1279960 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係一種脈衝充電裝置與方法，尤其是一種 輸出脈衝頻率為可變的電池充電裝置與方法，用以達 到較佳充電效果者。 【先前技術】1279960 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a pulse charging apparatus and method, and more particularly to a battery charging apparatus and method with a variable output pulse frequency for achieving a better charging effect. [Prior Art]
為完成電池充電程序，許多電池之充電策略相繼 被提出，像是定涓流充電（constant trickle current charge)、定電流充電和定電壓定電流充電（或稱定電 壓限電流，兩階段充電）。定涓流充電具電路架構簡 單與成本低廉等優點，但其充電時間因為超過十小時 所以又多用作夜間充電（overnight-charge)。為了減少 其充電時間，定電流充電系統採用較涓流為大之電流 來對電池充電，但其缺點在於不易達到其充電系統所 須具備的 1 〇 〇 %滿充電壓檢測精度。為了克服此問 題，目前最廣泛使用的定電壓定電流充電策略於是被 提出，其一開始用定電流對電池充電一直到達設定的 充電終止電壓 （final voltage)，到此設定電壓後， 接著充電器以等值於設定電壓值的定電壓對電池充 電，且充電電流自動地減少。當充電電流減少至零 時，視為電池1 0 0 %滿充。此定電壓定電流充電策略 原本可有效地預防電池產生過充電 （overcharge)，但 也因而拖長充電時間。一輔以有模糊邏輯控制器之充 電系統（Fuzzy-Controlled Battery Charge System， FCBCS)，其可推論出一合適之充電電流值以改善充 電性能。而後類神經網路與基因演算法亦被用在模糊 1279960 控制式充電系統中供協調及最佳化變數，以獲得更適 合的充電電流。我.國發明專利4 5 1 5 1 2提出了 一輔以 主動狀態偵測法之模糊控制式充電系統，的確可減少 : 充電時間並保證電池之充電是處在安全充電範圍 . (Safe-Charge Area，SCA)。然上述的電池充電策略並 ， 沒有考慮到電池的電化學反應，所以對電池的使用壽 命並沒有明顯改善。我國專利 256408、498586、 271470、2286 1 6、315529等所揭示之定頻式脈衝充 電法即是一種有考慮到電化學反應中離子的漂移問 _ 題。脈衝充電法的是利用休息時間使不同濃度的電解 液進行平衡漂移，以增進電解液反應的均勻性，有效 減輕電極老化現象，進而改善電池使用壽命。但電池 的最佳脈衝充電頻率，會隨電池的充電過程而改變， 故習知定頻式脈衝充電法，無法得到最佳的脈衝充電 效果。 題 ]問 容的 内決 明解 發、 1 ·該定涓流充電具電路架構簡單與成本低廉等 優點，但其充電時間因為超過十小時所以又多用作夜 間充電。 2 .為了減少其充電時間，定電流充電系統採用較 涓流為大之電流來對電池克電，但其缺點在於不易達 到其充電系統所須具備的1 00%滿充電壓檢測精度。 3 ·定電壓定電流充電，係以定電流對電池充電， 直到達設定的充電終止電壓，到達此設定電壓後，接 著充電器以等值於設定電壓值的定電壓對電池充 電，且充電電流自動地減少；當充電電流減少至零 時，視為電池1 0 0 %滿充。然該定電壓定電流充電原 1279960 器，運算放大器與計時器之微電腦晶片 2 2 ;該微電 腦晶片22内建之運算放大器的輸入端分別串接一電 阻R5、R6再跨接於一變頻脈衝產生器3的電流偵測 電阻R3，用以量測電池4的電流；In order to complete the battery charging procedure, many battery charging strategies have been proposed, such as constant trickle current charge, constant current charging, and constant voltage constant current charging (or rated voltage limiting current, two-stage charging). The trickle current charging circuit has the advantages of simple circuit structure and low cost, but its charging time is more than overnight-charge because it takes more than ten hours. In order to reduce the charging time, the constant current charging system uses a current greater than turbulent current to charge the battery, but its disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve the 1 〇 满 % full charge voltage detection accuracy required for its charging system. In order to overcome this problem, the most widely used constant voltage constant current charging strategy is proposed, which initially charges the battery with a constant current until the set final voltage is reached, after which the voltage is set, then the charger The battery is charged at a constant voltage equivalent to the set voltage value, and the charging current is automatically reduced. When the charging current is reduced to zero, it is considered that the battery is fully charged at 100%. This constant voltage constant current charging strategy can effectively prevent the battery from overcharging, but it also prolongs the charging time. One is supplemented by a Fuzzy-Controlled Battery Charge System (FCBCS), which can infer a suitable charging current value to improve charging performance. Later neural networks and gene algorithms are also used in the fuzzy 