TWI286245B - Display system - Google Patents

Abstract

A display system according to the present invention includes an optical switching element 10 that can switch between a reflective state and a transparent state, and a display element 20 for presenting information thereon by modulating the light that has been transmitted through the optical switching element 10 and/or the light that has been reflected from the optical switching element 10. The optical switching element 10 includes a plurality of regions, which can switch from the reflective state into the transparent state, or vice versa, independently of each other. When multiple types of information is presented on the display element 20, the optical switching element 10 can selectively change the reflective and transparent states of those regions into appropriate ones in accordance with the types of the information being presented.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display system, and more particularly to a display system capable of displaying both sides by a transmissive plate type display and a reflection mode using reflected light. [Prior Art] In recent years, reflective liquid crystal display elements have been widely used as portable electronic devices. Since the reflective liquid crystal display element is displayed by reflecting ambient light (outer light), it is excellent in low power consumption and is very suitable for outdoor display. However, mobile phones or PDAs (portable information terminals) are used in a wide range from outdoor to f or from day to night. Therefore, if a reflective liquid crystal display element is used, it cannot be used in a state where the ambient light is weak. Therefore, there is a need for a display element that can be displayed without being limited to the surrounding light intensity. As such a display element, Patent Document i proposes a liquid crystal display element of a transflective type (hereinafter also referred to simply as "dual-use type") in which a region of reflected light is built in each pixel and light is transmitted therethrough. Regional. The liquid crystal display element is in the region of the reflected light, and is dried by the reflection mode of the surrounding light, and is displayed in a transmission mode in which the light is transmitted through the light from the backlight, so that the liquid crystal display element can be displayed without being limited to the intensity of the surrounding light. display. Therefore, such a dual-purpose liquid crystal display device is mounted on a mobile phone. [Patent Document 1] JP-A-10-1 3 3 6 8 2

O:\91\9I464.DOC -6- 1286245 and in the patent document 1, the two-purpose liquid crystal display element of the main wood is the two regions in which the light utilization pattern is different. Therefore, regardless of the help; m or the transmission mode display, it is impossible to make one pixel contribute to the display. Therefore, compared with the reflective element or the transmissive liquid crystal display element which contributes to the display of the entire pixel, the display characteristic is not filled, that is, when the transmission mode is displayed, the area through which the light is transmitted is narrow, and the aperture ratio is small. 'It is difficult to fully confirm the guest's degree, and the reflection mode is not visible, and the area of the reflected light is narrow, so it is difficult to sufficiently ensure the brightness. Moreover, when the light is transmitted through the reflective mode or the transmission mode is displayed, In the light-reflecting region, the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer is not optimized, and the light leakage is shallow, and the black display-like sadness is high. Therefore, the contrast is also lowered. Moreover, due to the popularity of the Internet in recent years, portable electronic devices The display of the display is also a variety of 'not only simple text capital, but also still images, pictures and other still images, and even animated images. Review the results of the relationship between the display content type and the display mode, this t The inventor of the case knows that in the case of displaying text information or still images, from the viewpoint of visibility, it is better to display the reflection mode which is mild to the eyes. In the case of the display of the picture, it is preferable to display the transmission mode by the emphasis on the gorgeousness or the brightness. However, as described above, the dual-use liquid crystal display element is switched between the display mode and the display mode. Through the mode display, the display characteristics are still insufficient. Moreover, as the display content is diversified, it is predicted that the status of the display information in the display area and the different types of information (for example, animated images and text information) will change. Many 'but the previous dual-use liquid crystal display elements can not be displayed

O:\91\91464.DOC 1286245 Part of the area is displayed in the transmission mode and displayed in other areas. As such, display elements that exhibit sufficient display characteristics in a multi-view (Muiti_scene) and display elements suitable for multi-content display have not yet been developed. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its main object is to provide a display system which has good display characteristics in both transmission mode display and reflective mode display, and is suitable for use in multiple scenes and/or multimedia-Ly. , Yu Bei is not. The display system of the present invention includes: a dimming element that switches between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state; and a display element that is reflected by light passing through the dimming element and/or the dimming element Light modulating to display information; and the dimming element has a plurality of regions that can independently switch between light reflection = and light transmission state, and when the display element displays a plurality of types, the message can be displayed according to the foregoing information. The type selectively switches the light reflection state and the light transmission state of the plurality of regions. In a preferred embodiment, the display device supplies a display signal of a different type to a first display region that is displayed by modulating light transmitted through the dimming device, and modulates light reflected by the dimming device. And the show: 1 brother - show no area. In a preferred embodiment, the display element includes a plurality of pixels; each of the plurality of regions of the dimming device has a one-to-one correspondence with each of the plurality of pixels. In a preferred embodiment, the dimming element has a laminated structure including a first layer and a second layer, and the light reflectance of the first layer in response to an external stimulus

O:\9l\9l464.DOC 1286245 Variant; the first layer contains the first material, which is fixed, the song, and the first characteristic is changed according to the Teguin; the second layer contains φ. ^ ^ 5 has the specific element / the second material 'the aforementioned second material absorbs the aforementioned specific element according to the aforementioned external stimulus. Or in a preferred embodiment, the dimming element includes a dimming layer having a change in light reflectance, and the dimming layer includes a first material whose optical center = specific concentration changes, and the first material is a particle . Alternatively, the display system of the present invention includes: a dimming element 4, ^ 匕 1 thousand, which is capable of switching between a nine-reflection state and a light-transmitting state; and a display element, - a system that is modulated by light to be displayed in a radial row; The dimming element includes a laminated structure including a first layer and a second layer, and the light of the first layer changes in response to an external stimulus; the layer includes a first material, and the optical characteristic is a specific element. The second layer includes a first material which may contain the aforementioned elemental element, and the second material releases or absorbs the specific element according to the external stimulus. Typically, the display element is displayed by modulating light transmitted through the dimming element and/or light reflected by the dimming element. In a preferred embodiment, the element is hydrogen, and the first material can migrate between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state in accordance with the chlorine concentration. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer comprises a hydrogen storage material. In a preferred embodiment, the chlorine equilibrium pressure to the composition isotherm (PTC characteristic curve) of each of the first layer and the second layer are operated in a substantially flat region. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen balance pressures of the first layer and the second layer are substantially equal in the region where the PTC characteristic curve is substantially flat.

O:\9l\9l464 D〇C -9 - 1286245 In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen storage amount range of the region in which the PTC characteristic curve of the second layer is substantially flat comprises the pTc characteristic curve of the first layer being substantially flat. The range of hydrogen storage in the area. a. In a preferred embodiment, the second material is subjected to electron release to effect the release or absorption of the aforementioned specific elements. In the preferred embodiment, the second material is released or absorbed by the illumination element 光照4- & i J月\|. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer comprises a material having photocatalytic properties. In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a pair of electrically conductive layers formed by the electric field of said special ion from said second material to said first material or from said first material to said second material. <The preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first and second layers are located on the conductive layer and are as described above, and the first layer has one of the conductive and conductive layers. Play the function. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer has a conductivity that functions as one of the conductive layers. In a preferred embodiment, the preferred embodiment has a multilayer construction. The second layer of Liss is light transmissive. Wherein the first layer and the second layer "at least - the square light reflection state and the light transmission state 14 are shown as = element; the system is modulated by the incident center, α, 隹 > 9 element", which has an external stimulus and stops C Ht week 疋 系 系 系 系 丨 丨 而 而 而 而 而 而 而 反射 反射 反射 反射 反射 反射 反射 反射 反射 反射 调 调

O:\9I\91464.DOC 1286245 The first material whose optical characteristics vary according to the concentration of a specific element, the first material being particles. Typically, the display system is modulated by modulating light transmitted through the dimming element and/or light reflected by the dimming element. In a preferred embodiment, the first material can migrate between the light reflecting state and the light transmitting state in accordance with the specific element concentration. In a preferred embodiment, when the first material is in the light reflecting state, the light modulating layer diffuses and reflects light. In a preferred embodiment, the particles have a diameter of 350 nm or more and are below the thickness of the aforementioned light-adjusting layer. In a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned specific element is hydrogen. In a preferred embodiment, the step further comprises a conversion layer comprising a second material which may comprise the particular element; said second material releasing or absorbing said specific element in accordance with said external stimulus. / Preferably, the specific element is hydrogen, and the conversion layer comprises a hydrogen storage material. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen balance pressure-composition isotherm (PTC characteristic curve) of each of the light-adjusting layer and the conversion layer is operated in a substantially flat region. In the region where the PTC characteristic curve is substantially flat, the hydrogen balance pressure of the light control layer and the conversion layer is substantially equal. = a preferred embodiment, the pTC characteristic curve of the conversion layer is substantially flat = the range of chlorine storage is the range of hydrogen storage including the flat region of the PTC characteristic curve of the aforementioned dimming layer. In a preferred embodiment, the second material is subjected to electronic transfer.

O:\91\91464.DOC -11 - 1286245 Release or absorption of the aforementioned specific elements. In a preferred embodiment, the second material is subjected to an electrical chemical reaction to effect the release or absorption of the aforementioned specific elements. In a preferred embodiment, a pair of conductive layers are provided which are formed such that the ions of the specific element are moved from the second material to the first material or from the first material to the second material. In a preferred embodiment, the dimming layer and the conversion layer are located between the i-pair conductive layers. In a preferred embodiment, the light-adjusting layer has conductivity and functions as one of the i-pair conductive layers. In a preferred embodiment, the conversion layer has electrical conductivity and functions as one of the conductive layers on the conductive layer. In a preferred embodiment, the conversion layer has light transmittance. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the light control layer and the conversion layer comprises a multilayer structure. In a preferred embodiment, the display device has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal display element disposed on the liquid crystal layer between the pair of substrates. Further, the illuminating device is further provided with an illuminating device disposed on the opposite side of the observer with respect to the display element. In a preferred embodiment, the dimming element is disposed between the display element and the illumination device. In a preferred embodiment, the dimming element is disposed inside the display element. In a preferred embodiment, the display element comprises a first color filter.

