1273730 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明主要係一種關於燃料電池雙極板 、结構i特別是針對提升氣體在反應區的濃度分 增進高分子質子交換膜潤濕度的均勻性而設計 應f體的使用效率，充分利用氣體及反應面積 口口F刀區域乾膜或發生泛溢現象（flooding )而 下降的現象；而且此流道設計也可以將反應所 由流道而予以排除，因此能進一步提升燃料電 【先前技術】 刀一立第一圖係顯示一般典型單顆燃料電池之 解不思圖，單電池由一高分子質子交換薄膜10 f有一層（陰極及陽極）觸媒層20，兩側之外 散層30，更外側為雙極板40，雙極板40上的流 體，雙極板上移動的路徑，最外側則為金屬集 框壓板60，氣體進口流道100及氣體出口流道 ~凡件緊密結合後即可組成一顆單電池，第二 後之單顆燃料電池示意圖。 一 向分子質子交換薄膜10主要功能在 側移動至陰極側的通道，其材質係為離子的良 部不能是電子的導體，故電子須經由外部迴路 至陰極而產生電流。根據實驗結果顯示高分子 =10的導離子能力與該薄膜所含之水量有關， =:二會減弱離子的傳輸能力，降低電池的 k㊉在乳體流入燃料電池之前會先通過加濕裝 之新型流道 佈均勻性及 ，能提高反 ，並能減少 導致的性能 產生的水經 池的整體性 組成元件分 ，左右兩側 側為氣體擴 道70提供氣 電板50及外 110 ，將這 圖係為組合 質子由陽極 好導體，但 由陽極移動 質子交換薄 若薄膜含水 性能，因此 置予以加濕 5 1273730 -(尤其是陽極側）以避免質子交換薄膜ίο被流道70中 體吹乾而影響性能；反之，在低溫燃料電池（如質子 膜燃料電池）操作中，由於電池的溫度大都在100 °c ，電池在陰極的副產物〜水，會以液態形式產生，若 反應所產生的水量過多，則會造成泛溢現象，進而堵 散層30及流道70，使得氣體無法有效或持續供給反應 此一來也會降低電池的性能。 _ 另一方面’氣體在流道70下游的部分常因氣體 上游區反應而消耗，使得下游的氣體濃度低於上游而 籲整個質子父換膜10上的反應及所產生的電流密度發生 的現象。更有甚者，當輪出電流較大時，靠近流道出 110的氣體若發生濃度不足的現象，則會有所謂質傳 (mass transfer limitation)的情況發生，電池的性能會大 降。 在燃料電池的技術領域，流道設計是燃料電池一個 重要的設計考量，好的流道設計除了可以將燃料（如 )及氧化劑（如空氣或氧氣）均勻送至各觸媒反應區 而達發電的效果之外，還可以有效的將陰極側（空氣 鲁多餘的副產物一水排除。如果觸媒的反應區發生燃料 化劑供應不足，觸媒無法充分利用，勢必造成燃料電 -性能降低；而如果無法有效的排除在流道70或擴散層 多餘的水分，空氣或氧氣將無法順利進入觸媒層2〇反 電，有時甚至還會發生水分阻塞部分流道而發生空氣 無法抵達部分區威的情況’燃料電池性能也將因此而 。有鑑於此，流道設計及水管理在燃料電池，尤其是 子交換膜燃料電池的領域裡是相當重要的課題之一， 的流道設計及適當的水管理不但可以提升燃料電池的 ，並能進一步增長其使用的哥命。 的氣 交換 以下 化學 塞擴 ，如 已在 導致 不均 口端 極限 幅下 非常 氫氣 反應 側） 或氧 池的 30中 應發 根本 降低 在質 良好 性能 6 1273730 ^ •現今的燃料電池大多利用如下幾種流道來使氣體 一、柵狀（column)流道，二、蛇型（serpentine)流道， 又穿透式（interdigitated)流道。 如第三圖所示，係栅狀流道的示意圖，也是最傳 道設計’其缺點是會造成每個流道的流量分佈不均 三圖所示。其流量的分佈與入口的流量及流道大小 #近入出口兩端的流道流量通常較大，中間部分的 —流里較小。而流量的多寡會直接影響燃料電池的質 ，流量過低的部分將造成燃料電池的性能下降，而 參中間流量較小的部分達到所需的流量，則整體 須跟著提升。然而對水管理而言，過高的流量也會 良的影響，因為大流量的氣體可能會將高分子薄^ 而導致無法導通質子；而且，在靠近入出口端的流 因流量過多而形成浪費的現象。另一方面，當液態 累積於流量較小的流道内時，液態水會因氣流速度 不谷易順利排除，進而在流道中造成阻塞現象，而 氣體的供應。以上現象是柵狀流道最常遇到的問題 如第四圖所示，則是蛇型流道的示意圖，美國專 鲁73160號即揭示此種燃料電池的流道設計。雖然流道 體^量相近，但隨著氣體在流道中因反應而消耗（ •氧氣或空氣反應後會有水生成；陽極則單純是氫氣 • ’但也有可能有水由陰極回滲至陽極），下游區的 度會低於上游區而可能形成下游氣體供應不足的情 I，決此問題，有時也會提高入口氣體的流量，然 流ΐ也會面臨如前所述的柵狀流道的問題一除了可 分子薄膜過乾外，尚會降低氣體的使用效率，使過 應的氣體由出口排出而形成浪費；而且高流量的氣 也會耗費壓縮機較大的功率，間接降低了整個系統 通過： 三、指 統的流 ，如第 有關， 流道則 傳性能 若要讓 量都必 造成不 吹乾， 道也會 水慢慢 太小而 阻絕了 〇 利第57 中的氣 陰極的 的消耗 氣體濃 況。為 而提高 能使高 多未反 體供應 的效率 7 1273730 • >如第五圖所示，則是指又穿透型流道的示思圖美國， 利第5641586號即揭示此種燃料電池的流道設計。此種汉1 的流道並非由入口直接貫通至出口，流道被碳紙隔成=^ 。上游的流道相通、下游的流道相通，但氣體欲由上7流 至下游卻須穿透碳紙的擴散層。此種方式的流道"又δ十可以 強迫氣體以對流的方式流經擴散層’而非如前二種流道僅 能靠氣體以擴散的方式進入碳紙而後於觸媒層進行反應 因此有助於提高氣體的供氣情況並能增進排水的能力’進 ’-而提升燃料電池的整體性能。然而此種流道設計的主幹道 設計類似栅狀流道，仍然會有流量分佈不均的情形發生’ ♦而影響電池的整體性能。 如第六圖所示，則是另一種由H power所提出的流道設計 示意圖。為了避免上述栅狀及蛇型流道的一些缺點’此種 流道的設計，基本上有兩個流道’其中一個流道A的入口 旁搭配了另一個流道B的出口 ，而流道A的出口則旁搭配 了流道B的入口。此設計確實可以解決部分上述所提及的 一些問題，然而此設計因多了入出口 ，勢必增加週邊的管 路及其複雜性。 • 【發明内容】 “ 基於前段所述，本發明之主要目的係提供一種新型 迴旋型的燃料電池流道結構，使氣體在擴散層30及觸媒反 應層20中的濃度分佈更均勻，更能充分利用反應氣體及所 有可以反應的區域，使氣體的利用率增加；’除此之外，迴 旋型流道的設計也能達到使質子交換膜潤濕度更均勻的目 的，而且也容易將所產生的多餘的水排除，故而能達到提 升燃料電池性能的目的。 為達上述目的的燃料電池的雙極板流道結構，本發明在 8 1273730 . 實施方式中，係將傳統雙極板氣體流道加工成迴旋形 流道由入口以迴旋的方式迴旋繞入雙極板中央，再以 迴旋的方式繞至雙極板之流道出口 （如第七圖所示） 此一來，流入的海道與流出的流道相間，即雙極板上 道由裡到外或由外到裡都是一進一出（或複數進複數 如第八圖所示）的方式相互間隔。由於流道中的氣體 _ 布或碳紙的擴散層而至觸媒層反應後會逐漸消耗，因 游區的反應氣體濃度會較上游區小，若是入口的氣體 •-流率不足，反應氣體於上中游區已因反應而消耗殆盡 游區的觸媒便無法發生作用而形同虛設。為了避免^ 鲁的發生，燃料電池在實際操作時通常會提高入口的氣 量流率，有時甚至達數倍的當量，而多餘的反應氣& 由出口直接排出而形成浪費或是再由其他額外裝置進 收再利用。而透過本發明的新型式流道，流道上游 濃度氣體搭配下游區的低濃度氣體，高濃度的氣體2 由擴散層將氣體擴散至其鄰近的低濃度區，使擴散$ 媒層的氣體濃度分佈更均勻，雙極板的其他部分: 情況，皆是濃度一高一低互相搭配，而在中央的部2 濃度中等的氣體區。如此一來，便能提高氣體的及ς 鲁的使用效率、充分利用所有的反應面積而達 -擊池性能的效果。 逆㈤徒升燃 ’ 經由實驗發現，質子交換膜的潤濕度不足、過梦^ -成電池性能下降並減少電池壽命的主要原因之一广^ 膜過濕或泛溢也會影響氣體的傳輸而減低性能（如j ^。而質子交換臈的潤濕度（含水份）不均的情^ 藉由本設計獲得改善，如上游區氣體的供應充足，右 的反應，所產生的水也較多；然而下游區則相反， 子父換膜便可能乾濕不均。有時候，入口的進氣息口 度不足時，常會發生上游區乾膜現象，而中下游=大 式， 反向 。