[go: up one dir, main page]

TWI284055B - Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using - Google Patents

Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TWI284055B
TWI284055B TW092102104A TW92102104A TWI284055B TW I284055 B TWI284055 B TW I284055B TW 092102104 A TW092102104 A TW 092102104A TW 92102104 A TW92102104 A TW 92102104A TW I284055 B TWI284055 B TW I284055B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
microbial
microporous structure
active particles
filter medium
particles
Prior art date
Application number
TW092102104A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TW200400077A (en
Inventor
Evan E Koslow
Original Assignee
Kx Industries Lp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27616509&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=TWI284055(B) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kx Industries Lp filed Critical Kx Industries Lp
Publication of TW200400077A publication Critical patent/TW200400077A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI284055B publication Critical patent/TWI284055B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/022—Filtration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2103/05—
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/39—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with hollow discs side by side on, or around, one or more tubes, e.g. of the leaf type
    • B01D29/41—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with hollow discs side by side on, or around, one or more tubes, e.g. of the leaf type mounted transversely on the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D37/00—Processes of filtration
    • B01D37/02—Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
    • B01D39/2017—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • B01J20/106—Perlite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/14—Diatomaceous earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/165—Natural alumino-silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28026—Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
    • B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3007—Moulding, shaping or extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3042—Use of binding agents; addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the produced sorbent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3265—Non-macromolecular compounds with an organic functional group containing a metal, e.g. a metal affinity ligand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3272—Polymers obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
    • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/0408—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of inorganic added material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
    • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/0416—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of organic added material
    • C12H1/0424—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of organic added material with the aid of a polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/34—Seals or gaskets for filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
    • C02F2307/04—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a pitcher or jug
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/48—Processes of making filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/05—Methods of making filter

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Description

1284055 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於具有微生物攔截能力之過濾介質、包含此 種過濾介質之過濾系統、及製造與使用該介質之方法。 【先前技術】 現代消費者濾水器時常提供“健康訴求”，包括粒子、重 金屬、毒性有機化學品、及特定之微生物威脅之減少。使 用約ι·ο微米結構，此等過濾系統已能夠攔截微生物諸如應 孢子蟲（Cryptosporidium)反梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia) °然而，為 了提供甚至更小之微生物威脅諸如病毒之微生物攔截，具 有次微米微多孔性結構之過濾介質係需要的。先前技藝過 滤系統時常使用具有不足夠小之細孔尺寸及具有不良之物 理完整性之過濾介質，以企圖達成寬廣範圍之微生物攔 截。於對於成功之微生物攔截所需要之必要之細孔結構與 令人滿意之過滤性能所需要之必要之細孔結構之間之平衡 尚未達成。 【發明内容】 發明摘述 於第一項態樣中，本發明係關於一種過濾介質，該過滤 介負包含·包含活性粒子之排列之微多孔性結構，該微多 孔性結構具有小於約2微米之平均流動路徑；及微生物搁截 增進劑，該微生物攔截增進劑包含吸附於至少—部分之該 微多孔性結構上之具有中等至高之電荷密度及大於約 5,000道耳呑（Daltons)之分子量之陽離子性材料、及於直接 鄰近於該陽離-子性材料並亦於至少一部分之謗微多孔性結 83162 1284055 構上之生物活性之金屬。 於另一項態樣中，本發明係關於一種過滤系統，該過減 系統包含··具有一入口及一出口之殼；位於該殼之内於與 該等入口及出口流體相通之過濾介質，該過濾介質包含： 具有小於約2微米之平均流動路徑包含活性碳、活性鋁氧' 沸石、矽藻土、矽酸鹽、鋁矽酸鹽、鈦酸鹽、骨炭、氫氧 磷灰石鈣、鎂氧化物、鐵氧化物、鎂氧、珍珠岩、滑石、 聚合之粒子、黏土、經碘化之樹脂、離子交換樹脂、陶磁、 或其等之組合之活性粒子之微多孔性結構；及微生物攔截 增進劑’該微生物攔截增進劑包含具有高之電荷密度、大 於約5,000道耳呑之分子量及具有與其缔合之相對離子之 陽離子性材料，該陽離子性材料吸附於至少一部分之該微 多孔性結構上，及其中使生物活性之金屬與至少一部分之 與涘1%離子性材料缔合之相對離子沉澱，其中流動通過該 殼及接觸該過濾介質之微生物污染之流入液，具有於自該 π又流動離開之流出液中之微生物污染物之至少約4對數減 少。 於再另一項態樣中，本發明係關於製造具有增進之微生 物攔截能力之過濾介質之一種方法，該方法包含下列步 騾：提供具有約0.1微米至約5,〇〇〇微米之平均粒子尺寸之活 性粒子；以微生物攔截增進劑處理該等活性粒子，該微生 物攔截增進劑包含具有高電荷密度及大於約5,000道耳呑 之刀子量之險離子性材料、及生物活性之金屬；及將該等 、、’二處理之/舌性粒子成型為具有低於約2微米之平均流動路 83162 1284055 徑之微多孔性結構。 再另員態樣中，本發明係關於製造具有增進之微生 物搁截能力之過滤介質之—種方法，該方法包含下列步 驟：提供具有約(U微米至約5，_微米之平均粒子尺寸之活 性粒子；將該等活性粒子聚結成為具有小於約2微米之平均 流，路徑之微多孔性結構；及以微生物攔截增進劑處理該 微多孔性結構’該微生物攔截增進劑包含具有高電荷密度 及大於約5，_道耳吞之分子量之陽離子性材料及生物活 性之金屬。 於另一項態樣中，本發明係關於自流體中移除微生物污 染物4 一種方法，該方法包含下列步驟：提供包含微多孔 性結構之過濾介質，該微多孔性結構包含活性粒子及具有 小於約2微米之平均流動路徑；及於至少一部分之該微多孔 性結構上吸附之微生物攔截增進劑，該微生物攔截增進劑 包含具有中等至高之電荷密度及大於約5,000道耳呑之分 子量之陽離子性材料、及生物活性之金屬；將微生物丨亏染 之流體接觸該過濾介質歷時小於或等於約丨2秒鐘之時間期 間，及獲得具有微生物污染物之大於約4對數去除率（4 i〇g reduction)之流出液。 發明之詳細說明 於敘述本發明之較佳具體實施例中，於本文中將參考圖 式之圖1。 定義 如於本文中使用，“吸收劑”應意表具有吸引物質進入其 83162 1284055 之内部結構中之能力之任何材料。 ‘如於本文中使用，“吸附劑，，應意表具有經由物理方法及 無任何共價鍵結而吸引物質至其之表面纟能力之任何材 料0 如於本文中使用，“黏合劑”應意表主要使用以將其他材 料保持一起之材料。 如於本文中使用，“污染物減少”應意表於流體中之雜質 之減少，該雜質係化學地、機械地或生物學地攔截、移除、 及/或使其不活性，俾能使該流體變成較安全如，例如，用 於人類使用，或較有用，如於工業應用中。 如於本文中使用，“空床接觸時間，，或“EBct”應意表當流 體流動通過粒子之床時，於粒子（諸如，例如，活性碳）與流 體之間發生多少接觸之量度。 