1280721 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種串聯電池之電位平衡器，尤指一種晶袼 式電池電位平衡器。 ° 【先前技術】 在大多數的電池應用場合，除了在少數低電壓與低耗能的電 :設，外，皆將電池作串聯使用，此乃因為現今單顆電池電壓不 向，單獨使用時電能損耗較大。舉例來說，在相同負載功率下， f用四顆電池串聯的系統比起採用單顆電池的系統，其電壓與容 量大了四倍，然其所需輸出電流僅為單電池系統之四分之一，如 此为可減少16倍的線路傳輸損耗。使用串聯電池組雖有其優點， 然而=不考慮單電池間彼此特性差異，僅將其視為—個具高電壓 與大容量的“單電池”，則在實際應用上將會整體效能不如原先 所預期。 一夂電池的充放電谷篁、充電轉換效率、初始電量、内阻等 特丨生即使疋同一批生產的產品也無法完全相同，如此直接將這 二具有些微差異的單電池串聯起來使用，或許在剛開始使用時， 不見知性能有何不妥，然而隨著重複充放電使用次數增加，使用 者會逐漸發現電池電源可使用的時間越來越短，常常需要重新充 電，另外在充放電時，覺得電池組的溫度比起新電池時高出許多； 此導因於電池組剛開始使用時，單電池間彼此差異不大，但隨著 充放電次增加時，將逐漸加大彼此的差異，如此惡性循環，=得 特性差的單電池越來越差，導致整個電池組的魏均受限於此些 t性較差的單電池。因此，目前產業為解決前述問題，必須對^ 聯電池組中各顆單電池的電荷狀態（State of Charge，s〇c)進行監 控，並利用電池電位平衡器來平衡單電池間因彼此特性差異所造 1280721 成儲能不均的現象，進而提升電池組實際可充放電量與延長使用 壽命。 串聯電池組中各電池端電壓的大小與電池容量及其所儲存的 電量有關，欲使各電池電壓相等，是一種能量轉移動作；換言之， 即將電池電壓較高的能量消耗或轉移至電壓較低的電池中。在分 類上以能量消耗與否，可分為消耗式與非消耗式兩類電池電位平 衡裝置：前者將電池電壓較高的能量利用開關切換式電阻負載轉 變為熱能或使用開關切換式緩衝電容，達到電壓平衡的目的；後 者採用切換式直流轉換器使能量在電池中傳遞，其理論上若忽略 開關切換損失，可達到無損耗的傳遞。非消耗式電池電位平衡裝 置若以能量轉移是否牽涉總電池能量轉移，可進一步分為總電量 分配法及單元電量分配法兩種：前者乃汲取或灌輸總串聯電池能 量，以平衡各電池電壓，後者則透過相鄰單電池間的能量傳遞， 達成平衡目的。其中，總電量分配法中若採用的電力轉換器為互 相獨立的，則稱為分散型電池電位平衡裝置，相對地，若採用單 一電力轉換器，稱為集中型電池電位平衡裝置。 依先前技術，第一圖顯示一種消耗式電池電位平衡裝置之電 路架構圖，藉由開關的動作，將端電壓較高之電池的能量消耗於 各別電位平衡器之負載電阻，雖然電路架構簡單，但需要對各別 電池端電壓進行偵測且有散熱問題。在非消耗式電池電位平衡技 術中，第二圖顯示一種基於單元電量分配之電池電位平衡裝置之 電路架構圖，基本上以相鄰兩單元電池為平衡機制，將端電壓較 高者之能量傳送至較低者，電路架構具有模組擴充性；第三圖顯 示一種基於總電量分配之分散型電池電位平衡裝置之電路架構 圖，所有的直流轉換器電路為互相獨立的，當電池電壓異於平均 值時，啟動直流轉換器電路，將過高的電池能量抽離而轉移至串 聯電池組或由串聯電池組提供額外能量至較低電壓的電池，因此 1280721 制自由度巧，#四圖顯示一種基於總電量分 位平衡裝置之電路牟椹岡袖田留古士姑 果池電 2 機制，理論上，此集中式均㈣路體積較小、成本 【發明内容】 本《㈣目的之—係提供_種電池電位平衡器之能量轉換 ’將㈣電池組之—電池的能量轉換至其餘串聯電池。、 衡月二目：之—係提供一種適用於非消耗式電池電位平 搿展置之日日袼式電池電位平衡器。 梦罟本的目的之一係提供-種適用於階層式電池電位平衡 裝置之晶格式電池電位平衡器。 十衡 电之=二目广本發明提供一種能量轉換電路，將串聯電池 —電池^ $轉換至其餘串聯電池，具有一第一節點、 :點、一第三節點及一第四節點，其在於 節點為該第一二=之::，關與一第一二極體，而該第三 相關，而該第二節點為該第二二極體 述第-元件開關與第::二―端與一第二端，該第一端接於前 極 、弟—極體之間，而該第二端接於前述第二- 極體與第二元件開關之間。 坪一 其中，該儲能元件為一電感。 四節點中n也之正端與負端分別接於前述第—節點與前述第 別接二中由-單電'也或串聯電池組成之前電池組之正端與負端分 別接於Μ述第4點與前述第_節點。 而刀 ’、*單電池或串聯電池組成之後電池組之正端與負端分 1280721 別接於前述第四節點與前述第三節點。 其中，串聯電池組之之正端與負端分別接於前述第二節點與 前述第三節點。 其中該第一元件開關與第二元件開關皆導通(〇叫時，能量轉 換電路為儲能模式，即單電池將電能儲存於該儲能元件。 其中該第一元件開關導通而第二元件開關關閉（0FF)時，能 量轉換電路為第一釋能模式，該第一二極體因後電池組之偏壓而 截止，該第二二極體因儲能元件之電流而導通，該儲能元件釋放 電能至前電池組。 其中該第一 7C件開關關閉而第二元件開關導通時，能量轉換 電路為第二釋能模式，該第二二極體因前電池組之偏壓而截止， 該第-二極體_能元件之電流而導通，該儲能元件釋放電能至 後電池組。 其中該第-元件開關關且第二元件開關關閉時，能量轉換 電路為第三釋能模式，該第—二極體與第二二極體因儲能元件之 電流而導通，該儲能元件釋放電能至串聯電池組。 本發明提供-種晶格式電池電位平衡ϋ，_等化串聯電池 組之電位，其特徵在於：每一單電池跨接於一旦 等能量轉換電路以晶格式架構連接。、此里轉換電路，該 1=，Γ量，換電路具有一第一節點、-第二節點、-第 ，即及-第四郎點’前述第—節點至第三節點依 元件開關與一第一二極體，而該第二μ ’ ^ ^ ^ 弟一即點為該第一二極體之正 極’刖述4 —㈣至第四節點依序串聯 - 件開關，而該第二節點為該第 ：-極體與-第二元 4-端與m—儲能元件具有 極體之間，而該第-端接# 、 凡件開關與第一二 間。 未知接於"述第二二極體與第二元件開關之 1280721 根據本發明所實施的晶格式電池電位平衡器與能量轉 使產品具有簡單之電路架構而易於製造，且模組化電路细 衣谷易，本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器由於不需變㈣，故 =效率，且可操作於不連續模式而達到零電流切換，減少開關損 外’本發明對於串聯電池組織電位#化之平衡控制策略選 【實施方式】 ，然本發明將參閱含有本發明較佳實施例之所附圖式予以 4述，但在此描述之前應瞭解熟悉本行之人士可修改在 中所描述之發日月’ „獲致本㈣之功效。因此，須瞭解 描述對熟悉本行技藝之人士而言為一 ^ 之 於限制本發明。 。為廣泛之揭不’且其内容不在 請參考第五圖，顯示本發明階層式電池電位平衡 圖。本發明提供一種電池電位平 、 木構 適用於高串聯數電池場合。兮等電鮮複數個電位平衡器’ 位等化，而第二層以後的電位平衡器係進㈣鄰m早 組）間電位等化，其中較高層 ％也、、'且（或群 群組)之電池數量多於較低層電位化的串聯電池組(或 群組)之電池數量。低—所等化的串聯電池組(或 在第五圖所示的實施例中，本發明電 包含九個電位平衡器，用於十二個電池串聯組之例示性 電位平衡H形成三層的階層式架 、…4化’違等 電池串聯之單電池間進行電 日’、位平衡器分別對兩 所以第-層電位平㈣分卿應 ^聯料—群組， 二層電位平衡器分別對：群 士專化早電池間的電位。第 群，、且間進仃電位等化，換言之，第二層 1280721 電位平衡器等化兩串聯電池組 兩大群組進行群組間電位等化，換言之，位平衡器則對 六串聯電池組間的電位。 、 一曰電位平衡器等化 構圖。顯示本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器之電路架 回 又日日〇式電池電位平衡器用以等化串聯電、、也έ且之栗t 池電位或群組（串聯電、、也）雷#丄# 寻亿申聯電池組之早電 ρ电池）電位，如第六圖所示晶 平衡器係等化串聯電池细夕+ 4 心日日軺式電池電位 、、之早電池電位，其中單電池可由一雜細 或一串聯電池取代。本蘇曰 群、’且 量轉換電路，每―旦i 電位平衡器包含複數個能 、 ，此里轉換電路對應單電池或一群組，且該等 量轉tirr格式架構組成，該晶格式架構如第六圖所= 發明二 係 八有四個即點的網絡，分別為節點1、節 點2、即點3及郎點4。該能量轉換電路包含-電感L、第一元 件開關swy第-二極體m、第二元件開關則及第二二極體 D2其中節點1至節點3依序串聯第一元件開關請丄與第一二 極體D卜而第一二極體m的正極為節點3，帛一二極體⑴的 負極接第-元件開關SW1的_端；節點2至節點4依序串聯第 :二極體D2與第二元件開關SW2，而第二二極體⑽的負極為 即點2 ’第二二極體D2的正極接第二元件開關譯2的一端·，該 電感L跨接於第一二極體D1的負極與第二二極體D2的正極之 間。 