如 的流 出， 經碳 此下 質量 ，下 情況 體質 只能 行回 的高 夠經 及觸 相同 則是 媒層 料電 是造 而， k所述 :可β 較強 |此質 |因反 9 I273730 '應累積的水而發生泛溢現象’也會形成上下游負子交換膜 乾濕不均。而透過本流道的設計，一乾一濕互相搭配、中 和，將使膜的潤濕度更均勻，相對地便能提高電池性能。 除此之外，此迴旋型流道設計的轉，琴數目與單蛇流道（ 第三圖）一樣多，並無增加（在相同流道寬度及肋條寬度 條件下），因此不會增加整個系統的流阻而導致增加壓縮 、機的負擔。另外，由流道入口至出口為同一流道，並無旁 • 支分流，不會發生如柵狀流道中有些流道會因流量較小、 慣性力不足而使得陰極產生的液態水累積於流道中而發生 鲁阻塞的現象，因此本流道設計除了能增加反應均勻性及觸 媒使用率之外，亦能保有原先單蛇流道的優點。 為了進一步降低流阻，本發明也提出另一非直線型或環 狀迴旋型的流道（如第九圖（a)(b)所示）。由流體力學理 論可知流體於轉彎時若轉彎的半徑越小，所造成的流阻便 越大’前述基本的直線型流道中，氣體所轉的彎都是九十 度的直角轉彎，其所形成的流阻會較大，而此處非直線型 或環狀迴旋型的流道除了同樣保有前述直線迴旋型流道的 優點外，此流道尚能進一步減少整個系統的流阻，進而減 馨少進氣端的負擔，亦即能間接地提升整體燃料電池的性能 。另外，實驗常發現陰極所產生的液態水容易於直角轉彎 _處累積，因此非直線型或環狀迴旋型的流道除了可以減少 -流阻外還有能減少流道中積水的效果之優點。 迴旋的方式除了由外往内繞旋之外，亦可以由内往外繞 旋’或由一端先流至另一端再相間流回至入口處，如第十 圖所示。 另外，為了提高氣體往碳紙擴散的程度，本發明亦提出 迴旋指又穿透型流道（如第十一圖所示）以改良傳統指叉 10 1273730 .塑流道流量分佈不均的缺點。流道由入口迴旋繞入雔極 中央即止，並不與流出的流道貫通，另一流道則以^ 旋的方式由中央繞至雙極板出口。流道仍是一入一出相^ (或複數進複數出，如第十二圖所示），但流出的流道^ 的氣體是由流入的流道中的氣體穿透碳紙收集而來的，故 而是以對流方式進入碳紙擴散層而非純擴散方式。此種方 式的流道也可以使用非直線蜇或環狀迴旋型的流道或複數 進複數出的型式（如第十三圖（a)(b)所示）。 本發明所提出新型流道結構之加工方式，將藉由以下的 φ實施方式及附呈圖式做進一少之說明。 【實施方式】 第七圖至第十三圖係顯示本發明之新型流道，將流 道繞旋至電池内再繞旋而至出口。為達上述目的的燃科電 池的極板流道結構，本發明在實施方式中，係將傳統雙極 板40氣體流道加工成迴旋形式，包括有極板、一氣體八口 與一氣體出口，該極板上設有一入口流道與一出口流遂’ 該入口流道以迴旋型的方式迴旋繞入極板中央（或I另〆 •側），再以反向迴旋的方式繞出極板。 - 迴旋的方式可以是先順時針或先逆時針，先由外而 内或先由内而外，或由一端至另一端再繞旋而至出口；旅 -道可以是單流道或多流道並行的複數流道；流道的寬度及 肋條的寬度比例並無限制，可以1:1或其他比例，戒 > 卞 游有不同流道肋條寬度比，即同一流道不必從頭到尾β / 比例。本流道設計^同時適用於組裝多顆電池之電池解二 各各單電池的脈道σ又计可以有不同的迴旋型式，以適處意 池組的上下斿不同情況。 11 1273730 流道除了由入口貫通至出口的迴旋型式流道外i本設 =亦涵蓋迴旋指又型流道設計，如第十一圖i第十三圖。 每個流道並非從頭到尾貫通，而是由兩段流道接續而成， 如此可以強迫氣體流經碳紙或碳布擴散層而有更好的質傳 效果0 在加工直線、非直線或環形迴旋型的流道時’較簡便 之方式係可使用電腦軟體將所需之流道尺寸及大小繪製完 '成後，轉成CNC加工機之程式，再使用CNC加工機加工即 可完成。若雙極板40材料為金屬成分時，可選擇使用鑄造 春方式，將已達熔點呈融溶狀態之材料洗注入模具内，模具 内已預先將流道結構製成迴旋流道或迴旋指叉流道之型式 ，待澆入之液態材料降溫成型後，雙極板之製作即可完成 。若雙極板40為碳基等非金屬之材料，則可選擇使用粉末 冶金之方式進行，與鑄造方式相似，先將模具上之流道結 構製作完成，待置入粉末狀原料壓製並燒結完成後，迴旋 型式流場之雙極板40流道即 為向分子之化工塑勝原料’ 製作，與鑄造方式相似，預 結構則先製成迴旋型式，再 •製作，完成後即可得到所需 結構。 完成製作。若雙極板40之材料 亦可使用射出成型之方式加工 先製作一需要之模具，在流道 將呈融熔狀之原料以射出方式 之雙極板40及迴旋型式之流道 由上述本發明之實施方式說明可知，本發明所提供之 新型燃料電池雙極板流道設計’可使擴散層中的氣體濃度 分佈更均勻、質子交換膜的潤濕度更均勻，而且亦能保^ 流道的排水能力’為犬破省知技藝之新穎設計，然其^可 以其他之特定形式來實現’而不脫離本發明之精神和重要 特性。因此上文所列之技術實施方式在各方面都應被視為 例示性而非限制例實施方式，而所有之改變只要合乎本案 之申請專利範圍所定義或與其技術實施方式等效者，均應 12 1273730 -包含在本案所主張之範嘴内 【圖式簡單說明】 % 一圖 第二圖 第三圖 第四匿| 第五圖 第五圖 第六圖 第七圖 第人圖 第九圖 習知的 習知的 習知的 習知的 (a) :習 (b) :習 H Power 本發明 本發明 (a) :本 意 (b) :本 設 第九圖 第Η 卜圖： 本發明 第Η 卜—圖：本發 第Η 卜二圖 j :本發 第Η 卜二圖 圖 (a)： 第Η 卜三圖 (b)： 燃料電 燃料電 栅狀式 蛇变流 知的指 知的指 所提出 所提出 所提出 發明所 圖； 發明所 計示意 所提出 明所提 主1020 本發明 型設計 本發明 意圖。 要元件符號說明】 高分子皙上 觸媒層、父換薄膜 池柝解圖； 池錤合圖； 流道示意圖； 道米意圖； 又流道示意圖； 叉流道側面刹面示意圖， 的流道設計示意圖； 的單迴旋型流道設計示意圖； 的複數流道的迴旋型設計禾意圖； 提出的非直角單迴旋型流道設計示 提出的非直線或環狀單迴旋型流道 圖； 的另一單迴旋型流道設計示意圖； 出的單迴旋指叉型流道設計示意圖 出的複數流道迴旋指叉犁設計示意 所提出的非直角複數流道迴旋指又 示意圖； 所提出的單迴旋指叉型流道設計示 13 1273730 -1 30 氣體擴散層 40 50 60 燃料電池雙極板 金屬集電板 燃料電池外框壓板 70 雙極板流道 80 螺絲子L 100 氣體之流道入口 110 氣體之流道出口 • 141273730 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention is mainly concerned with the uniformity of the wettability of a polymer proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell bipolar plate, a structure i, particularly for a concentration of a lift gas in a reaction zone. The design should use the efficiency of the f body, make full use of the gas and the reaction area to reduce the dry film or the flooding phenomenon in the F-knife region; and the flow channel design can also be used to transfer the reaction channel. Excluded, so can further improve fuel power [Prior Art] The first figure shows the typical typical single fuel cell solution. The single cell consists of a polymer proton exchange film 10 f (cathode and anode). The catalyst layer 20, the two sides of the dispersion layer 30, the