1289544 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種水中不分散混凝土，特別添加内 聚力增加劑，可產製坍度為5cm〜27.5cm之水中不分散混 凝土；尤指一種具有良好自充填性能之水中自充填（自密實） 混凝土，其坍流度值400〜750mm並具適當之強度（強度介 於 140〜630 kgf/cm2)。 【先前技術】 一般常用的傳統水中混凝土，無非增加其水泥及粉體 用量與限制其水灰比（應不得大於〇·5)為其設計訴求，即使 採特密管輸送澆置，其品質與效益亦是難以控制；諸如斷 樁、斷壁、包土、包砂、塞管、粒料分離等導致漏水、漏 蛉、強度不足與不均等缺失屢見不鮮，顯示除施工技術 外，水中混凝土之工程性質仍有諸多缺失尚待改進。一種 能在水中不分散之混凝土係由西德所開發，1977年正式開 始使用，日本於1980年後更是把它發揚光大，現今正為 市場上之主流，最主要是以纖維素系衍生化合物作為主成 伤的杬析離劑（Anti-Washout Admixture，AWA)，再搭配高 性能AE輸氣劑所調配而成，其性質已大大改善了傳統水 中混凝土所造成的缺失。此類水中混凝土雖具有自流平之 特性，但它不是十分的盡善盡美，例如初凝時間過長、早 期強度較差、拆模時間延長、流動速度緩慢與價格更是昂 貝等等尤其工作性質與目前已知自充填混凝土（SCC)的 可作業性標準尚有一大段距離。 1289544 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種水中不分散混凝 土，利用適當之粗粒料、細粒料與粉體之配比下，粉體用 量為300-700 kg/m3，更包含有内聚力增加劑，其固體含 量（固成分）用量為粉體用量之〇丨〜5 〇 wt%，並且，當拌和 完成，該水中不分散混凝土之水膠比（W/B)係在〇 2〜丨〇， 聚艎體積係為0.235〜0.619 m3，水粉體積比係為 0.43 8〜3.150。藉此，達到在水中澆置而不分散，且坍度範 圍在5〜27_5cm，在一具體實施之檢測中，其抗壓強度係可 介於140〜630 kgf/cm2,以運用於一般水中結構物工程。 本發明之次一目的係在於提供一種水中自充填（自密 實）混凝土’其粉體用量為30〇〜7〇〇 kg/m3，更包含有固體 含量（固成分）用量為粉體用量O.i^O wt%之内聚力增加 劑以及固體含量（固成分）用量為粉體用量〇1〜3〇 ^%之 減水劑，並且，當拌和完成，該水中自充填（自密實）混凝 土之水膠比（W/B)録0H .〇〇，漿體體積係為〇 25〜〇 6〇 m3’水藉此，不僅具有水中不 分散之功能，其工作性可完全符合自充填混凝土（自密 實）（seif-_pactingc〇ncrete，scc)之規格，可填滿鋼筋間 隙與自充填（自密實）之效果，其抗壓強度係可介於 140〜630 kgf/cm2,以運用於一般水中結構物工程。 本發明之再-目的係在於提供水中不分散混凝土以 及水中自充填(自密實)混凝土 ’其粉體主要成分為水泥更 包含適當比例之卜作風材料(例如，爐石或更高細度之爐 8 ⑤ ^ 1289544 Z、石夕灰、飛灰、稻殼灰、彿石粉等），或是包含不 =質^惰性材料(例如，石灰石粉、轉爐爐絲、氣 破各、橄欖石粉、白雲石粉、輝石粉、角閃石粉、 石粉、斜長石粉、石英粉、正長石粉矽砂粉等) 風材料取代部份水泥用量，並以㈣㈣結性=作 料補充足量之粉體用量。故能在低水泥用量之下達至:水材 不分離與自充填性能，並可以降低混凝土之甘7中 為增加工作性、改善混凝土硬固後之孔隙結構本增= 強度的成長、降低氣離子滲透率及減少海水中之硫盥 硫酸鎂化學侵蝕等。 ^ 本發明之另—目的係在於提供—種水中不分散混凝 土之配比設計流程，在適當之步驟下設計水中不分散混 土。 '' 本發明之另一目的係在於提供一種水中自充填（自密 實）/昆凝土之配比設計流程，在適當之步驟下設計水中自充 φ 填（自密實）混凝土。 本發明之水中不分散混凝土，其配比為：粗粒料 (coarse aggregate)，用量 600〜1200 kg/m3 ;細粒料印以 aggregate)’ 用量 500 〜1100 kg/m3;其細度模數（Fitness Modulus，F.M)係介於 2.0〜3.2;粉體，用量 300〜7〇〇 kg/m3， 其係至少包含有水泥（cement)，更可包含卜作胤材料 (Pozzolans)，例如爐石粉（ground granulated blast-furnace slag，GGBFS)、矽灰（silica fume)、飛灰（fiy ash)、稻殼灰 (rice husk ash)、沸石粉（zeolite powder)等、或是不具膠结 .1289544 性質之惰性材料；拌和水，用亮140〜300 kg/m3 ;以及， 内聚力增加劑（例如：聚丙烯醯胺等），其固體含量（固成分） Γ 用量為為粉體用量之〇1〜5〇㈣；並依需求不同可加入 ‘ 減水劑(液態或粉態），其固體含量(固成分)用*為粉體用 ‘ 量之0·1〜3·〇 wt%，或是選擇性加入，輸氣劑（液態或粉 態）’其固體含量（固成分）用量為粉體用量之〇·1〜2〇 wt/❶，可產製坍度為5cm〜27 5em之水中不分散混凝土。 φ 其中，當拌和完成，該水中不分散混凝土之水膠比（W/B) 係在0·2〜1.0，漿體體積係為〇 235〜〇 619m3，水粉體積比 係為 0.438〜3.150。 另一發明為提供一種水中自充填（自密實）混凝土，其 配比包含：粗粒料（coarse aggregate)，用量6〇〇〜η⑻ kg/m3 ;細粒料（fine aggregate)，用量 MOM 1〇〇 kg/m3，其 細度模數（Fineness Modulus，F.M)係介於2.2〜3.2 ;粉體， 用量300〜700 kg/m3，其係至少包含有水泥（cement);拌和 Φ 水，用量〜300 kg/m3，·内聚力增加劑，其固體含量（固 成分）用量為粉體用量之0.1〜5.0 wt% ;以及，減水劑（可為 液態或粉態）’其固體含量（固、成分）用量為粉體用量之 〇·1〜3.0 wt%。當該自充填混凝土拌和完成，其中當拌和完 成，該水中自充填（自密實）混凝土之水膠比（W/B)係在 0.22〜1.〇〇’漿體體積係為〇·25〜0.60m3，水粉體積比係為 0.50〜2.95 ’抗壓強度140〜630 kgf/cm2，適用於水中結構 物工程。 其中，該内聚力增加劑係可為： 1289544 1·非離子型：聚丙烯醯胺類（Polyacrylamide)，聚氧化乙烯 類（polyoxyalkylene)、多酷類（polysaccharide)等。分子 ’ 鍵上有活性基團，如醚鍵（一〇—）、醯胺基（一 conh2)、 〜 羧基（一OH)等。 • 2.陽離子型：聚丙烯醯胺之陽離子變性物、胺甲基化產物、 聚乙烯亞胺類（polyethylenimine)、聚甲基丙稀酸胺類 (poly methylacrylate amine)、聚乙嫦°比°定鹽（poly vinyl 鲁 pyridine)、聚乙嫦基 口米嗤（poly vinylimidazole)、二鹵鍵 烴與多胺縮合物等。分子鍵上含胺基（一 NH2)與季胺鹽基 等。 3·陰離子型：部分水解之聚丙烯醯胺類、聚丙烯酸鈉類 (poly sodium acrylate)、聚丙烯磺酸鈉類、聚曱基丙烯酸 鈉（poly sodium methylacrylate)、薄朊酸鈉等，分子鍵上 含叛基（—COOH)及績酸基（—SO3H)。 4.纖維素類（cellulose derivatives):經乙基纖維素 φ (Hydroxyethyl Cellulose，HEC)、羥丙基纖維素 (Hydroxypropyl Cellulose，HPC)、羥丙基甲基纖維素 (Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose，HPMC)、甲基纖維素 (Methyl Cellulose’ MC)、叛基甲基纖維素（Carboxymethyl Cellulose，CMC) 0 【實施方式】 請參閱所附圖式，本發明將列舉以下之實施例說明： 本發明係提供一種水中不分散混凝土以及一種水中 自充填（自密實）混凝土，均具有水中不分散之功能，由 11 ⑤ 1289544 於其配比用量中粒徑的分類相當重要，故以粒徑大小主要 區別為粗粒料、細粒料、粉體，且更包含有内聚力增加劑。 •’ 粗粒料（coarse aggregate)係為最大粒徑不大於25mm 之碎石（crushed stone)或卵石（pebble)，粗粒料之單位容積 (G/Gnm)範圍係依充填等級加以區分，實際上，粗粒料之 用量（Gssd)係在600〜1200 kg/m3之間。 細粒料（fine aggregate)，其粒徑小於粗粒料，其細度 • 模數（Fineness Modulus，F.M)宜介於2·2〜3.2。由於細粒料 之含水量遠較粗粒料更不穩定，為了配比品質之穩定，而 細粒料之體積用量（Vsand)係可由該自充填混凝土之體積減 去漿體體積（Vpaste)、粗粒料之體積用量（Vg)及含氣量（a) 而求得，再乘以細粒料之比重，即為細粒料之用量，即 Vsand=：l - Vpaste-Vg-A ; S(粗粒料用量）=VsandXysand， 其中Ysand表細粒料之比重，約2700 kg/rn3。依本發明，細 粒料之用量（S)係在500〜11 〇〇 kg/m3之間，較佳為6〇〇〜85〇 • kg/m3。拌和水用量（W)係可由漿體體積（Vpaste)與水粉體積 比（vw/vpowder)求得，即 w = Vpaste+(1 + (V_〜/Vw))x 1000 ’通常拌和水量係140〜300 kg/m3。 粉體（powder·)，其粒徑更小於細粒料，至少包含有水 泥（cement)，另可更包含卜作歲材料（p〇zz〇ians)等膠結料 或是不具膠結性質之惰性材料。通常膠結料係指水泥與卜 作嵐材料（Pozzolans)等具有膠結功能之粉體，通常水膠比 愈低表示膠結物之需求用量愈大，其強度亦隨之昇高。該 卜作嵐材料係能取代部份之水泥，能降低水泥之用量而具 12 ‘1289544 有較低成本與良好流動性（水泥係為自充填混凝土中較昂 貴之原料）。該卜作嵐材料係可包含有爐石粉（gr〇und granulated blast-furnace slag，GGBFS)、高細度爐石粉 〔High fineness slag(Blaine > 6000cm2/g)〕、梦灰（silica fume)、飛灰（fly ash)、稻殼灰（rice husk ash)、沸石粉（ze〇iite powder)之其中之一或上述之組合。其中，爐石粉係煉鋼高 爐之爐渣，包含CaO、Si02、Al2〇3、Fe203等成份，亦具 % 有卜作嵐性質。水泥與卜作嵐材料等膠結物之用量（B)係可 由水用量（W)除以水膠比（W/B)得到，即w—(W/B)，並 可得到Vbind(膠結物之體積）=c(水泥用量水泥比 重，約3l5〇kg/m3) + SL(爐石用量）/Ysi(爐石比重，約 2940kg/m3)+SF(矽灰用量）/Ysf(矽灰比重，約 225〇kg/m3)。 而粉體不足量之部分係可由該不具膠結性質之惰性材料 補充之，該不具膠結性質之惰性材料係選自石灰石粉、轉 爐爐碴粉、氣冷高爐爐碴粉、撖欖石粉、白雲石粉、輝石 春粉、角閃石粉、方解石粉、斜長石粉、石英粉、正長石粉、 矽砂粉之其中之一或上述之組合。通常該卜作嵐材料與該 不具膠結性質之惰性材料之組合用量係應介於該總粉體 用量之90 wt%以下。依本發明，該粉體之用量係為3〇〇〜7〇〇 kg/m3，較佳為 400〜550 kg/m3。 内聚力增加劑（ViScosity_Enhancing Admixtures， VEA)，例如壓克力系之聚丙烯醯胺類 PAA)作為可使用於水中自充填（自密實）混凝土之内聚力 增加劑’其組成包含丙烯酿胺及其衍生物的均聚物 13 d 1289544 (homopolymer)和共聚物（copolymer)。其主要有水溶性膠 體、粉狀固體、乳劑（乳化劑）等三種型態，每一型態可能 為陽離子型，或陰離子型，或非離子型。 或者，該内聚力增加劑係選自於聚氧化乙稀類 (polyoxyalkylene)、多醣類（polysaccharide)、胺曱基化產 物類、聚乙浠亞胺類（polyethylenimine)、聚甲基丙浠酸胺 類（poly methylacrylate amine) ' 聚乙烯基咪唑類（p〇ly vinylimidazole)、二鹵鍵烴與多胺縮合物、聚乙烯吡啶鹽 類（poly vinyl pyridine)、纖維素類（cellulose derivatives )、 聚丙稀酸納類（poly sodium acrylate)、聚丙烯確酸納類 (poly propylene sodium sulfonate)、聚甲基丙烯酸納（p〇iy sodium methylacrylate)、薄朊酸納類之其中之一。内聚力 增加劑之主要的功能可凝取水泥及粉體顆粒，當混凝土於 水中澆置時，達到不分離效果。在本發明中，該内聚力增 加劑之固體含量（固成分）用量應為粉體用量之0β1〜5〇 Wt% 〇 本發明之水中不分散混凝土另可依需求地選擇性包 含減水劑或是輸氣劑（AE)，其中減水劑係用以分散水泥顆 粒’達到潤滑效果，在較低用水量狀況下產生高流動性。 在本發明中，該強塑劑係為液態或粉態，其固體含量（固成 分）用量應為粉體用量之0.05〜3.0wt0/〇。 