在本發明的較佳實施例中，電感L為能量轉換電路的儲能 兀件，藉由控制第一元件開關SW1與第二元件開關SW2的導通 (ON)與關閉（〇FF)狀態，可使能量轉換電路操作於儲能模式或釋 能模式。當控制第一元件開關SW1與第二元件開關SW2為導通 時’跨接於節點1與節點4之間的單電池或串聯電池將電能儲存 於該電感L;當分別控制第一元件開關SW1與第二元件開關SW2 12807211280721 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a potential balancer for a series battery, and more particularly to a crystal cell potential balancer. ° [Prior Art] In most battery applications, except for a small number of low-voltage and low-energy batteries: the battery is used in series, because the current single battery voltage is not right, when used alone The power loss is large. For example, at the same load power, a system with four cells connected in series is four times larger in voltage and capacity than a system with a single battery. However, the required output current is only four points for a single battery system. One of them is to reduce the line transmission loss by 16 times. Although the use of the series battery pack has its advantages, however, it does not consider the difference in characteristics between the single cells. It is only regarded as a "single battery" with high voltage and large capacity, and the overall performance will be inferior to the original in practical applications. As expected. A battery charge and discharge valley, charge conversion efficiency, initial charge, internal resistance and other special products can not be identical even if the same batch of products are produced, so directly connect these two slightly different cells together, perhaps When you first use it, you don't know what the performance is. However, as the number of repeated charge and discharge cycles increases, users will gradually find that the battery power can be used for a shorter period of time, often requiring recharging, and during charging and discharging. I think that the temperature of the battery pack is much higher than that of the new battery. This is because the battery cells are not different from each other when the battery pack is first used, but as the charge and discharge times increase, the difference will gradually increase. Such a vicious circle, = the poor quality of the single cell is getting worse, resulting in the entire battery pack Wei is limited to these poor t cells. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the current industry must monitor the state of charge (sounds) of each cell in the battery pack, and use the battery potential balancer to balance the differences in characteristics between cells. The 1280721 is made into a phenomenon of uneven storage energy, which in turn improves the actual charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack and prolongs the service life. The voltage of each battery terminal in the series battery pack is related to the battery capacity and the amount of stored energy. To make the voltages of the batteries equal, it is an energy transfer action; in other words, the energy consumption of the battery voltage is higher or transferred to a lower voltage. In the battery. In terms of energy consumption, it can be divided into two types of battery potential balancing devices: consumption and non-consumption. The former converts the energy of the battery voltage into a thermal energy using a switch-switching resistance load or uses a switch-switching snubber capacitor. The purpose of voltage balance is achieved; the latter uses a switching DC converter to transfer energy in the battery, which theoretically ignores switching losses and achieves lossless transmission. If the non-consumable battery potential balancing device involves energy transfer of the total battery, it can be further divided into two methods: total electricity distribution method and unit electricity distribution method: the former is to draw or inject the total series battery energy to balance the battery voltage. The latter achieves balance by transmitting energy between adjacent