outer side of the bipolar plate 40, the fluid on the bipolar plate 40, the path of movement on the bipolar plate, the outermost side is the metal frame frame platen 60, the gas inlet flow Road 100 and gas outlet flow channel ~ can be combined to form a single battery, the second single fuel cell schematic. The molecularly-oriented proton exchange membrane 10 mainly functions as a channel that moves sideways to the cathode side, and is made of a conductor that is not a conductor of electrons, so that electrons must generate current through an external loop to the cathode. According to the experimental results, the conductivity of the polymer = 10 is related to the amount of water contained in the film. =: 2 will weaken the ion transport capacity, and reduce the k 10 of the battery before the milk flows into the fuel cell. The uniformity of the flow channel can improve the inverse, and can reduce the overall composition of the water through the pool. The left and right sides provide the gas plate 50 and the outer 110 for the gas expansion channel 70. For the combination of protons by the anode good conductor, but by the anode moving proton exchange thin if the film has water-containing properties, so it is humidified 5 1273730 - (especially the anode side) to avoid the proton exchange film ίο is affected by the body drying in the flow channel 70 Performance; conversely, in the operation of low-temperature fuel cells (such as proton membrane fuel cells), since the temperature of the battery is mostly at 100 °c, the by-product of the battery at the cathode, ~water, is produced in liquid form, and if the reaction produces too much water , it will cause flooding, and then block the layer 30 and the flow channel 70, so that the gas can not be effectively or continuously supplied to the reaction, which will also reduce the performance of the battery.On the other hand, the portion of the gas downstream of the flow channel 70 is often consumed by the reaction of the gas upstream zone, so that the downstream gas concentration is lower than the upstream and the reaction of the entire proton parent membrane 10 and the resulting current density occur. . What is more, when the current is large, if the gas near the flow path 110 is insufficient in concentration, there is a so-called mass transfer limitation, and the performance of the battery is greatly degraded. In the technical field of fuel cells, the flow channel design is an important design consideration for fuel cells. In addition to good flow channel design, fuel (such as) and oxidant (such as air or oxygen) can be evenly sent to each catalyst reaction zone to generate electricity. In addition to the effect, it is also effective to remove the excess side water from the cathode side. If the fuel supply agent is insufficient in the reaction zone of the catalyst, the catalyst cannot be fully utilized, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in fuel power-performance; However, if the excess moisture in the flow channel 70 or the diffusion layer cannot be effectively excluded, the air or oxygen will not smoothly enter the catalyst layer 2, and the gas will sometimes block the flow channel and the air will not reach the partial region. In the case of Wei's fuel cell performance will also be the result. In view of this, flow channel design and water management is one of the most important topics in the field of fuel cells, especially sub-exchange membrane fuel cells, and the design of the flow channel and appropriate Water management can not only improve the fuel cell, but also further increase the use of its life. The gas exchange of the following chemical plug expansion, such as In the 30% of the hydrogen-reactive side of the oxygen-containing reaction zone, or the oxygen pool, it should be reduced in quality. 