輸氣劑（AE)又稱為界面活性劑，最主要為增加混凝土 之工作性、提供足夠之抗;東能力及增加抗酸驗性，在本發 明中’該輸氣劑（液態或粉態）之固體含量（固成分）用量可 1289544 •1 〜2·〇 wt0/〇。 水中不分散崎土，其中當拌和完成，水 〇,2〜1,0，漿體體積係為0.235〜0.619 m3， 0.438〜3.150 〇1289544 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a non-dispersible concrete in water, in particular to a cohesive force increasing agent, which can produce non-dispersible concrete in water having a twist of 5 cm to 27.5 cm; Self-filling (self-compacting) concrete with good self-filling properties, with a turbulent flow value of 400~750mm and suitable strength (strength between 140~630 kgf/cm2). [Prior Art] The commonly used traditional underwater concrete has nothing to increase the amount of cement and powder and limit its water-cement ratio (should not be greater than 〇·5), even if the special pipe is transported, its quality and Benefits are also difficult to control; such as broken piles, broken walls, inclusions, sand, plug pipes, separation of pellets, etc., resulting in water leakage, leakage, insufficient strength and inequality are often seen, showing the construction of underwater concrete in addition to construction technology There are still many defects in the nature that need to be improved. A concrete that can be dispersed in water is developed by West Germany. It was officially used in 1977. Japan has been promoted since 1980. It is now the mainstream in the market, mainly based on cellulose-derived compounds. The main anti-Washout Admixture (AWA), combined with a high-performance AE gas carrier, has greatly improved the lack of traditional water concrete. Although the concrete in this kind of water has the characteristics of self-leveling, it is not very perfect, such as the initial setting time is too long, the early strength is poor, the demoulding time is prolonged, the flow speed is slow, and the price is even more expensive. There is a long way to go before the workability standards for self-filling concrete (SCC) are known. 1289544 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a non-dispersible concrete in water, which is composed of a suitable amount of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and powder, and the amount of the powder is 300-700 kg/m3, and more The cohesive force increasing agent has a solid content (solid content) of 〇丨~5 〇wt% of the powder amount, and when the mixing is completed, the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of the non-dispersible concrete in the water is 〇2~丨〇, the volume of the polyfluorene is 0.235~0.619 m3, and the volume ratio of the water powder is 0.43 8~3.150. Thereby, it can be placed in water without dispersing, and the twist range is 5~27_5cm. In a specific implementation test, the compressive strength can be between 140~630 kgf/cm2 for use in general water structure. Engineering. The second object of the present invention is to provide a self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water with a powder dosage of 30 〇 7 7 kg/m 3 , and a solid content (solid content) for the powder amount Oi ^ O wt% of the cohesive force increasing agent and the solid content (solid content) is the amount of the powder 〇 1~3 〇 ^% of the water reducing agent, and, when the mixing is completed, the water self-filling (self-compacting) concrete water-to-binder ratio ( W/B) recorded 0H.〇〇, the volume of the slurry is 〇25~〇6〇m3' water, which not only has the function of non-dispersion in water, but its workability can be completely consistent with self-filling concrete (self-compacting) (seif The specifications of -_pactingc〇ncrete, scc) can fill the gap between the steel bars and the self-filling (self-compacting). The compressive strength can be between 140~630 kgf/cm2 for general structural engineering in water. A further object of the present invention is to provide non-dispersible concrete in water and self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water. The main component of the powder is cement and a suitable proportion of the material (for example, hearth or higher fineness furnace) 8 5 ^ 1289544 Z, Shi Xi ash, fly ash, rice husk ash, Buddha stone powder, etc.), or contain non-quality ^ inert materials (for example, limestone powder, converter furnace wire, gas broken, olivine powder, dolomite powder , pyroxene powder, hornblende powder, stone powder, plagioclastic powder, quartz powder, feldspar powder, sand powder, etc.) The wind material replaces the amount of cement, and (4) (four) knot = material to supplement the amount of powder. Therefore, it can be achieved under the low cement dosage: the water material is not separated and the self-filling performance, and the concrete can be reduced to increase the workability, improve the pore structure of the concrete after hardening, increase the strength, reduce the gas ion Permeability and reduction of chemical attack of sulfur, magnesium sulfate in seawater. Another object of the present invention is to provide a ratio design process for non-dispersible concrete in water, and to design non-dispersive soil in water under appropriate steps. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a ratio design process for self-filling (self-compacting)/kun concrete in water, and designing self-filling φ filled (self-compacting) concrete in water under appropriate steps. The non-dispersible concrete in the water of the invention has the following ratio: coarse aggregate (coarse aggregate), dosage 600~1200 kg/m3; fine granular material printed with aggregate)' dosage 500~1100 kg/m3; fineness modulus (Fitness Modulus, FM) is between 2.0 and 3.2; powder, dosage 300~7〇〇kg/m3, which contains at least cement, and can also contain Pozzolans, such as hearth powder (ground Granulated blast-furnace slag, GGBFS), silica fume, fiy ash, rice husk ash, zeolite powder, etc., or non-cemented. Material; mixing water, with bright 140~300 kg/m3; and, cohesive force increasing agent (for example: polypropylene decylamine, etc.), its solid content (solid content) 用量 is used as the amount of powder 〇 1~5 〇 (4) And depending on the demand, you can add 'water reducing agent (liquid or powder), the solid content (solid content) is * for the powder with the amount of 0·1~3·〇wt%, or selectively added, lose Air agent (liquid or powder) 'the solid content (solid content) is the amount of powder used · 1 ~2〇 wt/❶, can produce non-dispersive concrete in water with a degree of 5cm~27 5em. φ Among them, when the mixing is completed, the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of the non-dispersible concrete in the water is 0·2~1.0, the volume of the slurry is 〇235~〇619m3, and the volume ratio of the water powder is 0.438~3.150. Another invention provides a self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water, the ratio of which comprises: coarse aggregate, amount 6 〇〇 η η (8) kg / m 3 ; fine aggregate (fine aggregate), the amount of MOM 1 〇 〇kg/m3, its Fineness Modulus (FM) system is between 2.2~3.2; powder, dosage is 300~700 kg/m3, which contains at least cement; mixing Φ water, dosage ~ 300 kg/m3, · cohesive force increasing agent, the solid content (solid content) is 0.1~5.0 wt% of the powder; and the water reducing agent (which can be liquid or powder)' solid content (solid, component) The amount is 〇·1 to 3.0 wt% of the powder amount. When the self-filling concrete is mixed, wherein when the mixing is completed, the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water is 0.22~1. The volume of the slurry is 〇·25~0.60 M3, the volume ratio of water powder is 0.50~2.95' compressive strength 140~630 kgf/cm2, suitable for structural engineering in water. Wherein, the cohesive force increasing agent can be: 1289544 1. Nonionic type: Polyacrylamide, polyoxyalkylene, polysaccharide, and the like. The molecule ' has a reactive group such as an ether bond (an oxime), a guanamine group (a conh2), a carboxy group (an OH group) and the like. • 2. Cationic: cationic denier of polyacrylamide, amine methylation product, polyethylenimine, polymethylacrylate amine, polyethyl acrylate ratio Polyvinyl pyridine, poly vinylimidazole, dihalogenated hydrocarbons and polyamine condensates. The molecular bond contains an amine group (a NH2) and a quaternary ammonium salt group. 3. Anionic type: partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, poly sodium acrylate, sodium polysulfonate, poly sodium methylacrylate, sodium citrate, etc., molecular bond It contains a base (-COOH) and a base of acid (-SO3H). 4. Cellulose derivatives: Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC), Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC), Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose (HPMC), A Methyl Cellulose' MC, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) 0 [Embodiment] Referring to the drawings, the present invention will be described by way of the following examples: Non-dispersive concrete and self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water have the function of non-dispersion in water. The classification of particle size in 11 5 1289544 is quite important in the proportion of the mixture. Therefore, the main difference is the coarse particle size. , fine particles, powder, and more contain a cohesive force increase agent. • 'Coarse aggregates are crushed stones or pebbles with a maximum particle size of not more than 25 mm. The unit volume (G/Gnm) range of coarse aggregates is differentiated according to the filling level. Actual The amount of coarse aggregates (Gssd) is between 600 and 1200 kg/m3. Fine aggregate, which has a smaller particle size than coarse aggregates, and its fineness (Fineness Modulus, F.M) should be between 2. 2 and 3.2. Since the water content of the fine-grained material is far more unstable than that of the coarse-grained material, the volume of the fine-grained material (Vsand) can be subtracted from the volume of the self-filling concrete by the volume of the self-filling concrete (Vpaste), The volume fraction (Vg) of the coarse aggregate and the gas content (a) are obtained, and multiplied by the specific gravity of the fine pellet, that is, the amount of the fine pellet, that is, Vsand=:l - Vpaste-Vg-A; S( The amount of coarse aggregates is = VsandXysand, where the specific gravity of the Ysand fine particles is about 2700 kg/rn3. According to the invention, the amount (S) of the fine granules is between 500 and 11 〇〇 kg/m3, preferably 6 〇〇 to 85 〇 • kg/m3. The amount of mixing water (W) can be obtained from the volume ratio of the slurry (Vpaste) to the volume ratio of the water powder (vw/vpowder), that is, w = Vpaste+(1 + (V_~/Vw)) x 1000 'normally mixed water quantity 140~300 Kg/m3. Powder (powder·), which has a particle size smaller than fine particles, contains at least cement, and may further contain a binder such as p〇zz〇ians or an inert material without cementation properties. . Usually, cement refers to a cement with a cementation function such as cement and Pozzolans. Generally, the lower the water-to-binder ratio, the greater the demand for the cement and the higher the strength. The material used to replace some of the cement can reduce the amount of cement and has a lower cost and good fluidity (cement is the more expensive raw material in self-filling concrete). The material can include granitic powder (gr〇und granulated blast-furnace slag, GGBFS), high fineness slag (Blaine > 6000cm2/g), silk fume, fly ash One of or a combination of (fly ash), rice husk ash, ze〇iite powder. Among them, the slag of the blast furnace powder steelmaking blast