cells. Among them, if the power converters used in the total power distribution method are independent of each other, they are called distributed battery potential balancing devices, and relatively, if a single power converter is used, it is called a concentrated battery potential balancing device. According to the prior art, the first figure shows a circuit architecture diagram of a consumable battery potential balancing device. By the action of the switch, the energy of the battery with a higher terminal voltage is consumed by the load resistance of each potential balancer, although the circuit structure is simple. However, it is necessary to detect the voltage of each battery terminal and have a heat dissipation problem. In the non-consumable battery potential balancing technology, the second figure shows a circuit architecture diagram of a battery potential balancing device based on unit power distribution, basically using an adjacent two-cell battery as a balancing mechanism to transfer energy of a higher terminal voltage. To the lower, the circuit architecture has modular scalability; the third figure shows a circuit architecture diagram of a distributed battery potential balancing device based on total power distribution, all DC converter circuits are independent of each other, when the battery voltage is different At the average value, the DC converter circuit is activated to transfer the excessive battery energy to the series battery pack or to provide additional energy to the lower voltage battery by the series battery pack, so the 1280721 system is free, #四图A circuit based on the total electric quantity grading balance device 牟椹 袖 袖 留 留 留 留 Gu Gu Gu Gu 2 electric mechanism, in theory, this centralized type (four) road volume is small, cost [invention content] The energy conversion of the battery potential balancer 'converts the energy of the battery of the (four) battery pack to the remaining series battery. , Hengyue II: It provides a day-to-day battery potential balancer for non-consumable battery potentials. One of the purposes of the Nightmare book is to provide a crystal format battery potential balancer suitable for a hierarchical battery potential balancing device. The invention provides an energy conversion circuit for converting a series battery-battery to a remaining series battery, having a first node, a point, a third node and a fourth node, wherein The node is the first two=::, off with a first diode, and the third correlation, and the second node is the second diode, the first-element switch and the ::: two-end And a second end, the first end is connected between the front pole and the second pole, and the second end is connected between the second pole body and the second component switch. Pingyi, wherein the energy storage component is an inductor. The positive and negative ends of n in the four nodes are respectively connected to the first node and the first one, and the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are respectively connected to the first and second ends respectively. 4 points and the aforementioned _ node. After the knife', *cell or series battery is formed, the positive and negative ends of the battery pack are connected to the fourth node and the third node. The positive end and the negative end of the series battery pack are respectively connected to the second node and the third node. Wherein the first component switch and the second component switch are both conductive (when the bar is called, the energy conversion circuit is in an energy storage mode, that is, the single cell stores electrical energy in the energy storage component. wherein the first component switch is turned on and the second component switch is turned on When turned off (0FF), the energy conversion circuit is in a first release mode, the first diode is turned off due to the bias of