6 1273730 ^ • Today's fuel cells mostly use the following flow channels to make the gas one or the grid (column) flow channel, two, serpentine (serpentine) flow channel, and interdigitated flow channel. As shown in the third figure, the schematic diagram of the grid flow path is also the most circumstance design. The disadvantage is that the flow distribution of each flow channel is uneven. The distribution of the flow rate and the flow rate of the inlet and the size of the flow channel # The flow rate of the flow channel at both ends of the inlet and outlet is usually large, and the flow in the middle portion is small. The amount of flow will directly affect the quality of the fuel cell. If the flow rate is too low, the performance of the fuel cell will be degraded. When the portion with a small intermediate flow reaches the required flow rate, the overall flow rate must be increased. However, for water management, too high a flow rate will also have a good impact, because a large flow of gas may cause the polymer to be thin and lead to the inability to conduct protons; moreover, the flow near the inlet and outlet ends is wasteful due to excessive flow. phenomenon. On the other hand, when the liquid is accumulated in the flow path with a small flow rate, the liquid water is easily removed due to the air flow rate, and the gas is supplied in the flow path. The above phenomenon is the most common problem encountered in the grid flow path. As shown in the fourth figure, it is a schematic diagram of the serpentine flow channel. The flow channel design of the fuel cell is disclosed in the US Patent No. 73160. Although the volume of the flow channel is similar, it is consumed as the gas is reacted in the flow channel (there is water generated after oxygen or air reaction; the anode is simply hydrogen • 'but there may be water back to the anode from the cathode) The downstream zone will be lower than the upstream zone and may form a downstream gas supply shortage. This problem will sometimes increase the flow of the inlet gas, and the flow will also face the cascade flow path as described above. The problem of the first one is that the molecular film is too dry, which will reduce the gas use efficiency, so that the excess gas is discharged from the outlet to form waste; and the high flow rate gas also consumes a large power of the compressor, which indirectly reduces the whole The system passes: Third, the flow of the indicator, if the first is related, if the flow channel transmits the performance, the volume will be caused to not blow dry, and the water will slowly become too small to block the gas cathode of the 57th. Consuming gas concentration. In order to improve the efficiency of the supply of high-anti-anti-body supply 7 1273730 • > As shown in the fifth figure, it refers to the screen of the penetrating flow channel, United States, Lie 5641586 reveals such a fuel cell The runner design. The flow path of this Han 1 is not directly connected to the exit from the entrance, and the flow path is separated by carbon paper into ^^. The upstream flow channel communicates with the downstream flow channel, but the gas has to flow from the upper 7 to the downstream but penetrates the diffusion layer of the carbon paper. In this way, the flow path "δδ can force