furnace contains CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 〇 3, Fe 203 and the like, and also has a certain effect. The amount of cement (B) used for cement and concrete materials can be obtained by dividing the water amount (W) by the water-to-binder ratio (W/B), that is, w-(W/B), and Vbind (the volume of the cement) can be obtained. =c (cement weight cement weight, about 3l5〇kg/m3) + SL (hearthstone dosage) / Ysi (heart stone specific gravity, about 2940kg/m3) + SF (ash ash dosage) / Ysf (ash ash specific gravity, about 225 〇kg/m3). The portion of the powder deficiency may be supplemented by the inert material having no cementation property, and the inert material having no cementation property is selected from the group consisting of limestone powder, converter hearth powder, air-cooled blast furnace hearth powder, eucalyptus powder, and dolomite powder. One of or a combination of pyroxene powder, hornblende powder, calcite powder, plagioclase powder, quartz powder, feldspar powder, strontium sand powder. Usually, the combination of the material and the inert material which is not cemented should be less than 90% by weight of the total powder. According to the invention, the powder is used in an amount of from 3 Torr to 7 〇〇 kg/m 3 , preferably from 400 to 550 kg/m 3 . CoScosity_Enhancing Admixtures (VEA), such as acrylic polyamine phthalamide (PAA), as a cohesive enhancer for self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water' composition comprising acrylamide and its derivatives Homopolymer 13 d 1289544 (homopolymer) and copolymer (copolymer). It mainly has three types of water-soluble colloids, powdery solids, and emulsions (emulsifiers), and each type may be cationic, anionic, or nonionic. Alternatively, the cohesive force increasing agent is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylenes, polysaccharides, amine oximation products, polyethylenimines, polymethyl methacrylates. Polymethylacrylate amine 'p〇ly vinylimidazole, dihalogenated hydrocarbon and polyamine condensate, poly vinyl pyridine, cellulose derivatives, polypropylene One of poly sodium acrylate, poly propylene sodium sulfonate, p〇iy sodium methylacrylate, and sodium citrate. Cohesive force The main function of the increase agent is to condense cement and powder particles. When concrete is poured in water, it does not separate. In the present invention, the solid content (solid content) of the cohesive force increasing agent should be 0β1~5〇Wt% of the powder amount. The non-dispersible concrete in the water of the present invention may optionally contain a water reducing agent or a loss according to requirements. Airing agent (AE), in which the water reducing agent is used to disperse the cement particles to achieve a lubricating effect and to generate high fluidity under conditions of low water consumption. In the present invention, the fermenting agent is in a liquid or powder state, and the solid content (solid component) thereof is used in an amount of 0.05 to 3.0 wt% per ounce of the powder. The gas carrier (AE), also known as surfactant, is mainly used to increase the workability of concrete, provide sufficient resistance, and has the ability to increase acid resistance. In the present invention, the gas carrier (liquid or powder) The solid content (solid content) can be 1,128,454 •1 〜2·〇wt0/〇. The water does not disperse the shovel, and when the mixing is completed, the leeches, 2~1,0, the volume of the slurry is 0.235~0.619 m3, 0.438~3.150 〇
/、配比程係如第i圖所示，其步驟流程依序為 決定粗粒料用量」卜「決定細粒料用量」2、「決定拌和 水量與粉體用量」3、「決定各膠結材料用量」4及「決定 添加劑用量」5，並以第一具體實施例說明： 在第-具體實施例中，一水中不分散混凝土之28天 目標㈣強度係、280kgf/cm2’取得之粗粒料之乾搗單位重 (Glim)為 1470kg/m3、吸水率（Ww/W)* i 〇7%，取得之細粒 料之細度模數（F.M·)為2.8、吸水率（Ww/w# 17%，該水 中不分散混凝土之漿體體積（Vpaste)為〇·367ηι3，水粉體積/, the ratio is shown in Figure i, the step sequence is to determine the amount of coarse material in the order of "determine the amount of fines" 2, "determine the amount of water and powder" 3, "determine each cementation Material dosage "4" and "determination of additive dosage" 5, and illustrated by the first specific embodiment: In the specific embodiment, the 28-day target (four) strength system of undeployed concrete in water and the coarse grain obtained by 280 kgf/cm2' The dry weight per unit weight (Glim) is 1470 kg/m3, the water absorption rate (Ww/W)* i 〇7%, and the fineness modulus (FM·) of the obtained fine granules is 2.8, and the water absorption rate (Ww/w) # 17%, the volume of the non-dispersive concrete in the water (Vpaste) is 〇·367ηι3, the volume of the water powder
為粉體用量之〇 依本發明之 膠比（W/B)係在 水粉體積比係為 比（Vw/Vpowder)為1 ·5，首先，在「決定粗粒料用量」i之 步驟中，粗粒料之最大粒徑（Dmax) 2.5cm，假設粗粒料之 單位谷積（G/Giim)為0.65，粗粒料爐乾狀態之用量（⑴為 (G/Giim)xGiim= 0.65x1470= 956 kg/m3，粗粒料用量（Gssd) =Gx〔 l+(Ww/W)〕= 956x(l + 1.07%)= 966 kg/m3,粗粒料 體積（Vg)為=G+Yd = 956+2600=0.368 m3 ;之後，在「決 定細粒料用量」2之步驟中，若含氣量（A)設為5%，細粒 料體積（Vsand) = 1 — 0.05 — 0·367 — 0.368 = 0.215m3，細粒料 用量（Vsand)= 0.215x2700= 580 kg/m3 ;然後執行「決定拌 和水量與粉體用量」之步驟3，拌和水量（W) = 0.367 / (1 + 1/1.5) χΙΟΟΟ = 220 kg/m3，粉體用量（vpowder)= 15 1589544 220/1·5/1000= 0· 1467 m3 ;之後，依「決定膠結物用量」 之步驟4’若該工程之目標強度為28〇 kgf/cm2，則對應之 水膠比（W/B)應為〇·489，膠結物之總量（β)=22(Η〇·489 = 450 kg/m3，依水泥··爐石粉之2 ·· i比例換算，水泥用量 係為300 kg/m ’爐石粉用量係為15〇 kg/m3 ;粗粒料用量 956 kg/m3、細粒料用量58〇 kg/m3。另，在本實施例中， 減水劑可依廠牌不同，其固體含量（固成分）用量約為粉 _ 體用量之0.7 wt%(3.15 kg/m3),内聚力增加劑（pAA)，其 固體含量（固成分）用量為粉體用量之〇.5 wt%(225 kg/m3)，輸氣劑（AE)，其固體含量（固成分）用量為粉體用 量之0.08%(0.36kg/m3)。此配比經試拌其坍度係為18cm ; 28天抗壓強度係為325 kgf/cm2，91天抗壓強度係為408 kgf/cm2;而普通（空氣中）洗置經試驗所得28天抗壓強度 係為340 kgf/cm2，91天抗壓強度係為442 kgf/cm2，其水 中除空氣中強度比值分別為〇·95與0.92。 • 另一項發明為水中自充填（自密實）混凝土，係具有水 中自充填之功能，其配比用量中粒徑的分類相當重要，故 以粒徑大小主要區別為粗粒料、細粒料、粉體。依據本發 明之水中自充填（自密實）混凝土，其中水膠比係指拌和水 與膠結料（binder)之重量比例，膠結料係包含水泥與卜作 嵐材料（Pozzolans)等具有膠結功能之粉體，通常水膠比愈 低表示膠結物之需求用量愈大，其強度亦隨之昇高，聚體 體積（Vpaste)係為水體積與粉體體積之總合，為確保良好之 坍流度值（400〜750 mm)，而水粉體積比（Vw /Vp()wder)係指水 (s： 16 Π89544 體積與粉體體積之比例，用以控制漿體之變形與粒料懸浮 能力。 