1279960 controlled charging system to coordinate and optimize the variables to achieve a more suitable charging current. My national invention patent 4 5 1 5 1 2 proposes a fuzzy control charging system supplemented by active state detection, which can reduce: charging time and ensure that the battery is charged in a safe charging range. (Safe-Charge Area, SCA). However, the above battery charging strategy does not take into account the electrochemical reaction of the battery, so the life of the battery is not significantly improved. The fixed-frequency pulse charging method disclosed in Chinese Patent Nos. 256,408, 498,586, 271,470, 2,286, 6, 315, 529, etc. is a method of considering the drift of ions in an electrochemical reaction. The pulse charging method uses the rest time to balance the drift of different concentrations of electrolyte to improve the uniformity of the electrolyte reaction, effectively reduce the aging of the electrode, and thus improve the battery life. However, the optimal pulse charging frequency of the battery will change with the charging process of the battery. Therefore, the conventional fixed-frequency pulse charging method cannot obtain the best pulse charging effect. Problem] The internal solution of the problem is solved. 1 · The circuit structure of the current tricky charging device is simple and low-cost, but its charging time is more than night charging because it is more than ten hours. 2. In order to reduce the charging time, the constant current charging system uses a larger current than the turbulent current to charge the battery, but its disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve the 100% full charge voltage detection accuracy required for its charging system. 3 · Constant voltage and constant current charging, the battery is charged with constant current until the set charging end voltage is reached. After reaching the set voltage, the charger then charges the battery with a constant voltage equal to the set voltage value, and the charging current Automatically reduced; when the charging current is reduced to zero, the battery is considered to be 100% fully charged. The constant voltage constant current charging original 1279960, the operational amplifier and the timer microcomputer chip 2 2; the input end of the built-in operational amplifier of the microcomputer chip 22 is connected in series with a resistor R5, R6 and then connected to a variable frequency pulse. The current detecting resistor R3 of the device 3 is used for measuring the current of the battery 4;
一變頻脈衝產生器3係由穩壓電路3 1與控制電 晶體Q 2所組成；其中，穩壓電路3 1係由一穩壓積 體電路3 1卜可變電阻R9、功率電晶體Q卜緩振器（由 二極體D1、第一電阻R1與第一電容C1構成），與 電流偵測電阻R2、R3構成；而該可變電阻R9可調 整該穩壓電路3 1輸出一固定電壓於該電池4的充飽 電壓相當者；該穩壓積體電路3 1 1之輸出端分別接於 一功率電晶體 Q1的集極及一控制電晶體 Q2的集 極，而功率電晶體Q1的基極又與控制電晶體Q2的 集極連接，且功率電晶體Q 1的射極接於電流偵測電 阻R3，另控制電晶體Q2的基極則接於微電腦晶片 2 2的頻率控制端；再者，由於功率電晶體Q 1導通與 不導通之瞬間有突波電壓產生，乃在功率電晶體Q 1 的集極與射極之間並聯一二極體D 1、第一電阻器R1 與第一電容器C 1所組成之緩振電路，以降低功率電 晶體Q 1切換時的突波電壓； 因此，藉以控制該控制電晶體Q2的導通與不導 通交替狀態，使穩壓積體電路3 1 1輸出相對控制訊號 令功率電晶體 Q1在控制電晶體 Q2導通時截止導 通，相反在控制電晶體 Q2截止導通時功率電晶體 11 ο6979 2 I, 圖 塊 方 統 系 - 第 明明 說發 單本 簡為 式圖 圖一 t第 圖 置 。 裝 圖路 塊電 方例 統施 系實 二佳 第較 明明 發發 本本 為為-A 圖圖圖二三四 第第第 曲 壓 電 池 電 之 電 充 衝 脈 式 頻 變 之 明 發 本 為 圖 線 所 點 間 時 個 各 電 充 衝 脈 式 頻 變 之 明 發 本 為 B 圖 四 第 脈 知 習 為 使習 為-A a圖 五六 第第 圖 線 曲 形 波 態 狀 電 率充 頻流 電電 充定 衝壓 脈電 之定 用知 池 電 之 下 電 充 率 頻 定 固 電 充 在 定 固 率 頻 電 充 。