the gas to flow through the diffusion layer in a convective manner' instead of the first two kinds of flow channels, which can only enter the carbon paper by gas diffusion and then react to the catalyst layer. It helps to improve the gas supply of the gas and enhances the ability to drain - and improves the overall performance of the fuel cell. However, the main road design of this flow channel design is similar to the grid flow path, and there will still be uneven flow distribution, which affects the overall performance of the battery. As shown in the sixth figure, it is another schematic diagram of the flow path design proposed by H power. In order to avoid some of the disadvantages of the above-mentioned grid-like and serpentine flow passages, the design of such a flow passage basically has two flow passages, one of which is adjacent to the inlet of the other flow passage B, and the flow passage. The exit of A is next to the entrance of runner B. This design can indeed solve some of the problems mentioned above. However, this design will increase the peripheral piping and its complexity due to the increase in the number of exports. • [Discussion] According to the foregoing paragraph, the main object of the present invention is to provide a novel swirling fuel cell flow path structure, which makes the concentration distribution of gas in the diffusion layer 30 and the catalytic reaction layer 20 more uniform and more capable. Make full use of the reaction gas and all the areas that can react to increase the gas utilization rate; 'In addition, the design of the swirling flow channel can also achieve the purpose of making the proton exchange membrane more uniform, and it is easy to The excess water produced is eliminated, so that the performance of the fuel cell can be improved. For the bipolar plate flow path structure of the fuel cell for the above purpose, the present invention is in the embodiment of 8 1273730. In the embodiment, the conventional bipolar plate gas flow is used. The runner is processed into a swirling flow passage which is swirled around the center of the bipolar plate by the inlet, and then swirled to the flow passage outlet of the bipolar plate (as shown in the seventh figure). Intersected with the outflow channel, that is, the way of the bipolar plate from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside is separated from each other (or the complex number is shown in Figure 8). The diffusion layer of gas _ cloth or carbon paper will gradually be consumed after the reaction to the catalyst layer, because the concentration of the reaction gas in the recreation area will be smaller than that in the upstream area. If the gas flow rate at the inlet is insufficient, the reaction gas is in the upper and middle reaches. The catalyst that has been consumed by the district due to the reaction will not be effective and will be ineffective. In order to avoid the occurrence of the fuel, the fuel cell usually increases the gas flow rate of the inlet during the actual operation, sometimes even several times the equivalent. And the excess reaction gas & is directly discharged from the outlet to form waste or reused by other additional devices. With the novel flow path of the present invention, the upstream concentration gas of the flow channel is matched with the low concentration gas in the downstream zone, The high concentration of gas 2 diffuses the gas from the diffusion layer to its adjacent low concentration zone, which makes the gas concentration distribution of the diffusion media layer