O:\9I\9I464.DOC -12- 1286245 In a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned dimming element comprises a second color filter. In a preferred embodiment, the display element includes a first color filter, and the dimming element includes a second color filter, and the second color filter is disposed on an observer relative to the first layer. The opposite side. In a preferred embodiment, the display element includes a first color filter, the dimming element includes a second color filter, and the second color filter is disposed opposite to an observer of the dimming layer. side. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. First, the basic configuration of the display system 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The display system 100 includes a dimming element 10 that switches between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state, and a display element 2 that displays by modulating incident light. The display system 100 further includes a backlight (illuminating device) 30 disposed on the back side of the display element 2 (on the side opposite to the viewer). The dimming element 10 is an element that can switch between the state of the reflected light and the state of the transmitted light, and is disposed between the display element 20 and the backlight 30. As shown in Fig. 1, the dimming element 10 of the present embodiment is provided with a laminated structure including a light-adjusting layer 丨 and a conversion layer 2, and the light reflectance of the light-adjusting layer 1 changes in response to electrical stimulation. The dimming element 10 further includes a pair of electrodes "and 3b" interposed between the light-adjusting layer 1 and the conversion layer 2. The more specific configuration and operation principle of the dimming element 1A will be described later. The display element 20 can be modulated by the front side thereof. Both the incident light and the light incident from the back side are modulated by the light transmitted through the dimming element 1 and/or the light reflected by the dimming element 1 to display information. The display element 2 〇 has, for example, an i-pair. O: \91\9I464.DOC -13 - 1286245 a board, and a liquid crystal display element provided in a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, by applying a voltage to a transparent electrode disposed on a side surface of the liquid crystal layer of the pair of substrates, The display element 20 is not limited to the liquid crystal display element, and may be used as long as it is a display element that can modulate light incident from the front side and the back side, for example, by controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer. As shown in the left side of FIG. 1, when the dimming element 1 is turned into a light transmitting state and the backlight 30 is turned on (on state), light from the illumination device 3 is transmitted through the dimming element 10 and is incident on the display element 20. By modulating this incidence at display element 20 In the light, the display system 100 can perform the transmission mode display. In contrast, as shown in the right side of the figure, when the light control element 10 is in the light reflection state, the light incident on the display element 20 from the front side will pass through the display element. After 20' is reflected by the dimming element 1G and passes through the display element again, so that the reflected mode display can be performed by modulating the light 'display system' (10). At this time, the light-reflecting state is switched to the light-reflecting state. The backlight 30 is turned on (off state) or lighted (maintained on). Even if the backlight 30 is kept lit, since the light from the illumination device 30 is reflected by the dimming element 10, it is hardly incident on the display element 20. Thus, the display element 20 can be used as a reflective display element and a transmissive display element, and the plurality of pixels of the n display element 2G need not be separately divided into reflected light regions and The area through which the light is transmitted is displayed on the display system 100 regardless of the 疋 reflection mode display or the transmission mode display. Disclosed in Patent Document 1, both the transmission mode of conventional displays transreflective liquid crystal device of the type 'and a reflective mode may be implemented

O:\9i\9I464.DOC -14- 1286245 Both are bright and contrasting. Therefore, the display system of the present invention is suitable for use in various situations, i.e., multiple scenes. Preferably, the dimming element 10 has a plurality of regions (referred to as "dimming regions") which are capable of independently switching between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state. When the display element 20 displays a plurality of types of information, it is preferable to selectively switch the light reflection state and the light transmission state of each of the dimming areas in accordance with the types of such information. With such a configuration, as shown in Fig. 2, when the display element 10 displays different kinds of contents, the display can be performed in the optimum visibility mode according to the content type, so that the display system 100 is suitable for use in display of multiple contents. Further, Fig. 2 exemplifies a case where the display of the text information is performed in the reflective mode, and the display mode is displayed in the area where the animation information or the still image information is displayed, but the relationship between the content and the display mode is not limited thereto. For example, from the viewpoint of gentleness to the eyes, it is also possible to display the reflection mode in the area where the still image information is displayed. In the case of the dimming element H) of the present embodiment, for example, the electrodes 3a and 3_ of the conversion layer 2 are separated by a dimming layer to form a specific shape, and the plurality of portions of the dimming layer 1 can be used. Electrical stimulation is independently provided, and a plurality of dimming regions are set. The arrangement or the like may be appropriately determined in accordance with the number and size of the dimming areas for the display system 100. For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the rougher is divided into the 丨 丨, the ancient 2 knives 5 weeks 兀 10, for the size of the dimming area 10 r ' can also be incorporated to display fr ” only (he domain 20r The size of the displayed content (the size of the displayed area). As shown in FIG. 4, the dimming element 10 may be divided into substantially the same level as the pixels of the display element 20, and the content displayed by the display area 20r may be matched. Big

O:\91\91464.DOC -15- 1286245 Small, arbitrarily cut the light transmission state and light reflection state of each dimming area 1 Or. In FIG. 4, the dimming region i〇r is defined at the intersection of the polarization and the flutter, and each dimming region l〇r is in one-to-one correspondence with each pixel of the display element 20, wherein the pixel is substantially equal to the pixel of the 7G device 20 The pitch is approximately the same as the pitch, and the electrode is patterned to be striped. First, the display signal conversion controller 21 converts the content information to be displayed into a display signal, and secondly, passes the signal to the display element drive circuit (display element driver) 22 that drives the display element 20, by The synchronized signal is also supplied to the dimming element driving circuit (dimming element driver) 12 for driving the dimming element (7), and the dimming of the dimming element ι can be selectively switched in accordance with the type of content displayed on the display element 20. The light reflection state and light transmission state of the area. Furthermore, when displaying text information or still image information, from the viewpoint of visibility, it is better to display a mode of reflection in a gentle eye, and in the case of displaying animation information, from the viewpoint of emphasizing beauty and brightness. It is better to display in the transmission mode, but because of different observers, there are differences in visibility and differences in image preference, so it is better to switch the display mode manually. (Dimming Element) Hereinafter, the configuration and operation principle of the dimming element 1 of the present embodiment will be described. However, a technique proposed as a dimming mirror has been described before. U.S. Patent No. 5,635,729 or Huiben et al. (Nature, March 1996, Vol. 380, pp. 231-234) reports that a metal film such as yttrium (y) or yttrium (La) is converted into a hydrogen compound. The phenomenon of hydride through visible light. Since this phenomenon is reversible, the film can be changed between a metallic luster state and a transparent state by adjusting the hydrogen pressure in the atmosphere. O:\91\91464.DOC -16- 1286245 The right side can change the optical characteristics of the film, and switch between the metallic luster and the transparent state to realize a dimming mirror that can adjust the light reflectance/transmittance freely. When the dimming mirror is used as, for example, a window of a building or a car window, it is possible to block (reflect) sunlight or transmit sunlight as needed. Such a dimming mirror has a configuration in which, for example, a palladium layer is formed on a tantalum film. Palladium has the function of preventing oxidation of the surface of the film, and effectively changing the nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere into hydrogen atoms, and supplying it to the function of the crucible. If hydrazine is chemically bonded to a hydrogen atom, YH2 or YH3 will be formed. YH2 is a metal, but YH3 is a semiconductor, and its prohibited bandwidth is larger than the energy of visible light, so it is transparent. Further, even at room temperature, a state change of YH2 〇 * yH3 occurs rapidly (at a few seconds), so that it is possible to switch between a reflective (metallic luster) state and a transparent state in accordance with the hydrogen content in the atmosphere. Other materials that can migrate to metallic luster and transparent, such as: MhNi film, are disclosed in the lectures of the Applied Physics Society, Spring 2011, 31-a-zs_i4. According to the above-described prior art, the optical state of the film can be changed. However, the configuration is described in such a manner that it is difficult to put the light-adjusting element into practical use. One of the reasons is that the film must be exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere. Specifically, it is necessary to control the amount of hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure) in the atmosphere gas that is in contact with the film. Therefore, it is difficult to put the light control element into practical use by using the above conventional configuration. The dimming element 10 of this embodiment will be described below. First, the basic configuration of the dimming element 10 will be described with reference to Fig. 5 . As shown in Fig. 5, the dimming element 10 is provided with a laminated structure including a light-adjusting layer M1 & conversion layer M2. The light-reflecting layer of the light-adjusting layer M1 changes in response to an external stimulus. The dimming layer Μ1 contains optical characteristics that vary according to the concentration of a particular element.