衝 圖脈 線知 曲習電 壓為之 B 明 圖 六 第A variable frequency pulse generator 3 is composed of a voltage stabilizing circuit 31 and a control transistor Q 2; wherein the voltage stabilizing circuit 3 1 is composed of a voltage stabilizing integrated circuit 3 1 variable resistor R9, power transistor Q b The vibration damper (consisting of the diode D1, the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1) and the current detecting resistors R2 and R3; and the variable resistor R9 can adjust the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit 31 The charging voltage of the battery 4 is equivalent; the output terminals of the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit 3 1 1 are respectively connected to the collector of a power transistor Q1 and the collector of a control transistor Q2, and the power transistor Q1 The base is connected to the collector of the control transistor Q2, and the emitter of the power transistor Q1 is connected to the current detecting resistor R3, and the base of the control transistor Q2 is connected to the frequency control end of the microcomputer chip 2 2; Furthermore, since the surge voltage is generated at the instant when the power transistor Q1 is turned on and off, a diode D1 and a first resistor R1 are connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the power transistor Q1. A damping circuit composed of a first capacitor C 1 to reduce a surge voltage when the power transistor Q 1 is switched Therefore, by controlling the conduction and non-conduction states of the control transistor Q2, the regulated integrated circuit 3 1 1 outputs a relative control signal to cause the power transistor Q1 to be turned off when the control transistor Q2 is turned on, and vice versa. When the Q2 is turned off, the power transistor 11 ο6979 2 I, the block system is the same as the one shown in the figure. The installation of the road block is based on the actual system. The second is the same as the -A map, the second and the fourth, the first, the first, the second, the second, the second, the second, the first, the At the time of the point, each of the electric charging and pulsating frequency changes is B. The fourth vein is known as the Xi-A a figure, the fifth line, the first line, the curved wave state, the electric frequency charging, the electric current charging. The setting of the stamping pulse power is determined by the electric charge rate of the battery.冲图脉线知曲习电压为B 明图六第
下 電 充 Z 圖 線 曲 壓 池 在 定 固 率 頻 電 充 脈 知 習 為 C 擊 圖 六 第Under the charge of the Z - line curve pressure tank in the fixed rate of frequency and electric charge to understand the C
下 電 充 Z 圖 線 曲 壓明 電說 池號 電符 之件 元 要 主Under the charge, the Z-character line, the pressure, the electric charge, the pool number, the electric code, the element, the main
電池狀態散測器1 儲存單元201 變頻脈衝產生器3 穩壓電路3 1 穩壓積體電路3 1 1 功率電晶體Q1 二極體D 1 第一電容器C1 控制器2 微電腦晶片22 電池4 電流偵測電阻R3 控制電晶體Q2 可變電阻R9 電流偵測電組R2、R3 第一電阻器R1 13Battery Status Tester 1 Storage Unit 201 Variable Frequency Pulse Generator 3 Regulator Circuit 3 1 Regulated Integral Circuit 3 1 1 Power Transistor Q1 Diode D 1 First Capacitor C1 Controller 2 Microcomputer Chip 22 Battery 4 Current Detect Measuring resistor R3 Control transistor Q2 Variable resistor R9 Current detecting group R2, R3 First resistor R1 13