more uniform, and the other parts of the bipolar plate: the case is that the concentration is high, low and low. In the central part of the 2 concentration of the gas area, this can improve the gas and the efficiency of the use of the gas, make full use of all the reaction area and achieve the performance of the hit pool performance Inverse (five) ascends fuel. Through experiments, it is found that the proton exchange membrane has insufficient wettability and has a dream. It is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of battery performance and the reduction of battery life. The film is too wet or overflows, which also affects the gas. Transmission reduces performance (eg j ^. The proton exchange enthalpy of moisture (water content) unevenness ^ is improved by this design, such as the supply of gas in the upstream zone is sufficient, the right reaction, the water produced More; however, the downstream area is the opposite, the sub-parent may change the wet and dry unevenness. Sometimes, when the inlet air intake is insufficient, the dry film phenomenon in the upstream area often occurs, while the middle and lower reaches = large, reverse. If the outflow, the quality of the carbon, the lower body physique can only go back to the high enough and the same is the media layer is made of electricity, k said: can be β strong | this quality | because anti 9 I273730 The phenomenon of 'overflow of water that should accumulate' also forms uneven wet and dry of the upstream and downstream negative exchange membranes. Through the design of the flow channel, the wetness and the neutralization of the membrane will make the membrane more uniform and relatively improve the battery performance. In addition, the number of revolutions of this convoluted runner design is as much as that of the single serpentine runner (third diagram), and there is no increase (under the same flow channel width and rib width), so the whole number will not increase. The flow resistance of the system leads to an increase in the burden of compression and machine. In addition, the flow path from the inlet to the outlet is the same flow path, and there is no bypass branching. It does not happen. Some flow channels in the grid flow path may cause the liquid water generated by the cathode to accumulate in the flow due to the small flow rate and insufficient inertial force. In the middle of the road, the phenomenon of Lu blocking occurs. Therefore, in addition to increasing the uniformity of reaction and the utilization rate of the catalyst, the design of the current channel can retain the advantages of the original single-swing flow path. In order to further reduce the flow resistance, the present invention also proposes another non-linear or ring-shaped swirling flow path (as shown in Fig. 9(a)(b)). From the theory of fluid mechanics, it can be known that the smaller the radius of the turning of the fluid during cornering, the greater the flow resistance caused. In the basic linear flow passage, the bend of the gas is a 90-degree right-angle turn, which is formed. The flow resistance will be larger, and in addition to the advantages of the above-mentioned linear swirling flow path, the flow path can further reduce the flow resistance of the entire system, thereby reducing the icing. The burden of less air intake can also indirectly improve the performance of the overall fuel cell. In addition, it has been found that the liquid water produced by the cathode is easily accumulated at a right angle turn, so that the non-linear or annular