ^ The upstream side reduces the fuel gas by ..., or; t9 heat, so that the fluctuation range is within the same dry circumference; the second controller that performs the pre-control, ^. B. „ ^ ^ The top test utilizes the fuel gas in the tank The amount of hair that can be suppressed by the stagnation of the stagnation, and the simulation model, ^ + time combustion gas reduction or increase, so that the heat generation of the gas from the upstream side of the tank according to the simulation model It is predicted that the fuel gas emission amount of the outlet of the extracting container is within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion equipment.
第三發熱量測定器，係用以Α与舰 y 係用以在乳體入口與氣體出口分 開形成的槽之上游側測定燃料氣體的發熱量變動； 進行前授控制之第二控制哭 έ ， 制為係預測在利用該槽中辦 料氣體之時間差混合所能抑制… I別的愈熟里k動來作成模擬模 型，依據該模擬模型來預測样 出口之燃料氣體發熱量變 動，依據該預測之燃料翁辦又义μ θ μ a 十孔體發熱量㈣而將燃肖氣體減熱 或增熱；及 進行回授控制之第一控制器， 其在該燃料氣體供給通路設置混合器 16 、i293676 亚设置第一發熱量測定器，、 側供給至燃燒設傷之燃料濟以測定在該混合器的下游 乳體的發熱量蠻動， 其用該混合器將燃料 ^ 熱量制宗哭新、目1〜 、_減"、、或增熱’以使該第一取 …、里測疋态所測定之發熱量 罘兔 圍内。 動巾田度在燃料氣體之容許範 又，可具備： 第三發熱量測定器，係 bb π/ , 、用以在氣體入口盘教|#ψη\ 開开，成的槽之上游側測定 …孔體出口分 熱量變動； 夂田度以上燃料氣體的發 弟二控制器，於以今笛一 變動幅度以上的發熱量㈣^動敎器敎出既定的 體減熱或增熱，以使該變動 “、、抖乳 軔恢度在既定的範圍以内； 進行别授控制之第二控 .^ ^ , 仏制态，係預測利用該槽中拗社 -體之時間差混合所能抑制之發熱量變動而作成：：枓 型，在槽的下游側之辨料_ 、擬板 增熱，以使依據該模擬_二=㈣Μ氣體，或 料氣體之發熱量變動所預曰之上游側所測又之燃 ^ , 汀頂^則之槽出口之燃料氣體發執蕃料 動’在燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内；及文 進行回授控制之第—控制器， 其在該燃料氣體供給通路設置混合器， 並设置第一發献量測々rm …、里Λ1疋态，以測定在該混合器的 則供給至燃燒設備之燃料氣體的發熱量變動， ^ ㈢其用遠混合器將燃料氣體減熱或增熱，以使該第〜& 熱里測定II所測定之發熱量變動幅度在燃料氣體之容許= 17 1293676 圍内。 再者，於上述氣體發熱量控制裝置中，可將燃料氣體 減熱或增熱（用以使該燃料氣體發熱量變動在燃燒 料氣體的容許範圍内）之混合器，言免置於該槽内或 : 藉由該混合器，在槽内或槽外面將燃料氣體減熱或增熱。 又’於上述氣體發熱量控制裝置中，可在該槽之上游 側之燃料氣體供給通路設置混合器，· ' 並設置監視控制器，其係用以對在該混合器之上游側 所測定之燃料氣體之發熱量變動平均值、與在該槽 侧所载之燃料氣體之發熱量變動 / 該監視按制器，當偵測出兩平均值 差時槽上游侧之混合器將燃料氣體減熱或增熱，使該 =游側之燃料氣體的發熱量變動與該槽下游側之發熱量 依據本發明，於以發熱量會變動之低熱值氣 燃氣輪機等之燃燒設備之燃料氣體來供給之場合，剎田士 間差混合可抑制（缓和）發熱量變以 1用日守 又動以因應燃燒設備所雹， =料氣體之減熱或增熱可容易達成。亦即，利用槽使發 變動的變動幅度減小而抑制短週期與中週期的變動： ^殘留長週期為主的變動，故藉由對其燃料氣趙進行減妖 可容易地利用發熱量變動中之燃料氣體安定地使 〜堯設備中。如此，可使發熱量變動中之氣體的發敛 =動抑制於作為燃燒設備之燃料氣體的容許範圍内，‘而 可貫現設備之連續安定運轉。 18 !293676 【實施方式】 茲一邊參照附圖就本發明之氣體發熱量控制裝置及其 控制方法加以說明。於下述的說明中，燃燒設備係以燃氣 輪機為例做說明。又，於下述實施形態中，係說明可將燃 料氣體減熱或增熱的構成。 圖1表示含有本發明之第1實施形態之氣體發熱量控 制1置1之燃氣輪機發電設備s之概略，係在用以供給燃 ^ 料氣體到燃氣輪機2之燃料氣體供給通路3上設置本發明 之氣體發熱量控制裝置1。 燃料氣體供給通路3，係將燃料氣體產生裝置4(例如， 问爐）中所產生之低熱值氣體（以下，稱為「燃料氣體」）作 為燃料供給到燃燒設備2。於此燃料氣體供給通路3，設 置有氣體入口 6與氣體出口 7分開形成的槽5。The third calorimeter is used for measuring the calorific value of the fuel gas on the upstream side of the groove formed by the separation between the inlet of the milk and the outlet of the gas, and the second control is performed by the second control. The system predicts that the mixing of the time difference in the gas used in the tank can be suppressed... I will make a simulation model based on the simulation, and predict the fuel gas calorific value change of the sample outlet according to the simulation model, according to the prediction. The first controller of the fuel gas supply passage is provided with a mixer 16 in the fuel gas supply passage, I293676 is provided with a first calorimeter, and the side is supplied to the combustion-injured fuel to measure the calorific sensation of the milk in the downstream of the mixer, and the mixer is used to heat the fuel and heat. Head 1~, _minus ", or heat increase' so that the first take... In the advancing range of the fuel gas, the movable towel field can have: The third calorific value measuring device, which is bb π / , is used to teach the gas inlet plate |#ψη\ open, and the upstream side of the groove is measured... The outlet of the hole body is divided into heat; the second controller of the fuel gas above the shovel level is used to generate a given body heat reduction or heat increase by the heat generated by the current flu. Change ",, shake the sputum recovery within the specified range; carry out the second control of the control. ^ ^, 仏 态 state, is predicted to use the time difference of the 拗社-body time difference in the tank can suppress the calorific value The change is made:: 枓 type, the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The fuel gas of the outlet of the tank of the Ting Ding ^ is the inside of the allowable range of the fuel gas of the combustion equipment; and the controller of the feedback control is in the fuel gas supply passage. Set the mixer, and set the first contribution measurement rm ..., Λ 1Λ To measure the change in the amount of heat generated by the fuel gas supplied to the combustion equipment in the mixer, (3) to reduce or increase the heat of the fuel gas by the remote mixer so that the first & The amount of heat fluctuation is within the tolerance of the fuel gas = 17 1293676. Further, in the gas calorific value control device, the fuel gas may be heated or heated (to change the calorific value of the fuel gas in the combustion material) The mixer of the gas is allowed to be placed in the tank or: by the mixer, the fuel gas is heated or heated in the tank or outside the tank. Also in the above gas calorific value control device A mixer may be provided in the fuel gas supply passage on the upstream side of the tank, and a monitoring controller for setting an average value of the calorific value of the fuel gas measured on the upstream side of the mixer, and The fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas carried on the side of the tank/the monitoring device, when the difference between the two average values is detected, the mixer on the upstream side of the tank reduces or heats the fuel gas, so that the side is Fuel gas emission According to the present invention, the amount of change and the amount of heat generated on the downstream side of the tank are supplied to the fuel gas of a combustion apparatus such as a low calorific value gas turbine in which the amount of heat is fluctuated, and the mixture of the brakes can suppress (mitigate) the amount of heat generation. It is easy to achieve the heat reduction or heat increase of the material gas by using the day-to-day operation and the combustion equipment. That is, the groove is used to reduce the variation of the fluctuation of the fluctuation to suppress the fluctuation of the short period and the medium period: ^Residual long-period-based changes, so that the fuel gas in the fuel gas can be easily used to stabilize the fuel gas in the heat-reducing device. Thus, the gas in the calorific value can be changed. The convergence and the movement are suppressed within the allowable range of the fuel gas as the combustion device, and the continuous stable operation of the device can be realized. 18! 293676 [Embodiment] The gas calorific value control device of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The control method is explained. In the following description, the combustion equipment is described by taking a gas turbine as an example. Further, in the following embodiments, a configuration in which the fuel gas can be reduced in heat or heat is described. Fig. 1 is a view showing a schematic diagram of a gas turbine power plant s including a gas calorific value control unit 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a fuel gas supply passage 3 for supplying a fuel gas to a gas turbine 2 is provided. Gas calorific value control device 1. The fuel gas supply passage 3 supplies the low calorific value gas (hereinafter referred to as "fuel gas") generated in the fuel gas generating device 4 (for example, the furnace) to the combustion equipment 2 as fuel. The fuel gas supply passage 3 is provided with a groove 5 formed by separating the gas inlet 6 and the gas outlet 7.
此枱5，係形成為既定的容積，能使通過燃料氣體供 < k路3之:U料氣體自氣體入口 6進人而自氣體出口 7出 ，此V 5，係具備緩衝槽的作用，發熱量會變化之燃料 氣體自氣體入口 6造鍊从, r 連，地&入到槽内部，與原已流入而駐 :然料氣體進行時間差混合，自另外形成之氣體出口 7 門 文P使於燃料氣體的發熱量變動之場合，藉由此時 可縮小其發熱量變動的幅度，並使發熱量變動 亦即，同時流入描 ^ it} π 7 ^ ψ "之燃料氣體，會分散成較快自氣 内較久的部分。另一方 6持續有新的氣體流入，故原先流入 面，由於自氣體入 月丑出口 7流出的部分與滯留在槽 19 1293676 心氣體與後來 -- 7，呷，不停地汽 入槽5之發熱量會變動的燃料氣體，如此般在槽5的内； 進行時間差混合。本說明書及中請專利範圍稱此為「時間 ，混合」，藉由此時間差混合之作用，槽5可發 料氣體之發熱量變動的作用。其結果，自槽5的氣體出: 7所流出之燃料氣體的發熱量變動幅度縮小，並使變動速 度降低。亦即，發熱量變動可獲得大幅的抑制（緩和^ 、 關於利用此槽5所得之緩衝效果，當氣體入口6。之料 動為角速度ω的sin曲線、槽5内 文 間當數纟τ目“ ^之心為元全混合且時 門吊數為T ’則出口變動振幅/入口變動振幅… (Gain): 1/(1 + 〇 2 · T2V/2 之 II 孫。分 ll 曰 i 幻若大γ υ ω2或T(即槽容 里)右大’G⑽會減小’亦即’出口之發熱量 小…成變動抑制效果。圖示於燃料氣體供給心二 上部之線圖，係燃料氣體的發熱量變動之示意圖。The stage 5 is formed into a predetermined volume, and can be supplied by the fuel gas to the k-way 3: the U-material gas is introduced from the gas inlet 6 and exits from the gas outlet 7, and the V 5 is provided with a buffer tank. The fuel gas whose calorific value changes will be chained from the gas inlet 6 from the r, the ground, and into the inside of the tank, and mixed with the original gas: the gas is mixed with the time difference, and the gas outlet is formed separately. In the case where P generates a change in the amount of heat generated by the fuel gas, the amount of change in the amount of heat generation can be reduced, and the amount of heat generated can be changed, that is, the fuel gas of the sample π 7 ^ ψ " Disperse into parts that are faster and longer in gas. The other side 6 continues to have new gas inflows, so the original inflow surface, due to the outflow from the gas into the ugly exit 7 and the retention of the gas in the tank 19 1293676 and later - 7, 呷, constantly into the tank 5 The fuel gas whose calorific value changes is thus in the inside of the tank 5; time difference mixing is performed. In the present specification and the scope of the patent, it is referred to as "time, mixing", and by the action of the time difference mixing, the groove 5 can function as a heat generation change of the gas. As a result, the gas outflow from the tank 5: 7 The amount of change in the calorific value of the fuel gas flowing out is reduced, and the fluctuation speed is lowered. That is, the fluctuation in the amount of heat generation can be greatly suppressed (mitigation), the buffering effect obtained by using the groove 5, the sin curve of the gas velocity in the gas inlet 6 and the angular velocity ω in the groove 5, and the number in the groove 5 "The heart of ^ is mixed and the number of door hinges is T ' then the amplitude of the exit fluctuation / the amplitude of the entrance fluctuation... (Gain): 1/(1 + 〇2 · T2V/2 of the II Sun. 分 ll 曰i 幻若Large γ υ ω2 or T (that is, in the tank volume) right larger 'G(10) will decrease 'that is, 'the heat generated by the outlet is small...the fluctuation suppression effect. The diagram is shown in the upper part of the fuel gas supply core 2, which is the fuel gas. Schematic diagram of the change in calorific value.
利用此槽5進行時間差混合乃重要的構成 使燃料氣體進行時間差混合，可 ▲由槽5 可安定地進行控制，俾使槽 游：0 “’、夏變動，而 變動經由減轨或姆敎而二 /貝,之燃料氣體的發熱量 Η …/ I、、、而调1於燃燒設備的氣體特性之交t 變動範圍内。 之谷δ午 此才曰5，尸、要有既定的容積即可 限定。例如，可Α咖〜 饵&上並無特別 為内各積為固定之固定内容積形式的 亦可為習知的燃氣輪機設備等中之作為監:， 的裝置（氣體貯槽）使 ，、而丁衡 動, 積變動形式的槽。内容積變 動形式的槽，係指星女 谓文 扣具有可因應槽的内壓而上下移動之材構 20 1293676 件(以氣密方式安裝)的槽等。可沿用此等槽作成具有抑制 燃料氣體之發熱量變動效果的槽5。X，亦可將複數的槽 5做串列配置或並列配置。 再者，為使在此槽5的內, , 内崢可更有效地進行時間差混 合，於槽5亦可設置用以對自氣體入口 6流入的燃料氣體 料擾拌並混合之㈣裝置，或亦可在内㈣置多孔板 等八月匕使自氣體入口6流入的燃料氣體通過多數的孔而 進行混合。 又，於上述燃料氣體供給通路3的槽下游侧，設置有 混合器8,其能使減熱或增熱用氣體混合入該燃料氣體中， 、、曰：：自上述槽5所流出的燃料氣體之發熱量變動。在此 8的下游側’设置有用以壓縮燃料氣體之氣體壓縮 棬:、使孔體壓^機9壓縮後之燃料氣體燃燒之燃氣輪 機2,猎由此燃氣輪機2來驅動發電機1〇。 氣轉 方、^述此合态8連接有用以供給減熱或增熱用的 :::空制氣體供給配管u。於此控制氣體供給配管η， :用:上氣，給器、13(透過用以調整減熱氣體流量之減 、里调即閥12而連接著）、與增熱氣體供給器(透 過用以調整增熱氣體流 著）。 瓜里之立日熱用^ ϊ調節閥14而連接 氣、ί =熱氣體，可採用惰性氣體、空氣、蒸汽、廢氮 ..(I ^ 為:’惟’作為惰性氣體，並不限定於N，亦可 火（〇2)或氮（He)等。作為上述增熱氣體，可採用 21 .1293676 局熱值氣體之天然氣或煉焦爐氣體（COG)等。 方面杰，心合器8的下游側之上述燃料氣體供給 通路3，設置有發熱量測定器16，以對此燃料氣體供給通 路中的燃料氣體之熱值進行測定。此發熱量測定器」6，可 採用·直接測定氣體發熱量之熱值計㈣l〇rie㈤价了）、測定 可t:成刀3有率（濃度）的裝置等。於重視偵測速度之場合， 以採用可燃性氣體濃度價測器為佳。再者，亦可依適用之 燃料氣體中主要含有之可燃性成分的種類、或依主要產生 ^發熱量變動的可.嫉、14 A、/V + Μ J Μ ϋ成分，來選用可偵測其成分濃度之濃 度偵測器。 以此發熱量測定器16監視混合器8的下游側之氣體之 熱值。以發熱量測定器16測定之測定值，透過輸人路徑η ^ 第控制為19(用以與事先對應於燃氣輪機2(燃燒 认備）所°又疋之既定設定值1 8比較）。此第一控制器丨9， 為ΡΙ控制器。第-控制ϋ 19,負責回授控制。於此第一 % ，工、=比較之結果、即甩以使燃料氣體供給通路3的 燃料乳體減熱或增熱的控制訊號，係自輸出路徑20透過 Θ 酉己 2 J φ 气至減熱用流量調節閥12或增熱用流量調整 閥14。藉此進行回授控制。 1 ^下°兒明的控制手法，係藉由如此構成之第1實施形 之乳肢發熱量控制裝置1，對燃料氣體供給通路3内之 鲞熱量會變氣 文動之燃料氣體，使其發熱量變動幅度在燃氣輪 .(级燒设備）的燃料氣體可安定使用的容許範圍内。 > 上述燃料氣體產生裝置4透過燃料氣體供給通路3 22 供給之燃料氣體，由槽 進行時間差混合。於此槽Γ中二6進入，在此槽5内 5中之燃料氣體，即使… 上述般，不斷地流入槽 自氣體出口 7产屮° “IL入槽5 N，亦會分布為較快 連續流入之新0、^分至滞留在槽5内較久的部分，故 、<新瑕i體、盥届止 可抑制自燃料氣體產生、二氣體會不斷地混合，而 大幢變動，自氣體出二 所供給之燃料氣體發熱量之 可得到抑制（緩和）。U W出之燃料氣體之大的發熱量變動 如此般’以設置於燃料氣體供 現燃料氣體的時間差現合），_ 之槽用來實 量變動，J1处栗姑〜 t科乳體之大幅度發熱 控制，一 變動得到::::：7之氣 圖1中槽5的容積為4_0m3L,圖動2係表示··當 ^〇〇〇〇Nm3/hr 5 狀態之模擬結果。橫軸表示時間的抑制:緩和） 的發熱量之氣體熱值(MJ/kg)e ㈣表不燃料氣體 如圖示般，關於利用槽5 果，例如，自燃料氣體產生裝置：二:量變動幅度之效 量變動（原始變動），於槽的入之然料氣體的發熱 示般有甚大的參差，於槽點鍵線表 口之杳熱1變動（抑制後變動），如圖中以 、曰印 發熱量變動得到大幅抑制之狀態 :、、、不般，為 具肢而δ，進入槽5前 23 1293676 =枓n氣體熱值係於約5助/ ，交動，自槽5出來之燃料氣體g: :._kg之間 5.8M"kg〜約6 8Mj/kg的程度，其變:二' 值則成為約 如圖示般，於變動週期方面，短週期二大：_ 相對於C 變動。此效果，當槽5容積 期供給流量愈大則愈顯著。於原始變動週 場合’就經濟性的觀點考量，槽5的 谷積即使較小亦有效果。 里才曰5的 係對面’設置於混合器8下游側之發熱量測定器16, 體供給通路3中的燃料氣體發熱量進行測定。 二此發熱量測定器16測定出之測定值，通過輸入路徑17 輻入到弟—控制器19。於此第一控制器Η，將送自第一 控制器19之測定值與事先對應於燃氣輪機2所設 定設定值1δ比較。The time difference mixing by the tank 5 is an important configuration for mixing the fuel gas with a time difference, and the tank 5 can be stably controlled by the tank 5, so that the tank swims: 0 "', summer changes, and the change is via the derailment or the methane. Second, the calorific value of the fuel gas is Η ... / I, , and is adjusted within the range of the variation of the gas characteristics of the combustion equipment. The valley δ is only 5 in the afternoon, and the corpse must have a predetermined volume. For example, it is possible to use a device (gas storage tank) in a conventional gas turbine plant or the like which is not in the form of a fixed internal volume which is fixed in a fixed manner. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The groove or the like can be used to form the groove 5 having the effect of suppressing the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas. X, the plurality of grooves 5 may be arranged in series or in parallel. Further, in order to make the groove 5 Internal, , internal, more efficient time difference mixing The tank 5 may be provided with a device for disturbing and mixing the fuel gas flowing from the gas inlet 6, or the fuel gas flowing from the gas inlet 6 may be passed through the inner (four) perforated plate or the like. Further, a plurality of holes are mixed, and a mixer 8 is provided on the downstream side of the tank of the fuel gas supply passage 3, and a gas for reducing heat or heat can be mixed into the fuel gas, and: The heat generation amount of the fuel gas flowing out of the tank 5 is changed. On the downstream side of the eighth side, a gas turbine 2 for compressing the fuel gas by compressing the fuel gas is provided, and the gas turbine 2 for compressing the fuel of the pore body press 9 is burned. The gas turbine 2 drives the generator 1〇. The gas-to-air connection is used to supply the heat-reducing or heat-increasing:: empty gas supply pipe u. Here, the gas supply pipe η is controlled. : Use: upper air, feeder, 13 (connected by adjusting the flow of the reduced heat gas, connected to the inner valve 12), and the heating gas supply (through the adjustment of the heating gas flow). The heat of Guari is used to connect the gas with the control valve 14 , ί = For the gas, inert gas, air, steam, and waste nitrogen can be used. (I ^ is: 'only' as an inert gas, not limited to N, but also fire (〇2) or nitrogen (He), etc. The hot gas may be a natural gas of a 21.1293676 local calorific value gas or a coke oven gas (COG), etc. In the above, the fuel gas supply passage 3 on the downstream side of the core coupler 8 is provided with a calorific value measuring device 16 to The calorific value of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply passage is measured. The calorimeter "6" can be used to directly measure the calorific value of the calorific value of the gas (4) l〇rie (five) price, and the measurement can be: A device with a rate (concentration), etc. In the case of attaching importance to the detection speed, it is preferable to use a flammable gas concentration detector. Furthermore, it is also possible to select detectable according to the type of flammable component mainly contained in the applicable fuel gas or the 嫉, 14 A, /V + Μ J Μ ϋ component which mainly generates the change of the calorific value. A concentration detector for its concentration. The calorimeter 16 monitors the calorific value of the gas on the downstream side of the mixer 8. The measured value measured by the calorimeter 16 is controlled to 19 by the input path η ^ (for comparison with the predetermined set value 18 which corresponds to the gas turbine 2 (combustion recognition) in advance). This first controller 丨9 is a ΡΙ controller. The first-control ϋ 19 is responsible for feedback control. The first %, the result of the comparison, the result of the comparison, that is, the control signal for reducing or increasing the heat of the fuel emulsion of the fuel gas supply passage 3, is from the output path 20 through the Θ 2 2 J φ gas to the reduction The heat flow rate adjusting valve 12 or the heat increasing flow rate adjusting valve 14 is used. This is used for feedback control. According to the first embodiment of the breast calorie calorie control device 1, the heat of the heat in the fuel gas supply passage 3 is changed to a gaseous fuel gas. The amount of change in calorific value is within the allowable range in which the fuel gas of the gas turbine (class burning equipment) can be used stably. > The fuel gas generated by the fuel gas generating device 4 through the fuel gas supply passage 3 22 is mixed by the time difference of the grooves. In this tank, the second 6 enters, and the fuel gas in the tank 5 is evenly flowed into the tank from the gas outlet 7 to produce the IL° "IL into the tank 5 N, which is also distributed in a relatively fast and continuous manner. The new inflow of 0, ^ points to the part that stays in the tank 5 for a long time, so, <new 瑕i body, 盥 可 can suppress the generation of fuel gas, the two gases will continue to mix, and the large building changes, from The calorific value of the fuel gas supplied by the gas can be suppressed (mitigated). The large amount of calorific value of the fuel gas from the UW is changed so as to be "the time difference between the fuel gas and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas." Used for real-volume changes, the large-scale heat control of the chestnuts in the J1 section, the t-body milk, a change::::::7 The volume of the groove 5 in Figure 1 is 4_0m3L, and the figure 2 shows that ^ 模拟 Nm3 / hr 5 state simulation results. The horizontal axis represents the inhibition of time: mitigation of the calorific value of the calorific value of the gas (MJ / kg) e (four) the fuel gas as shown, with regard to the use of the tank 5 For example, from the fuel gas generating device: two: the amount of change in the amount of change in volume (original change), The heat generation of the gas into the tank shows that there is a large difference in the heat, and the heat 1 in the groove of the groove is changed (after the suppression), and in the figure, the heat fluctuation is greatly suppressed: , not, for limbs δ, before entering the tank 5 23 1293676 = 枓n gas calorific value is about 5 aid /, the flow, fuel gas from the tank 5 g: :._kg between 5.8M" The degree of kg to about 6 8 Mj/kg, the change: the two' value is about the same as the figure, in terms of the fluctuation period, the short period is two: _ relative to C. This effect, when the tank 5 volume period supply flow The larger the value, the more significant it is. In the case of the original change week, the economical point of view is considered to be effective even if the valley product of the groove 5 is small. The heat generation of the opposite side of the mixer 8 is set on the downstream side of the mixer 8. The fuel of the fuel gas in the body supply passage 3 is measured. The measured value measured by the calorimeter 16 is transmitted through the input path 17 to the controller 19. The measured value sent from the first controller 19 corresponds to the set value set by the gas turbine 2 in advance. 1δ comparison.
者厂幸又之、、、°果，根據發熱篁測定器1 6所偵測之測定值 當必須對燃料氣體供給通路3的燃料氣 減埶 合、、:=出路徑20透過分配器21將— 斤曰周1閥12 ’自減熱氣體供給器13將既定量的減熱 虱給到混合器8中。又，於必須對燃料氣體進行增熱 之場合Μ系自輸出路捏20透過分配器21將控制訊號送至 增熱用流量調整閥14,自增熱氣體供給器15將既定量的 %熱Wι供給到混合器8中。如此’則供給到燃氣輪機2 中之燃料氣體的發熱量變動幅度可控制於不超過燃氣輪機 2的燃料氣體之容許範圍。以此混合器8控制後之發熱量 24 1293676 變動’如圖2中以實線表示般，大的發熱量變動得到 :成為長週期之小幅度發熱量變動’成為安定的燃料氣 紅，其發熱量㈣抑制於燃氣輪機2 _氣 銘囹如_ ~The factory is fortunately, again, and, according to the measured value detected by the heat enthalpy measuring device 16, when the fuel gas must be reduced to the fuel gas supply passage 3, the following path is passed through the distributor 21; — 曰 曰 Week 1 Valve 12 'The self-heating gas supplier 13 supplies a predetermined amount of heat reduction enthalpy to the mixer 8. Further, when it is necessary to heat the fuel gas, the control signal is sent from the output port 20 through the distributor 21 to the heat increasing flow rate adjusting valve 14, and the self-heating gas supplier 15 sets a predetermined amount of heat W1. It is supplied to the mixer 8. Thus, the fluctuation range of the amount of heat generation of the fuel gas supplied to the gas turbine 2 can be controlled not to exceed the allowable range of the fuel gas of the gas turbine 2. The heat generation amount 24 1293676 controlled by the mixer 8 is changed as shown by the solid line in FIG. 2, and the large heat generation variation is obtained: a small-scale heat generation change of a long period becomes a stable fuel gas red, and the heat is generated. Quantity (four) is suppressed in the gas turbine 2 _ 铭 囹 囹 _ ~
〜胃=此般，依據第！實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置卜 於=合器8將燃料氣體減熱或增熱的場合，對於上述般藉 由槽^來抑制大幅度發熱量變動之燃料氣體，依據混 8_下游側之發熱量變動來混合減熱或增熱氣體，如此般： 仃回杈控’j，可容易地控制於安定的發熱量。而且，由於 係對大幅度發熱量變動被抑制狀態之燃料氣體進行控制， 故供給至燃料氣體中之減熱或增熱氣體的量可減少。 μ —、例如，當燃氣輪機2之燃料氣體的發熱量變動幅 又又&為基準發熱量值（平均值）±1()%之場合，為使在槽」 :游，發熱量平均值與燃氣輪機2所設定之基準熱值一 —ϋ 一肴’、谷積適用於該規格的槽5，於下游側供給一 疋比例的控制氣體。 :匕貝^形怨中，係就將燃料氣體之發熱量減熱或增 々彳彳子=叱明，但依條件，亦可同時供給減熱氣體與增 :進：控制。而且，依燃料氣體與燃燒設備之條件， :進仃減熱或增熱，以單方面進行燃料氣體之發熱量 變動的抑制。 亦可將上述混合器8設置於槽5的内部或槽5的 1面’在# 5的内部或外面進行減熱或增熱。採用如此之 構成，則設備可精簡化。 25 1293676 圖3為概略顯示含有本發明之第2實施形態之氣體發 熱ΐ控制裝置之燃氣輪機發電設備一部分之配管圖。此第 2貫施形態’除第丨實施形態中之依據來自設置於混合器 8下游側之發熱量測定器16的訊號進行回授控制之外，亦 對槽5與混合器8間的燃料氣體供給通路3中之燃料氣體 發熱量變動進行敎，以進行前授控制。與上述第i實施 形態為相同的構成者係賦予相同的符號，其說明從略。 μ如圖示般，於槽5與混合器8間的燃料氣體供給通路 X置著第一發熱量測定器23。此第二發熱量測定器之 測定出之燃料氣體供給通路3中之燃料氣體的發熱量^，係 輸入路徑24輸入至第二控制器25中。此第2實施形 %之第二控制器、25會輸出控制訊號，以控制藉由槽5抑 ^毛二里文動後之燃料氣體所殘存的發熱量變動之殘餘部 :第—控制器25負責前授控制，亦可與上述第一控制 器1 9 一體形成。~ stomach = like this, according to the first! In the case where the gas heat-reducing device of the embodiment is used to reduce or increase the heat of the fuel gas, the fuel gas which suppresses the large amount of heat generation by the groove is used in the above-mentioned manner. The heat is changed to mix the heat-reducing or heat-increasing gas. In this way: 仃 杈 杈 j j, can easily control the stable heat. Further, since the fuel gas whose large amount of heat fluctuation is suppressed is controlled, the amount of heat reduction or heating gas supplied to the fuel gas can be reduced. — — For example, when the calorific value of the fuel gas of the gas turbine 2 is again & the reference calorific value (average value) ± 1 ()%, in order to make the average value of the calorific value in the groove: The reference calorific value set by the gas turbine 2 is one-to-one, and the trough is applied to the tank 5 of this specification, and a control gas of a ratio is supplied to the downstream side. : In the case of mussels, the heat of the fuel gas is reduced or increased by the heat of the fuel gas. However, depending on the conditions, it is also possible to supply the heat-reducing gas and increase: Further, depending on the conditions of the fuel gas and the combustion equipment, heat reduction or heat generation is performed to suppress the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas in a unilateral manner. The mixer 8 described above may be disposed inside the tank 5 or on the one side of the tank 5 to reduce heat or heat inside or outside the #5. With this configuration, the device can be simplified. 25 1293676 Fig. 3 is a piping diagram schematically showing a part of a gas turbine power generating apparatus including a gas heat generating unit control device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This second embodiment is a fuel gas between the tank 5 and the mixer 8 in addition to the feedback control from the signal from the calorimeter 16 provided on the downstream side of the mixer 8 in the third embodiment. The fuel gas heat generation fluctuation in the supply passage 3 is performed to perform the pre-administration control. The same components as those in the above-described first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted. As shown in the figure, the first calorific value measuring device 23 is placed in the fuel gas supply path X between the tank 5 and the mixer 8. The calorific value of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply passage 3 measured by the second calorimeter is input to the second controller 25 via the input path 24. The second controller 25 of the second embodiment outputs a control signal to control the residual portion of the calorific value remaining in the fuel gas after the movement of the slot 5: the controller 25 It is responsible for the pre-administration control, and can also be formed integrally with the first controller 19 described above.
人^。另方面，與上述第1實施形態同樣地，以設置於混 下⑭側之發熱量測定器16測定之燃料氣體供給通 ★的燃料氣體發熱量之測定值，係透過輸入路徑17 燃氣輪機制1丄9 ’於此第一控制器19，與事先對應於 給通^ '所设疋的既定設定值18比較，於燃料氣體供 出至h之，料氣體須減熱的場合，將減熱之控制訊號輸 出至=心2G’於須增熱的場合，將增熱之控制訊號輸 出至輸出路徑2()。 …、後，此減熱或增熱之控制訊號，以來自上述第二控 26 1293676 制器25透過輪出路徑26輸出之減減增熱之控制訊號做 修正。第一控制器19之控制訊號以第二控制器25之控制 訊號修正的結果，當燃料氣體供給料3之燃料氣體㈣ 熱：場合’係將控制訊號透過分配器21 $到減熱用流量 调即閥12’自減熱氣體供給器13將既定量的減熱氣體供 給到混合器、8。又，當須使燃料氣體增熱的場合，係透過 分配器21將控制訊號送到增熱用流量調整閥μ，自增熱 氣體供給器15將既定量的增熱氣體供給到混合器8。People ^. On the other hand, in the same manner as in the above-described first embodiment, the measured value of the fuel gas calorific value of the fuel gas supply passage measured by the calorific value measuring device 16 provided on the side of the mixing 14 is transmitted through the input path 17 by the gas wheel mechanism. 9 'In this first controller 19, compared with the predetermined set value 18 corresponding to the setting of the current pass, the control signal for the heat reduction is applied when the fuel gas is supplied to h and the material gas is to be reduced in heat. Output to =2G' When the heat is to be increased, the heating control signal is output to the output path 2 (). After that, the control signal for the heat reduction or heating is corrected by the control signal from the second control 26 1293676 controller 25 outputting the reduction and heating through the round-out path 26. The control signal of the first controller 19 is corrected by the control signal of the second controller 25, when the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply material 3 (4) is hot: the occasion is to adjust the control signal through the distributor 21 $ to the flow rate for heat reduction That is, the valve 12' supplies a predetermined amount of heat reducing gas to the mixer, 8 from the heat reducing gas supplier 13. Further, when it is necessary to heat the fuel gas, the control signal is sent to the heat increasing flow rate adjusting valve μ through the distributor 21, and a predetermined amount of heat increasing gas is supplied from the heat increasing gas supplier 15 to the mixer 8.
依據此帛2實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝f 27，以混 =器8將燃料氣體賴或增熱的場合，除上述第i實施形 :般用回授控制(對經由槽5抑制大幅度發熱量變動後的燃 :乳體’依據其於混合器下游側之發熱量變動來混合減熱 熱氣體)調整熱值之外，亦用前授控制(於混合器8的 亡：側’依據出自# 5的燃料氣體中殘存之發熱量變動而 :…咸熱或增熱氣體)來調節熱值，因此，與第！實施形態 二比，可輯快速的發熱量變動而使發熱量調整於既定的 =幅！内。.此場合，亦由於係對抑制大幅度發熱量變動 埶式、大心之燃料乳體進行控制’故供給至燃料氣體中之減 …、或增熱氣體的量可減少。 “又，於此第2實施形態中，係採用除進行回授控制之 夢由：行前授控制的構成，‘准，由於槽下游之燃料氣體已 縮小發熱量變動幅度，故亦可採用以下構成，即， 豕制4禮供給通路3中之燃料氣體的發熱量至第 4制泰25之以第二發熱量測定器23测定者）與流量，與 27 1293676 於第二控制器25中事先對應於燃氣輪機2所設定的既定 口又疋值1 8比較’當燃料氣體供給通路3之燃料氣體須減 熱的場合，將減熱之控制訊號輸出至輸出路徑2〇，當須增 熱的場合，將增熱之控制訊號輸出至輸出路徑2〇。此場合 之前授控制，係依據混合增熱、減熱氣體前的燃料氣體之 發熱置與流量，算出使混合後的熱值成為既定值所須的混 合量，以該混合量作為混合值而進行混合，以進行必要量According to the gas calorific value control device f 27 of the second embodiment, when the fuel gas is heated or heated by the mixer 8, the feedback control is used in addition to the above-described first embodiment: Combustion after the change of calorific value: The milk body 'mixes the desuperheating hot gas according to the change of the calorific value on the downstream side of the mixer.) In addition to the calorific value, the pre-administration control (in the dead: side of the mixer 8) is also used. The amount of heat remaining in the fuel gas from #5 varies: ... salty heat or heat-increasing gas) to adjust the calorific value, so, and the first! In the second embodiment, the rapid calorific value can be changed to adjust the calorific value to the predetermined = amplitude! Inside. In this case, the amount of the fuel to be supplied to the fuel gas can be reduced by controlling the fuel emulsion that suppresses a large amount of heat fluctuation. Further, in the second embodiment, the configuration in which the feedback control is performed is performed by the pre-delivery control, and the fuel gas downstream of the tank has been reduced in the amount of heat generation fluctuation. The configuration, that is, the calorific value of the fuel gas in the supply channel 3 to the second calorimeter 23 and the flow rate, and 27 1293676 in the second controller 25 Corresponding to the established port set by the gas turbine 2 and the value of the comparison 1 'When the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply passage 3 has to be reduced, the control signal for the heat reduction is output to the output path 2〇, when the heat is required to be heated The heating control signal is output to the output path 2〇. In this case, the control is based on the heat generation and flow rate of the fuel gas before the mixed heat increase and the heat reduction gas, and the calculated heat value is calculated to be a predetermined value. The amount of the required mixture is mixed with the mixing amount as a mixing value to carry out the necessary amount.
混合的控制。此控制 制。Mixed control. This control system.
係僅利用苐二控制器2 5之前授控 、一从…、王u㈣取直”史發熱量變 動缓和的狀態。圖4係顯示以與上述圖2相同條件模擬之 狀態。依據此第2實施形態，如圖中以實線所示般，、盥上 述圖2相比’以混合器8控制後的發熱量變動，可抑制大 幅度發熱量變動，成為長週期之小幅度的發熱量變動，可 得到發熱量變動在燃氣輪機2燃料氣體的容許 定的燃料氣體。 :5概略顯示含有本發明第3實施形態之氣體發熱量 控制表置之燃乳輪機發電設備的—部分之配管圖。3 實施形態’係先作成由槽5的氣體入口 6之發：量變動來 子頁測氣體出口 7蘇献旦姓去丨， -V |夂w 預I孔a /么熱里變動之模擬模型 上游側之第三發熱量測定器 叹置於槽5的 -皆，M 定之燃料氣體的發熱 里矾唬依據上述杈撻模型來預測 — ,、/、日八哭R+ Μ上 之發熱量變動’ ^“8錢或增熱，如此般進行前授。 述實施形…相同的構成者，，予相同之符號其說： 28 1293676 從略。 如圖示般，於槽5的上游側之燃料氣體供給通路3設 置第三發熱量測定器29。以此第三發熱量測定器29測定 出之燃料氣體供給通路3中的燃料氣體之發熱量，係透過 輸入路徑；30輸入到内建有模擬模型之模擬器31。 ” 預先内建於此模擬器31中之模擬模型，藉由有限元素 法等進行緩衝槽模型之模擬，以其結果為依據，作成對應The state is controlled by the second controller 25, and the state of the heat is moderated from the ..., the king u (four). Fig. 4 shows the state simulated by the same conditions as in Fig. 2. According to the second implementation In the figure, as shown by the solid line in the figure, compared with the above-described FIG. 2, the change in the amount of heat generated by the mixer 8 can suppress the fluctuation of the large amount of heat generation, and the amount of heat generation which is a small period of a long period is small. It is possible to obtain a fuel gas that is allowed to vary in the amount of heat generated in the fuel gas of the gas turbine 2. Fig. 5 schematically shows a piping diagram of a part of the fuel-fired power plant including the gas calorific value control table according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The form ' is first made from the gas inlet 6 of the tank 5: the amount is changed to the sub-page to measure the gas outlet 7 Su Xiandan surname to 丨, -V |夂w pre-I hole a / the change of the upstream side of the simulation model The three calorimeters are placed in the trough 5, and the heat of the fuel gas is predicted according to the above-mentioned enthalpy model. -, /, the day eight crying R + Μ on the calorific value change ^ ^ 8 money Or heat up, so pre-authorized. The same constituents are described, and the same symbols are used to say: 28 1293676 is omitted. As shown in the figure, the third calorific value measuring device 29 is provided in the fuel gas supply passage 3 on the upstream side of the tank 5. The calorific value of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply passage 3 measured by the third calorimeter 29 is transmitted through the input path; 30 is input to the simulator 31 in which the simulation model is built. The simulation model built in this simulator 31 is pre-built, and the buffer tank model is simulated by the finite element method, and the result is based on the result.
於使用之緩衝槽的模擬模型。此模擬模型，例如，係於既 定的流量與容積之槽5中，使用將一次延遲與空檔時間系 統之訊號乘以常數倍所得值複數個加總而成者，對其時間 常數進行相當於偵測器延遲的修正而作成。A simulation model of the buffer tank used. The simulation model is, for example, in a predetermined flow rate and volume slot 5, which is obtained by multiplying the signal obtained by multiplying the signal of the primary delay and the neutral time system by a constant multiple, and the time constant is equivalent thereto. The detector delay is corrected and created.
圖6係顯示圖5之第3實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝 置中模擬模型一例之方塊圖。上述模擬模型，係將一次延 遲與空檔時間系統之訊號乘以常數倍所得值加總而作成， 此圖中，顯示3個系統的例子。具體而言，對第三發熱量 測定器29測定出之訊號，係將測定器之一次延遲，以模 擬模型上游之延遲補償（1 +Ta氺s)/(丨+Tb * s)來補償，對該 訊號，係將一次延遲與空檔時間系統之訊號乘以常數倍所 得值加總，以預測槽5的氣體出口 7之發熱量變動。又， 圖6之各符號代表之意義如下，s :拉普拉斯轉換參數；丁&、 Tb :延遲補償常數；τι、T2、T3 : 一次延遲；L1、乂2、L3 : 空棺時間；Gl、G2、G3 :常數倍係數。 藉由如此之模擬模型所預測之槽5的氣體出口 7之發 熱量變動的訊號，係透過路徑32輸出至上述第二控制器 29 # 1293676 25。於此第二控制器25，與預先對應於燃氣輪機2所設定 的既定之設定值18及流量22比較。 此比較之結果’根據第三發熱量測定器29測定出之測 疋值’當須將燃料氣體供給通路3之燃料氣體減熱的場合， 自輸出路徑20透過分配器21將控制訊號送到減熱用流量 调節閥12，自減熱氣體供給器13將既定量的減熱氣體供 給至混合器8。又，當須將燃料氣體增熱的場合，則自輸 出路徑20透過分配器21將控制訊號送到增熱用流量調整 閥14 ’自增熱氣體供給器15將既定量的減熱氣體供給至 混合器8。 依據如此之第3實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置33， 即使於燃料氣體產生快速的發熱量變動，由於係在槽5的 上游側測定其快速的發熱量變動，依據模擬模型而進行對 應於其發熱量變動之控制，故可追隨性良好地抑制發熱量 變動。而且’即使於第2實施形態之第二發熱量測定器23 產生測定時間延遲的場合，以此帛3 f施形態之氣體發熱 量控制裝置33亦可因應。 圖7為概略表示含有本發明之第4實施形態之氣體發 熱ϊ控制裝置之燃氣輪機發電設備一部分之配管圖，此第 4貝知^/恶，除上述第3實施形態之前授控制之外，並加 入上述第1或第2貫施形態之回授控制。又，與上述第2、 第3貝她形恶相同的構成係賦予相同的符號，其說明從略。 如圖不般’除圖5的構成之外，以設置於混合器下游 側之發熱量測定器16所測定之燃料氣體供給通路3中的 30 1293676 燃料氣體熱值之測定值，係輸入第一控制器〗9中，在此 第一控制器1 9 ’與預先對應於燃氣輪機2所設定的既定設 定值18比較，當燃料氣體供給通路3之燃料氣體須減熱 的場合，將減熱之控制訊號輸出至輸出路徑2〇 ;當須增熱 的場合，將增熱之控制訊號輸出至輸出路徑2〇。 然後’此減熱或增熱之回授控制訊號，以來自上述第 制的25透過輸出路控26輸出之減熱或增熱之前授控 制汛號做修正。來自第一控制器1 9之控制訊號以發自第 才工制裔25之控制訊號修正的結果，當燃料氣體供給通 3之燃料氣體須減熱的場合，係將控制訊號透過分配器 到減熱用流量調節閥12，自減熱氣體供給器13將既 :里=減熱氣體供給到混合器8。又，當須使燃料氣體增 〔2 %合，係透過分配器21將控制訊號送到增熱用流量 :整閥14,自增熱氣體供給器15將既定量的增熱氣體供 給到混合器8。Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of a simulation model in the gas calorific value control apparatus of the third embodiment of Fig. 5; The above simulation model is created by multiplying the signal of the one-time delay and the neutral time system by a constant multiple, and in this figure, an example of three systems is shown. Specifically, the signal measured by the third calorimeter 29 is delayed by one time of the analyzer, and compensated by the delay compensation (1 + Ta氺s) / (丨 + Tb * s) upstream of the simulation model. For this signal, the signal obtained by multiplying the signal of the one-time delay and the neutral time system by a constant multiple is added to predict the heat fluctuation of the gas outlet 7 of the tank 5. Moreover, the symbols of FIG. 6 represent the following meanings, s: Laplace conversion parameters; D&, Tb: delay compensation constant; τι, T2, T3: one delay; L1, 乂2, L3: open time ; Gl, G2, G3: constant multiple factor. The signal of the heat fluctuation of the gas outlet 7 of the tank 5 predicted by such a simulation model is output to the second controller 29 #1293676 25 through the path 32. The second controller 25 is compared with a predetermined set value 18 and a flow rate 22 set in advance corresponding to the gas turbine 2 . The result of this comparison 'measured by the third calorimeter 29'. When the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply passage 3 is to be desuperheated, the control signal is sent from the output path 20 through the distributor 21 to the subtraction. The heat flow rate adjusting valve 12 supplies a predetermined amount of heat reducing gas to the mixer 8 from the heat reducing gas supplier 13. Further, when the fuel gas is to be heated, the control signal is sent from the output path 20 to the heat-increasing flow rate adjusting valve 14 through the distributor 21. The self-heating gas supplier 15 supplies a predetermined amount of the heat-reducing gas to Mixer 8. According to the gas calorific value control device 33 of the third embodiment, even if the fuel gas generates a rapid calorific value fluctuation, the rapid calorific value fluctuation is measured on the upstream side of the tank 5, and the simulation model is used in accordance with the simulation model. The control of the change in the amount of heat generation can suppress the fluctuation of the calorific value with good followability. Further, even when the second calorimeter 23 of the second embodiment causes a measurement time delay, the gas calorific value control device 33 in the form of a f3 f can also be used. Fig. 7 is a piping diagram schematically showing a part of a gas turbine power generating apparatus including a gas heating crucible control device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the fourth embodiment is controlled in addition to the third embodiment. The feedback control of the first or second embodiment described above is added. It is to be noted that the same reference numerals are given to the same components as the above-mentioned second and third aspects, and the description thereof will be omitted. In addition to the configuration of FIG. 5, the measured value of the fuel value of the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply passage 3 measured by the calorific value measuring device 16 disposed on the downstream side of the mixer is the first input. In the controller 9, the first controller 19' is compared with the predetermined set value 18 set in advance corresponding to the gas turbine 2, and when the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply passage 3 is to be reduced in heat, the control of the heat reduction is performed. The signal is output to the output path 2〇; when heating is required, the heating control signal is output to the output path 2〇. Then, the feedback control signal of the heat reduction or heating is corrected by the control nickname from the above-mentioned 25th output of the output control 26 to reduce or increase the heat output. The control signal from the first controller 19 is outputted from the control signal of the second generation of the genre 25, and when the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply 3 is to be reduced, the control signal is transmitted through the distributor to the subtraction. The heat flow rate adjusting valve 12 supplies the inner heat reducing gas to the mixer 8 from the heat reducing gas supplier 13. Further, when the fuel gas is required to be increased by 2%, the control signal is sent to the heat-increasing flow rate through the distributor 21: the whole valve 14, and the self-heating gas supply unit 15 supplies a predetermined amount of the heat-increasing gas to the mixer. 8.
々圖8為表示藉由圖7之氣體發熱量控制裝置抑制（緩矛 =熱量變動的狀態之圖，藉由前授控制(如上述般對槽5_ :側，撚料氣體之發熱量變動，依據模擬模型進行控制名 人：授控制(依據混合器8下游側之燃料氣體的發熱量變， :控制者）進行控制後的發熱量變動，如實線表示般，可； 纖：抑制大幅度發熱量變動而成為長週期之小幅度發⑸ 二:成為發熱量變動抑制於燃氣輪機2燃料氣體的容嘗 文動乾圍内之安定的燃料氣體。 亦即，依據A第4實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置35， 31 •1293676 即使於燃料氣體產生快速的發熱量變動，由於係在槽5的 上游側測定其快速的發熱量變動，依據模擬模型而進行對 應於其發熱量變動之控制，故可追隨性良好地抑制發熱量 變動。而且，依據第4實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置35， 如上述第2實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置27般，即使 於第二發熱量測定器23產生測定時間延遲的場合，亦可 因應。 ^ 再者’於此實施形態，由於使用在模擬器3 1内建有與 實際的槽特性近似的模擬模型之前授控制，巧妙地利用較 叹置於槽5上游之第三發熱量測定器29的測定時間更長 的槽内滯留時間以補償測定時間之延遲，而高精度地預淨: 槽出口之發熱量，故可達成藉由前授控制之良好的追隨 眭，而將燃氣輪機2入口側之殘餘發熱量變動幅度抑制於 谷许限度範圍内，俾達成設備之連續安定運轉。 旦*圖9為概略表示含有本發明第5實施形態之氣體發熱 曰彳工制破置之燃氣輪機發電設備一部分之配管圖，此第5 ^轭形態，除上述第4實施形態外，如燃料氣體供給通路 I5之示思圖示的線圖般，即使燃料氣體之發熱量變動 平7值以疋幅度上昇或下降的場合，亦可加以控制。 又，與上述第4實施形態相同的構成係賦予相同的符號， 其說明從略。 即圃不般，於此第 燃料氣體供給通路3設置第二混合器37，於此第二混合器 37上游側之燃料氣體供給通路3設置第三發熱量測定器 32 1293676FIG. 8 is a view showing a state in which the gas heat generation control device of FIG. 7 suppresses (the slow spear = heat fluctuation), and the control is performed by the pre-administration (the above-described groove 5_: side, the heat generation amount of the feed gas is changed, According to the simulation model, the celebrity is controlled: the control (according to the heat generation of the fuel gas on the downstream side of the mixer 8: the controller) changes the calorific value after the control, as indicated by the solid line; In the case of a long-term small-scale hair (5) 2: a fuel gas that is stable in the heat-transfer of the fuel gas of the gas turbine 2, that is, the gas-heating control device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 35, 31 • 1293676 Even if the rapid change of the calorific value of the fuel gas is generated, the rapid calorific value fluctuation is measured on the upstream side of the tank 5, and the control corresponding to the calorific value change is performed according to the simulation model, so the followability is possible. The gas calorific value control device 35 according to the fourth embodiment is similar to the gas calorific value control device 27 of the second embodiment. Even when the second calorimeter 23 generates a measurement time delay, it can be used. ^ In addition, in this embodiment, a simulation model similar to the actual groove characteristic is built in the simulator 31. Controlling, skillfully utilizing the longer retention time in the tank than the third calorimeter 29 located upstream of the tank 5 to compensate for the delay of the measurement time, and pre-purifying with high precision: the calorific value of the trough outlet, Therefore, it is possible to achieve a continuous stabilization operation of the gas turbine 2 on the inlet side of the gas turbine 2 by performing a good follow-up control by the pre-administration control, thereby achieving a continuous stable operation of the equipment. A piping diagram of a part of the gas turbine power generating apparatus in which the gas heat generation is broken in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and the fifth yoke form, in addition to the fourth embodiment, is a schematic diagram of the fuel gas supply path I5. In the same manner as in the above-described fourth embodiment, even if the heat generation of the fuel gas changes by a factor of 7 in the range of the increase or decrease in the magnitude of the enthalpy, it can be controlled. The same reference numerals are given to the same reference numerals, that is, the second fuel heater 37 is provided in the first fuel gas supply passage 3, and the third heat generation amount is set in the fuel gas supply passage 3 on the upstream side of the second mixer 37. Measuring device 32 1293676
29。以此第三發熱量測定器29測定出之燃料氣體供給通 路3中的燃料氣體之發熱量，係自輸入路徑輸入之第 三控制器38。又，以設置於混合器8(設置於槽5下游側） 下游側之發熱量測定器1 6所測定之燃料氣體的發熱量， 亦自輸入路徑17輸入至此第三控制器38。而且，於此第 三控制器38監視著：相對於混合器8下游側之發熱量變 動之平均值，槽5上游側之發熱量變動之平均值是否上^ 或下降達一定幅度。此第三控制器38為監視控制器。 又’於槽5的上游側之燃料氣體之發熱量變動的平均 :測定出有一定幅度的上昇或下降之場合，自此第三控制 器38透過輸出路徑39與分配器4〇，當須減熱的場合，將 控制訊號輸出至減熱用流量調整_ 41 ’使既定量的減熱氣 體自減熱氣體供給器42由第二控制氣體供給配管45:仏 至第二混合器37;當須增熱的場合，將控制訊號輸出：： ，用流量調整目43’使既^量的增熱氣體自增熱氣體輕 裔44由第二控制氣體供給配管化供給至第二混合器叨。 另一方面，以上述第三發熱量測定器29測 體供給通^内的燃料氣體之發熱量，亦輸人至内建= 刪之模擬器 1。又，自上述第三控制…= 出路徑39的控制訊號亦輸入至模擬器31。 出至輸 圖1 〇為表示組裝於此箆5奋 处 裝置46中模擬m '之氧體發熱量控制 中杈擬為31之模擬模型一例之方塊圖。此圖中， 埶量變的上游側所記載般，就須將平均值較高的發 進仃減熱的場合加以說明。此場合，係控制圖9 33 * 1293676 之減熱用々,L里5周整閥41 ’將減熱氣體自減熱氣體供給器42 i、、七至第二混合器3 7。其模擬模型，也是將一次延遲與空 才田日可間系統之訊號乘以常數倍所得值複數個加總而作成， 此圖中，基於說明方便，亦以3個系統的例子而表示。 又，此模擬模型的場合，當槽5上游側之燃料氣體的 發熱量變動平均值產生偏差時，係在模擬模型的上游側進 仃修正。具體而言，對第三發熱量測定器29之測定訊號，29. The amount of heat generated by the fuel gas in the fuel gas supply path 3 measured by the third calorimeter 29 is the third controller 38 input from the input path. Moreover, the calorific value of the fuel gas measured by the calorific value measuring device 16 provided on the downstream side of the mixer 8 (on the downstream side of the tank 5) is also input from the input path 17 to the third controller 38. Further, the third controller 38 monitors whether or not the average value of the heat generation fluctuation on the upstream side of the tank 5 is equal to or decreased by a certain amount with respect to the average value of the heat generation change on the downstream side of the mixer 8. This third controller 38 is a monitoring controller. Further, the average of the fluctuations in the calorific value of the fuel gas on the upstream side of the tank 5: when a certain increase or decrease is measured, the third controller 38 passes through the output path 39 and the distributor 4, and is required to be reduced. In the case of heat, the control signal is output to the heat-reducing flow rate adjustment _ 41 ', so that the predetermined amount of the heat-reducing gas from the heat-reducing gas supplier 42 is supplied from the second control gas supply pipe 45: to the second mixer 37; In the case of heat increase, the control signal is output::, by the flow adjustment target 43', the increased amount of the heat-increasing gas from the heat-increasing gas light-weight 44 is supplied to the second mixer 由 by the second control gas supply piping. On the other hand, the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied to the body by the third calorimeter 29 is also input to the built-in/deleted simulator 1. Further, a control signal from the third control ... = outgoing path 39 is also input to the simulator 31. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an example of a simulation model that is simulated in the simulation of m's oxygen generation in device 46. In the figure, as described on the upstream side of the amount of change, it is necessary to describe the case where the average value is increased and the heat is reduced. In this case, the heat-reducing enthalpy of Fig. 9 33 * 1293676 is controlled, and the 5-week full valve 41' in the L-revolution gas is used to reduce the hot gas from the heat-reducing gas supplier 42 i and the seventh to the second mixer 37. The simulation model is also generated by multiplying the one-time delay and the signal obtained by multiplying the signal of the space field by a constant multiple. This figure is convenient for explanation and is also represented by three system examples. Further, in the case of this simulation model, when the average value of the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas on the upstream side of the tank 5 is varied, the correction is performed on the upstream side of the simulation model. Specifically, the measurement signal of the third calorimeter 29,
以圖不於杈擬模型上游之延遲補償（i+Ta * s)/(1+Tb * 來 補償測定器之-次延遲，對該訊號，於第三控制器％進 行i、、、Ό減熱氣體（用以修正發熱量變動之平均值差者）後之 乜正對孩修正後之訊號，將一次延遲與空檔時間系統之 汛唬乘以常數倍所得值複數個加總，以預測槽$的氣體出 口 7之發熱量變動。又，圖10之各符號係與前述圖6者 相同，所代表的意義如下，s:拉普拉斯轉換參數；^ 延遲補償常數；T1、T2、T3:—次延遲；li、l2、l3: 空檔時間;G1、G2、G3··常數倍係數。第二控制器25内 之式為變動量之微分式。 又二依據如此之模擬模型所預測之槽5的氣體出口 7 之發熱量變動的訊號，透過路徑32輸出 器…自此第二控制器25輪出控制信號，以控制所預^ 之發熱量變動的殘餘份（殘存於藉由们 之 平均差後之燃料氣體中）。 …里艾動之 合器 另一方面，與上述第4實施形態 8的下游側之發熱量測定器i 6 同樣地，以設置於混 所測定之燃料氣體供 34 1293676 第路3中的燃料4體熱值，係輸人第—控制器19,於此 =控制器…與預先對應於燃氣輪機2所設定的既定設 的比較’當燃料氣體供給通路3之燃料氣體須減熱 、穷口 ’將減熱之控制訊號輸出至輸出路徑20。 又’此減熱之控制訊號，係以自上述第二控制 出至輸出路徑26之控制气夂下十 輸 m孔唬修正。來自第一控制器 控制訊號以來自第-批在丨丨哭、^ …。 25之控制訊號修正之結果， 田燃料軋體供給通路3之嫩料今 制㈣、… 乳體須減熱的場合，係將控 刹戒唬透過分配器2〗祛 氣體供給器13將既定4二 *調㈣12，自減熱 ㈣疋！的減熱氣體供給到混合器8。藉此， 二料乳體之發熱量調整於容許變動範圍内。 此處’係說明對姆料裔雜 .M AA 心減熱之例，當須使燃科 熱的場合，係透過分配器21將控制訊號送到増孰 用/瓜置凋整閥14，自增熱氣體供給 氣體供給到混合器8。 將既疋里的增熱 依據此第5實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置46，即使 燃料氣體之發熱量變動之平均值產生一定幅度之上昇 降，可於槽5的上游侧對該平均值之上昇或^加以抑制， 故即使燃料氣體為發熱量變動之平均值變化大者，亦可控 制於燃氣輪機2燃料氣體之容許範圍内之安定的狀態。工 此場合，亦可進行同時供給減熱氣體與增熱氣體之控 制’又’依燃料氣體之條件，亦可為只進行減熱或增熱之 構成，以單方面抑制燃料氣體之發熱量變動平均值。 只要使用上述所說明之實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝 35 1293676 置（方法）’對各種燃料氣體，可確實地抑制其發熱量變動 於燃燒ό又備之谷§午範圍内’使其安定化，而可有效且高效 率地利用。 又，於上述所說明之實施形態中，係以燃氣輪機作為 燃燒設備的例示，惟，本發明之燃燒設備並非限定於燃氣 輪機。此等氣體發熱量控制裝置，亦可適用於其他的燃燒 設備，例如，鍋爐、加熱爐、焚化爐等。 再者，於上述說明之實施形態，係說明可將燃料氣體 之發熱i減熱或增熱的構成，惟，亦可為只進行減熱或增 熱的構成。又，亦可為同時進行減熱或增熱的雙方之構成。 又，於上述說明之實施形態，係分別設置不同作甩之 控制器，惟，亦可任意地統合。 再者，使用之燃料氣體包含：高爐氣體（BFG)、轉爐 氣體’(LDG)、煤層中所含有之煤層氣體（「c〇a1mine gas」、 以「CMG」表示）、於直接還原煉鐵法或熔融煉鐵法所產 生之伴生氯體、GTL(Gas-to-Liquid)製程中所產生之尾氣 (Tail gas)、自油砂（〇iI sand：^行油精製之製程所伴生之伴 生氣體、用電漿之垃圾焚化所產生之氣體、含有廚餘之一 般垃圾在掩埋場之發酵、分解過程所產生之甲烷氣（Landfin gas ·垃圾掩埋場氣體）、及使其他類似之原料進行化學反 二所伴卩返產生之伴生氣體等之低熱值氣體等。又，作為燃 料氣體，不僅為低熱值氣體，亦包含。中熱值氣體、高熱 值氣體。當然，作為燃料氣體，上述氣體單獨使用、至少 2種的氣體之適當地混合使用的場合、及此等氣體所混合 36 1293676 之氣體皆可適用於本發明。 又，上述之任一實施形態皆 略圖，關於實際上之相 4用以說明基本作用的概 動裝置、變壓哭、衣置或組裝品（例如，閥、起 又土-、斷路器、槽_ 〜 依據本發明，可抑制氣體之發而未加以記述。 體發熱量控制裝置，以對燃：…、里k冑’可適用於氣 爐等燃燒設備供仏安定；“機、鍋爐、加熱爐、焚化 又W仏、、，口女疋的燃料氣體。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係概略顯示含有本發 量控制裝置之舞氣幹機…弟1貫施形態之氣體發熱 “、、巩輪機發電設備之配管圖。 圖2顯示藉由圖1之韻麯旅 變動後的狀態之圖。峨熱！控制裝置抑制發熱量 圖3係概略顯示含有太义 曰 屬本毛明弟2實施形態之氣體發熱 ϊ控制裝置之燃氣輪機發雷μ 彻彳成S冤，又備的一部分之配管圖、 圖4顯示藉由圖盏辦炊上胃 之乳體發熱量控制裝置使發熱量變 動緩和的狀態之圖。 〇圖5係概略顯示含有本發明第3實施形態之氣體發熱 量控制裝置之燃氣輪機發電設備一部分之配管圖。 圖6顯不圖5之第3實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置 中模擬模型一例之方塊圖。 圖7係概略顯示含有本發明第4實施形態之氣體發熱 里控制瓜置之燃氣輪機發電設備一部分之配管圖。 圖8顯示藉由圖7之氣體發熱量控制裝置使發熱量變 動緩和的狀態之圖。 37 k 1293676 圖9係概略顯示含有本發明第5實施形態之氣體發熱 里控制裝置之燃氣輪機發電設備一部分之配管圖。 圖10顯7F圖9之第5實施形態之氣體發熱量控制裝置 中杈擬模型一例之方塊圖。 圖11係概略顯不習知的燃氣輪機發電設備之配管圖。 圖12顯不圖11之燃氣輪機發電設備中的發熱量變動。 【主要元件代表符號】In the figure, the delay compensation (i+Ta * s)/(1+Tb *) upstream of the simulation model is used to compensate the -sub-delay of the analyzer, and the signal is subjected to i, , and subtraction in the third controller %. After the hot gas (to correct the difference in the average value of the calorific value change), the corrected signal is corrected by multiplying the value of the primary delay and the neutral time system by a constant multiple to predict the number of times. The heat generation of the gas outlet 7 of the tank $ is changed. Further, the symbols of Fig. 10 are the same as those of the above-mentioned Fig. 6, and the meanings are as follows, s: Laplace conversion parameter; ^ Delay compensation constant; T1, T2 T3: - secondary delay; li, l2, l3: neutral time; G1, G2, G3 · constant multiple coefficient. The formula in the second controller 25 is the differential of the variation. Secondly, based on such a simulation model The signal of the change in the amount of heat generated by the gas outlet 7 of the predicted tank 5 is transmitted through the path 32. The second controller 25 rotates the control signal to control the residual portion of the predicted heat generation fluctuation (residue by The average difference between the fuel gas and the fuel gas.) 4 The calorific value measuring device i 6 on the downstream side of the eighth embodiment is similarly provided with the body heat value of the fuel 4 provided in the fuel gas supply 34 1293676 in the third channel, and is input to the first controller 19 This = controller ... is compared with a predetermined setting corresponding to that set by the gas turbine 2 'When the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply passage 3 is to be reduced in heat, the control signal for reducing the heat is output to the output path 20. The control signal for the heat reduction is corrected by the control of the second control output to the output path 26, and the control signal from the first controller is from the first batch to cry, ^. 25 The result of the control signal correction, the field of the fuel heating supply channel 3 of the field (4), ... When the milk body needs to reduce heat, the control brake will pass through the distributor 2 祛 gas supplier 13 will be set 4 The second heat transfer gas is supplied to the mixer 8. The heat of the second emulsion is adjusted within the allowable range of variation. Here, the description shows the pair of materials. AA case of heart heat reduction, when it is necessary to make the burning heat, The distributor 21 sends the control signal to the pick-up/melt-feeding valve 14, and supplies the self-heating gas supply gas to the mixer 8. The heat-increasing heat of the battery is based on the gas-heating control device according to the fifth embodiment. 46. Even if the average value of the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas rises and falls within a certain range, the rise or the increase of the average value can be suppressed on the upstream side of the tank 5, so that the average value of the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas is large. It is also possible to control the stable state within the allowable range of the fuel gas of the gas turbine 2. In this case, the control of simultaneously supplying the heat-reducing gas and the heat-increasing gas may be performed, and the condition of the fuel gas may be The composition of the heat reduction or the heat increase is used to unilaterally suppress the average value of the calorific value of the fuel gas. As long as the gas calorific value control device 35 1293676 of the above-described embodiment is used, it is possible to reliably suppress the fluctuation of the calorific value of the fuel gas in the range of the combustion enthalpy. It can be used effectively and efficiently. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the gas turbine is exemplified as the combustion apparatus, but the combustion apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the gas turbine. These gas calorific value control devices can also be applied to other combustion equipment such as boilers, heating furnaces, incinerators, and the like. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the heat generation i of the fuel gas can be reduced or increased is described. However, the configuration may be such that only heat reduction or heating is performed. Further, it may be a combination of both heat reduction and heat increase. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the controllers are provided separately, but they may be arbitrarily integrated. Further, the fuel gas used includes blast furnace gas (BFG), converter gas '(LDG), coalbed gas contained in the coal seam ("c〇a1mine gas", expressed by "CMG"), and direct reduction ironmaking method. Or the accompanying chlorine produced by the molten iron method, the tail gas produced in the GTL (Gas-to-Liquid) process, and the associated gas from the oil sands (the process of refining the oil) Gas produced by incineration of waste by plasma, methane gas produced by fermentation and decomposition of waste in the landfill (Landfin gas, landfill gas), and chemical reversal of other similar materials The low calorific value gas such as the associated gas generated by the returning gas, etc. Further, the fuel gas is not only a low calorific value gas but also a medium calorific value gas or a high calorific value gas. Of course, as a fuel gas, the gas is used alone. Any combination of at least two kinds of gases, and a gas of 36 1293676 mixed with such a gas can be applied to the present invention. The upper phase 4 is used to explain the basic action of the general-purpose device, the pressure-changing crying, the clothing or the assembly (for example, the valve, the shovel-, the circuit breaker, the slot _~ according to the invention, the gas can be suppressed without It is described in the body heat control device, which is suitable for combustion equipment such as gas furnaces for the combustion of: ..., 胄 k胄'; "machine, boiler, heating furnace, incineration, W仏,,, 疋女疋Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a piping diagram of a gas-heating machine and a gas turbine generating device in the form of a gas-drying machine of the present invention. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the state after the change of the rhythm brigade. The heat control device suppresses the calorific value. Figure 3 shows an outline of the gas turbine that contains the gas heating and enthalpy control device of the embodiment of the Taiyi 本本毛明弟2. In other words, a part of the piping diagram and FIG. 4 show a state in which the calorific value fluctuation is moderated by the milk heat control device of the upper stomach of the stomach. FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the third aspect of the present invention. Embodiment of the gas calorific value Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of a simulation model in the gas calorific value control device according to the third embodiment of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a gas containing the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which the heat generation fluctuation is moderated by the gas calorific value control device of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the fifth aspect of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a simulation model in the gas calorific value control device according to the fifth embodiment of Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic diagram of a gas turbine power generation device according to a fifth embodiment of Fig. 9; A piping diagram of a known gas turbine power plant. Fig. 12 shows the variation of the amount of heat generation in the gas turbine power generating apparatus of Fig. 11. [Main component representative symbol]
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 、 24 、 302 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 , 24 , 30
氣體發熱量控制裝置 燃氣輪機 燃料氣體供給通路 燃料氣體產生裝置 槽 氣體入口 氣體出口 混合器 氣體壓縮機 發電機 控制氣體供給配管 減熱用流量調節閥 減熱氣體供給器 增熱用流量調整閥 增熱氣體供給器 發熱量測定器 輸入路徑 38 1293676Gas calorific value control device gas turbine fuel gas supply passage fuel gas generator tank gas inlet gas outlet mixer gas compressor generator control gas supply piping heat reduction flow control valve heat reduction gas supplier heat increase flow adjustment valve heating gas Feeder calorimeter input path 38 1293676
18 設定值 19 第一控制器 20 ' 26 、 39 輸出路徑 21 分配器 22 流量 23 第二發熱量測定器 25 第二控制器 27 、 33 、 35 、 46 氣體發熱量控制裝置 29 第三發熱量測定器 31 模擬器 32 路徑 37 第二混合器 38 第三控制器（監視控制器） 40 分配器 41 減熱用流量調整閥 42 減熱氣體供給器 43 增熱用流量調整閥 44 增熱氣體供給器 45 第二控制氣體供給配管 S 燃氣輪機發電設備 3918 Set value 19 First controller 20 ' 26 , 39 Output path 21 Distributor 22 Flow rate 23 Second calorimeter 25 Second controller 27 , 33 , 35 , 46 Gas calorific value control device 29 Third calorific value measurement 31 simulator 32 path 37 second mixer 38 third controller (monitor controller) 40 distributor 41 heat reduction flow regulating valve 42 heat reducing gas supplier 43 heat increasing flow regulating valve 44 heating gas supplier 45 second control gas supply pipe S gas turbine power generation equipment 39
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| TW94105008A TWI293676B (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2005-02-21 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI417453B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2013-12-01 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden | Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI417453B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2013-12-01 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden | Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems |
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