如於本文中使用，“纖維，，應意表以高之長度對於直徑之 縱橫比（例如，數百比1)為特徵之固體。纖維之任何討論應 亦認為包括鬚晶。 如於本文中使用，“過濾介質，，應意表執行流體過濾之材 料。 如於本文中使用，“流體，，應意表液體、氣體、或其等之 組合。 如於本文中使用，“攔截，，或“攔截作用，，係採用以意表干 擾、或阻止通過，以求影響、移除、使去活性或改變。 如於本文中使用，“對數減少值，，或“LRV”應意表以於流入 液中之生物數目除以於流動通過濾器之後之流出液中之生 83162 -9- 1284055 物數目之i〇glQ。 如於本文中使用，“金屬，，應意表以包括指定之金屬元素 之鹽、膠體、沉澱、本體金屬（base metal)、及所有之其他 形式。 如於本文中使用，“微生物攔截增進之過濾介質，，應意表 具有微多孔性結構之過濾介質，其中至少一部份之該微多 孔性結構係以微生物攔截增進劑處理。 如於本文中使用，“微生物攔截增進劑，，應意表具有與其 缔合之相對離子之陽離子性材料與生物活性之金屬。 如於本文中使用，“微生物，，應意表可係懸浮於流體中之 任何活之生物，包括但不限於，細菌、病毒、真菌、原生 動物、及其等之可繁殖之形式，包括胞囊及孢子。 如於本文中使用，“微多孔性結構，，應意表具有小於約2〇 微米，及時常小於約1·〇微米，之平均流動路徑之結構。 如於本文中使用，“天然有機物質，，或“N〇M”應意表時常 於飲用水或非飲用水中找到之有機物質，其之一部份降低 或抑制帶正電荷之過濾介質之滲透，或仄他，電位。典型 之NOM係多陰離子酸諸如，但不限於，腐植酸及黃酸。 如於本文中使用，“非織物，，意表具有個別纖維（其等係互 相舖置，但不是於很有組織之方式如於針織或梭織之織品 中）之結構之網層或織品或其他介質。非織物網層通常可係 經由於此技藝中熟知之方法而製備。此等方法之實例包 括，但不限於，及僅當作舉例說明，橡吹、纺絲黏合、梳 理、及氣流舖置。 83162 • 10 - 1284055 如於本文中使用，“粒子”應意表具有膠體至肉眼可見之 範圍内之尺寸，及對於形狀無特定之限制，但通常屬於受 限制之長度比寬度比例之固體。 如於本文中使用，“預濾器”應意表通常於自其他過濾 層、結構或裝置之上游安置及具有於流入液接觸其後之過 濾層、結構或裝置之前減少粒子污染物之能力之過滤介質。 如於本文中使用，“鬚晶”應意表具有受限制之形狀比例 及於粒子與纖維之縱橫比之間之中間值之絲狀纖維。纖維 之任何討論應亦認為包括鬚晶。 微生物攔截增進之過濾介質 本發明之過滤介質具有微多孔性結構，其使用適合之細 孔結構與化學處理之組合而提供微生物攔截能力。該微多 孔性結構包含活性粒子之排列，其具有特定之細孔結構、 以及吸附劑及/或吸收劑性質。該排列可係使用黏合劑或支 持之纖維、及其類似物而形成為一致之介質之結合或固定 之粒子之固體複合物團塊、巨大之結構、陶瓷蝶燭形物、 平直之片板複合物。此等粒子排列可係經由於此技藝中已 知之方法而製造，諸如，例如，擠製、模製、或滑移澆鑄 (slip casting)。使用以處理微多孔性結構之表面之化學處理 方法利用於1%離子性材料與生物活性金屬之間之增效之交 互作用，當組合此等物質時，於接觸後提供微生物污染物 之寬廣範圍減少。由陽離子性材料提供予過濾介質之電荷 有助於微生物污染物之動電學之攔截，而緊密之細孔結構 提供短之擴散路徑及，因此，於流動之流體中之微生物污 83162 -11- 1284055 染物之快速擴散運動至微多孔性結構之表面。微多孔性於 構亦提供微生物污染物之補充之直接機械攔截。由於擴散 對於極小粒子之攔截之顯著之作用，因此於病毒粒子之對 數減少值與流入液於過濾介質内之接觸時間之間具有直接 之關係，而非依賴過濾介質之厚度而定。 微生物摘截增進之過濾介質之特性 為了提供完全之微生物攔截能力，本發明之微生物攔截 增進之過濾介質具有小於約2微米之平均流動路徑，及更佳 係小於或等於約1微米。倘若平均流動路徑係大於約2微 米’則病毒粒子之擴散效率快速地降低及不達成有效率之 微生物攔截。與通過本發明之微生物攔截增進之過濾介質 之流體之流率比較，該過濾介質之體積必須係足夠，以提 供對於污染物擴散至該過濾介質之表面係適合之接觸時 間。為了提供微生物（其之大部分係帶負電荷的）之增進之電 動之攔截，至少一部分之微多孔性結構係以陽離子性材料 塗佈，以於至少一部分之此微多孔性結構上產生正電荷。 該陽離子性材料係屬於足夠之分子大小，以避免活性粒子 之微-細孔及中_細孔之垢積。 天然有機物質（NOM)，諸如多陰離子酸，即，腐植酸或 黃酸，其等可降低或移除於微生物攔截增進之過濾介質上 之電荷，較佳係經由實質上移除該1^〇汹之吸附劑預濾器之 使用而避免接觸該帶電荷之微多孔性結構。將移除之 材料直接組合入微生物攔截增進之過濾介質中，因而消除 分離之吸附劑預濾器之需要，係可能的。而且，視使用之 83162 -12- 1284055 活性粒子之類型而定，微生物攔截增進之過濾介質本身之 上游邵份可自然地減少或移除NOM及避免該微生物攔截增 進之過濾介質之下游部份之功能之損失。 當於重力·流動水過濾系統之情況下使用時，該微生物攔 截增進之過濾介質係以親水性材料製造或以潤濕劑處理以 提供良好、自發之可潤濕性，係較佳的。或者，於其他應 用中’可處理微生物攔截增進之過濾介質，以如需要提供 親水或疏水之特性。微生物攔截增進之過濾介質可具有帶 正電荷及帶負電荷及不帶電荷之區域，及/或親水及疏水之 區域，係可能的。例如，可使用帶負電荷之區域以增進較 不常見之帶正電荷之污染物之攔截，及可使用不帶電荷之 疏水之區域以提供吸引至疏水性表面之污染物之增進之攔 截。 活性粒子 本發明之具有增進之微生物攔截能力之微生物攔截增進 之過滤介質包含具有80x325篩目附隨約20%至約24%盤中 剩餘物（pan)(小於-325篩目之粒子）之粒子尺寸分布之吸附 劑及/吸收劑活性粒子之排列。該等活性粒子可包括，但不 限於，活性碳、活性鋁氧、沸石、矽藻土、矽酸鹽、銘碎 酸鹽、鈦酸鹽、骨炭、氫氧磷灰石鈣、鎂氧化物、鐵氧化 物、鎂氧、珍珠岩、滑石、聚合之粒子、黏土、經琪化之 樹脂、離子交換樹脂、陶磁、超吸收劑（SAP)、及其等之組 合。具有需要之性質之微生物攔截增進之過濾介質可係經 由組合一種或多種之此等活性粒子而獲得。 83162 -13- 1284055 一種較佳之微多孔性結構包含活性碳之活性粒子，該等 粒子本能地抵抗由NOM之垢積及對於吸附於微多孔性結構 之周圍區域中之潛在地干擾之NOM係有效率的，而同時保 護較内部區域。較佳地，該活性碳係經酸洗之以煙煤為基 礎之活性碳。適合於使用於本發明中之市售之活性碳可係 自 Pittsburgh，Pennsylvania之 Calgon Carbon Corporation以 商品名稱 TOG-NDS、或自 Wilmington，California之 California Carbon Company以商品名稱1240ALC獲得。最佳地，該等 活性粒子係由來自Calgon Carbon Corporation之經酸洗之 以煙煤為基礎之活性碳組成，具有如下之粒子尺寸分布： 约3%至約7%，較佳係約5%，80篩目尺寸粒子；約12%至約 18%，較佳係約15%，100篩目尺寸粒子；約44%至約50%， 較佳係47%，200篩目尺寸粒子；約8%至約14%，較佳係約 11%，325篩目尺寸粒子；及約20%至約24%盤中剩餘物， 較佳係約22%盤中剩餘物。 微生物攔截増進劑 微多孔性結構之活性粒子係以具有於該等活性粒子之表 面上產生正電荷之能力之微生物攔截增進劑化學處理。該 化學處理於經處理之表面上產生強之正電荷，如使用滲透 電位分析而測量，及於低於10之氫標（pH)值下維持此種正 電荷。陽離子性金屬錯合物係經由以陽離子性材料處理活 性粒子而於该等活性粒子之至少一部分之表面上生成。該 陽離子性材料可係小之帶電荷之分子、或沿著聚合物鏈之 長度具有帶正電荷之原子之線型或分枝之聚合物。 83162 -14- 1284055 倘若該陽離子性材料係聚合物，則電荷密度較佳係大於 · 、’·勺帶電％之原子母約每2〇埃（較佳係大於約i帶電荷之原 子每約每10埃，及更佳係大於約丨帶電荷之原子每約每5埃） 之分子長度。於陽離子性材料上之電荷密度愈高，則與其· 、’帝口之相對離子之濃度愈高。可使用高濃度之適合之相對 離子以驅動金屬錯合物之沉澱作用。該陽離子性聚合物之· 咼黾荷绝度提供吸附活性粒子諸如碳及重大地反轉其等之 r 正常負電荷之能力。不論於高或低之？11環境中，該陽離子 ， 性材料應對於微多孔性結構均勻地提供高度帶正電荷之表 _ 面’如經由滲透或仄他電位分析器而測定。 足夠地高之分子量之聚合物之使用容許活性粒子之表面 之處理，而對於活性粒子之中-細孔及微-細孔之吸附能力無 嚴重之附隨影響。該陽離子性材料可具有大於或等於約 5,000道耳呑之分子量，較佳係大於或等於1〇〇 〇〇〇道耳呑， 更佳係大於或等於約400,000道耳呑，及可係大於或等於約 5,000,000道耳呑。 陽離子性材料包括，但不限於，成季鹼之胺、成季鹼之 籲 醯胺、第四級銨鹽、成季鹼之醯亞胺、苯二甲烴銨化合物 (benzalkonium compounds)、縮二胍、陽離子性胺基矽化合 物、陽離子性纖維素衍生物、陽離子性澱粉、成季鹼之聚 · 乙二醇胺縮合物、成季鹼之膠原蛋白多肽、陽離子性甲殼 * 素衍生物、陽離子性瓜爾豆膠、膠體諸如陽離子性三聚氰 胺-甲醛酸膠體、無機之經處理之矽石膠體、聚醯胺-表氯醇 樹脂、陽離子性丙晞醯胺、其等之聚合物及共聚物、其等 83162 -15- 1284055 之組合、及其類似物。對於此種應用，有用之帶電荷之分 子可係具有單一之帶電荷單位、並具有連結於至少一部份 之該微多孔性結構之能力之小分子。陽離子性材料較佳地 具有一種或多種與其缔合之相對離子，此等相對離子，當 曝露於生物活性之金屬鹽溶液時，造成於陽離子性表面鄰 近中之金屬之優先之沉澱作用，以生成陽離子性金屬沉搬 錯合物。 胺之典型可係吡咯、表氯醇衍生之胺、其聚合物、及其 類似物。醯胺之典型可係於國際專利申請案世界智慧財產 權組織專利（WO)第01/07090號中揭示之聚醯胺類、及其類 似物。第四級銨鹽之典型可係函化二晞丙基二甲基銨之同 元聚合物、表氯醇衍生之多元第四級胺聚合物、自二胺與 二鹵化物衍生之第四級銨鹽諸如於美國專利第2,261，〇〇2 號、第2,271，378號、第 2,388,614 號、及第 2,454,547號（所有 之此等專利係以提及之方式併入）及於國際專利申請案世 界智慧財產權組織專利第97/23 594號（亦係以提及之方式併 入）中揭示者、聚溴化六亞甲基二甲基銨、及其類似物。陽 離子性材料可係化學地鍵結、吸附、或交聯於本身及/或於 活性粒子。 此外，適合於作為陽離子性材料使用之其他材料包括自 BioShield Technologies，Inc·，Norcross，Georgia可獲得之 BIOSHIELD®。BIOSHIELD®係包含以重量計約5%氯化十八 基胺基二甲基三甲氧基矽烷基丙基銨、及少於3%氯丙基三 甲氧基矽烷之有機矽烷產品。可使用之另一種材料係自 83162 -16- 1284055
Surfacine Development Company LLC, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts 可獲得之SURFACINE®。SURFACINE®包含經由以4,4，-亞甲 基-雙-N，N-二縮水甘油基苯胺（MBGDA)(—種交聯劑）反應 聚（六亞甲基縮二胍）（PHMB)，以將PHMB共價地鍵結於聚 合物之表面而獲得之三度空間聚合之網狀結構。銀，於碘 化銀之形式，係引進入該網狀結構中，及係如次微米尺寸 之粒子陷於其中。該組合係有效之殺生物劑，其可係使用 於本發明中。視活性粒子而定，MBGDA可將或可不將PHMB 交聯於微多孔性結構。 將陽離子性材料曝露於生物活性之金屬鹽溶液中，以使 金屬錯合物沉澱於至少部份之活性粒子之至少一部份之表 面上。用於此種目地，生物活性之金屬係較佳的。此等生 物活性之金屬包括，但不限於，銀、銅、鋅、鎬、汞、錄、 金、链、銘、免、及其等之組合。最佳之生物活性之金屬 係銀及銅。較佳地選擇生物活性之金屬鹽溶液，以使該金 屬與該陽離子性材料之相對離子實質上係不溶於水性環境 中，以驅動金屬錯合物之沉澱作用。較佳地，金屬係以總 組合物之以重量計約0.01%至約2.0%之數量存在。 一種特別有用之微生物攔截增進劑係銀-胺-南化物錯合 物。該陽離子性胺較佳係具有約400,000道耳呑之分子量之 鹵化二烯丙基二甲基铵之同元聚合物、或具有相似之電荷 密度及分子量之其他第四級铵鹽之同元聚合物。於本發明 中有用之氣化二烯丙基二甲基銨之一種同元聚合物係自 Naperville，Illinois之 Nalco Chemical Company，以商品名稱 83162 -17- 1284055 MERQUAT⑧，1 〇〇市售的。該氯化物相對離子可係以溴化物 或琪化物相對離子替代。當與硝酸銀溶液接觸時，銀_胺_ 鹵化物錯合物於該微生物攔截增進之過濾介質之微多孔性 結構之至少一部份之活性粒子上沉殿。 於活性粒子包含活性碳之情況下，陽離子性材料較佳地 具有高電荷密度及足夠高之分子量，以對於活性碳之帶負 電荷之表面基產生強之吸引及高之配位能。