swirling flow path has the advantage of reducing the flow resistance in the flow path in addition to reducing the flow resistance. In addition to swirling from the outside to the inside, the method of swirling can also be rotated from the inside to the outside or from one end to the other and then back to the inlet, as shown in the tenth figure. In addition, in order to increase the degree of gas diffusion to the carbon paper, the present invention also proposes a gyroscopic finger and a penetrating flow channel (as shown in FIG. 11) to improve the traditional finger fork 10 1273730. The disadvantage of uneven distribution of the flow channel of the plastic channel . The flow path is wound from the inlet into the center of the bungee, and does not pass through the flow path. The other flow path is wound from the center to the exit of the bipolar plate. The flow path is still one in and one out (or multiple in multiples, as shown in Figure 12), but the gas flowing out of the flow channel is collected from the gas penetrating carbon paper in the inflowing channel. Therefore, instead of convectively entering the carbon paper diffusion layer instead of pure diffusion. The flow path of this type can also be a non-linear or circular-rotating flow path or a complex number (as shown in Fig. 13(a)(b)). The processing method of the novel flow path structure proposed by the present invention will be described less hereinafter by the following φ embodiment and the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] The seventh to thirteenth drawings show the novel flow path of the present invention, and the flow path is swirled into the battery and then swirled to the outlet. In the embodiment, the conventional bipolar plate 40 gas flow path is processed into a convoluted form, including a plate, a gas eight port and a gas outlet. The inlet plate is provided with an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel. The inlet flow channel is swirled into the center of the plate (or the other side of the plate) in a convoluted manner, and then is turned around in a reverse spiral manner. board. - The method of maneuvering may be first clockwise or counterclockwise first, first from the outside or first from the inside out, or from one end to the other and then to the exit; the brigade can be a single flow or multiple flow The parallel flow path of the channel; the width of the flow channel and the width ratio of the rib are not limited, and may be 1:1 or other ratios, or gt; Sweep has different flow channel rib width ratios, that is, the same flow channel does not have to be from beginning to end β / Proportion. This flow channel design ^ is also suitable for assembling battery packs of multiple batteries. The pulse σ of each single battery can also have different swirling patterns to suit the situation of the upper and lower jaws of the pool. 11 1273730 The flow path is not limited to the swirling type flow path from the inlet to the outlet. It also covers the design of the gyroscopic type and the flow path, as shown in the eleventh figure of the eleventh figure. Each flow channel is not connected from beginning to end, but is formed by two flow channels. This can force the gas to flow through the carbon paper or carbon cloth diffusion layer for better quality transmission. 