O:\91\91464.DOC -17- 1286245 H section. Preferred examples of the light-adjusting material include the above-mentioned Y, La, Mg2Nl alloys, and materials such as a, Mg2Nl alloy, and the like, which migrate between the metal-semiconductor (or insulator) state according to the hydrogen concentration. "Conversion layer M2 contains a material that can contain a specific element such as hydrogen (referred to as "conversion material" in this specification). The conversion material ejects or absorbs the above specific elements (e.g., hydrogen) according to external stimuli such as injection (electron or hole) injection/emission or light irradiation. "The mechanism of the movement of hydrogen ions from the conversion layer "2 to the light-adjusting layer M1 or from the light-adjusting layer %1 to the conversion layer M2" is explained by the Z-in/out-charge. This mechanism is characterized in that the specific element (hydrogen) ion which changes the optical characteristics of the light-adjusting layer M is moved by the electric charge reaction without using an electric chemical reaction. First, refer to FIG. 5. The light-adjusting layer M1 and the conversion layer M2 shown in Fig. 5 each have the ability to absorb/release hydrogen' while having electrical conductivity for moving electric charges (electrons or holes) and ions. Next, refer to Figure 6(a). Fig. 6(a) shows an initial state of the dimming layer Μ1 and the conversion layer M2 included in the structure of Fig. 5. In this initial state, an equilibrium state is formed between the dimming layer M1 in which hydrogen is not substantially stored and the conversion layer M2 in which hydrogen is stored in advance. Since a sufficient concentration of hydrogen is not present in the dimming layer M1, the dimming layer mi is in a metallic state, exhibiting metallic luster. Next, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), a negative potential is applied to the side of the light-adjusting layer M1 while a positive potential is applied to the side of the conversion layer M2. At this time, in the light-adjusting layer Μ1, electrons are injected from a negative electrode (not shown), and the light-adjusting layer M1 is in an electron-rich state. On the other hand, a hole (electron is extracted) is injected into the conversion layer M2. The O:\91\9J464.DOC -18-1286245 of the injection conversion layer M2 moves toward the inside of the conversion layer M2 toward the light adjustment layer M1. In the movement process of such a hole, if the hole is further injected into the conversion layer M2, the conversion layer M2 becomes a rich hole state. Therefore, the conversion layer m2 is in a state in which hydrogen ions are easily released, and in the light adjustment layer M1, hydrogen ions are received by the conversion layer M2, and the amount of retention increases. Therefore, the hydrogen balance state between the dimming layer M1 and the conversion layer M2 collapses. The dimming layer M1 is in a state where it is easy to hold more hydrogen, and the hydrogen ions emitted from the conversion layer M2 move to the dimming layer M1. Thus, as shown in Fig. 6(c), a new equilibrium state is formed. In this state, the hydrogen moved to the light control layer M1 is combined with the light control material, and the light adjustment layer M1 becomes transparent. When the above reaction is repeated, it becomes M1 + M2(H) - M1(H) + M2. Here, 'M1(H) and M2(H) respectively indicate that hydrogen is maintained in the state of the dimming layer M1i and hydrogen is maintained in the state of the conversion layer M2. As apparent from the above description, only hydrogen ions are transferred between the light-adjusting layer M1 and the conversion layer %2, and no reaction involving other ions occurs. x, if the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed in the state of Fig. 6(c), since the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction, it returns to the original equilibrium state shown in Fig. 6(a). Thus, according to the present invention, since the equilibrium state of hydrogen changes, other ions that can be driven participate in the reaction. Therefore, in the chemical reaction, the response speed becomes faster, so that the hydrogen gas can be stably operated on the positive electrode side. The charge (electron or hole) moves to make hydrogen (there is no need to make hydrogen ions, compared to the ions involved in a plurality of ions). Further, an electrical chemical reaction is not generated, and the meniscus property is lowered, and it can be used as an electronic component. Hereinafter, a more specific configuration of the light control element 10 will be described.

O:\91\91464.DOC -19- 1286245 The dimming element 10 shown in Fig. 7 is provided with a laminated structure including a light-adjusting layer 丨 and a conversion layer 2, and a light reflectance (optical characteristic) response of the light-adjusting layer 1 Electrical stimulation changes. The light-adjusting element includes a counter electrode 3a and 3b interposed between the light-adjusting layer and the conversion layer 2, and a substrate 4 supporting the laminated structure. An appropriate voltage can be applied to the pair of electrodes 3a and 3b from the outside, and the electrode "and the electrode can be simply short-circuited. The order of laminating the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer 基板 of the substrate 4 is not limited to the illustration. The conversion layer 2 may be disposed on the side closer to the substrate 4, and the light control layer 1 may be formed thereon. The light control layer of the present embodiment includes a light control material whose optical characteristics vary according to the hydrogen concentration (for example, 钇). The whole or part of the dimming layer 亦可 may also be formed by a bismuth layer or a plurality of layers of light modulating materials, or may be formed in a film composed of other materials, and the particles of the light modulating material may exist in a state of being dispersed or connected. The conversion material for hydrogen may be used. The conversion material may emit/absorb hydrogen ions (H+) by electron transfer between the electrode 3a. In the example of the figure, a positive potential is applied to the electrode 3a, and a negative potential is applied to the electrode. 3b, hydrogen ions are emitted from a light modulating material of the conversion layer 2 containing a sufficient amount of hydrogen in advance. The evolved hydrogen ions move in an electric field formed in the laminated structure, reach the light-emitting layer 1, and are doped to the light-control material. Such hydrogen The mechanism of the movement and movement is as described above. The dimming material of the dimming layer 1 is formed by hydrogen bonding to form a hydrogen metal compound. As a result, the dimming material in the metallic state is changed into a semiconductor or insulator that transmits visible light. The optical layer 1 can be produced by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, etc. The dimming layer 1 functions as a mirror for displaying a metallic luster, and it is preferable to use flatness as much as possible.

O:\91\91464.DOC -20- 1286245 The prismatic film forms the dimming layer 1. The conversion material contained in the conversion layer 2 can be changed in atomic or ionic, according to external stimuli, so that the material of the storable gas can be changed. For..., two =: Can also use carbon nanotubes in addition to the material 'conversion layer 2 can also contain electrical conductivity # ', right "conducting material is included in the conversion layer 2, with dimming sound} quickly Conduction of hydrogen ions. Conductive materials can be used for ion conduction materials between days, or solid electrolytes, etc. Conductive polymer or electric charge of the electric hole). In the above-mentioned hydrogen storage material or electrically conductive material material, the conversion material 2 is added with a bonding material such as a binder resin. Further, for the purpose of: The injected charge is moved as it is, and the isolation layer is interposed between the dimming layer and the conversion layer. The material of the isolation layer should be selected as follows: the sub-movable but not easy to generate charge moving bucket and the selective exchange body, porous insulator, ion conduction = : Two can use ionban 性 South Molecular materials, etc. If the layer consists of ^ (4), it will prevent the (4) electrode injected into the opposite electrode, so it can be connected to the loading efficiency. "Electrolysis between the dimming layer and the conversion layer = When a mixture of a plurality of materials is formed, if the material is such that the total preparation, the solution was coated by spin coating method or a printing method, can accommodate conversion layer 2 is formed. The formation of such a conversion layer 2 can also be carried out by his thin film deposition technique. U or its

O:\91\9I464.DOC -21 - 1286245 As explained above, the root 摅 too 眚, t ' '' is caused by applying a voltage to the electrodes 3a, 3b, and carrying out charge and ion transfer inside the conversion layer 2. As a result, hydrogen ion migration can be caused between the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer! according to the system. Therefore, for example, if the dimming layer i which is not doped with hydrogen and the conversion layer 2 which previously stores hydrogen are used in the initial state, and a voltage is applied as shown in FIG. 5, hydrogen ions will move from the recording side toward the negative side, and are doped in Dimming them. That is, the positive electrode side undergoes a ruthenium release reaction, and the negative electrode side undergoes a binding reaction of chlorine and a metal to form a nitrogen metal compound. In contrast, if a reverse voltage is applied, hydrogen movement will occur in the opposite direction, so that the dimming layer can be applied by alternately applying the polarity of (4)! The optical state is reversibly switched between metallic luster-transparent. If only the movement of the gas stored in the conversion layer 2 is considered, the electrode & and the electrode 3 can be short-circuited externally in the ® layer structure. Such a short circuit is the same phenomenon as the discharge of the battery, and the internal state of the laminated structure can be returned to the initial state. Since the conversion layer 2 and the light-adjusting layer 1 have the ability to retain hydrogen, when no voltage is applied (when an external circuit is opened), hydrogen movement is not generated, and the optical state of the optical layer (9) is maintained. Therefore, if a material with excellent hydrogen retention capability is selected, the dimming state can be maintained for a long period of time without consuming electricity. Contrary to the above examples, it is also possible to use a dimming layer previously doped with hydrogen and a conversion layer 2 in a state in which hydrogen is not stored. In this case, a negative potential can also be applied to the conversion layer 2 by applying a positive potential to the dimming layer, so that hydrogen can be moved from the dimming to the conversion layer 2, thereby making the π 厣 夕 夕 ^ The optical state of the matte material of layer 1 changes. In this embodiment, the light reflectance/light transmittance of the light control material can be controlled by the doping amount of hydrogen, so by adjusting the voltage applied to the electrode or the W duty ratio when applied (Duty Ratl〇m ' Control the light reflectance / light transmission of the dimming layer i