而且，於生物 活性之金屬之膠體之存在下，使用活性碳之帶電荷之表面 之增進之攔截係由活性碳之疏水性吸附作用機構補充。此 種疏水性機構對於由NOM之垢積之效應通常係抵抗的，及 於南離子強度之條件下實質上係較有效的。碳表面之未經 處理之部份，由於彼等之富含氧之化學，趨於具有負電荷， 其可繼續吸附帶正電荷之粒子。對於小粒子之航行，帶正 電荷、帶負電荷、及疏水性表面之組合呈現出幾乎不能超 越之障礙。於以微生物攔截增進劑處理碳之後，生物活性 之金屬及其之缔合之相對離子於活性粒子上之存在可係使 用X射線螢光而偵測。 製造微生物攔截增進之過濾介質之方法 本發明之微生物攔截增進之過濾介質可係根據熟諳此技 藝者已知之方法製造。此等方法包括擠製、模製、滑移洗 ~、於底材上固定活性粒子、及其類似方法。示範之方法 係於美國專利第5,〇19,311號、及第5,792,513號中揭示。 活性粒子係使用熟諳此技藝者已知之方法諸如，例如， 喷射塗佈，而以陽離子性材料處理。較佳地，活性粒子係 83162 -18- 1284055 以微生物攔截增進之過濾介質之總重量之以重量計約05% 至約3%，及更佳係以重量計約1%，塗佈。一旦陽離子性材 係塗佈於至少一部份之活性粒子上之後，將該等粒子曝露 於生物活性之金屬鹽。該金屬鹽之溶液滲透入該等粒子 中，以造成生物活性之金屬於活性粒子之至少一部份之表 面上之沉濺。由於與陽離子性塗層缔合之相對離子與塗伟 之金屬鹽反應以生成膠體粒子，因此該沉澱方法將大部分 之金屬膠體精確地沉積於直接鄰接此種陽離子性塗層。金 屬鹽可係噴射於經處理之粒子上或使用熟諳此技藝者已知 之方法而以其他方式塗佈。％離子性材料及金屬鹽之溶液 較佳係以幾乎不含離子之水製造，以使與陽離子性材料缔 合之相對離子係緊密地吸引至經處理之活性粒子之陽離子 性表面上、及消除不受歡迎之離子，該等離子可造成該生 物活性之金屬進入遠離該陽離子性表面之位置中之不受控 制之沉澱作用。 然後過里之水分係自該等粒子移除，通常以加熱或於真 空下，至需要之水分含量。較佳地，倘若該等粒子其後係 使用熱塑性黏合劑而擠製或模製，則水分含量應係小於約 10%，及更佳係小於約5%。 一旦微生物攔截增進劑係塗佈於至少一部份之活性粒子 上之後’將活性粒子研磨至需要之尺寸及與黏合劑材料潛 在地混合’以於將活性粒子固定成為具有需要之微多孔性 結構之期望之最後形式之前，形成均句之混合物。選擇黏 合劑，以使該黏合劑材料之熔點係比活性粒子之熔點充分 83162 -19- 1284055 地較低，以使可加熱該微生物攔截增進之過濾介質以活化 ，黏合劑材料，而同時該微多孔性結構不熔解及因而損失 多孔性。黏合劑粒子較佳係充分均勻地分布於整個活性粒 子中以使後者，於轉化成微多孔性結構之後，該黏合劑粒 子將陷入或結合於實質上所有之活性粒子。 於本發明中，於將活性粒子聚結成為微多孔性結構中有 用之黏合劑材料潛在地可包括於此技藝中已知於纖維、粉 末或粒子形式之任何熱塑性或熱固性材料。有用之黏合劑 材料可包括材料諸如，但不限於，聚晞烴、聚南乙烯、聚 乙埽基酯、聚乙婦基醚、聚硫酸乙缔基酯、聚磷酸乙缔基 酯、聚乙婦基胺、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚氧基二唑、聚三 唑、聚羰二亞胺、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚醚、聚伸芳基氧化 物、聚酯、聚芳酯（p〇lyarylates)、酚-甲醛樹脂、三聚氰胺· 甲醛樹脂、甲醛-尿素樹脂、乙晞_乙酸乙缔酯共聚物、其等 之共聚物及欲段互聚物（block interp〇lymers)、及其等之組 a。以上材料之變異之形式及其他有用之聚合物包括基（諸 如羥基、齒素、低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基、單環芳基、及其 類似物）之取代作用。 於本發明中可係有用之黏合劑之較詳細之表列包括末端 -封閉之聚縮醛，諸如聚（氧基亞甲基）或聚甲醛、聚（三氯乙 醛）、聚（正戊醛）、聚（乙醛）、及聚（丙醛）；丙缔酸聚合物， 諸如聚丙烯醯胺、聚（丙晞酸）、聚（甲基丙烯酸）、聚（丙缔 酸乙酯）、及聚（甲基丙晞酸甲酯）；氟碳聚合物，諸如聚（四 氟乙烯）、全氟化之乙晞-丙烯共聚物、乙晞_四氟乙婦共聚 83162 -20- 1284055 物、聚（氯三·氟乙缔）、乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物、聚（二氟亞 乙烯）、及聚（氟乙烯）；聚醯胺，諸如聚（6-胺基己酸）或聚（ε-己内醯胺）、聚（六亞甲基己二醯胺）、聚（六亞甲基癸二醢 胺）、及聚（11-胺基十一酸）；芳香族聚醯胺’諸如聚（亞胺 基-1，3-伸苯基亞胺基異酞醯基）或聚（間-伸苯基異s太驢 胺）；二苯并蒽，諸如聚-2-苯二甲基、及聚（氯—苯二甲基）； 聚芳基醚，諸如聚（氧基-2,6-二甲基-1，4-伸苯基）或聚對苯 醚（poly(p-phenyleneoxide));聚芳基戚’諸如聚（氧基-1，4· 伸苯基颯基-1，4-伸苯基氧基-ΐ，4-伸苯基異亞丙基-1，4-伸苯 基）、及聚（颯基-1，4-伸苯基-氧基-1，4-伸苯基颯基4,4’-亞聯 苯基）；聚碳酸酯，諸如聚（丙二酚）或聚（羰基二氧基-1,4- 伸苯基異亞丙基-1，4_伸苯基）；聚酯，諸如聚（對献酸乙二 酯）、聚（對i太酸丁二酯）、及聚（對酞酸環伸己基_1，4_二亞甲 基酿）或1(乳基亞甲基_1，4_環伸己基亞甲基氧基對g太酿 基）；聚芳基硫化物，諸如聚對苯硫醚（p〇ly(p-phenylene sulfide))或聚（硫基-1,4-伸苯基）；聚醯亞胺，諸如聚（1，2,4,5_ 私四甲酸醯亞胺-1，4-伸苯基）；聚晞烴，諸如聚乙晞、聚丙 烯、聚（1-丁晞）、聚（2-丁烯）、聚（1-戊晞）、聚（2_戊晞）、聚 (3-甲小戊晞）、及聚（4-甲小戊烯）；乙烯基聚合物，諸如聚 (乙酸乙烯酯）、聚（二氯亞乙埽）、及聚（氯乙缔）；二烯聚合 物，諸如U2·聚-i，3丁二晞、i终π 丁二烯、聚異戊二 烯、及聚氯丁二烯；聚苯乙烯·芬a^ # 邱，及則述又共聚物，諸如丙 烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS)共聚铷士 、物可係有用之聚烯烴包括 聚乙晞、線性低密度聚乙烯、帘^ ^ ^ 聚丙烯、聚（1·丁晞）、聚（2_ 83162 •21· 1284055 丁埽）、聚（1-戊缔）、聚（2-戊缔）、聚（3-甲-1-戊晞）、聚（4-甲-1_戊烯）、及其類似物。 其他潛在地可應用之材料包括聚合物諸如聚苯乙烯及丙 缔腈-苯乙晞共聚物、苯乙埽-丁二缔共聚物、及其他非結晶 或非晶形聚合物及結構。 較佳之黏合劑材料包括聚乙烯、聚（乙缔-乙酸乙缔酯）、 及尼龍。作為黏合劑之特別較佳者係自Equistar Chemicals， L.P·，Tuscola，Illinois，以商品名稱MICR〇THENE®F市售之 等級FN 5 10微細之聚乙晞。 黏合劑可具有約0·1微米至約250微米，較佳係約i微米至 約100微米，及更佳係約5微米至約20微米，之平均粒子尺 寸。黏合劑材料具有比活性粒子之軟化點重大地較低之軟 化點，以使可加熱微生物攔截增進之過濾介質以活化該黏 合劑材料，而同時微多孔性結構不熔解及因而損失多孔 性，係較佳的。 使用之黏合劑材料之數量係視該微多孔性結構如何經由 擠製、模製、或其他方法生成而定。例如，當活性粒子係 擠製或模製成為固體複合物團塊時，黏合劑材料較佳係以 微生物攔截增進之過滤介質之以重量計約丨5%至約Μ%之 數里存在’及更佳係以重量計約17%至約19%。當活性粒子 係於底材（諸如，例如，非織物材料）上固定時，黏合劑材料 較佳係於總組合物之以重量計約5。/。至約2〇%之數量存在， 及較佳係約9%至約15〇/〇。 於粒子、纖維、鬚晶、或粉末形式之一種或多種添加劑 83162 -22- 1284055 亦可係與活性粒子混合，以於微多孔性結構之生成及微生 物污染物之攔截中協助其他污染物或粒子之吸附或吸收。 有用之添加劑可包括，但不限於，金屬粒子、活性銘氧、 活性碳、矽石、聚合之粉末及纖維、玻璃珠粒或纖維、纖 維素纖維、離子交換樹脂、工程樹脂、陶磁、滞石、碎藻 土、活性鋁土礦、漂白土、硫酸鈣、其他吸附劑或吸收劑 材料、或其等之組合。視特定之應用而定，亦可化學地處 理添加劑以提供微生物搁截能力。此等添加劑較佳地係以 足夠之數量存在，以使當生成之微生物攔截增進之過濾媒 介係使用於過濾應用中時，於該生成之微生物攔截增進之 過濾介質中之流體流動實質上不受阻礙。添加劑之數量係 視過濾系統之特定用途而定。 或者’最後之微多孔性結構可係經由將粒子或纖維或此 等混合物滑移澆鑄或濕成型及其後致使黏合劑或粒子燒結 該等成分一起而生成。於某些案例中，粒子可形成彼等之 本身之黏合劑，如於雙組份纖維或低熔點樹脂中。於某些 案例中，黏合劑可係水溶性或可交聯之樹脂或鹽，當容許 其等乾燥、或加熱其等、或容許其等反應時，生成需要之 鍵結。亦可使用化學黏合劑、以及沉澱之黏合劑，諸如某 些磷酸鹽。 利用微生物攔截増進之過濾介質之過濾系統 本發明之微生物攔截增進之過濾介質可係容易地組合入 先岫技藝過濾系統中，此等系統利用固定之粒子過濾介質 如固體複合物團塊、平直、螺旋或摺疊之片版、巨大之結 83162 -23- 1284055 構、或蟻燭形物。較佳地，置於自微生物攔截增進之過滤 介質之上游之粒子預濾器係與微生物攔截增進之過滤介質 共同使用，以於流入液接觸該微生物攔截增進之過滤介質 之前，自該流入液移除儘可能多之粒子污染物。 【實施方式】 實例 下列之實例係提供以舉例說明本發明及不應解釋為限制 本發明之範圍。 多孔性研究係以自 Porous Materials，Inc.，Ithaca，New
York可獲得之自動化毛細管流動多孔計進行。使用由設備 製造商發表之標準程序而測定之參數包括平均流動細孔尺 寸及氣體（空氣）穿透性。空氣之流動係於可變之壓力，對於 乾及濕微生物攔截增進之過濾介質檢定。 微生物攔截增進之過攄介質之細菌激發係使用美國菌種 中心（ATCC)第11775號之大腸桿菌之懸浮液以評估對於細 菌激發之回應而進行。對於病毒激發之回應係使用美國菌 種中心第15597-Bi號之MS2噬菌體而評估。試驗之其他微生 物包括美國菌種中心第4335號之缺陷短波單胞菌 ⑽似Am/⑽仏）、美國菌種中心第9375號之枯草 芽孢桿菌（亦以BG知曉）。使用美國菌種中心之標準操作程 序以用於細菌及噬菌體之繁殖，及使用標準微生物程序， 如於此技藝中熟知，以用於製備及量化於以該等微生物之 懸浮液激發之過濾器之流入液及流出液中之微生物。 個別之過濾器係一式兩份地以每種微生物於改良版本之 83162 -24- 1284055 美國國家衛生基金會（NSF)國際標準53胞囊降低試驗方案 (protocol)之下試驗。此方案係設計以評估過濾器於加速曝 露於微細粒子之期間之功能，以模擬污穢之積聚。過滤器 係以逆滲透/去離子（RO/DI)水沖洗及校正至〇.5至1·〇加命/ 分鍾（gpm)之最初流率。過濾介質之平均流動路徑皆係約ο” 微米至1.1微米。 於試驗之期間’最初之樣本係於試車系統沖洗期間内自 流入液及流出液取樣口抽出，以確保不具有來自未適當地 消毒之試驗裝置之背景干擾。然後以微生物之懸浮液激發 過;慮器’樣本係於最少2升激發溶液之後採取，以確保於取 樣之前，激發水通過整個試驗裝置之流動。 將所有之流入液及流出液樣本如需要地連續稀釋、及以 一式三份地舖於平板上培養。於某些案例中，特定設計之 碳團塊係以數種流率試驗，以確定彼等對於改變之流率之 回應。 具有增進之微生物攔截能力之活性碳團塊過濾器係製備 =下。將20磅之12x40篩目經酸洗滌之以煙煤為基礎之活性 奴，自 Calgon Carbon Company獲得，與3% MERquat® 1〇〇 於去離子水中之溶液緩和地混合，以完整地塗佈碳粒子及 確保MERQUAT® 1GG已吸附於至少_部分之竣粒子上。其 後，將硝酸銀之溶液（70克結晶硝酸銀於1〇升去離子水中） 加入該經贿QUAT1理之碳中，以容許銀以氯化銀膠體 〈形式於碳粒子之至少-部分之表面上之沉澱作用。將铖 處理之碳粒子於⑽乾燥，直到於碳粒子中僅具有低於 83162 -25- 1284055 5 /〇水伤存在為止。乾燥時間於約3至約$小時之間變動。將 乾燥之碳於一雙輥粉碎機中研磨至8〇χ325篩目尺寸，具有-以重量汁約14%之-325篩目盤中剩餘物，及將其與於以重量 計約17%之FN510 (低密度聚乙缔黏合劑材料）混合。於適合 之熱、壓力及溫度條件下，擠製該混合物，如於美國專利 第5,019,3 11號中敘述。使用生成之各種尺寸之碳團塊過濾- 器，以經由使用熱熔樹脂施加末端蓋板而建造水過滤系 · 統，如於此技藝中熟知。 ~ 蔹等過濾器係於最初清潔條件下、然後於污穢積聚後之 _ 間隔檢定微生物欄截功能，於此等間隔，與於原來、清潔 過漉器上測量之流率比較，流率係以25%、50%及75%減少。 為了達成於流率中之需要之降低，利用“名目，，試驗灰塵 激發水。名目試驗灰塵係具有約〇至5·〇微米直徑、及具有 以重量計96%之粒子於此範圍内及2〇%至40%之該等粒子 大於2.5微米之矽酸鹽粉末。當已完成需要之流率降低之 後’減縮名目試驗灰塵激發及以4·0升之逆滲透/去離子 (RO/DI)水沖洗過濾器，以自進入液及流出液管線中移除任 魯 何殘餘之試驗灰塵。然後以微生物之懸浮液激發過滤器， 如以上敘述。 本發明之微生物攔截增進之過濾介質之功效係於以下之 表I及II中表示。 、 83162 -26- 1284055 表i 微生物攔截增進之活性碳團塊過濾介質之LRV 實例 號碼 過濾器尺寸 外徑x内徑x長度 (吋） 流率 (gpm) 缺陷短波 單胞菌(B. diminuta) (LRV) 大腸桿菌 (LRV) 枯草芽孢 桿菌 (LRV) MS2 (LRV) 1 1.85x0.375x2.94 0.50 3.82 2 1.375x0.375x4.735 0.25 8.20 4.83 3 1.85x0.50x2.94 0.75 2.15 4 2.00x0.75x2.55 0.75 4.92 5 2.25x1.00x4.00 0.50 8.49 8.88 8.97 8.35 6 2.40x1.19x9.628 1.0 5.79 7 1.50x0.375x6.055 0.50 8.80 5.31 8 1.50x0.375x6.055 0.60 3.51 9 1.50x0.375x6.055 0.75 8.79 3.16 10 2.00x0.50x5.82 0.50 9.45 9.45 9.46 9.27 83162 27- 1284055