the rear battery pack, and the second diode is turned on due to the current of the energy storage element, the energy storage The component releases power to the front battery pack. When the first 7C switch is turned off and the second component switch is turned on, the energy conversion circuit is in the second release mode, and the second diode is turned off due to the bias of the front battery pack. The first diode is electrically connected to the energy component, and the energy storage device releases electrical energy to the rear battery pack. When the first component switch is turned off and the second component switch is turned off, the energy conversion circuit is in a third energy release mode. The first diode and the second diode are turned on by the current of the energy storage component, and the energy storage component discharges electrical energy to the battery pack in series. The invention provides a seed cell format potential balance, _ equalization series battery pack Potential, The characteristic is that each single cell is connected in a crystal format structure once the equal energy conversion circuit is connected. Here, the conversion circuit, the 1=, the quantity, the circuit has a first node, a second node, a -, That is, the -fourth point 'the aforementioned node-to-third node depends on the component switch and a first diode, and the second μ' ^ ^ ^ is one of the positive poles of the first diode. Descrição 4 - (4) to the fourth node are sequentially connected in series, and the second node is between the first: - pole body and - the second element 4-terminal and the m - energy storage element has a pole body, and the First-termination #, 凡-switch and first two. Unknown to "second diode and second component switch 1280721 crystal format battery potential balancer and energy transfer product implemented according to the present invention The invention has a simple circuit structure and is easy to manufacture, and the modular circuit is easy to use. The crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention does not need to change (4), so = efficiency, and can operate in a discontinuous mode to achieve zero current switching. Reduce the switching loss' the balance of the invention for the serial battery tissue potential The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings containing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but it should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the date described in the description. The monthly ' „ ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” The present invention provides a battery potential balance diagram. The invention provides a battery potential flat and wood structure suitable for a high series number battery. The 兮 equal power and a plurality of potential balancers are equalized, and the potential balancer after the second layer Inter-potential equalization of the (four) o-m early group, where the higher layer %, the 'and (or group) battery number is more than the lower layer potential of the series battery (or group) . Low-equalized series battery pack (or in the embodiment shown in the fifth figure, the present invention comprises nine potential balancers for exemplary potential balance H of twelve battery series groups forming a three-layer Hierarchical frame, ... 4 "discontinued battery cells in series connected to the battery", the position balancer respectively, so the first-level potential level (four) points should be ^ joint material - group, two-layer potential balancer respectively Yes: Groups specialize in the potential between the early batteries. The first group, and the intervening potentials are equalized, in other words, the second layer 1280721 potentiometer equalizes two large groups of two series of battery packs to equalize the potential between groups. In other words, the position balancer compares the potential between the six series battery packs, the one-potential balancer, etc. The circuit frame of the crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention is displayed, and the battery potential balancer is used for waiting. The series is connected to electricity, and also the pumping potential or group of the pump (series, and also) ############################################################# System equalization series battery fine eve + 4 heart day and day The cell potential early ,, potential, wherein the cell may be a substituted or a heteroaryl fine tandem cell. The Susu group, the 'quantity conversion circuit, each of the i potential balancers comprises a plurality of energy, wherein the conversion circuit corresponds to a single cell or a group, and the equal amount of the tirr format architecture is formed, the crystal format architecture As shown in the sixth figure, the invention has two networks of four points, namely node 1, node 2, point 3 and lang point 4. The energy conversion circuit includes an inductor L, a first component switch swy first-dipole m, a second component switch, and a second diode D2, wherein the nodes 1 to 3 are serially connected in series with the first component switch. The anode of the first diode m is the node 3, the cathode of the first diode (1) is connected to the _ terminal of the first-element switch SW1, and the node 2 to the node 4 are serially connected in series: the diode D2 and the second component switch SW2, and the negative pole of the second diode (10) is the point 2 'the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the end of the second component switch 2, and the inductor L is connected to the first two Between the negative electrode of the polar body D1 and the positive electrode of the second diode D2. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inductor L is an energy storage component of the energy conversion circuit, and the ON (ON) and OFF (〇FF) states of the first component switch SW1 and the second component switch SW2 are controlled. The energy conversion circuit is operated in an energy storage mode or a release mode. When controlling the first component switch SW1 and the second component switch SW2 to be conductive, a single cell or a series battery connected between the node 1 and the node 4 stores electrical energy in the inductance L; when respectively controlling the first component switch SW1 and Second component switch SW2 1280721
為關閉或其一開關導ι α Q 间關導通而另一開關關閉時，則視第一二極體D1 與第二二極體D2的導诵七# . 、或截止狀悲’將由不同的兩節點釋放雷 感L的電能。此外，在呈 一 隹/、體實施例中，弟一 7L件開關與第二元件 開關可由絕緣閑雙極電晶體（IGBT，insulated gate bip· 或閘關閘流體（GT〇)或雜制整流晶體（SCR)等功率 半導體元件開關來實施。 明參考第八圖，顯示本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器之電路架 構圖，其中—能量轉換電路清楚揭示電路架構。根據本發明晶格 式電池電位平衡器’可進行串聯電池組之電位等化，而每一能量 轉換電路可將單電池或—群組（串聯電池）之電能轉換至其餘串 聯電池。在第人圖所示的實施例，串聯電池組係依序由前電池 、、且儲此電池與後電池組串聯組成，儲能電池跨接於晶格式架構 中其一能量轉換電路的節點i與節點4。當第一元件開關SW1 與第二元件開關SW2為導通時，能量轉換電路操作於儲能模式， 儲能電池的儲能電流,·沿儲能電流路徑41將電能儲存於電感l。 緊接著參考第九圖，顯示本發明能量轉換電路之釋能電流路 徑圖，而其餘的能量轉換電路未繪出。當第一元件開關SW1為 導通而第二元件開關SW2為關閉時，能量轉換電路為第一釋能 模式，弟一 一極體〇1因儲能電池與後電池組串聯電位之偏壓而 截止，第二二極體D2導通，電感L的釋能電流/沿儲能電流路 徑42將電能釋能至前電池組。 當第一元件開關SW1為關閉而第二元件開關SW2為導通 時’能量轉換電路為第二釋能模式，第二二極體D2因前電池組 與儲能電池串聯電位之偏壓而截止，第一二極體D1導通，電感 L的釋能電流/·沿儲能電流路徑43將電能釋能至後電池組。 當第一元件開關SW1為關閉且第二元件開關SW2為關閉 時’能量轉換電路為第三釋能模式，第一二極體D1及第二二極 11 1280721 體D2導通’電感L的釋能電流，·沿儲能電流路徑44將 至串聯電池組。 最後s乡考弟十圖，顯示本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器具體 實施例之電路架構圖。此—實施例以三個能量轉換電路 組成晶格式架構為例，且每—能量轉換電路可對應單電池或串聯 電池，其中對應第-個單電池或第一組串聯電池之能量轉換電路 11的節點,1與玲點2相連接，該能量轉換電路u只可操作第二 與第三種釋能模式，將儲存電能釋放至後電池組或全部的串聯電 池組；對應最後-個單電池或最後一組串聯電池之能量轉換電路 13的節點3與節點4相連接，該能量轉換電路13只可操作第一 與第三種釋能模式，將儲存電能釋放至前電池組或全部的串聯電 池組。 第十圖所示的晶格式電池電位平衡器可應用於第五圖所示的 階層式電池電位平衡裝置。當能量轉換電路u，12，13分別對應單 電池時，則此晶格式電池電位平衡器則實施階層式電池電位平衡 裝置的第一層電位平衡器；當能量轉換電路u，12，13分別對應由 兩個以上電池組成的串聯電池時，則此晶格式電池電位平衡器則 實施階層式電池電位平衡裝置的第二層電位平衡器或較高層電位 平衡器。 