0 In processing straight lines, non-linear lines or In the case of a circular swirling flow path, the simpler method is to use the computer software to draw the required flow path size and size, and then convert it into a CNC machine program, and then use CNC machining to complete. If the material of the bipolar plate 40 is a metal component, the casting spring method can be selected, and the material having reached the melting point of the melting point can be washed and injected into the mold, and the flow path structure is preliminarily made into a swirling flow path or a swirling fork. The type of flow channel, after the liquid material to be poured is cooled and formed, the fabrication of the bipolar plate can be completed. If the bipolar plate 40 is a carbon-based non-metallic material, it may be selected by powder metallurgy. Similar to the casting method, the flow channel structure on the mold is first completed, and the powdered raw material is pressed and sintered. After that, the bipolar plate 40 flow path of the convoluted flow field is made of the chemical plastic material of the molecule, which is similar to the casting method. The pre-structure is first made into a swirling type, and then the production is completed. structure. Finish the production. If the material of the bipolar plate 40 can also be processed by injection molding to produce a desired mold, the bipolar plate 40 and the swirling type flow path in which the molten material is melted in the flow path are used in the above invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS It can be seen that the novel fuel cell bipolar plate flow channel design provided by the present invention can make the gas concentration distribution in the diffusion layer more uniform, the proton exchange membrane has a more uniform wettability, and can also ensure the flow path. The 'Draining Capacity' is a novel design for the dog to break through the know-how, but it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and important characteristics of the present invention. The technical embodiments listed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all modifications should be construed as the scope of the application 12 1273730 - Included in the mouthpiece advocated in this case [Simple description of the schema] % One figure Second picture Third figure Fourth occlusion | Fifth figure Fifth figure Sixth figure Seventh figure The first figure ninth figure Known Conventions of the Known Convention (a): Xi (b): Xi H Power The present invention (a): Original meaning (b): This is the ninth figure of the first drawing: The third aspect of the present invention卜—图:本发第Η 卜二图 j: The first 本 卜 卜 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图The proposed invention is presented in the drawings; the invention is intended to be illustrative of the present invention. Explanation of the symbol of the element: polymer 皙 upper catalyst layer, parent exchange film 柝 solution; pool 錤 diagram; flow path diagram; road meter intention; flow path diagram; cross flow channel side brake surface schematic, flow path Design schematic; schematic diagram of the single-turn flow path design; the swirling design of the complex flow path; the proposed non-orthogonal single-turn flow path design shows the proposed non-linear or annular single-turn flow pattern; Schematic diagram of a single-rotating flow channel design; a schematic diagram of a single-turn-rotating finger-shaped flow channel design; a schematic diagram of a non-orthogonal complex flow path gyroscopic finger Fork-type flow channel design 13 1273730 -1 30 gas diffusion layer 40 50 60 fuel cell bipolar plate metal collector plate fuel cell frame pressure plate 70 bipolar plate runner 80 screw L 100 gas channel inlet 110 gas Runner exit • 14