表π 微生物攔截增進之活性碳團塊過濾介質 於最初及減少之流率之LRV 實例 號碼 最初流率 (gpm) 過濾器尺寸 外徑X内徑X長度 (吋） 流率減少 大腸桿菌 (LRV) MS2 (LRV) 11 0.50 2.50x1.25x7.236 0% 8.39 5.14 25% 8.46 5.73 50% 8.48 5.26 75% 8.61 6.99 12 0.50 1.50x0.375x6.055 0% 5.31 25% 50% 7.03 75% 8.17 13 0.60 1.50x0.375x6.055 0% 3.52 25% 4.88 50% 4.89 75% 5.71 14 0.75 1.50x0.375x6.055 0% 8.79 3.16 25% 8.79 4.27 50% 8.76 4.08 75% 8.74 4.86 15 0.50 2.25x1.00x4.00 0% 8.88 8.35 25% 8.88 9.50 50% 8.87 8.34 75% 8.91 8.22 16 0.50 2.00x0.50x5.82 0% 9.45 9.27 25% 9.41 9.25 50% 9.48 9.25 75% 9.44 9.25 本發明之微生物攔截增進之活性碳團塊過濾介質提供較 83162 -28- 1284055 大生物諸如缺陷短波單胞菌（及大腸桿菌及枯草 芽孢桿菌之大於8對數減少。事實上，於所有案例中此等生 物之攔截係為試驗方案之敏感度所不能及。滲透之結 果顯示’於壁厚度與攔截之水準之間無明顯之關係。此表 示對於MS2攔截，傳統之機械攔截機構不是可依賴的。然 而，於對數攔截與過濾器之空床接觸時間（EBCT)i間具有 直接之關係。圖1顯示於最初、清潔過濾器對數減少與 過濾器之EBCT之間之實質上線性之關係，表示具有約6秒 鐘EBCT之需要之擴散攔截機構，俾能於具有約〇·9至約u 微米之平均流動路徑之微生物攔截增進之過濾介質中達成 此種噬菌體之有效之減少。為了此理由，於較低之流率操 作之較大（過濾器比於提高之流率操作之小過濾器較有效 地執行。 雖然本發明係已連同-種特定之較佳具體實施例特定地 敘述，但是由於先前之說明，因此多種之可選擇方案、修 飾及改變對於熟諳此技藝者將係明顯的，此係顯然的。因 此希望’附隨之中請專利範圍將包含任何之此等可選擇方 案、修飾及改變’如於本發明之真實之範圍及精神之内。 【圖式簡單說明】 咸信本發明之特性係新顆的，及本發明之元件特性係於 附隨之中請專利範圍中特定地紀載。圖係僅驗舉例說明 目的及不是按照比例騎。然而’本發明本身，關於組織 及操作之万法，皆可係經由參考隨後連同附隨之圖式選澤 之-種或多種較佳具體實施例之說明而最佳地了解，於附 83162 -29- 1284055 隨之圖式中、 圖1係描繪本發明之微生物攔截增進之活性碳過濾介質 之空床接觸時間相對於MS2噬菌體之對數減少值之線圖。 83162 30-

Claims (1)

  1. 工284够备102104號專利申請案 皮私月分曰修(更)正替換頁j 中文申請專利範圍替換本(96年2月） 拾、申請專利範圍： 1· 一種過滤介質，其包含： 包含活性粒子之排列之微多孔性結構，該微多孔性結 構具有小於約2微米之平均流動路徑；及 微生物攔截增進劑，該微生物攔截增進劑包含吸附於 至少一部分之該微多孔性結構上之具有中等至高之電荷 密度及大於約5,000道耳呑之分子量之陽離子性材料 於直接鄰近於該陽離子性材料並亦於至少一部分之該微 夕孔性結構上之生物活性之金屬。 2. 4. 根據申請專利範圍第i項之過濾介質，其中 由活性碳™、衫、料土、州、= 鹽、鈦酸鹽、骨炭、氫氧磷灰石弼、鎂氧化物、鐵氧化 物、鎂氧、珍珠岩、滑石、聚合之粒子、黏土、經誠化 (樹脂、離子交換樹脂、陶磁、或其等之組合 進一步包含黏合劑。 很爆T請寻利範圍第1項之過濾介質，其中該微 構具有小於或等於約！微米之平均；虎動路徑。 根據申請專利範圍第丨項之過濾媒介 \ 增進劑係經由以具有㈣卜之相料广起物搠 撼走 ^.......香w又相對離子之陽離子性 =理至少-部份之該微孔性結構、接著生物活性之 人至少-邵份之與該陽離子性材料缔合 沉澱作用而生成。 ㈢野離子 5. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之過濾介質， 料包含具有大於或等於約4〇〇,〇〇〇遒耳 其中該陽離子性材 呑之分子量之氯化 83162-9602l3.doc 1284055 一埽丙基二甲基銨之同元聚合物。 6·根據申請專利範圍第1項之過濾介質，其中該微多孔性結 構包含活性粒子之固體複合物團塊、或固定之活性粒子 之平直片板結構。 7·根據申請專利範圍第1項之過濾介質，其中該微多孔性結 構係經由該等活性粒子之擠製、模製、滑移洗鑄、粉末 塗佈、濕成型或乾成型而生成。 8·根據申請專利範圍第i項之過濾介質，其中當流入液具有 /、為過滤介質接觸歷時少於約12秒鐘之空床接觸時間 時，泫過濾介質提供於該流入液中之微生物污染物之大 表Ή對數去除率（6 log reduction)。 9· 一種過濾系統，其包含： 具有一入口及一出口之殼； 位於該殼之内於與該等入口及出口流體相通之過濾介 質，該過濾介質包含： 产具有小於約2微米之平均流動路徑包含活性碳、活性 氧弗石碎义土、碎酸鹽、銘碎酸鹽、敛酸鹽、骨 ，、氫氧磷灰石_、鎂氧化物、鐵氧化物、凝氧、珍珠 岩、滑石、聚合之粒子、黏土、經琪化之樹脂、離子交 換樹脂、陶磁、或其等之組合之活性粒子之微多孔性妹 構；及 ^ 古、物攔截增進劑，該微生物攔截增進劑包含具有 南（電荷密度、大於約5，_道耳吞之分子量及具有與其 、’帝合之相對離子之陽離子性材料，該陽離子性材料吸附 83162-960213.doc 1284055 於至部分之該微多孔性結構上，及其中使生物活性 之金屬與至少一部分之與該陽離子性材料缔合之 子沉澱， 其中流動通過該殼及接觸該過濾介質之微生物污染之流 入液具有於自該殼流動離開之流出液中之微生物污染： 之至少約4對數減少。 ίο. 11. 12. 13. 根據申請專利_第9項之過m其中該微多孔性妹 構之活性粒子係固體複合物團塊、或固定之活性粒^ 平直片板結構。 根據申請專利範ϋ第9項之㈣系統，其中該微多孔性結 構之活性粒子係滑移澆鑄、濕-成型或乾-成型的。 種製k具有增進之微生物攔截能力之過遽介質之方 法，其包含下列步驟： 提供具有約0.1微米至約5,000微米之平均粒子尺寸之 活性粒子； 以微生物攔截增進劑處理該等活性粒子，該微生物攔 截增進劑包含具有高之電荷密度及大於約5,000道耳吞之 分子量足陽離子性材料、及生物活性之金屬；及 將孩等經處理之活性粒子成型為具有小於約2微米之 平均流動路徑之微多孔性結構。 一種製造具有増進之微生物攔截能力之過濾介質之方 法，其包含下列步騾： &供具有約0·1微米至約5,000微米之平均粒子尺寸之 活性粒子； 83162-960213 .doc 1284055 將該等活性粒子聚結成為具有小於約2微米之平均流 動路控之微多孔性結構；及 14. 15. 16. 17. 以铽生物攔截增進劑處理該微多孔性結構，該微生物 攔#^進劑包含具有高之電荷密度及大㈣、咖道耳呑 之分子量之陽離子性材料、及生物活性之金屬。 根據申請專利範圍第12或13項之—項之方法，其中該提 供活性粒子之步驟包含提供活性碳、活性銘氧、滞石、 碎藻土、料鹽、㈣酸鹽、骨炭、氫氧磷灰石舞、鐵 氧化物、鎂氧、珍珠岩、滑石、聚合之粒子、黏土、或 其等之組合之活性粒子，及進一步包含添加黏合劑之步 驟。 根據申請專利範圍第12或13項之一項之方法，其中該處 理之步驟包含下列之步驟： 以具有與其缔合之相對離子之陽離子性材料塗佈至少 —部份之該微多孔性結構或活性粒子；及 糸至4伤之1^微多孔性結構或活性粒子上致使生 物活性 < 金屬與至少一部分之與該陽離子性材料缔合之 相對離子之沉搬作用。 根據申請專利範圍第12或13項之一項之方法，其中於該 處理之步驟中，該陽離子性材料係自胺、第四級銨鹽、 苯二甲烴銨化合物（benzalk〇nium compounds)、縮二胍、 胺基矽化合物、其等之聚合物、及其等之組合組成之族 群中選出。 根據申請專利範圍第12或13項之一項之方法，其中於該 83162-9602l3.doc 1284055
    處理之步驟中，該生物活性之金屬係自銀、銅、鋅、鎮、 汞、銻、金、鋁、鉑、鈀、及其等之組合組成之族群中 選出。 18. 19 20. 根據申請專利範圍第12或13項之一項之方法，其中該成 型或聚結該等活性粒子成為該微多孔性結構之步驟包含 k 擠製、滑移澆鑄、或固定該等活性粒子成為平直之片板 · 結構。 一種自流體中移除微生物污染物之方法，其包含下列步 驟： 提供包含下列之過濾介質 械多孔性結構’該微多孔性結構包含活性粒子及具 有小於約2微米之平均流動路徑；及 於至少一部分之該微孔性結構上吸附之微生物攔截 增進劑，該微生物攔截增進劑包含具有中等至高之電荷 密度及大於約5,000道耳呑之分子量之陽離子性材料、及 生物活性之金屬； 將受微生物污染之流體接觸該過濾介質歷時小於 m 等於約12秒鐘之時間期間；及 獲得具有微生物污染物之大於約4對數去除率之流 出液。 b 根據申請專利範圍第19項之方法，其中於該提供過濟介· 質之步驟中’該微多孔性結構包含活性粒子，該 . 子包含活性碳。 83162-960213.doc
TW092102104A 2002-01-31 2003-01-30 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using TWI284055B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35406202P 2002-01-31 2002-01-31
US10/290,803 US6630016B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2002-11-08 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using
PCT/US2003/000065 WO2003064330A1 (en) 2002-01-31 2003-01-02 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW200400077A TW200400077A (en) 2004-01-01
TWI284055B true TWI284055B (en) 2007-07-21

Family

ID=27616509

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW092102104A TWI284055B (en) 2002-01-31 2003-01-30 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6630016B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1470083B1 (zh)
JP (2) JP2005515892A (zh)
KR (1) KR100917075B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1232333C (zh)
AT (1) ATE390389T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003202859B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR0302962B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2444808C (zh)