粗粒料（coarse aggregate)係為最大粒徑不大於25mm 之碎石（crushed stone)或卵石（pebble)，依鋼筋之淨間距不 同而選用粗粒料，粗粒料之粒徑應小於單向鋼筋之淨間距 的〔2/(2+/ 3)〕倍或是小於雙向鋼筋的〔2/(2+2/" 2)〕 倍，例如，當粗粒料之最大粒徑為20mm時，單向鋼筋之 淨間距不得小於37mm，雙向鋼筋之淨間距不得小於 48mm ’否則粗粒料將會堵塞於鋼筋前而形成拱狀，即架 橋現象，而粗粒料之單位容積（G/GHm)範圍係依充填等級 加以區分，實際上，粗粒料之用量（Gssd)係在600〜11〇〇 kg/m3之間，較佳為7〇〇〜850 kg/m3。 依本發明之水中自充填（自密實）混凝土，其中當拌和 完成’該水中自充填（自密實）混凝土之水膠比（W/B)係在 〇·22〜1·〇，漿體體積係為〇 25〜〇 6〇m3，水粉體積比係為 2 · 9 5 ’其配比设计流程係如第1圖所示，其步驟流程 依序為「決定粗粒料用量」1、「決定細粒料用量」2、「決 定拌和水量與粉體用量」3、「決定各膠結材料用量」4及 「決定添加劑用量」5，並以第二具體實施例說明： 在第二具體實施例中，水中自充填（自密實）混凝土係 應用水中結構工程，其28天抗壓強度係需要21〇kgf/cm2， 取得之粗粒料之乾搗單位重（Gnm)4 147〇kg/m3、吸水率 (臀％/玫）為1〇7%，取得之細粒料之細度模數（f m )為a』、 吸水率〇\^/霤）為1β7%，該自充填混凝土之漿體體積（v_j 17 1289544 為0.45m ’水粉體積比（Vw/Vp〇Wder)為1·7〇，首先，在「決 定粗粒料用量」1之步驟中，粗粒料之最大粒徑（Dmax)=4x 〔2/(2 + /3)〕=2.14cm，取粗粒料最大粒徑為2.54cm，若 要求的充填等級為R2 ’假設粗粒料之單位容積（G/(}lim)為 0.50 ’粗粒料爐乾狀態之用量（g)為（G/Glim)xGiim二 〇·5〇χ1470 = 739 kg/m3 ，粗粒料用量（Gssd) = Gx 〔l+(Ww/W)〕= 739χ(1 + 1·07%)= 747 kg/m3，粗粒料體積 春 （Vg)為=G+yssd= 73 9+2600= 0.284 m3 ;之後，在「決定細 粒料用量」2之步驟中，若含氣量（A)設為5%，細粒料體 積（Vsand) — 1 — 0·05 — 0.45 — 0.284 = 〇.216m3，細粒料用量 (Vsand)= 〇·216χ2700= 583 kg/m3 ;然後執行「決定拌和水 量與粉體用量」之步驟3,拌和水量（W)= 0.45 /(1 + 1/1 xl000 = 283 kg/m3,粉體用量（Vp〇wder)= 283/1 7〇/1〇〇〇==； 0.166m3 ;之後，依「決定各膠結材料用量」之步驟4，水 膠比（W/B)為 0.566’ 膠結物之總量（b )=283 + 0.566=500 φ kg/m3 ’水泥：爐石粉比例為60 : 40，水泥用量係為3〇〇 kg/m3 ’爐石粉用量係為200 kg/m3，該水中自充填（自密實） 混凝土之配比係為择和水量280 kg/m3、水泥用量300 kg/m3、爐石粉用量200 kg/m3(此時卜作嵐材料為總粉體量 之4(^作〇)、粗粒料用量747 1^/1113、細粒料用量5831^/1113, 而減水劑依廠牌不同，其固體含量（固成分）用量為粉體用 量之1·3%(6·5 kg/m3)，内聚力增加劑（PAA)，其固體含量（固 成分）用量約為粉體用量之〇·5%(2·5 kg/m3)，輸氣劑（AE) 之固體含量（固成分）用量約為粉體用量之〇〇8〇/〇(〇4 18 1289544 kg/m3)。因此，在決定各原料之用量後，將粗粒料、細粒 料與包含水泥與卜作嵐材料之粉體等固體原料計量好，將 上述固體原料、大部分拌和水（約三分之二之拌和水）與輸 氣劑投入拌和機内攪拌，進行攪拌3〇秒，將由剩餘2拌 和水與減水劑形成之混合溶液投入進行攪拌約丨〇秒，最 後將内聚力增加劑投入進行授拌。The powder ratio (W/B) according to the present invention is a ratio of the powder to powder volume ratio (Vw/Vpowder) of 1. 5, first, in the step of "determining the amount of coarse aggregate" i, The maximum particle size (Dmax) of the coarse aggregate is 2.5 cm, assuming that the unit grain yield (G/Giim) of the coarse aggregate is 0.65, and the amount of the coarse pellet furnace is dry ((1) is (G/Giim) x Giim = 0.65 x 1470 = 956 kg/m3, coarse aggregate dosage (Gssd) = Gx [ l + (Ww / W)] = 956x (l + 1.07%) = 966 kg / m3, coarse pellet volume (Vg) = G + Yd = 956 +2600=0.368 m3 ; After that, in the step of "determining the amount of fine granules" 2, if the gas content (A) is set to 5%, the fine granule volume (Vsand) = 1 - 0.05 - 0·367 - 0.368 = 0.215m3, the amount of fine granules (Vsand) = 0.215x2700 = 580 kg/m3; then proceed to step 3 of "Determining the amount of mixed water and powder", mixing water (W) = 0.367 / (1 + 1/1.5) χΙΟΟΟ = 220 kg/m3, powder consumption (vpowder) = 15 1589544 220/1·5/1000 = 0·1467 m3; after that, according to step 4 of “Determining the amount of cement”, if the target strength of the project is 28〇 Kgf/cm2, the corresponding water-to-binder ratio (W/B) should be 〇·489 The total amount of cement (β) = 22 (Η〇 · 489 = 450 kg / m3, according to the ratio of cement · · calculus powder 2 · · i ratio, the amount of cement is 300 kg / m 'Cladding amount is 15 〇kg/m3; the amount of coarse granules is 956 kg/m3, and the amount of fine granules is 58 〇kg/m3. In addition, in this embodiment, the water reducing agent can be different according to the brand, and the solid content (solid content) is about Powder _ body dosage of 0.7 wt% (3.15 kg / m3), cohesive force increase agent (pAA), its solid content (solid content) is the amount of powder used 5. 5 wt% (225 kg / m3), gas carrier (AE), the solid content (solid content) is 0.08% (0.36kg/m3) of the powder. The ratio of the mixture is 18cm; the 28-day compressive strength is 325kgf/cm2. The 91-day compressive strength is 408 kgf/cm2; while the normal (in-air) wash has a 28-day compressive strength of 340 kgf/cm2 and a 91-day compressive strength of 442 kgf/cm2. In addition to the air intensity ratios are 〇·95 and 0.92. • Another invention is self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water, which has the function of self-filling in water. The classification of particle size in the proportion is very important. Therefore, the particle size is mainly distinguished by coarse particles, fine particles, and powder. According to the present invention, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water, wherein the water-to-binder ratio refers to the weight ratio of the mixing water to the binder, and the cementing material comprises a cementing function powder such as cement and Pozzolans. Generally, the lower the water-to-binder ratio, the higher the demand for the cement, and the higher the strength. The volume of the polymer is the sum of the water volume and the volume of the powder, in order to ensure a good turbulence value ( 400~750 mm), and the volume ratio of water powder (Vw /Vp()wder) refers to the ratio of water (s: 16 Π 89544 volume to powder volume) to control the deformation of the slurry and the ability of the pellet to suspend. (coarse aggregate) is crushed stone or pebble with a maximum particle size of not more than 25mm. The coarse grain is selected according to the different spacing of the steel bars. The particle size of the coarse grain should be less than the net of the unidirectional steel. [2/(2+/ 3)] times the pitch is less than [2/(2+2/" 2)] times of the bidirectional steel bar, for example, when the maximum particle size of the coarse grain is 20 mm, one-way The net spacing of steel bars shall not be less than 37mm, and the net spacing of two-way steel bars shall not be less than 48mm. The coarse aggregates will be blocked in front of the steel bars and