O:\91\91464.DOC -22- 1286245 = If the memory is based on the ability to retain chlorine, it is easy to maintain a suitable light reflectance/light transmittance. "When properly controlling the storage of such hydrogen (4), it is necessary to pay attention to the argon balance -, and into the #temperature line (hereinafter referred to as "PTC characteristic curve"). As shown in Fig. 8, the He characteristic curve indicates the hydrogen storage amount and the hydrogen level. For the graph of Fig. 8, the horizontal axis represents the hydrogen storage amount, and the vertical axis represents the hydrogen equilibrium pressure. The ptc characteristic curve for the horizontal axis In the parallel part (hereinafter referred to as "plain area"), the hydrogen storage amount can be changed within the equilibrium pressure, so that the chlorine equilibrium pressure is maintained at a certain state, and hydrogen absorption/release can be reversibly performed. Therefore, the dimming element of the present embodiment is switched in the plain region of the PTC characteristic curve. The conversion layer 2 and the light adjustment layer 1 preferably exhibit substantially the same pTC characteristics. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 8, the "hydrogen storage amount" ranges of the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer iipTc characteristic curve are preferably overlapped, and the "hydrogen equilibrium pressure" is substantially equal. By displaying the same hydrogen balance pressure, between the dimming layer and the conversion layer 2, hydrogen can be smoothly transferred. This is because when the hydrogen balance pressure difference is increased between the light-adjusting layer 1 and the conversion layer 2, even if hydrogen is absorbed and released in each layer, hydrogen can not be transferred between the two layers. Further, it is preferable that the hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the plain region of the PTC characteristic curve of the conversion layer 2 has a hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the plain region including the PTC characteristic curve of the light control layer 1. In the dimming element of the present embodiment, in order to control the light transmittance of the dimming layer 1 by the hydrogen doping amount of the dimming layer 1, if the hydrogen storage amount of the conversion layer 2 is changed by a larger magnitude than the state of the dimming layer 1. The variation in the amount of hydrogen doping required for the change is small, and the optical state of the dimming layer 1 cannot be made sufficiently changed by O:\91\91464.DOC-23 - Ϊ286245. Referring to Fig. 7 °, the dimming element 10 shown in Fig. 7 is switched between the metal reflection type and the transparent shape 宁 ρη, 隹 gt; Therefore, the entire element should have a high transparency X. In order to form a high transparency state, not only the substrate 4 and the electrodes 3a, 3b, but also the material having a high transmittance (no absorption) in the entire range of the visible light region is formed. However, the conversion material such as the hydrogen storage amount is mostly a metal or a coloring material, and it is difficult to form a highly transparent conversion layer 2 from the layer of such a conversion material. Therefore, it is preferable to form the conversion layer 2 by mixing the fine particles of the conversion material with the transparent material. Specifically, the nanoparticle having a particle diameter below the light wavelength can be formed from the conversion material and bonded to the gel resin excellent in transparency; and the conversion layer 2 produced by the conversion layer not only exhibits transparency and hydrogen storage ability. On the other hand, since the surface area of the material is increased by the particle formation of the conversion material, it is expected that the absorption and release efficiency of hydrogen will increase. If the absorption and release efficiency of hydrogen rises by converting the material, the response speed of the dimming action is increased, which is more suitable. As the conversion material of the ultrafine particles, a carbon-based material (CNT, fullerene or the like) or a potassium-graphite interlayer compound or the like can be used. Thanks to the dimming layer! The charge or ion between the conversion layer 2 and the transfer layer 2 is preferably disposed between the light-adjusting layer W conversion layer 2 of the conductive polymer material P1 (a material capable of transporting electrons and holes). Instead of disposing a polymer film having charge mobility, an electrolyte membrane may be disposed. If the electrolyte membrane is disposed, the movement of hydrogen ions is easily caused by the electrolyte, so that the characteristics can be improved. Since the conductive polymer material P1 is doped to impart conductivity to ions, it also has an electrolyte membrane function. It is possible to use a mixed conductive polymer material (IV) and a refractive index of the acrylic resin as a binder resin.

O:\91\91464.DOC -24- 1286245 The equivalent material. Further, the dimming element is not limited to the above materials, and various changes can be made. Other dimming elements i〇A to 10D will be described below with reference to Figs. 9 to 13 . The dimming element 1QA shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 1 can be switched between a metal diffusion reflection (white) state and a light transmission state. As shown in Fig. 10, the light-adjusting element 1A has a structure in which the electrodes 3a, the conversion layer 2, the light-adjusting layer 1, and the electrode 3b are laminated on the uneven substrate 4. In order to perform diffusion reflection, fine convex portions and/or concave portions are present on the surface of the light control layer 1. Referring to Fig. 9, the operation of the dimming element 1A of Fig. 1A will be described. In FIG. 9, for the sake of simplicity, the description of the electrodes 3b is omitted. Since the surface of the light-adjusting layer 1 has fine convex portions, as shown in the left side of Fig. 9, when the light-adjusting layer 丨 is in a metal reflective state, the reflected light can be diffused. On the other hand, as shown on the right side of Fig. 9, when the dimming layer 1 is in a transparent state, the conversion layer 2 located in the lower layer absorbs light. In the example shown in Fig. 9, since the surface of the substrate has fine convex portions, the flatness of the entire conversion layer 2 and the light control layer 1 has a shape reflecting the unevenness of the substrate. In other words, not only the upper surface of the light-adjusting layer 1 (the surface on the light-reflecting side) but also the bottom surface has a shape reflecting the unevenness of the bottom layer. However, since the conversion layer 2 as the underlayer does not need to have a concave-convex structure, the substrate surface and the conversion layer 2 can be formed flat, and fine concavities and/or protrusions can be formed only on the surface of the dimming layer 1. As described above, according to the dimming element 10, when the dimming layer 丨 is in the metal reflection state, the reflected light is scattered and is recognized as white, so the surface of the dimming layer 看 looks white. The dimming element i 〇 a has the same configuration as the dimming element 10 except that the substrate 4 having the uneven surface formed thereon is used. For example, the conversion layer 2 is suitable for using a potassium-graphite intercalation compound of a hydrogen storage material, a conductive polymer material ρι (a material capable of transporting electricity O: \91\91464.DOC -25-1286245 sub-electric/same electric charge) and mixing A binder resin of acrylic resin. Next, another dimming element 丨〇B will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in Fig. 11, in the dimming element 1A, the dimming layer itself serves as one of the electrodes. The light-adjusting layer 1 is basically a metal thin film, so it can be used as an electrode to function as a motor. Since the light-adjusting layer 1 also serves as an electrode, the process of forming the electrode by the channel is simplified, so that the manufacturing process of the light-modulating element can be reduced. Further, the dimming element 10B of Fig. 11 is a transparent-metal reflective dimming element, but even with the other types of dimming elements described above, the dimming layer i can also serve as an electrode. Next, with reference to Fig. 12, other dimming elements 10C will be described. The dimming element 10C has a plurality of layers in which the conversion layer is separated into the first conversion layer 2& and the second conversion layer 2b. In the dimming element of the present embodiment, since a specific element such as hydrogen is doped to the dimming layer 丨 to change the state of the dimming layer ,, if the two conversion layers 2a and 2b are used, the adjustment is performed. The composition of the optical layer 1 will be effectively doped to increase the speed of the state change required for dimming. Since the dimming layer 1 functions as an electrode, in the example of Fig. 12, the dimming layer 丨 is used as an electrode. In the example of FIG. 12, the portion that absorbs and releases hydrogen has a three-layer structure of the first conversion layer, the withering layer 1 and the second conversion layer 2b, but may be more layered. If the light-adjusting layer 1 is a single layer, the degree of dimming can be sufficiently increased by increasing the number of layers of the light-adjusting layer 1 even when the degree of dimming is insufficient. Next, referring to Fig. 13, other dimming elements 丨〇D will be described. The dimming element 10D is provided with a multilayer structure of the conversion layer 2 in order to perform functional separation of the conversion layer 2. As described above, the function of the conversion layer 2 is to store hydrogen, or press

O:\91\91464.DOC •26- 1286245 μ Injecting/discharging, releasing/re-storing chlorine. Fish These functions... It is easier to implement a layer of material. That is, the overlapping of the ions of the various materials is changed into the second transformation formed by the electric charge or the transport material or the electrolyte material and the second material formed by the material having the hydrogen storage function. The layer η is converted to efficiently perform hydrogen movement. j: This will mix the conductive polymer material (4) (which can transport electrons, holes, and materials), and an acrylic resin having a refractive index substantially the same as that of glass, and the charge/ion exchange layer of 4 is used as the first conversion layer 2a. . In addition, the ultrafine particles (dispersion center radius: 1 〇 nm) of the AB5 type MmsUT alloy are mixed with a polypropylene resin having a refractive index substantially equal to that of the glass to form a mixed resin, thereby functioning as a second conversion core. function. Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the display system of the present invention will be described. (Embodiment 1) Referring to Fig. 14, a first embodiment of the display system of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 14, the display system 100A of the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal display element 20 and a backlight (illumination device) 3, which are disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display element 20 (with an observer). And a dimming element 配置 disposed between the liquid crystal display element 20 and the backlight 30. Typically, i is provided for the polarizing plates 40a and 40b via the liquid crystal display element 2A and the dimming element 1A. The liquid crystal display element 20 is provided with i-pair substrates 21 and 22, and a liquid crystal layer 23 provided between them. On the surface of the liquid crystal layer 23 side of the pair of substrates 21 and 22, electrodes 24 and 25 for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 23, and alignment films 26 and 27 for orienting the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 23 are provided; The board 21 is an active O:\91\91464.DOC -27-1286245 matrix type substrate, which is provided with a thin film transistor 28 as a switching element for each pixel. The liquid crystal display element 20 has substantially the same configuration as that of a general transmission type liquid crystal display element, and can be produced substantially in the same manner. However, since the light-modulating element 10 is disposed on the back side, it is preferable that the back-side substrate 2 1 is thinner from the viewpoint of ensuring light transmittance and reducing parallax. In the present embodiment, a glass substrate is used as the back side substrate 21, and after the outer periphery is surely packaged, the liquid crystal display element 20 is placed in a glass etchant' so that the thickness of the substrate 21 is 〇.2 mm. The light control element 10 of the present embodiment has a laminated structure including a light-adjusting layer 丨 and a conversion layer 2, and the light reflectance (optical characteristic) of the light-adjusting layer 1 changes in response to electrical stimulation. The light-adjusting element 10 includes a pair of electrodes 3a and 3b interposed between the light-adjusting layer 丨 and the conversion layer 2, and a substrate 4 supporting the laminated structure. Here, the dimming element (7) is produced as follows. First, a glass substrate was prepared as the substrate 4, and a transparent conductive film having a thickness of 15 Å composed of ITO was formed on the surface thereof by a sputtering method. Further, a plastic substrate can also be used as the substrate 4. Then, the transparent conductive film is patterned into a stripe shape by substantially 15 which is substantially the same as the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display element 2, thereby forming the electrode 3b. Next, an ultrafine particle (dispersion center radius 10 nm) of a bismuth alloy of an AB5 type Mm hydrogen storage alloy, a conductive polymer material ρ (a material capable of transporting electrons and holes), and an acrylic resin as a cement (4) are used. A material obtained by mixing materials having a refractive index substantially equal to that of glass forms a conversion layer 2 on the electrode crucible. This mixed resin can be solubilized, so that the conversion layer 2 is formed to a thickness of about 500 by a spin coating method. Furthermore, hydrogen storage alloy

O:\91\91464.DOC -28- 1286245 is the use of pre-storage hydrogen. Subsequently, on the conversion layer 2, a thickness Μ photo layer 1 is formed by vapor deposition. Thereafter, a transparent conductive film composed of ιτ〇 is formed on the light-adjusting layer 1 by a sputtering method, and the μ is substantially the same as the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display element 20, and is orthogonal to the electrode %. This transparent conductive film is patterned into a stripe shape to form an electrode. The dimming area is defined by the intersection of the stripe electrode 3a and the electrode 3b, and each dimming area corresponds to each pixel of the μ display element 2A. The dimming region 10 and the liquid crystal display element 20 are formed by overlapping the dimming area and the pixels, and the backlight 30 is placed on the back side of the dimming element 10 to obtain a display system. 100 years old. Further, the backlight 3 can be an illumination device used in a general transmission type liquid crystal display device. The display system 1 can switch the light transmission state and the light reflection state of the dimming element (4) by applying electric dust, and the crystal display element 2 can be used as a reflective liquid crystal display element and a transmissive liquid crystal display element. And play the function. Therefore, the optimum display mode can be selected according to the intensity of the ambient light, and in the display system 100A, the switching mode is switched by the switching of the dimming element 1 (), so that the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal display element 2 G have It is not necessary to separately divide into a region of reflected light and a region through which light is transmitted, and it is possible to contribute to display of all of one pixel regardless of the reflection mode display or the transmission mode display. Therefore, compared with the conventional transflective liquid crystal display device, it is possible to realize a display in which both the reflection mode and the transmission mode are bright and high. Therefore, the display system i〇〇a is suitable for use in various situations, that is, multiple scenes. O:\91\9I464.DOC -29- 1286245 Further, in the present embodiment, the electrodes 3a and 3b are patterned to have a specific shape, and the dimming element 10 can independently switch between the light reflection state and the light transmission state. Since the plurality of dimming regions are displayed, the liquid crystal display element 2 displays a plurality of types of assets. The light reflection state and the light transmission state of each of the dimming regions can be selectively switched in accordance with the types of information. Therefore, the display system 1 is suitable for multi-content display. Furthermore, depending on the display elements, it is not possible to require different controls in the reflective mode display and the transmission mode. Therefore, it is preferable that the display element supply a display signal of a different type to a display area which is displayed by modulating the light transmitted through the light-control element, and a display area which is displayed by modulating the light reflected by the light-control element 1 . For example, in the case of the liquid crystal display element 2, in the reflection mode, the light passes through the liquid crystal layer 23 twice, and relatively, in the transmission mode, passes through the liquid crystal layer 23 only once. Therefore, even in the case of representing the same hue, the pixels in the reflective mode are displayed and the dynamic range of the pixels displayed in the transmissive mode.

Range) The electrical signal size that should be supplied to the pixel is also different. In general, the reflection mode can make the characteristic change of light larger with less control amplitude. Therefore, by inputting the signal of the driver for controlling the liquid crystal display element 2 to the reflection mode and the transmission mode, the display signal of the reflection mode is transmitted and transmitted in accordance with the switching of the dimming regions of the dimming element 1 . The mode is selectively supplied to each pixel of the element 2G by the display signal, and the display which is most suitable for the display mode can be displayed on each pixel of the liquid crystal display element 20, and display with higher visibility can be performed. ^ (implementation type 2)

O:\91\91464.DOC -30- 1286245 Referring to Figure 15, a second embodiment of the display system of the present invention is illustrated. The display system 100B of this embodiment differs from the display system 1 Ο Ο A shown in Fig. 14 in that the dimming element 1 is disposed inside the liquid crystal display element 2 . As shown in Fig. 15, in the display system 100B, the dimming element 1 is built in the liquid crystal display element 20. More specifically, when the active matrix type substrate on the back side is manufactured, the dimming element 1 is provided on the substrate 21 by the step of introducing the display element 10. For example, after the TFTs 28 are formed on the substrate 21, the dimming elements 10 are built in the respective pixels. The dimming element 10 can be fabricated in the same manner as the embodiment 1. After the dimming element 10 is formed, the TFT 28 or the dimming element 10 is covered to form a planarization film (cover layer). The terminal is electrically connected to the pixel electrode formed on the planarization film 2 through the via hole 2 9 a '. 24 and TFT28, complete the active matrix type substrate. Then, in the same manner as in the manufacturing process of a general liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 23 is implanted by bonding the active matrix substrate and the counter substrate, and the liquid crystal display element 20 in which the light adjustment element 10 is provided is completed. The display system 100B of the present embodiment can also display both the reflection mode and the transmission mode by switching the light reflection state and the light transmission state of the light control element 1B. Therefore, similarly to the display system 100A shown in FIG. Suitable for use in multiple scenes and multi-content display. According to the present invention, since the dimming element 10 is provided inside the liquid crystal display element 2, the display system can be made thinner and lighter. Further, since the dimming element 10 is provided inside the liquid crystal display element 20, the parallax can be reduced and the display quality can be improved. In the example shown in Fig. 15, the substrate 2 1 is not interposed between the dimming element O: \91 \91464.DOC - 31 - 1286245 10 and the liquid crystal display element 20, so that the parallax caused by the portion is reduced. (Embodiment 3) A third embodiment of the display system of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 16, 17, and 18. The display systems 100C, 100D, and 100E of the present embodiment each have a color filter for color display. The dimming elements 10 or the liquid crystal display elements 20 of the display systems 1 〇〇 C, 1 00D, and 100E are the same as those of the display systems 100A and 100B shown in Figs. 14 and 15 . In the display system 10C shown in Fig. 16, the liquid crystal display element 20 includes a color filter 50. Specifically, the color filter 50 is formed on the side surface of the liquid crystal layer 23 of the front side substrate 22. On the other hand, in the display system i〇〇D shown in Fig. 17, the dimming element 10 includes the color filter 50, and specifically, the color filter 5 is formed on the front side electrode 3a. Further, in the display system ι00 所示 shown in FIG. 18, both the liquid crystal display element 2 and the dimming element 10 include a color filter 5A, and the color filter 5 is formed on the front side substrate 2 of the liquid crystal display element 20. The upper surface of the dimming element 丨〇 is on the front side electrode 3a. The above-mentioned display systems 100C, 100D and 100E are separate color filters

The configuration is different, but all can be displayed in color. The display system 丨〇〇E shown in FIG. 8 has the color filter 5 of both the dimming element 10 and the liquid crystal display element 2, and the color filter has a large coloring effect, so that the color purity can be high. display. (Implementation type 4)

O:\91\91464 DOC -32 - 1286245 A top view of Fig. 19 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the display system of the present invention. The present display system 1 00F liquid crystal display element 2 and the dimming element 10 both include a color filter. However, the color filter 50 of the display system 100E shown in FIG. 8 is formed on the front side electrode 3a. In the present embodiment, the conversion layer 2 of the dimming element 10 also functions as a color filter. The conversion layer 2, which functions as a color filter, is disposed on the opposite side of the observer with respect to the light control layer 1. Further, the conversion layer 2 which functions as a color filter can be formed by, for example, mixing the rGB coloring pigments in the transparent conversion layer described in Embodiment 1. The conversion layer material mixed in each of the RGB coloring pigments can be solutiond, so that the conversion layer 2 can be formed in accordance with the pixel pattern by an inkjet method. Of course, it is not limited to the ink jet method, and it can also be formed by a screen printing method or a roll printing method. According to the present embodiment, the color filter 50 is provided in the liquid crystal display element 2, but on the other hand, the conversion layer 2 on the back side of the light-adjusting layer i also functions as a color filter. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19, when the display is performed in the transmission mode, the light is applied twice (the color filter 50 and the conversion layer 2, each of which is "under") through the color filter and displayed in the reflection mode. 2 times (2 times color filter 5 〇) through color filter. In general, in the reflection mode and transmission mode, the light passes through the % color filter the same number of times. Therefore, the reflection mode display and transmission mode can be made. The display color is close to each other, and the display quality is improved. In contrast, in the display systems 1〇〇c, 100D, ιοοΕ shown in FIG. 16, FIG. π and FIG. 18, the light passes through the color filter in the reflection mode and the transmission mode. The number of times is different, the number of times the light passes through the color filter is twice as high as that of the transmission mode. Therefore, if the color of the color filter is set in the transmission mode

The tone of O:\91\91464.DOC -33- 1286245 is optimal, and the display in reflection mode will be darkened. Further, conversely, if the color of the color filter is set to be optimal in the reflection mode, the color in the transmission mode will be lighter. In the display system 100F, when the reflection mode is displayed, the light passes through the color filter 50 of the liquid crystal display element 20 only twice. Therefore, adjusting the color of the color filter % allows the color of the reflection mode to be optimized. Further, when the transmission mode is displayed, the light passes through the color filter 5 of the liquid crystal display element 20 and the color filter of the dimming element ι〇! § (conversion layer 2') is used once. Therefore, it is preferable to set the color filter 5 色调 to be optimum in the color of the reflection mode, and to adjust the color of the conversion layer 2, and to optimize the color tone of the transmission mode. (Other light-adjusting elements) The above description is a dimming element having a thin film comprising a light-control material as a light-adjusting layer, but a light-adjusting element of a type in which a light-control material is particle-formed may be used. The basic configuration of this type of dimming element will be described with reference to Fig. 20'. As shown in Fig. 2, the dimming element has a laminated structure including a dimming layer and a conversion layer 2, and the light reflectance of the dimming layer M1 changes in response to an external stimulus. For example, the above Y, La, human ν ν τ g2Ni σ gold, γ, La, Mg2Ni alloy and the like migrate between the metal-semiconductor (or insulator) state according to the hydrogen concentration. The light control layer M1 contains, for example, a binder resin. The above-mentioned light-adjusting particles mi are dispersed in a binder resin. Further, the light control layer (4) contains an electrolytic material (such as a conductive polymer) for transporting hydrogen ions or hydrogen from the conversion layer M2. The light-adjusting layer (4) contains particles ml (hereinafter referred to as "precision") of a light-control material whose optical characteristics vary depending on the concentration of a specific element. Better dimming material

O:\91\91464.DOC -34- 1286245 The conversion layer M2 contains a conversion material which can contain specific elements such as hydrogen. The conversion material emits or absorbs the above specific elements (for example, argon) in accordance with external stimuli such as injection (electron or hole) injection/release or light irradiation. This dimming element can also switch between the reflective state and the transparent state by the same mechanism as the dimming element shown in Fig. 5. However, since the light-adjusting layer M1 contains the light-adjusting particles ml, when the light-adjusting particles ml are in the metal state, the light-reflecting mirrors are reflected, but the reflection direction is random, and the entire light-adjusting layer M1 diffuses the reflected light. Thereby, white reflected light is obtained. By particle-forming the light-adjusting material, the following benefits can be obtained. The surface area of the light-adjusting material can be increased as compared with the case where the film composed of the light-adjusting material is used as a light-adjusting layer. Therefore, the reaction efficiency of the dimming material and hydrogen is improved, and the switching at a higher speed can be performed. Further, since it is possible to more reliably control the form of the light-adjusting material contained in the light-adjusting layer, the difference in reflectance between the diffusion reaction state and the transparent state of the light-adjusting layer can be increased. Therefore, if this dimming element is used in a display system, a clearer display can be obtained. Further, in this dimming element, light incident on the light control layer is diffused and reflected, which is particularly advantageous for use in a display system. In order to reflect light, each of the light-advancing particles m 1 preferably has a particle diameter larger than the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, the particle size of the dimming particles ml is preferably 35 〇 nm or more, more preferably 800 nm or more. If it is above 8 〇〇 nm, it is possible to more reliably prevent the visible light from passing through the dimming particles! ^, so that the light reflectance of the dimming layer M1 can be improved. On the other hand, the particle diameter of the dimming particles ml is preferably smaller than the thickness of the dimming layer M1. If the particle diameter is larger than the thickness of the light-adjusting layer M1, the advantage of the above-mentioned light-adjusting material particle formation cannot be obtained. The particle size of the dimming particles ml is better at the core, and the particle size of the dimming particles is preferably 3 or less. If the particle size of the light-adjusting material is, for example, O:\9I\9I464.DOC -35 - 1286245 The thickness of the light-adjusting layer M1 is preferably about 3#m. "As shown in two (4) to (c), the dimming element having the structure of Fig. 2 is utilized by a private load; the main in/out, the gas ion moves between the dimming layer m and the conversion layer Μ] The mechanism can also be used by Ishida to use a mechanism different from this. It can also be used, for example: The error is caused by an electrical chemical reaction, and the hydrogen ions move to the conversion layer (10) and the dimming layer (4). The bonding resin of the dimming layer Μ1 is used as a solid electrolyte, and a solid electrolyte layer may be further disposed between the dimming layer (4) and the conversion layer Μ2. At this time, the conversion material contained in the conversion layer M2 is not necessarily stored or discharged. The material may also react with the hydrogen ion generated by the dimming material to generate a positive or negative ion reaction. Alternatively, the conversion layer Μ2 may not be provided. At this time, the hydrogen ion may be moved to the dimming layer according to the force of the atmosphere. (4) Mechanism between the atmosphere and the atmosphere. ^The perimeter layer M1 may also include a conversion material. In the dimming layer (4), P moves the hydrogen ions between the dimming particles m 1 and the conversion material. Mechanism, the optical properties of the dimming layer (4) are in accordance with hydrogen ions The concentration is changed as shown in Fig. 20. In the above, the hydrogen ion mechanism is 佺 by charge injection/release, and the hydrogen equilibrium state is changed by the movement of charges (electrons or holes). In the case of driving hydrogen, it is not necessary to react with other ions other than chloride ions. Therefore, 'the electrical mechanism involved in the use of complex ions: the mechanism of the learning reaction' has the advantage of faster response speed. Since the chemical reaction is low, the possibility of generating hydrogen gas on the positive electrode side is low, and it is possible to operate stably as an electronic component. Hereinafter, a more specific configuration of a dimming element containing the light-adjusting particles ml will be described.

O:\9I\91464.DOC -36- 1286245 The dimming element 1〇E shown in Fig. 21 has a laminated structure including a dimming layer 丨 and a conversion layer 2. This laminated structure is substantially the same as the configuration shown in Fig. 2(). The light reflectance (optical characteristic) of the light control layer 1 changes in response to electrical stimulation. The dimming element includes a counter electrode 3a, 3b' via a light-adjusting layer 1 and a conversion layer 2U, and a substrate 4 supporting a layered structure. The appropriate voltage can be applied to the pair of electrodes 3a, 3b' by the outside, and the electrodes 3a and 3b can be simply short-circuited as appropriate. Further, in the case where the stacking order of the conversion layer 2 and the light-adjusting layer 1 of the substrate 4 is not shown in (4), the conversion layer 2 may be disposed on the side close to the substrate 4, and the light-adjusting layer 1 may be formed thereon. The fine particles (for example, yttrium, ytterbium, hereinafter referred to as "dimming fine particles") formed of the light-adjusting material whose optical characteristics are changed according to the hydrogen concentration in the light-adjusting layer 1GE' are dispersed in the cemented resin. The conversion layer 2 contains a conversion material that can contain gas. This conversion material can perform electron transfer between the |electrode 3a, and can release/absorb the argon ion (H+)/, and the positive potential is given to the electrode 3a, and the negative potential is applied to the electrode 3b'. The conversion material of the amount of hydrogen conversion layer 2 emits hydrogen ions. The evolved hydrogen ions move in an electric field formed in the laminated structure, and are doped to the light-adjusting fine particles after reaching the light-adjusting layer 1. The mechanism for the release and movement of such hydrogen is as described. The dimming material of the s-peripheral microparticles forms a hydrogen metal compound by combining with hydrogen. As a result, the dimming microparticles in the metallic state are changed into semiconductors or insulators that transmit visible light. The average particle diameter of the dimming fine particles of the third-perimeter layer 1 is, for example, 丄^ claw. Typically, the 'dimming fine particles are dispersed in the binder resin. As the binder resin, an acrylic resin having a refractive index substantially equal to that of glass can be used. Again

O:\91\9I464.DOC -37- 1286245 The first layer i-step contains electrical conduction and the conversion layer 2 is used for the early separation of the moon and the moon. The electrically conductive material can be used as a liquid or solid electric twisted electric mussel temple, which can carry out ion transfer, and can use a conductive polymer (two work bucket, +, X material W (bucket or hole) conductive polymer (for example: P2) or a charge-moving complex. The luminescent layer 1 can be hunted by dispersing the above-mentioned light-adjusting fine particles in a cemented resin solution and preparing a coating solution in which the electrically conductive material has been dissolved, for example: The coating method is applied by applying a coating solution to the electrode 3b by a spin coating method. The thickness of the light-adjusting layer i is, for example, a degree of 3 front. It is also possible to form a dimming by inkjet or its film deposition technique. 1 The light incident side of the first layer 1 may be flat or have irregularities. The dimming layer 1 having irregularities may be, for example, using a substrate 4 or an electrode 3b having irregularities, and calling it on the right side. The coating solution is formed on the bottom layer having irregularities. The thickness of the light layer 1 is preferably 15' or more and 5 or less. If it is not full, it is impossible to obtain a dimming layer with high reflectivity or poem dimming. The particle size of the layered dimming particles is limited. s Γ On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 μ ι, the conductivity of the dimming layer may be low. 曰, the conversion material contained in the conversion layer 2 can store hydrogen atoms or ions in a stable state, * according to the external thorn; 敖, the hydrogen storage amount (holding amount) changes As the material of the β 'stained hydrogen, SLaNi5'MnNi5 'CaNi5, TiMni 5, ^~, △ Shi Guangchai Dingxin ^zhou and other alloys can be used, and carbon nanotubes (CNT;) can also be used. In addition to the 1 L storage material, the conversion layer 2 may also contain an electrically conductive material. If the electrically conductive material is included in the conversion layer 2, it may be connected to the dimming layer!

O:\9I\9I464.DOC -38 - 1286245 ^The hydrogen ion is given. The electrically conductive material can be used as a liquid or a solid electrolyte, and can be used for ionization. It is possible to use a conductive polymer (electron or hole) conductive polymer or a charge transporting complex. Further, a bonding material such as a binder resin may be added to the conversion layer 2 in addition to the above-described hydrogen storage material or electrically conductive material. Furthermore, in order to confirm that the charge injected by the - square electrode is moved to the other electrode as it is, the isolation layer may be inserted between the dimming layer and the conversion layer. The material of the separator should be chosen to move away from the material but not easy to generate charge. For example, an ion, a porous insulator, an ion conductive polymer material, or the like can be used. If an isolation layer composed of such a material is disposed, < elbow correction prevents the electrode from being injected into the opposite electrode, thereby improving the efficiency of movement between the dimming layer and the conversion layer. When the layer 2 is formed of a mixture of a plurality of materials, the conversion layer 2 can be easily formed by a spin coating method or a printing method if it is prepared to dissolve the materials in a solvent solution. The formation of such a conversion layer 2 can also be carried out by his thin film deposition technique. As described above, in the case of the dimming element 1 〇 E, the electric charge and the ion are transferred and received inside the conversion layer 2 by applying electricity to the electrode 3^3b'. 2 and the Yemenu ^ particles cause hydrogen ion movement. Therefore, for example, in the initial state, the dimming sound 1 which is not doped with hydrogen and the conversion layer 2 which is previously stored are applied, and the applied pattern is moved from the positive electrode side toward the negative electrode side to be doped to the dimming fine particles. That is, the nitrogen release reaction is carried out on the extreme side. The combination of nitrogen and metal on the negative electrode side forms a lactometallic compound. Relative to this, if a reverse voltage is applied,

O:\9l\9l464.DOC -39- 1286245 Hydrogen shift occurs in the opposite direction, so that the optical state of the light-adjusting layer 1 can be reversibly switched between the metallic luster and the transparent by alternately applying the polarity of the voltage. The right side only considers the movement of hydrogen stored in the conversion layer 2, and the electrode "and the electrode 3b may be short-circuited outside the laminated structure. Such a short circuit is the same as the discharge of the battery, and the internal state of the laminated structure can be returned to the initial state. Since the conversion layer 2 and the light-adjusting layer 1 have the ability to retain hydrogen, when no voltage is applied (when an external circuit is opened), hydrogen movement does not occur, and the optical state of the dimming layer (the memory function of the dimming layer) is maintained. If a material having excellent hydrogen retaining ability is selected, the dimming state can be maintained for a long period of time without consuming electricity. - Contrary to the above example, it is also possible to use a dimming of pre-(10) hydrogen hydrogen, and a conversion layer 2 in a state in which hydrogen is not stored. In this case, a negative potential can also be applied to the conversion layer 2 by applying a positive potential to the dimming layer, so that hydrogen can be moved from the dimming to the conversion layer 2, thereby changing the optical state of the dimming layer and the dimming material. By using the amount of doping of hydrogen, the light reflectivity/light transmittance of the dimming particles can be controlled by adjusting the amount of light applied to the electrodes or the application time (duty cycle, etc.). , controlling the light reflection of the dimming layer 1 Rate/light transmittance. If memory is used according to the ability of hydrogen material, light rate/light transmittance can also be used. Proper control of storage/release of such hydrogen is not as dimming as shown in Fig. 7 with reference to Fig. 8. Element j 〇, must be shouldered, the main endurance balance pressure is composed of a isotherm (PTC characteristic curve). Regarding the dimming element 10E, it is advisable to cut the PTC area into the plain area of the curve. Layer 1 should preferably be roughly-specific. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer are

O:\91\9I464.DOC -40- 1286245 The “hydrogen storage” range of the plain area of the curve should overlap, and the “hydrogen equilibrium pressure” should be roughly equal. Further, it is preferable that the hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the plain region of the PTc characteristic curve of the conversion layer 2 has a hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the plain region including the ptc characteristic curve of the dimming layer i. Furthermore, McCaw Chart 21. The dimming element 1A shown in Fig. 21 is switched between the metal diffusion reflection state and the transparent state, so that the entire elements should have high transparency. In order to form a high transparency state, not only the substrate 4 and the electrodes 3a, 3b, but also the conversion layer 2 must be formed of a material having a high transmittance (no absorption) over the entire range of the visible light region. However, the conversion material such as the amount of hydrogen storage is mostly a metal or a coloring material. It is difficult to laminate a layer of such a conversion material to form a conversion layer 2 of high transparency. Therefore, it is preferable to form the conversion layer 2 by mixing the fine particles of the conversion material with the transparent material. Specifically, nanoparticle having a particle diameter below the wavelength of light can be formed from the conversion material, and the nanoparticle can be bonded by a binder resin excellent in transparency. The conversion layer 2 thus produced not only exhibits both transparency and hydrogen storage ability. Since the surface area of the conversion material is increased by nanoparticle formation, hydrogen absorption, 龠φ 安, L, and recovery efficiency are also expected to increase. . It is preferable to increase the response speed of the dimming operation by increasing the absorption and release efficiency of hydrogen by the conversion material. As the conversion material of the ultrafine particles, a carbon-based material (CNT, fullerene or the like) or a potassium-graphite interlayer compound or the like can be used. Since the charge or ions are exchanged between the dimming and the conversion layer 2, the conductive polymer material P1 is preferably disposed between the conversion layer 2 and the light-conducting layer. In addition to the polymer film having charge mobility, the electrolyte membrane can be disposed. If this is disposed, the hydrogen ion movement is easily carried out via the electrolyte, so that the characteristics can be improved.

O:\9I\91464.DOC -41 - 1286245 Next, with reference to Fig. 22 and Fig. 23, other dimming elements l〇F, l〇G, 10H including types of dimming particles will be described. The dimming element 1A shown in Fig. 22(a) has a plurality of layers in which the conversion layer is separated into the first conversion layer 2a and the second conversion layer 2b. Since the dimming element described so far is doped by the specific element such as hydrogen in the light-adjusting layer 1 to change the state of the light-adjusting layer 1, the dimming layer is sandwiched between the two conversion layers and 2b. The composition 'will be effectively doped, increasing the speed of the state change required for dimming. Since the light-adjusting layer 1 functions as an electrode, in the example of Fig. 22 (a), the light-adjusting layer 1 is used as an electrode. In the example of Fig. 22 (a), the portion which absorbs and discharges hydrogen has a three-layer structure of the first conversion layer 2a, the light-adjusting layer 1 and the second conversion layer 213, but may be more layered. If the light-adjusting layer 1 is a single layer, the degree of dimming can be sufficiently increased by increasing the number of layers of the light-adjusting layer 1 even when the degree of dimming is insufficient. Since the light-conducting layer 1 has low conductivity and cannot be used as an electrode, the dimming layer may be separated into a first dimming layer la and a second tone as shown in FIG. 22(b). Two layers of the optical layer 11}, and the electrodes 3c are interposed between the dimming layers. In Fig. 22 (b), the dimming element 1 (3, the dimming layer i can be further multilayered. Any of the dimming elements of Fig. 22 (a) and (b) can be laminated in order to facilitate fabrication. Further, the dimming layer, the conversion layer, the electrode, and the substrate have the same configuration as the dimming element 丨〇E shown in Fig. 21 except for the number of layers. The dimming element shown in Fig. 23 is 〇H. In order to perform the functional separation of the conversion layer 2, a multi-layer structure of the conversion layer 2 is imparted. As described above, the function of the conversion layer 2 is to store hydrogen, or to discharge/recharge hydrogen according to charge injection/release, and to perform such work with the work material. Function, it is better to choose different materials depending on each function, heavy

O:\91\91464.DOC -42- 1286245 The layer composed of various materials is more than the rabbit. It is Gu Yi. That is, the conversion layer is separated into a first conversion layer 2 a formed by electroporation or ion transfer, and then a % of the material or electrolyte material is formed, and is right-handed for a long time - The second conversion layer 2b formed by the material of the enthalpy function is effective for hydrogen movement. Here, a U-conducting polymer material ρι (a material capable of transporting electrons and holes) and a charge/ion exchange layer formed of an acrylic resin having a refractive index substantially the same as that of the glass are used as the first conversion layer 2& use. In addition, the ultrafine particles (dispersion center radius 10 nm) of the AB5 type Mm hydrogen storage alloy are mixed with an acrylic resin having a refractive index substantially equal to the surface to form a mixed resin, thereby serving as a second conversion layer hole. Play the function. Furthermore, the functional separation of such a conversion layer can be applied to any of the dimming elements of Figure 2i or Figure 22. The dimming element used in the display system of the present invention is not limited to those listed herein, and can be used by both the light reflecting state and the light transmitting state. For example, a liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal layer composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch〇lestak Liquid Crystai) material or a liquid B element having a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer may be used as the light modulating element. Even when such a liquid crystal element is used as a matte 7L device, the dimming element has a plurality of dimming regions, and has a light reflecting state capable of selectively switching each of the five-week light regions in accordance with the type of information displayed on the display device. The light transmission state can be displayed in an optimum visual mode according to the type of content. Therefore, the display system is suitable for multi-content display. However, the illustrated dimming 70 of the switchable metal reflection state and the transmission state can improve the light utilization efficiency by using the metal reflection state (reflection).

O:\91\91464.DOC -43 - I286245 rate), and it has memory, so it can reduce power consumption. Therefore, by using such a dimming element, it is possible to obtain a system which is particularly suitable for use in a plurality of scenes. *In contrast, in principle, the liquid crystal element using cholesteric liquid crystal reflects only one-half of the incident light (p-wave and s-wave) in the month b, and even if it is transmitted, the light utilization efficiency is low due to the reflected light. . Moreover, the liquid crystal element using the ancient eight-dispersed liquid crystal does not have memory, so it is necessary to apply the electric ink to the crystal layer frequently, which is disadvantageous in power consumption, and the spherical liquid crystal material dispersed in the polymer matrix is combined with the matrix material. The eight reflection conditions determined by the difference in refractive index reflect light, so light in all directions cannot be reflected. Basically = The dimming element in a metal reflective state reflects light from all directions and is highly efficient. Further, if a dimming element (for example, as shown in Fig. 7 and the like) of the specularly reflected light is disposed in front of the display element, the display system can be used as an interior decoration for both the display and the mirror. [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention (4), it is provided that the display mode has a good display characteristic in both the transmission mode and the reflection mode display, and is suitable for use in a multi-view and/or multimedia display. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a display system of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing a state in which the display mode is switched in accordance with the type of content. Fig. 0 Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a state in which the display mode is switched. Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a state in which the display mode is switched.

O:\91\91464.DOC -44- 1286245 Fig. 5 is a mode-based dry-type stop - the composition of the 7C piece is not adjusted. Figure 6 (4) ~ (4) shows the figure 5: face view. Figure 7 is a pattern > - . Schematic diagram of the action of Zhou Xian's piece of equipment m is a sectional view of the dimming element. , Composition isotherm Figure 8 shows the dimming layer ίΡΤΓ4± ^ ^ 得 换 虱 虱 虱 equilibrium pressure (PTC characteristic curve). Figure 9 shows the other in the mouth. Zhou Xian's action diagram. Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing other dimming elements. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing other dimming elements. Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional view of the _, and his adjustment. Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the -, and his fading. Fig. 14 is a view showing the present invention - the first embodiment of the system. Fig. 15 is a view showing the J-face of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment. Figure 7 is a third embodiment of the present invention which is not based on the present invention. Figure 17 is a representation of the present invention. Figure w is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the dimming element of the first board. FIG. 22(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams. Table 8 above, >, 匕S纟 cross-section of other dimming elements of the Zhouguang particles. % of the pieces of Figure 2 3 is a schematic representation of the package, a cross-sectional view of other dimming elements of Zhou Xiange. Schema representation symbol description]

O:\91\91464.DOC -45 - 1286245 1 2,1' 3a,3b 4 10,10A,10B IOC, 10D, 10E 10F, 10G, 10H 20 21 ^ 22 23 24, 25 26, 27 28 29 29a 30 40a, 40b 50

100, 100A, 100B 100C, 100D, 100E 100F dimming layer conversion layer electrode substrate dimming element dimming element dimming element display element (liquid crystal display element) substrate liquid crystal layer electrode orientation film thin film transistor (TFT) planarization film ( Cover film) Through-hole illumination device (backlight) Polarizer color filter display system display system display system O:\91\91464.DOC -46-

Claims (1)

I286t §06726 Patent Chinese patent application scope replacement; ^96 and June 9 repair (吏) is replacing Bei j pick up, patent application scope: 1 · A display system, which includes · dimming components, And displaying the light reflecting state and the light transmitting state; and displaying the component by modulating light transmitted through the light adjusting component and/or light reflected by the light adjusting component to display information; The dimming element has a plurality of regions that can be independently switched between the light reflecting state and the light transmitting state. When the display component displays the plurality of types of information, the light of the plurality of regions can be selectively switched according to the type of information displayed. a light-reflecting element having a laminated structure including a first layer and a second layer, wherein a light reflectance of the first layer is changed in response to an external stimulus; and the first layer includes a first material, The optical characteristic varies according to a specific element concentration; the second layer includes a second material which may contain the specific element, and the second material is in accordance with the foregoing Stimulation, release, or absorption of the particular element. 2. The display system of claim 2, wherein the display element supplies a display signal of a different type to a first display area that is displayed by modulating light transmitted through the light modulating element, and is modulated by the foregoing A second display area for displaying light reflected by the dimming element. 3. If the scope of patent application is the first! The display system of the item, wherein the display element comprises a plurality of pixels; and the countries of the plurality of regions included in the dimming element correspond to each of the plurality of pixels in a one-to-one correspondence. The display system of claim i, wherein the dimming element includes a dimming layer that changes in light reflectivity in response to an external stimulus, and the dimming layer includes optical characteristics according to The first material that varies in concentration of a particular element, the first material being a particle. a display system comprising: a dimming element that can be switched between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state; and a display element that modulates incident light for display; and The optical element has a laminated structure including a first layer and a second layer. The light reflectance of the first layer changes in response to an external stimulus. The first layer includes a first material, and the optical property is a specific element concentration. And the second layer comprises a second material which may contain the specific element, and the second material releases or absorbs the specific element according to the external stimulus. 6. The display system of claim 5, wherein the foregoing The display element is configured to display light modulated by the light passing through the dimming element and/or reflected by the dimming element. 7. If the first or fifth item of the patent application scope is a system of ▲, the aforementioned element is hydrogen, and the first material may be migrated between states. ~ Han Youyuan The second layer mentioned above contains 8. The display system hydrogen storage material as claimed in item 7 of the patent application.义 H m 卜 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -960608.doc -2- 1286245 A generally flat area action. Ίο. As shown in the ninth application of the patent scope (4), in the region where the claw characteristic curve is substantially flat, the hydrogen balance pressures of the first layer and the second layer are substantially equal. U. The display system of claim 1G, wherein the hydrogen storage amount range (4) of the region in which the ptc characteristic curve of the second layer is substantially flat comprises the PTC characteristic of the first layer, and the line is substantially flat. The range of hydrogen storage in the area. 12. If the scope of the application for patents 〖 or 5 is not systematic, the second material 13 is given, and the above-mentioned shirt elements are released or absorbed. The display system of the first or fifth aspect of the patent range, wherein the first material is irradiated by light, and the first member is a member of the first month, and the material is, for example, the patent application range 13=;: prime: release or absorption. Contains materials with photocatalytic properties. In the foregoing, the second layer package B is as in the first or fifth layer of the patent application, and is formed such that the foregoing special system contains one pair of conductive materials to the first material, or The electric field is moved by the aforementioned second material. The first material is moved to the second material mentioned above. 16. One of the 15th items of the scope of the patent application is located in the above! The system of the conductive layer, wherein the first and the 17th, as described in the ls of the patent application, are electrically conductive, and function as a rider, wherein the aforementioned first layer has 18. Item 15: Two; the square of the conductive layer. It is electrically conductive and acts on the system. The + second layer has the same layer as the one. The display system of claim 1 or 5, wherein the second layer is light transmissive. 2. The display system of claim </RTI> or claim 5, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer comprises a multilayer structure. 2 1 · a display system comprising: a dimming element that is capable of switching between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state; and a display component that modulates incident light for display; The dimming element of the first aspect includes a dimming layer whose light reflectance changes in response to an external stimulus; the dimming layer includes a first material whose optical characteristics vary according to a specific element concentration, and the first material is a particle. 22. The display system of claim 21, wherein the display element is displayed by modulating light transmitted through the dimming element and/or light reflected by the dimming element. The display system of claim 4, wherein the first material is capable of migrating between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state in accordance with the concentration of the specific element. The display system of claim 23, wherein the dimming layer diffuses the reflected light when the first material is in the light reflecting state. 25. The display system of claim 4, wherein the particles have a diameter of 350 nm or more and are less than the thickness of the aforementioned light-adjusting layer. 26. The display system of claim 4, wherein the specific element is hydrogen. 27. The display system of claim 4 or 21, further comprising 91644-960608.doc 1286245 element conversion layer 'which comprises a second material which may contain the aforementioned elemental element · the aforementioned second material according to the aforementioned external stimulus , liberating or absorbing the aforementioned specific 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. For example: please show the scope of item 27 of the patent (4), wherein the aforementioned specific element is hydrogen 'the aforementioned conversion layer contains hydrogen storage material. In the display (4) of claim 28, the hydrogen balance pressure-constituting isotherm (pTc characteristic curve) of each of the dimming layer and the conversion layer is operated in a substantially flat region. The display system of claim 29, wherein the gas balance pressure of the light-adjusting layer and the conversion layer is substantially equal in a region where the pTc characteristic curve is substantially flat. The display (4) of claim 30, wherein the hydrogen storage amount range of the region in which the PTC characteristic curve of the conversion layer is substantially flat is a range of hydrogen storage amount including a region in which the sei characteristic curve of the dimming layer is substantially flat. The display system of item 4 or 21, wherein the second material is subjected to electron emission or the like to perform the release or absorption of the specific element. For example, in the system of claim 4 or 21, wherein the second material is subjected to an electrical chemical reaction, the release or absorption of a specific element is indicated. The system includes an electrical layer formed such that the aforesaid specific material is directed to the first material, and the electric field is moved by the second force. 34-Materials to the aforementioned second material $ 91464-960608.doc 1286245 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. The display system of claim 34, wherein ^ The aforementioned conversion layer is located between the aforementioned pair of conductive layers. L dimming layer and the display system of claim 34 of the patent application scope, wherein the foregoing is electrically conductive and functions as one of the aforementioned i pairs of conductive layers "曰/, = patent range 34th of the display system in front of the heart The conversion layer has a conductivity and functions as one of the aforementioned conductive layers, and, as in the application of the fourth (fourth) fourth or 21-shaped display system, has light transmittance in front of the towel. The display system of any one of the present invention, wherein the display element comprises a pair of pairs, wherein the display system of any one of the above-mentioned display elements is included in the display system. And a display system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an illumination device configured to be disposed on the display element The display system of claim 41, wherein the dimming element is disposed between the display element and the illumination device. The display system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aforementioned dimming element is disposed in the display element, wherein the display element comprises: A display system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the aforementioned dimming element comprises a second color filter. 91464-960608.doc 1286245 46. The display system of claim 1 or 5, wherein the display element comprises a first color filter, the dimming element comprises a second color filter, and the second color filter is configured and observed for the first layer 47. The display system of claim 4, wherein the display element comprises a first color filter, the dimming element comprises a second color filter, and the second color filter The aforementioned dimming layer is disposed on the opposite side of the observer. 91464-960608.doc