DE (1) DE60319952D1 (zh)
IL (1) IL158362A (zh)
MX (1) MXPA03010212A (zh)
TW (1) TWI284055B (zh)
WO (1) WO2003064330A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (162)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5935426A (en) 1997-08-08 1999-08-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc., A California Corporation Water treatment device with volumetric and time monitoring features
WO2000071467A1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for removal of nano-sized pathogens from liquids
US6743273B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2004-06-01 Donaldson Company, Inc. Polymer, polymer microfiber, polymer nanofiber and applications including filter structures
US7270693B2 (en) 2000-09-05 2007-09-18 Donaldson Company, Inc. Polymer, polymer microfiber, polymer nanofiber and applications including filter structures
WO2002070105A2 (en) 2001-03-01 2002-09-12 Phillips Plastics Corporation Filtration media of porous inorganic particles
US7041159B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2006-05-09 Phillips Plastics Corporation Separation apparatus
RU2300543C2 (ru) 2001-05-31 2007-06-10 Дональдсон Компани, Инк. Составы тонкого волокна, способы их получения, способ изготовления тонковолокнистого материала
US7601262B1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2009-10-13 Argonide Corporation Sub-micron filter
EP1401571B1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2006-05-10 Argonide Corporation Sub-micron filter
US7614508B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2009-11-10 Pur Water Purification Products Inc. Water filter materials, water filters and kits containing silver coated particles and processes for using the same
KR100777951B1 (ko) 2001-08-23 2007-11-28 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 정수 필터 재료, 대응하는 정수 필터 및 그의 사용 방법
US7614507B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2009-11-10 Pur Water Purification Products Inc. Water filter materials, water filters and kits containing particles coated with cationic polymer and processes for using the same
US20050279696A1 (en) * 2001-08-23 2005-12-22 Bahm Jeannine R Water filter materials and water filters containing a mixture of microporous and mesoporous carbon particles
US20050263453A1 (en) * 2001-08-23 2005-12-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Water filter materials and water filters containing a mixture of microporous and mesoporous carbon particles
US7615152B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2009-11-10 Pur Water Purification Products, Inc. Water filter device
US7287650B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2007-10-30 Kx Technologies Llc Structures that inhibit microbial growth
US7655112B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2010-02-02 Kx Technologies, Llc Integrated paper comprising fibrillated fibers and active particles immobilized therein
US6835311B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2004-12-28 Koslow Technologies Corporation Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using
US6866704B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2005-03-15 Koslow Technologies Corporation Microporous filter media with intrinsic safety feature
US7112280B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2006-09-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Gas porous polymer filter and methods of use
US7169304B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2007-01-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Porous polymer water filter and methods of use in refrigeration
US7112272B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2006-09-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Liquid and gas porous plastic filter and methods of use
US7029516B2 (en) * 2002-10-24 2006-04-18 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Filters and methods of making and using the same
US7241388B2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2007-07-10 Kx Industries L.P. Means to miniaturize diffusion filters for particulate removal
US7276166B2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2007-10-02 Kx Industries, Lp Fiber-fiber composites
KR100648952B1 (ko) * 2002-12-23 2006-11-24 삼성전자주식회사 탄소 나노 튜브를 이용하는 필터
US20040251125A1 (en) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-16 Yu Eukki Qi Breathing air refreshing arrangement
EP1486244A1 (de) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-15 Mann + Hummel GmbH Filterelement mit hydrophoben Eigenschaften
SI1635661T1 (sl) * 2003-06-13 2011-01-31 Torkel Wadstrom Proizvod za absorpcijske namene
US7326334B2 (en) 2003-10-01 2008-02-05 Instapure Brands, Inc. End-of-faucet filter
USD533622S1 (en) 2003-10-01 2006-12-12 Water Pik, Inc. End-of-faucet filter
US7166140B2 (en) 2003-10-22 2007-01-23 Phillips Plastics Corporation High capture efficiency baffle
KR20060126486A (ko) * 2003-12-04 2006-12-07 액세스 비지니스 그룹 인터내셔날 엘엘씨 정균 유체 필터
US20050167358A1 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-08-04 Eric Taylor Carbon Block Filters
US10188973B2 (en) 2004-04-08 2019-01-29 Research Triangle Institute Apparatus and method using an electric field for creating uniform nanofiber patterns on nonconductive materials to enhance filtration and for embedment of fibers into materials for other applications
US20060021928A1 (en) * 2004-04-12 2006-02-02 David Nelson Efficient Water Filters
US7316323B2 (en) * 2004-05-06 2008-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Filters having improved permeability and virus removal capabilities