主在詳細說明本發明的較佳實施例之後，熟悉該項技術人士可 清楚的瞭解，在不脫離下述申請專利範圍與精神下可進行各種變 化與改變，而本發明亦不受限於說明書之所舉實施例的實施方 式，例如：晶格式電池電位平衡器的能量轉換電路可對應單電池 或串聯電池；晶格式電池電位平衡器亦可適用基於單元電量分配 之電池電位平衡裝置。 12 1280721 【圖式簡單說明】 苐一圖為消耗式電池電位平衡裳置之電路架構圖。 第二圖為基於單元電量分配之電池電位平衡裝置之電路穴 構圖。 - 第三圖為基於總電量分配之分散型電池電位平衡裝置之 路架構圖。 、义 第四圖為基於總電量分配之集中型電池電位平衡裝置之 路架構圖。 第五圖為本發明階層式電池電位平衡電路架構圖。 第六圖為本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器之電路架構圖。 第七圖為本發明能量轉換電路之電路架構圖。 —…第八圖為本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器之電路架構圖，其中 月匕里轉換電路清楚揭示儲能電流路徑。 第九圖為本發明能量轉換電路之i能電流路徑圖。 弟十圖為本發明晶格式電池電位平衡器具體實施例之電路 禾稱圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 直流電源 2—電位平衡器 3 —電池 4…群組或串聯電池 5…階層式架構 1〇，U，12，13-—能量轉換電路 20—晶格式架構 3〇—儲能電池 31—-前電池組 32…後電池組 13 1280721 41 —儲能電流路徑 42,43,44…釋能電流路徑When the switch is turned off or its switch is turned on and the other switch is turned off, then the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are turned on seven #., or the cutoff is sad. The two nodes release the power of the lightning sensation L. In addition, in the embodiment, the 7L switch and the second component switch can be insulated by a bipolar transistor (IGBT, insulated gate bip or gate shutoff fluid (GT〇) or hybrid rectification. A power semiconductor device switch such as a crystal (SCR) is implemented. Referring to the eighth figure, a circuit diagram of the crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention is shown, wherein the energy conversion circuit clearly reveals the circuit architecture. According to the present invention, the crystal format battery potential balance The device 'can perform equalization of the potential of the series battery pack, and each energy conversion circuit can convert the electric energy of the single cell or the group (series battery) to the remaining series battery. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the series battery The group consists of a front battery, and the battery is connected in series with the rear battery pack. The energy storage battery is connected to the node i and the node 4 of an energy conversion circuit in the crystal format architecture. When the first component switch SW1 and the first component When the two-element switch SW2 is turned on, the energy conversion circuit operates in the energy storage mode, the energy storage current of the energy storage battery, and the electric energy is stored in the inductance l along the energy storage current path 41. The ninth diagram shows the release current path diagram of the energy conversion circuit of the present invention, and the remaining energy conversion circuits are not shown. When the first component switch SW1 is turned on and the second component switch SW2 is turned off, the energy conversion circuit is In the first release mode, the first one is turned off due to the bias of the series connection potential of the energy storage battery and the rear battery pack, and the second diode D2 is turned on, and the release current of the inductor L / along the energy storage current path 42 The electric energy is discharged to the front battery pack. When the first component switch SW1 is turned off and the second component switch SW2 is turned on, the energy conversion circuit is in the second release mode, and the second diode D2 is due to the front battery pack and the energy storage. The battery is switched off in series with the bias voltage, the first diode D1 is turned on, and the discharge current of the inductor L is discharged to the rear battery pack along the energy storage current path 43. When the first component switch SW1 is turned off and the first When the two-element switch SW2 is off, the energy conversion circuit is in the third release mode, and the first diode D1 and the second diode 11 1280721 body D2 conduct the release current of the inductor L, and along the energy storage current path 44 To the battery pack in series. The circuit architecture diagram of the specific embodiment of the crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention is shown. The embodiment uses three energy conversion circuits to form a crystal format architecture as an example, and each energy conversion circuit can correspond to a single battery or a series battery, wherein Corresponding to the node of the energy conversion circuit 11 of the first single battery or the first series of series batteries, 1 is connected to the point 2, and the energy conversion circuit u can only operate the second and third release modes to release the stored electric energy. To the battery pack or all of the series battery packs; the node 3 of the energy conversion circuit 13 corresponding to the last one battery or the last group of series batteries is connected to the node 4, and the energy conversion circuit 13 can only operate the first and third The energy release mode releases stored energy to the front battery pack or all of the series battery packs. The crystal format battery potential balancer shown in the tenth figure can be applied to the hierarchical battery potential balancing device shown in Fig. 5. When the energy conversion circuits u, 12, and 13 respectively correspond to the single cells, the crystal format battery potential balancer implements the first layer potential balancer of the hierarchical battery potential balancing device; when the energy conversion circuits u, 12, 13 respectively correspond In the case of a series battery composed of two or more batteries, the crystal format battery potential balancer implements a second layer potential balancer or a higher layer potential balancer of the hierarchical battery potential balancing device. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and the invention is not limited by the description. For embodiments of the embodiments, for example, the energy conversion circuit of the crystal format battery potential balancer may correspond to a single cell or a series battery; the crystal format battery potential balancer may also be applied to a battery potential balancing device based on cell power distribution. 12 1280721 [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram is the circuit diagram of the consumption battery potential balance. The second figure is a circuit diagram of a battery potential balancing device based on cell power distribution. - The third figure is a road structure diagram of a distributed battery potential balancing device based on total power distribution. The fourth figure is the road structure diagram of the centralized battery potential balancing device based on total power distribution. The fifth figure is a structural diagram of a hierarchical battery potential balancing circuit of the present invention. The sixth figure is a circuit diagram of the crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention. The seventh figure is a circuit diagram of the energy conversion circuit of the present invention. The eighth figure is a circuit diagram of the crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention, in which the Yuelun conversion circuit clearly reveals the energy storage current path. The ninth figure is an i-energy current path diagram of the energy conversion circuit of the present invention. Figure 10 is a circuit diagram of a specific embodiment of a crystal format battery potential balancer of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] DC power supply 2 - potential balancer 3 - battery 4 ... group or series battery 5 ... hierarchical architecture 1 〇, U, 12, 13 - energy conversion circuit 20 - crystal format architecture 3 〇 - storage Energy battery 31--front battery pack 32... rear battery pack 13 1280721 41 — energy storage current path 42, 43, 44... release current path
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