form an arch shape, that is, the bridging phenomenon, and the unit volume (G/GHm) range of the coarse aggregates is distinguished according to the filling grade. In fact, the amount of coarse aggregates (Gssd) is Between 600 and 11 〇〇 kg/m3, preferably 7 〇〇 to 850 kg/m3. According to the invention, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water, wherein when the mixing is completed, the water is self-filling (self-compacting) The water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of concrete is 〇·22~1·〇, the volume of the slurry is 〇25~〇6〇m3, and the volume ratio of gouache is 2 · 9 5 '. As shown in Figure 1, the flow of the steps is "Determining the amount of coarse aggregates", "Determining the amount of fines", "Determining the amount of mixed water and the amount of powder" 3. "Determining the amount of each cementing material" 4 "Determining the amount of additive" 5 and explaining it in the second embodiment: In the second embodiment, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water is applied to structural engineering in water, and the 28-day compressive strength system requires 21 〇kgf/ Cm2, the dry weight of the obtained coarse granules (Gnm) 4 147 〇kg/m3, water absorption (hip%/ ) is 1〇7%, the fineness modulus (fm) of the fine granules obtained is a 』, the water absorption rate 〇\^/ slip) is 1β7%, and the volume of the self-filling concrete slurry (v_j 17 1289544 is 0.45) The m 'water powder volume ratio (Vw/Vp〇Wder) is 1.7 〇. First, in the step of "determining the amount of coarse granules" 1, the maximum particle size of the coarse granules (Dmax) = 4x [2/(2) + /3)]=2.14cm, the maximum particle size of the coarse aggregate is 2.54cm, if the required filling grade is R2 'Assume that the unit volume of the coarse aggregate (G/(}lim) is 0.50 'coarse grain furnace dry The amount of state (g) is (G/Glim)xGiim 〇·5〇χ1470 = 739 kg/m3, the amount of coarse granules (Gssd) = Gx 〔l+(Ww/W)]= 739χ(1 + 1·07 %) = 747 kg/m3, coarse grain volume spring (Vg) = G + yssd = 73 9 + 2600 = 0.284 m3; then, in the step of "determining the amount of fine granules" 2, if gas content (A Set to 5%, fine pellet volume (Vsand) — 1 — 0·05 — 0.45 — 0.284 = 〇.216m3, fine pellets (Vsand) = 〇·216χ2700 = 583 kg/m3; then perform “Determining Mixing” Step 3 of water quantity and powder dosage, mixing water quantity (W) = 0.45 / (1 + 1/1 xl000 = 283 kg/m3, Powder dosage (Vp〇wder) = 283/1 7〇/1〇〇〇==; 0.166m3; afterwards, according to step 4 of “Determining the amount of each cementing material”, the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) is 0.566' The total amount of cement (b)=283 + 0.566=500 φ kg/m3 'Cement: The ratio of hearthstone is 60:40, the amount of cement is 3〇〇kg/m3' The amount of hearthstone is 200 kg/m3. The proportion of the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water is 280 kg/m3 of the selected water, 300 kg/m3 of the cement, and 200 kg/m3 of the whey powder. (At this time, the material is the total powder volume of 4 (^ 〇), the amount of coarse 747 1 ^ / 1113, the amount of fine granules 5831 ^ / 1113, and the water reducing agent according to the different brands, the solid content (solid content) is 1.3% of the amount of powder (6 · 5 kg/m3), cohesive strength increasing agent (PAA), the solid content (solid content) is about 5% (2.5 kg/m3) of the powder, and the solid content of the gas carrier (AE) The amount of (solid component) is about 〇8〇/〇 (〇4 18 1289544 kg/m3). Therefore, after determining the amount of each raw material, the coarse raw material, the fine granular material and the solid raw material including the cement and the powder of the raw material are measured, and the solid raw material and most of the mixed water (about two-thirds of the mixture are mixed). The water is mixed with the gas carrier into the mixer, stirred for 3 seconds, and the mixed solution of the remaining 2 mixing water and the water reducing agent is put into the mixture for stirring for about one second, and finally the cohesive force increasing agent is put into the mixing.
當調配成一水中自充填（自密實）混凝土時，進行坍度 試驗（Slump test)、坍流度試驗（slump fl〇w &叫、v形漏 斗流速試驗、鋼筋間隙通過試驗及L型流度試驗。将流度 試驗係用以測試混凝土之流動性以達到所需要之^ ⑽m以上）及姆流度值（4〇〇〜75〇随，直徑擴散達 需時間為3〜25秒），㈣度試驗器具係如第2圖所示，先 將水中自充填（自密實）混凝土填滿於一在平板12上之圓 錐筒U’該圓錐筒U具有一較小之開口，其直徑1〇請，When blended into a self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water, perform Slump test, turbulence test (slump fl〇w & call, v-shaped funnel flow test, steel gap pass test and L-type fluidity) Test. The fluidity test is used to test the fluidity of the concrete to achieve the required ^ (10) m or more and the m fluidity value (4 〇〇 ~ 75 〇, the diameter diffusion time is 3 to 25 seconds), (4) The test apparatus is as shown in Fig. 2, first filling the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water into a cone U' on the flat plate 12. The cone U has a small opening, the diameter of which is 1 〇 ,
及一較大之開口，其直徑為2Gem，且其筒高為，在 填充後將圓_ U向上垂直提起，此時，自充填混凝土 係在平板12上產生擴散’量測當水中自充填（自密實）混凝 土擴散達直徑5Gem時所需之時間，以及在停止擴散後量 測自充填（自密實）混凝土之擴散直徑，作為将流度值，而 在第二具體實施例之自充填（自密幻混凝土係能符合㈣ 度擴散值400〜750mm及直徑擴散達5〇cm所需時間為μ 秒之標準。And a larger opening, the diameter of which is 2Gem, and the height of the tube is, after filling, the circle _ U is vertically lifted up. At this time, the self-filling concrete is diffused on the flat plate 12 to measure the self-filling in the water ( Self-compacting) The time required for the concrete to diffuse to a diameter of 5 Gem, and the diffusion diameter of the self-filled (self-compacting) concrete after the diffusion is stopped, as the fluidity value, and in the second embodiment, self-filling The phantom concrete system can meet the (four) degree diffusion value of 400~750mm and the diameter diffusion time of up to 5〇cm.