US7169466B2 (en) * 2004-05-21 2007-01-30 The Clorox Company Multiple-component binder systems for porous composite blocks
US8167141B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2012-05-01 Brita Lp Gravity flow filter
US20060000763A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Rinker Edward B Gravity flow carbon block filter
BRPI0608618B1 (pt) * 2005-04-07 2015-10-06 Cuno Inc Materiais para filtração de água que compreende uma mistura de partículas de carvão microporoso e mesoporoso e filtros para água com os ditos materiais filtrantes
US20060231487A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Bartley Stuart L Coated filter media
US8016125B2 (en) * 2005-05-20 2011-09-13 Lutek, Llc Materials, filters, and systems for immobilizing combustion by-products and controlling lubricant viscosity
US7967984B2 (en) * 2005-06-14 2011-06-28 Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation Apparatus for water treatment and method of treating water
US7487875B2 (en) * 2005-08-30 2009-02-10 General Electric Company Candle filter assembly and candle filter element
US7850766B1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2010-12-14 Cocona, Inc. Systems and methods for preferentially heating active particles and articles produced thereof
WO2007033173A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-22 Argonide Corporation Electrostatic air filter
US7390343B2 (en) * 2005-09-12 2008-06-24 Argonide Corporation Drinking water filtration device
WO2007041541A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Fail safe mechanism
US7673757B2 (en) * 2006-02-17 2010-03-09 Millipore Corporation Adsorbent filter media for removal of biological contaminants in process liquids
US7442301B2 (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-10-28 Kx Technologies Llc Filter housing apparatus with rotating filter replacement mechanism
US20110073551A1 (en) * 2006-09-20 2011-03-31 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter modules for improved media utilization and use in generally cylindrical housing
USD615150S1 (en) 2007-09-20 2010-05-04 Omnipure Filter Co., Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
EP2076324A2 (en) * 2006-09-20 2009-07-08 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter with improved media utilization and methods of making and using same
USD617869S1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-06-15 Omnipure Filter Co., Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
US9149750B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2015-10-06 Mott Corporation Sinter bonded porous metallic coatings
US20080081007A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Mott Corporation, A Corporation Of The State Of Connecticut Sinter bonded porous metallic coatings
CN101611194B (zh) * 2006-11-16 2013-08-21 多种吸附技术公司 洁净的压制吸着剂片
EP1938690B1 (de) * 2006-12-22 2013-10-23 Preentec AG Sterilisierung und Konservierung von Fluiden
US20090045106A1 (en) * 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Access Business Group International Llc Water treatment system
USD612906S1 (en) 2007-09-20 2010-03-30 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
USD614259S1 (en) 2007-09-20 2010-04-20 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
USD615149S1 (en) 2007-09-20 2010-05-04 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
US20090078628A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-03-26 Stetson Development, Inc. Pool filtration system
EP2203549B1 (en) 2007-10-03 2013-03-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Microorganism concentration process and agent
CN101878294B (zh) 2007-10-03 2014-12-10 3M创新有限公司 微生物浓集方法
JP5684569B2 (ja) 2007-10-03 2015-03-11 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 微生物濃縮プロセス
JP2011504414A (ja) * 2007-11-26 2011-02-10 アンティバック ラボラトリーズ ピーティーイー エルティーディー 抗菌性多孔質基材並びにそれを作製及び使用する方法
US20090194484A1 (en) 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Lutek, Llc Oil Filters Containing Strong Base and Methods of Their Use
JP4952945B2 (ja) * 2008-02-13 2012-06-13 国立大学法人秋田大学 マイクロバブルによる活性炭の再生方法及びその装置
US9306232B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2016-04-05 GM Global Technology Operations LLC In situ fuel cell contamination sampling device
MX2011000356A (es) * 2008-07-09 2011-02-25 Pur Water Purification Prod Filtros de agua de multiples etapas.
USD795390S1 (en) 2008-08-08 2017-08-22 Kx Technologies Llc. Reverse osmosis push filter
US9901852B2 (en) 2008-08-08 2018-02-27 Kx Technologies Llc Push filter with floating key lock
US11426685B2 (en) 2008-08-08 2022-08-30 Kx Technologies Llc Push filter with floating key lock
US8137551B1 (en) 2008-08-08 2012-03-20 Kx Technologies, Llc Push filter with floating key lock
US9233322B1 (en) 2008-08-08 2016-01-12 Kx Technologies Llc Push filter with floating key lock
US20100050869A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Kishor Purushottam Gadkaree Plate System For Contaminant Removal
US20100050872A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Kwangyeol Lee Filter and methods of making and using the same
US9339747B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2016-05-17 Conopco, Inc. Carbon block filter
EP2379738B1 (en) 2008-12-31 2017-01-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Coliform detection process
BRPI0918693A2 (pt) 2008-12-31 2016-07-26 3M Innovative Properties Co dispositivos para amostragem e métodos para concentração de microorganismos
US20110300768A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2011-12-08 Reliance Industries Limited Ethylene adsorbent packaging or barrier material and method of making the same
TWI405604B (zh) * 2009-02-27 2013-08-21 Chien Liang Kuo 金屬離子分離的濾材及其製備方法
USD645538S1 (en) 2009-03-25 2011-09-20 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
USD618761S1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-06-29 Omnipure Filter Company, Inc. Filter block for liquid filtration
CN102449460B (zh) * 2009-04-03 2014-11-12 3M创新有限公司 微生物浓集方法和装置
CN102449136B (zh) 2009-04-03 2014-06-11 3M创新有限公司 微生物浓集方法和装置
EP2246306A1 (en) * 2009-04-27 2010-11-03 Unilever N.V. A method and an apparatus for purification of water
US9386803B2 (en) 2010-01-06 2016-07-12 Celanese Acetate Llc Tobacco smoke filter for smoking device with porous mass of active particulate
US8622224B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2014-01-07 Kx Technologies, Llc Method of making a filter media with an enriched binder
US8980097B2 (en) * 2010-03-22 2015-03-17 Water Security Corporation Filter comprising a halogen release system and chitosan
EP2565210B1 (en) * 2010-04-28 2019-11-06 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Resin fine powder consisting of 4-methyl-1-pentene polymer, composition containing same, and process for production thereof
US10456723B2 (en) * 2010-05-11 2019-10-29 Selecto Incorporated Fluid purification media and systems and methods of using same
WO2012034822A1 (en) 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 Unilever Nv An alumina block filter media
KR20130060368A (ko) * 2010-10-15 2013-06-07 셀라네세 아세테이트 앨앨씨 연기 필터용 다공질 및 그의 형성 방법
CN103228794A (zh) * 2010-12-06 2013-07-31 3M创新有限公司 微生物浓集方法和装置
CN103221550B (zh) * 2010-12-06 2018-05-11 3M创新有限公司 微生物浓集方法和装置
SI2753410T1 (sl) * 2011-09-07 2016-11-30 Kompoferm Gmbh Postopek izboljšanja sposobnosti zaviranja gorenja v filtrirnih napravah
US20130137127A1 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-30 Washington University Dating bloodstains and biological fluids with fluorescence lifetime techniques
EP2604331B1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2017-01-25 Gambro Lundia AB Doped membranes
CN104302378B (zh) * 2011-12-22 2017-05-03 3M创新有限公司 包含含金属颗粒的过滤介质
US9108968B2 (en) 2012-04-25 2015-08-18 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods for producing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene by reaction of a disubstituted carbodiimide and dipropylene triamine
WO2013165983A1 (en) * 2012-05-04 2013-11-07 Ticona Llc Processes and sorbents for separation of gases by cyclic adsorption
BR112014031842B1 (pt) * 2012-06-21 2020-09-15 Baxalta GmbH Método para remover um contaminante viral de uma preparação
HK1208397A1 (zh) 2012-06-27 2016-03-04 阿尔戈耐德公司 鋁化硅質粉末和包含其的水純化裝置
KR102138010B1 (ko) * 2012-10-15 2020-07-28 코웨이 주식회사 수처리 장치의 복합 필터
US11090590B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2021-08-17 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Pre-coalescing multi-layered filter media
US9149749B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2015-10-06 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Pre-coalescing multi-layered filter media
GB2511528A (en) 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 Speciality Fibres And Materials Ltd Absorbent materials
US8664153B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-03-04 Sociedad Oxidquimica Limitada Activated carbon as an adsorbent composition
US20160121249A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-05-05 Arkema Inc. Block products incorporating small particle thermoplastic binders and methods of making same
CA2920381C (en) * 2013-07-12 2019-01-15 Kx Technologies Llc Filter media for gravity filtration applications
CN103585949B (zh) * 2013-11-13 2016-01-13 南京理工大学 一种利用脱硫石膏制备重金属吸附剂的方法
JP5703365B1 (ja) * 2013-12-25 2015-04-15 株式会社ピュアロンジャパン 微小孔フィルタの製造方法
CN104788862B (zh) * 2014-01-17 2017-06-06 曲阜天博晶碳科技有限公司 一种亲水性多孔成型活性炭的制备方法
EP2921216A1 (en) 2014-03-17 2015-09-23 ETH Zurich Heavy metal recycling process and material usefull in such process
US20170066658A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2017-03-09 Imerys Filtration Minerals, Inc. Bop water filter cartridge
US20170014742A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2017-01-19 Imerys Filtration Minerals, Inc. Bop water filter cartridge
CN104005279B (zh) * 2014-04-25 2016-05-25 蚌埠德美过滤技术有限公司 一种韧性大具有抗菌功能的空气滤纸及其制备方法
CN111939678A (zh) * 2014-05-15 2020-11-17 霍林斯沃思和沃斯有限公司 预聚结的多层过滤介质
US20170296952A1 (en) * 2014-05-19 2017-10-19 Mycropore Corporation Ltd. Method for pre-wetting pp filter for filtering slurry and pp filter package
CN104043277B (zh) * 2014-06-23 2016-03-30 江苏金茂化纤股份有限公司 一种用于差别化纤维生产的熔体过滤装置
GB2544218B (en) 2014-07-31 2021-06-23 Kimberly Clark Co Anti-adherent composition
KR102501943B1 (ko) 2014-07-31 2023-03-15 킴벌리-클라크 월드와이드, 인크. 유착 방지 조성물
BR112017001021B1 (pt) 2014-07-31 2022-01-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Composição antiaderente para uso em superfícies, e, lenço
EP3954373A1 (en) * 2014-10-07 2022-02-16 Immunomedics, Inc. Neoadjuvant use of antibody-drug conjugates
CN104261549B (zh) * 2014-10-20 2015-05-06 潍坊华强特种材料科技有限公司 一种海绵铁净水剂及其制备方法与应用
CN104528713B (zh) * 2014-11-22 2020-09-01 河南恒瑞源实业有限公司 一种利用杜仲制备活性炭的方法
EP3271067B1 (en) * 2015-03-19 2020-10-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Guanidine-functionalized perlite particles, articles containing the particles, and methods of using the particles and articles
KR102401730B1 (ko) 2015-04-01 2022-05-26 킴벌리-클라크 월드와이드, 인크. 그람 음성 박테리아 포획용 섬유 기재
CN105457507B (zh) * 2015-11-25 2018-03-09 北京碧水源膜科技有限公司 两亲性嵌段聚合物纳滤膜的制备方法
MX2018008569A (es) 2016-01-28 2018-08-16 Kimberly Clark Co Composicion antiadherente contra virus de acido desoxirribonucleico (adn) y metodo para inhibir la adherencia de virus de acido desoxirribonucleico (adn) a una superficie.