充填（自密實）混 第3圖所示之V v形漏斗流速試驗係用以測試水中自 凝土之稠度與析離度，其測試儀器係為如 19 1289544 型漏斗21，其下方係具有一較小口徑之開口 . 22(6.5Cmx7.5Cm) ’開口 22處之管長為15cm，v型漏斗η * 本體之寬為7.5cm、高為45cm、上緣長為49咖，量測水 中自充填（自密實）混凝土完全流出v型漏斗2ι下方開口 22所需時間’經試驗，第一具體實施例之水中自充填（自 密實）混凝土係能符合V形漏斗流下時間7〜20秒之標準。 鋼筋間隙通過試驗（或稱箱型充填試驗）係用以測試水 •巾自充填（自密實)混凝土自行通過鋼筋並充填至模板角落 之能力，如第4圖所示，在鋼筋間隙通過試驗中係將水中 自充填（自密實）混凝土填滿於試驗儀器之A槽31(槽高為 .49cm)，其中A槽3WB槽32係以一固定隔板”鄰接隔 開，在固定隔板33之下方裝設有一活動隔板34與一鋼筋 柵攔35’依充填等級不同，裝設不同之鋼筋柵攔35或不 裝設，在R3充填等級時，其係不裝設鋼筋柵攔”，水中 自充填（自密實）混凝土在靜置於A槽31 一分鐘後打開活 #動隔板34 ’在A槽31之水中自充填（自密實）混凝土係經 由下方往B槽32流動’本實施例中之水中自充填（自密實） 混凝土流至B槽32之高度係可達到3〇〇_以上。因此， 由上述之坍度試驗、坍流度試驗、¥形漏斗流速試驗、鋼 筋間隙通過試驗可知，本發明之水中自充填（自密實）混凝 土具有良好之自充填能力。 L型流度試驗係用以測試水中自充填（自密實）混凝土 自行通過雙層R2鋼筋’如第5圖所示，並可觀看混凝土 於水中流動情形與抗析離能力，在L型流度試驗中係將水 2〇 ⑤ 1289544 中自充填（自密實）混凝土填滿於試驗儀器之A槽41(容積 為20x10x60 cm)，其中A槽41與B槽42(容積為20χ70χFilling (self-compacting) mixing V v-shaped funnel flow rate test shown in Figure 3 is used to test the consistency and resolution of self-concrete in water. The test instrument is a funnel 21 such as 19 1289544, with a lower one. Opening of smaller diameter. 22(6.5Cmx7.5Cm) 'The length of the tube at the opening 22 is 15cm, the v-shaped funnel η * The width of the body is 7.5cm, the height is 45cm, and the upper edge is 49g. The measurement is self-filling in water. (self-compacting) The time required for the concrete to completely flow out of the opening 22 below the v-shaped funnel 2i 'tested, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete system of the first embodiment can meet the standard of the V-shaped funnel flow time of 7 to 20 seconds. The steel gap clearance test (or box type filling test) is used to test the ability of the water/towel self-filling (self-compacting) concrete to pass through the steel bar and fill the corners of the template. As shown in Fig. 4, in the steel gap passing test The self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water is filled in the A tank 31 of the test instrument (the tank height is .49 cm), wherein the A-channel 3WB tank 32 is adjacently separated by a fixed partition, and the fixed partition 33 is There is a movable partition 34 and a steel grille 35' under the different loading level. The different steel bar barriers 35 are installed or not installed. When the R3 is filled, the steel bar is not installed. The self-filling (self-compacting) concrete is placed in the A tank 31 for one minute, and then the movable partition 34 is opened. The self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water of the A tank 31 flows through the bottom to the B tank 32. The self-filling (self-compacting) water in the water can reach a height of 3〇〇_ above the height of the B-slot 32. Therefore, the above self-filling (self-compacting) concrete of the present invention has a good self-filling ability from the above-described twist test, turbulence test, ¥ funnel flow rate test, and steel rib gap pass test. The L-type fluidity test is used to test the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water through the double-layer R2 steel bar as shown in Figure 5, and can observe the flow of concrete in the water and the anti-segregation ability, in the L-type fluidity In the test, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water 2〇5 1289544 was filled in the A tank 41 (volume 20×10×60 cm) of the test instrument, wherein the A tank 41 and the B tank 42 (the volume was 20χ70χ).
15 cm)係以一固定隔板接隔開，在固定隔板下方裝設有一 活動隔板與一鋼筋柵攔（R2障礙）43，並在B槽中點位置也 設一活動式鋼筋栅欄（R2障礙）43並且該B槽42内灌滿水 44’水中自充填（自密實）混凝土在靜置於a槽41 一分鐘 後打開活動隔板，在A槽41之水中自充填（自密實）混凝 土係經由下方往B槽42流動。本發明依第二具體實施例 配製之水中自充填（自密實）混凝土流至3槽42之流度值係 可達500mm以上，並且由第6圖發現不會有析離現象 發生水依然保持潔淨。第7圖係為習知自充填混凝土在 通過L型⑼L度试驗之照相圖，可以發現在通過l b⑽有污 濁析離的現象。兩者對比，本發明之水中自充填（自密實） 混凝土明顯的水中不分離功效。 、第8圖則為本發明之水中不分散混凝土與習知傳統水 凝土在水中澆置後之試體照相圖，其中，左側試體係 ^本發明之水中不分散混凝土，右側試體係為習知傳統水 昆凝土 ’本發明之水中不分散混凝土之密實度顯然優於 各知傳統水中混凝土。 外第9圖係為本發明之水中自充填（自密實）混凝 土在特谅？ @ + ^ 、置之照相圖，該水中自充填（自密實）混凝 k f中特密管澆置經試驗所得28天抗壓強度係為212 几壓強度係為276 kgf/cm2;而普通（空氣中） i 4驗所得28天㈣強度係為222 kgfW，91天抗 21 1289544 壓強度係為295 kgf/cm2，其水中除空氣中試體強度比值分 別為0·95與0·94。 第10圖係習知之自充填（自密實）混凝土在特密管中 淹置之照相圖，該自充填（自密實）混凝土採水中特密管澆 置經試驗所得28天抗壓強度係為194 kgf/cm2，91天抗壓 強度係為254 kgf/cm2;而普通（空氣中）澆置經試驗所得28 天抗壓強度係為352 kgf/cm2，91天抗壓強度係為47〇 鲁 kgf/cm2，其水中除空氣中試體強度比值分別為〇·55與 〇·54 〇 第二具體實施例之水中自充填（自密實）混凝土係具有 大於21〇 kgf/cm2、高流動性、自充填性能且於水中不會有 漿體粒料分離現象，強度比值顯現出混凝土於水中堯置品 質穩定，適用於一般水中結構物工程。（如下附表） 自充填（自密實）混凝土之評價參考值（建議值）: 免搗實充填性等級 1 丨但⑼m 2 · 構造條件 鋼筋最小間距（mm) 30 〜60 60〜200 J 200以上 鋼筋量（Kg/m3) 350以上 100〜350 100以下 u形或孝 流動性 备形充填容器之充填高度（mm) 300以上 (障礙R1) 300以上 (障礙R2) 300以上 (無鋼筋障礙） 姆流度（mm) 550〜700 500〜650 材料析離抵抗 性 漏斗流下時間（sec) v75(1)漏斗 10 〜20 7〜20 7〜20 Sioo 漏斗(2) 4〜8 3〜8 3〜8 500mm流度到達時間（sec) 5〜25 3〜15 3〜15 註⑴·· V75漏斗係指卸出口斷面尺寸為75mmx75mm之V形漏斗。 (2): s100漏斗係錯直設置之鋼製中空圓柱體形漏斗，直圓管之上緣平滑可調水平，内 壁為光滑表面，其内徑為98mm、高為800mm、容積為6.28L，上下兩端開口， 於底端卸料口處，設有可瞬間開啟且具水密性之閥門。 因此’本發明所提供之水中不分散混凝土與水中自充 22 1289544 填（自密實）混凝土，係具有適當強度、高坍流度、自充填（自 岔實）性能及水中澆置不析離等特性，並各個齡期之义，_ / / /ίΛί>值均高於日本JSCE-D 104規準建議值80%，適用於 • 一般水下結構物工程。 因此，本發明係提供一種品質極為穩定的水中不分散 混凝土，在水中澆置時坍度為5〜27.5cm;更佳的，亦可產 製水中自充填（自密實）混凝土，不但符合自充填之性能要 φ 求，坍流度值（400〜750 mm及直徑擴散達5〇Cm所需時間 為3〜25秒）、箱形試驗充填高度（3〇〇mm以上）及v漏斗流 下時間（7 20秒）、L流度值超過5〇〇mm且水不混濁又不析 離等，而且具備適當強度（28、91天抗壓強度14〇~63〇 kgf/cm2)’能廣泛地運用於水下與河海工程此外本發 明亦揭示一種水中不分散混凝土之配比設計流程方法，以 供產製水中混凝土。 、本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定 ⑩者為準，任何熟知此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和 範圍内所作之任何變化與#改，均屬於本發明之保 0 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖·依本發明所提供之水中不分散混凝土與水中自充 • 填（自密實）混凝土之配比設計流程圖。 ， 第2圖··坍落度擴散試驗器具之示意圖。 第3圖··本發明所使用之流速試驗v型漏斗試驗儀之示 意圖。 23 1289544 第4圖：本發明所使用之鋼筋間隙通過試驗箱形試驗儀之 示意圖。 第5圖：本發明所使用之流度試驗l型試驗儀之示意圖。 第6圖：本發明之一種水中自充填（自密實）混凝土在通過 L型流度試驗之照相圖。 第7圖·習知自充填（自密實）混凝土在通過l型流度試驗 之照相圖。15 cm) is separated by a fixed partition. A movable partition and a steel bar barrier (R2 barrier) 43 are installed under the fixed partition, and a movable steel fence is also arranged at the midpoint of the B slot. (R2 barrier) 43 and the B tank 42 is filled with water 44' water self-filling (self-compacting) concrete is placed in the a tank 41 for one minute, then the movable partition is opened, and the water is self-filled in the water of the A tank 41 (self-compacting) The concrete flows through the lower side to the B groove 42. According to the second embodiment, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete flowing into the tank 3 can reach a flow degree of more than 500 mm, and it is found from Fig. 6 that there is no separation phenomenon and the water remains clean. . Fig. 7 is a photograph of a conventional self-filling concrete passing through an L-type (9) L degree test, and it is found that there is a phenomenon of contamination separation by l b (10). In contrast, the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete of the present invention does not separate the water in the apparent water. Fig. 8 is a photograph of the test body of the water-insoluble concrete in the present invention and the conventional conventional concrete in water, wherein the left side test system is not dispersible in the water of the invention, and the right test system is a habit. Knowing the traditional water Kunming soil 'The density of the non-dispersible concrete in the water of the invention is obviously superior to the traditional water concrete. What is the special picture of the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water of the present invention? @ + ^, photograph of the set, the water self-filling (self-compacting) coagulation kf in the special tube pouring test obtained 28 days compressive strength is 212, the pressure strength is 276 kgf / cm2; and ordinary ( In the air, i 4 test yields 28 days (four) strength is 222 kgfW, 91 days anti- 21 1289544 compressive strength is 295 kgf / cm2, the ratio of the strength of the water in the air in the sample is 0. 95 and 0. 94. Figure 10 is a photograph of a self-filling (self-compacting) concrete submerged in a special pipe. The self-filling (self-compacting) concrete pipe in a special water pipe is tested and the 28-day compressive strength is 194. Kgf/cm2, the 91-day compressive strength is 254 kgf/cm2; while the ordinary (in-air) casting has a 28-day compressive strength of 352 kgf/cm2, and the 91-day compressive strength is 47〇lu kgf /cm2, the ratio of the strength of the sample in the air except air is 〇·55 and 〇·54 〇 The second embodiment of the water self-filling (self-compacting) concrete system has more than 21〇kgf/cm2, high fluidity, self Filling performance and no separation of slurry particles in water, the strength ratio shows that the concrete is stable in the water, suitable for general underwater structural engineering. (Refer to the following table) Evaluation reference value of self-filling (self-compacting) concrete (recommended value): Free tamping filling level 1 丨 but (9) m 2 · Construction condition Rebar minimum spacing (mm) 30 ～ 60 60~200 J 200 or more Reinforced steel (Kg/m3) 350 or more 100~350 100 or less U-shaped or filthy fluidity filling container filling height (mm) 300 or more (obstacle R1) 300 or more (obstacle R2) 300 or more (no steel barrier) Fluidity (mm) 550~700 500~650 Material separation resistance funnel flow down time (sec) v75 (1) funnel 10 ~ 20 7~20 7~20 Sioo funnel (2) 4~8 3~8 3~8 500mm fluidity arrival time (sec) 5~25 3~15 3~15 Note (1)·· V75 funnel is a V-shaped funnel with a discharge section size of 75mmx75mm. (2): The s100 funnel is a steel hollow cylindrical funnel with a straight line. The upper edge of the straight round tube is smoothly adjustable horizontally, and the inner wall is a smooth surface. The inner diameter is 98mm, the height is 800mm, and the volume is 6.28L. Open at both ends, at the bottom discharge port, there is a valve that can be opened instantly and is watertight. Therefore, the non-dispersible concrete in water and the self-filling 22 1289544 filled (self-compacting) concrete provided by the invention have appropriate strength, high turbulence, self-filling (self-compacting) performance and non-separation in water pouring. The characteristics, and the meaning of each age, _ / / / ίΛί> values are higher than the recommended value of Japan's JSCE-D 104 standard 80%, suitable for • general underwater structural engineering. Therefore, the present invention provides a non-dispersible concrete in water which is extremely stable in quality, and has a twist of 5 to 27.5 cm when poured in water; more preferably, it can produce self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water, which not only conforms to self-filling. The performance should be φ, the turbulence value (400~750 mm and the diameter required to reach 5〇Cm is 3~25 seconds), the box test filling height (3〇〇mm or more) and the v funnel down time ( 7 20 seconds), L fluidity value is more than 5〇〇mm and the water is not turbid and does not separate, etc., and has appropriate strength (28, 91 days compressive strength 14〇~63〇kgf/cm2)' can be widely used Underwater and river engineering In addition, the present invention also discloses a method for designing a ratio of non-dispersible concrete in water for producing concrete in water. The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims, and any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention belong to the present invention. Bao Bao 0 [Simplified description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing the design of the ratio of non-dispersible concrete in water and self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a slump diffusion test device. Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a flow rate test v-funnel tester used in the present invention. 23 1289544 Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the use of the test box shape tester for the steel gap used in the present invention. Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the fluidity test type 1 tester used in the present invention. Fig. 6 is a photograph of a self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in water passing through an L-type fluidity test. Figure 7 - A photograph of a self-filling (self-compacting) concrete passing through an l-type fluidity test.
圖：在水中澆置之混凝土圓柱試體照相圖。（左側為 本發明之水中不分散混凝土，右側為習知傳統水 中混凝土） :本發明之水中自充填(自密實)混凝土在特 中澆置之照相圖。 :習知自充填（自密實）混凝土在特 照相圖。 *特“水中洗置之 第9圖 第10圖 【主要元件符號說明】 1 決定粗粒料用量 2 決定細粒料用量 3決定拌和水量及粉體用量 4 決定各膠結材料用量 5 決定填充材用量 11圓錐筒 12平板 21 V型漏斗 22開口 35鋼筋栅欄 31 A槽 3 4活動隔板 24 1289544 41 A槽 42 B槽 43鋼筋柵攔 44灌滿水Figure: Photograph of a concrete cylindrical specimen placed in water. (The left side is the non-dispersive concrete in the water of the present invention, and the right side is the conventional conventional water-contained concrete): A photograph of the self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in the water of the present invention is placed in a special state. : Known self-filling (self-compacting) concrete in special photo. *Specially, "Purchase in the water, Figure 9" [Main component symbol description] 1 Determine the amount of coarse material 2 Determine the amount of fine material 3 Determine the amount of mixing water and the amount of powder 4 Determine the amount of each bonding material 5 Determine the amount of filler 11 cone tube 12 plate 21 V-shaped funnel 22 opening 35 steel bar fence 31 A slot 3 4 movable partition 24 1289544 41 A slot 42 B slot 43 steel bar barrier 44 filled with water
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