CN105731559A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2016-07-06 惠州市银嘉环保科技有限公司 一种超滤抗菌活性炭棒及其制备方法
CN107297153A (zh) * 2016-04-15 2017-10-27 惠州市银嘉环保科技有限公司 一种阻垢炭膜及其制备方法和应用
GB2565511B (en) 2016-05-26 2022-04-13 Kimberly Clark Co Anti-adherent compositions and methods of inhibiting the adherence of microbes to a surface
US10702797B2 (en) * 2016-06-15 2020-07-07 Hemocleanse Technology Llc Carbon block/filtration bed/conical reactor with fluidized bed system allowing small sorbent particles to regenerate fluid during extracorporeal blood treatment
KR102304264B1 (ko) * 2016-12-06 2021-09-23 엘지전자 주식회사 정수기용 필터 및 이를 포함하는 정수기
CN106512551B (zh) * 2016-12-12 2018-09-21 浙江工业大学 用于水处理的氨基功能化再生玻璃滤料及其制备与应用
DE102017007273A1 (de) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Instraction Gmbh Entfernung von Bakterien aus Trinkwasser über Filtration
JP7206270B2 (ja) * 2017-11-07 2023-01-17 サビック グローバル テクノロジーズ ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ ピストンシステム及びピストンシステムを使用する高圧ホモジナイザー
CN107973372A (zh) * 2017-12-16 2018-05-01 宁波科邦华诚技术转移服务有限公司 一种固载Fe（Ⅲ）的强碱性阴离子树脂除氟滤料
KR102304266B1 (ko) * 2018-01-25 2021-09-23 엘지전자 주식회사 정수기용 필터 및 이를 포함하는 정수기
CN108126662A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-08 彭万喜 一种微环境污染治理的吸附器制备方法
CN108892267A (zh) * 2018-07-02 2018-11-27 郭庆平 一种环保的污水处理装置
US11273397B2 (en) 2018-09-13 2022-03-15 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter base for electronic connection to mating filter housing assembly
CN109576122A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-05 生态集团浙江酒业有限公司 利用沸石净化酒的方法
WO2021003104A1 (en) * 2019-06-29 2021-01-07 Aqua Guidance Technologies, Ltd. Process for forming porous filter media
CN110604827A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-24 郑州大学第一附属医院 一种检验医学用滴片存放装置
WO2021087599A1 (en) * 2019-11-08 2021-05-14 Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique Systems and processes for decontaminating an aqueous flow contaminated with munitions contaminants
USD946700S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-03-22 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
US11413560B2 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-08-16 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Push filter with floating key lock
USD946702S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-03-22 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
USD948660S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-04-12 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
USD946699S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-03-22 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
USD946701S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-03-22 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
USD969270S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-11-08 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
USD946703S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-03-22 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
USD948659S1 (en) 2019-11-18 2022-04-12 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Filter cartridge
JP2021130227A (ja) * 2020-02-19 2021-09-09 株式会社リコー フィルタおよびその製造方法、水の浄化装置、発電装置、並びに発電システム
CN114477979B (zh) * 2021-12-24 2023-04-14 广州蓝日生物科技有限公司 一种具有连续微孔隙结构的实体聚合硅酸盐的制备方法
US20240367149A1 (en) * 2023-05-02 2024-11-07 Koslow Technologies Corporation Composition and Method for Making a Water Filter by Accretion

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2271378A (en) * 1939-08-30 1942-01-27 Du Pont Pest control
US2261002A (en) * 1941-06-17 1941-10-28 Du Pont Organic nitrogen compounds
US2388614A (en) * 1942-05-05 1945-11-06 Du Pont Disinfectant compositions
US2454547A (en) * 1946-10-15 1948-11-23 Rohm & Haas Polymeric quaternary ammonium salts
US4734208A (en) * 1981-10-19 1988-03-29 Pall Corporation Charge-modified microfiber filter sheets
US4682992A (en) * 1984-06-25 1987-07-28 Potters Industries, Inc. Microbicidal coated beads
US4828698A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-05-09 Pall Corporation Filtering apparatus
JPH01170402U (zh) * 1988-05-18 1989-12-01
US5019311A (en) * 1989-02-23 1991-05-28 Koslow Technologies Corporation Process for the production of materials characterized by a continuous web matrix or force point bonding
JP2814266B2 (ja) * 1989-07-12 1998-10-22 日本バイリーン株式会社 微生物吸着材及びその製造方法
US5006267A (en) * 1989-11-08 1991-04-09 The Dow Chemical Company Biocidal fluid filters
JPH0422410A (ja) * 1990-05-17 1992-01-27 Takuma Co Ltd 濾材
JPH05184829A (ja) * 1992-01-06 1993-07-27 Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd マイクロ・カーボン・フィルター
JPH0634796U (ja) * 1992-10-20 1994-05-10 ニベックス株式会社 配管用浄化ユニット
JPH08238307A (ja) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-17 Suntory Ltd 除菌フィルターと無菌室の無菌化維持装置
GB9526395D0 (en) * 1995-12-22 1996-02-21 Procter & Gamble Cleansing compositions
JP3650979B2 (ja) * 1996-02-08 2005-05-25 日本エクスラン工業株式会社 抗菌・抗黴ポリマー粒子
US5792513A (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-08-11 Koslow Technologies Corporation Continuous solid state web coating process
JPH11151484A (ja) * 1997-11-19 1999-06-08 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd フィルターカートリッジ
JP4848574B2 (ja) * 1999-06-16 2011-12-28 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 水処理器用フィルターおよび蛇口直結型水処理器用フィルター
US6190437B1 (en) * 1999-06-24 2001-02-20 Aria Pureair Ltd. Iodinated air filter
KR20020029669A (ko) * 1999-07-21 2002-04-19 데이비드 엠 모이어 미생물 필터 및 수중 미생물 제거 방법
US6187192B1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2001-02-13 Watervisions International, Inc. Microbiological water filter
EP1284930A4 (en) * 2000-04-21 2004-07-28 Watervisions Int Inc FORMATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH EXPANDABLE MATERIALS
US6471876B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-10-29 Kinetico Incorporated Filter media with germicidal properties

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1232333C (zh) 2005-12-21
BR0302962A (pt) 2004-07-06
US20030140785A1 (en) 2003-07-31
CA2444808A1 (en) 2003-08-07
AU2003202859B2 (en) 2008-01-31
KR20040089440A (ko) 2004-10-21
JP2010279945A (ja) 2010-12-16
HK1065303A1 (zh) 2005-02-18
BR0302962B1 (pt) 2012-11-27
TW200400077A (en) 2004-01-01
JP2005515892A (ja) 2005-06-02
MXPA03010212A (es) 2004-03-10
DE60319952D1 (de) 2008-05-08
CN1509257A (zh) 2004-06-30
KR100917075B1 (ko) 2009-09-15
JP5244867B2 (ja) 2013-07-24
WO2003064330A1 (en) 2003-08-07
EP1470083A4 (en) 2005-11-02
IL158362A (en) 2007-09-20
CA2444808C (en) 2009-12-22
EP1470083A1 (en) 2004-10-27
IL158362A0 (en) 2004-05-12
ATE390389T1 (de) 2008-04-15
US6630016B2 (en) 2003-10-07
EP1470083B1 (en) 2008-03-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI284055B (en) Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using
JP4520984B2 (ja) 安全な特徴を内在する微小孔性フィルターメディア
JP2005515892A5 (zh)
JP4726415B2 (ja) 微孔性濾材、それを含有する濾過システム、その製造法および使用
AU2003202859A1 (en) Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using
CN100366316C (zh) 具有提高的微生物拦截能力的过滤介质
ZA200307532B (en) Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using.
HK1065303B (zh) 微孔過濾介質、包含它的過濾體系以及製造和使用方法
HK1090627B (zh) 具有固有的安全特徵的微孔過濾介質
HK1175428A (zh) 用增強的粘合劑製備過濾介質的方法
HK1089713B (zh) 具有提高的微生物欄截能力的過濾介質

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees