1269519 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種雙向交流/直流電源轉換器，尤指 一種應用於須具有充、放電模式，在不定電壓/不定轉速 操作下的電力裝置上’以確保充電安全及有效提升或高或 低於額定轉速的電源轉換器。 【先前技術】 早期電動載具只有一種馬達運作模式，即載具的馬達 是利用電瓶的電量，將其轉換為動能驅動載具行動或移 動。到了後期的設計，為了加強電動載具的續航力，就發 明一種具有發電機模式的電動載具，誠如申請人於九十二 年二月二十六日申請，而於九十三年一月二十一日核准公 告的公告第572838號「具可回饋能量之電動載具非接觸式 辅助煞車裝置」發明專利案，即提出一種配合發電機模式 電動載具的煞車裝置，主要利用電動載具在減速期間，馬 達呈一滑行的運動狀態，此時馬達可視為發電機模式，將 動能轉換為電能，再配合電路設計將發電機所轉換的電能 予以導引並回饋至電瓶中，是以，電動載具在行進間具有 對電瓶充電作用，相較於早期的純馬達運轉模式的電動 機’其續航力自然更為延長。 由於目則電動載具除了增加加減速的段數，以及行進 間具有充電的功能外，冑需針對在單位時間内載具加 咸速的速差以及充電電壓差等不同情況，設計合適的 迴路，以提供電動載具安全的 、 秋文王的加、減速，以及在不同行進 1269519 速度減速時，所進行不同電量充電程序的安全。 除了前揭電動載具外，目前自然力發電同樣會有轉速 變化程度的差異，導致輸出電量變化程度的不同，是以， 針對自然力發電機/受電單位/用電單位三者之間，在不 同用電或供電的電量程度變化下，對電量進行適當的處 理’以確保各端的用電安全是有其必要的。 【發明内容】 為此，本發明係提供一種可依照負載運轉狀況及用電 變化程度的不同，將供電端的電量進行處理後，除滿足用 電端所需的電量，亦可避免過電壓或過電流等不安全情形 發生的雙向交流/直流電源轉換器。 欲達上述目的所使用的主要技術手段係令該雙向交流 /直流電源轉換器係一種可依照供電端與負載端的變化， 而隨時切換構成升壓電源電路或降壓電源電路，令負載端 可在額定運轉值之上或之下，配合供電電壓的升壓或降 壓，而令負載端產生更高運轉速度，以及更低的運轉速度。 右供電端為一蓄電池，負載端可轉換為一發電機結構，則 因為本發明為一雙向電源轉換器，故可轉換供電方向，而 將負載端產生的電源回充至蓄電池中。 為此’若本發明適合於目前具有發電機模式的電動載 具、混合型電動載具等，甚至風力、太陽能等以自然力發 電的電源系統使用之，能確保供電安全、Μ昇操作範圍， 並改善轉換效率。 【實施方式】 1269519 本發明係關於一種静A ^ .^ _ 向父^/直流電源轉換器，首先 請參閱第一圖所示，係為本 有： “的-較佳實施例，其包含 一主控制器（1 〇 ) ^ ^ 係透過檢知電路連接至負載端 及畜電池（60)，取得备著月戰細 負载知的運轉狀態及蓄電池電量 大小；本實施例的負载端可盔 θ ^ ^ 式的交、直流馬達（61)為—具有發電機/馬達運轉模 一電量輸出檢知器’連接至該主控制器（1 0)的輸 入端，以檢知發電端（馬達） 、勹适）輸出電罝值；因本實施例可 應用於交、直流馬達（6 1 )，从兮φ Β Α 、b1)，故該電量輸出檢知器為一 轉速檢知器’以將馬達於發電機運轉模式下的轉速反 該主控制器（1〇)，由主控制器（10)計算_料 對應產生的電量；該轉速檢知器可為—霍㈣應 0 ); 一電流迴路控制電路（3Q)，係連接至該主控制器 (10)的輸出端及負載端（馬達）之間’其主要由複數 串聯開關（Q 3、Q 4 ) ( Q 5、q 6 ) ( Q 7、Q 4 ) 並聯而成，各串聯開關（q 3、Q 4 ) ( Q 5、q 6 ) (q 7、Q 8 )係由兩個低功率電子開關串聯而成，又各電子 ^關分別並聯—逆向二極體（D3〜D8);若應用於交 流三相馬達的負載端，則該電流迴路控制電路係由三組串 聯開關並聯而成，而各串聯開關的串聯節點則連接至該馬 達的對應線圈；若應用於雙相直流馬達的負載端，該電流 迴路控制電路則由二組串聯開關並聯即可，其中各電子開 1269519 關並聯的逆向-& 為低速功率電二可為一飛輪二極體，而各電子開關則 制二：：轉速切換開關電路"〇) ’係連接至該主控 關二二輪出端，其至少由二個第-、第二電子開 2)的控制端開關（Q1) (Q ，係連接至該主控制器（1〇)的輸出端，且 一 1 ^ (D 2 ^ ，該逆向二極體可為 極體’而電子開關則為高速功率電晶體；及 ，一升降壓切換開關電路（50)，係設於該主控制器 1 0 )的輸出端、該蓄電池（6 〇 )、該高低轉速切換 開關電路（4 0 )及電流迴路控制電路（3 0 )之間，其 至少由兩繼電器八 1)(R2)組成，其中第二繼電器 (R 1 ) ( R 2 )㈣端（b )係透過一電感元件（L ) 連接至該高低轉速切換開關電路（4 0 )第一、第二電子 開關（Q 1 )( Q 2 )的串聯節點，其共同端再連接一接 電谷（C 2 )，而常開端（a )則連接至該第一繼電器 (R1)的Φ閉、（b)及咼低轉速切換開關電路（4〇) 之第電子開關（q 1 )的源極；而第一繼電器（r 1 ) 的常開端（a )則與第二繼電器（R 2 )的常閉端（b ) 連接，其共同端則分別連接一接地電容（C 1 )及直流蓄 電池（6 0)的正極。其中第一繼電器及第二繼電器亦可 各由二顆電晶體取代之，而為一種切換開關。 請配合參閱第一圖及第二圖A至D所示，令本發明應 用於一具有發電機運轉模式之交、直流馬達（6丄）的電 1269519 動載具上，以下為本發明依電動載具在單位時 =加歧減速進行的控制情形m控制ϋ (1Q = 得轉速咼低，則該主控制器（Ω ) 取 車命令器（21): 10)的輸入端係連接—煞 1.首先請參閱參閱第二圖八所示， 在電動載具於低轉速運轉下，蓄電 ^ 明應用 萄电/也[b〇)供雷$民、去 (Θ 1 )的控制狀況。本發明的主 ” 知琴檢知智缺IkΜ 制為會透過該轉速檢 U檢知目刖^者控制電動載具處於低轉速，並 低於額定轉速值，此時本發明係 的雷懕π用减低如供予馬達線圈 的電壓方式’令馬達操作於更低的轉速模式下。 首先：主控制器控制該升降壓切換開關… -、弟二繼電器（R1)(R2)未激磁，即其共同 =切換至常閉端，再控制該高 /、、 〇)的第-電子開關（Q1)導通第了：關電路（4 ==模式），如此，f電池（6〇)會透過第一 電件(、的常閉端（b)、第-電子開關（Q1)、 而==二繼電器（R2)的常閉端…， 二壓電源電路，其中該兩接地電容電壓呈—2二成 α Φ即’降低提供^該電流迴路控制電路（3 〇 ) = ;:，此時’該主控制器會隨著馬達轉子的轉速’ 3〜QSV亥電流迴路控制電路（3 〇)的電子開關（Q 達 ’將小電流依序輸入馬達線圈（6 1 )，令馬 達（6"操作在低於額定轉速之下（供電降壓模式）;、、 1269519 2·首先睛參閱參閱第二 斤不，係為本發明應用 在電動載具於咼轉速運轉下，蓄電池 況。本發明的主控制器會透過該 /、、、的控制狀 者控制電動載具處於高轉速，並且高於額定轉速值。 首先該主控制器控制升㈣切換開關電路（5 〇)的 第一、第二繼電器（R1)(R2)激磁，即其共同端均 切換至常開端（3)。再控制該高低轉逮切換開關電路（4 :、)的卜電子開關（Q1)截止、第二電子開關（Q2) 通（南轉速模式）’如此，蓄電池（61)會透過第一 繼電益（R1)的常開端（a)及第二電子開關（。2) 與電感元件（L)丨兩接地電容（C1) (C2)構成一 電源’令兩接地電容電壓呈： 升壓電源電路，其中主控制器會視馬達（6工）運轉情形 ^制第二電子開關（Q 2 )導通週期，以輸出一穩定高壓 9¾ 'y/δ « --CL J.-A- · f .-e. Λ C2 :比例關係，其中 D介於〇-1之間；而馬達（6 i )線圈因為加入高壓電源， 配合主控制器隨著馬達轉子的轉速，順序控制該電流迴路 控制電路（3 0 )的電子開關（Q 3〜Q 8 )，將大電流 依序輸入馬達（6 1 )線圈，令馬達操作在高於額定轉速 之下（供電升壓模式）。 3 ·首先請參閱第二圖c所示，係為本發明應用在電 動载具於高速運轉急轉為低速運轉的減速狀況下，馬達於 發電機模式的啟動時所提供充電電源予蓄電池的控制狀 況。本發明的主控制器會透過該轉速檢知器檢知目前駕驶 者控制電動載具處於高轉速並開始進行減速，因此馬達在 1269519 發電機模式下會提供高轉速動能，相對提高其輸出電量， 而該蓄電池充電有一定額定電壓值，若加入過高電壓會有 損壞蓄電池的可能。 本發明的控制電路首先令電流迴路控制電路（3 〇 ) 全部截止，控制該升降壓切換開關電路（5 〇 )的第一、 第二繼電器激磁（充電降壓模式），再控制第一電子開關 (Q1)導通，而第二電子開關截止（Q2)(高轉速模 式），如此，馬達（6 1 )線圈於發電機模式下所產生電 流會透過電流迴路控制電路（3 〇 )中電子開關所並聯逆 向二極體（D3〜D8)、第二繼電器（R2)的常開端 (a)、第一電子開關（qi)及第二繼電器（R2)的 常開端（a)，與電感元件（L)及兩接地電容器（C1) (C 2 )構成一降壓電源電路，其中該第一電子開關（q 1 )的導通週期的脈寬係由該主控制器予以控制，令兩接 地電容電壓呈h =/)><&比例關係，其中D介於〇〜i之間， 以Ik時依照蓄電池的電量高低調整馬達線圈輸入的電源， 確保蓄電池在高速減速至低速的減速期間的充電安全。 4 ·首先睛參閱參閱第二圖d所示，係為本發明應用 在電動載具於低速運轉減速狀況下，馬達在發電機模式的 啟動下，提供足夠充電電源予蓄電池的控制狀況。本發明 的主控制器會透過該轉速檢知器檢知目前駕駛者控制電動 載具處於低轉速並開始進行減速。由於低轉速馬達在發電 機模式下進行減速，會相對減少其輸出電量，是以，為提 供有效充電電源予蓄電池，會採取以下控制方式·· 1269519 本發明的控制電路首先令電流^!路控制電路（3 的電子開1 (Q3〜Q8)全部截止，控制第—、第二 電态（Rl) (R2)未激磁（充電升壓模式），再押制 第-電子開關（Q i €止，而第二電子開關（工莫 通（低速模式），如此’馬達（61)線圈產生電心 過電流迴路控制電4 ( 3 ◦)電子開關並聯的逆向二ς (D3〜D8)、第二繼電器（R2)常閉端（b) -繼電器（R1)的常閉端（b)與電感元件（L)、第 兩接地電谷（ci)(C2)構成一升壓電源電路，复 :第二電子開g“R 2 )的導通週期會由該主控制器進一 控制’令兩接地電容電壓呈心1^2比例關係，其中： 介於0〜1之間’如此’即可提升接地電容輸出高壓電源， 提供蓄電池有效的充電電量。 由上述說明可知，本發明適用於任何具有充放電模式 的應用電路上，特別是供電端與充電端均非為定速轉動或 定量的電源的組件，因Λ，本發明除了前揭電動载具的應 用外’還可應用於混合型電動載具、風力發電系統及太陽 能發明系統等電源電路。 為此’本發明確實符合產業上的利用性，並符合新型 新穎性及進步性等要件，爰依法具文提出申請。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖·係本發明的一電路圖。 第二圖Α〜D:係本發明電路動作示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1269519 (1 ο)主控制器 (2 0)轉速命令檢知器 (2 1 )煞車命令器 (3 0 )電流迴路控制電路 (4 0 )高低轉速切換開關電路 (5 0 )升降壓切換開關電路 (6 0 )蓄電池 (6 1 )交、直流馬達 111269519 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a bidirectional AC/DC power converter, and more particularly to an electric device that is required to have a charging and discharging mode and operates under an indefinite voltage/indefinite speed. 'To ensure safe charging and to effectively increase the power converter at or above the rated speed. [Prior Art] The early electric vehicle had only one motor operation mode, that is, the motor of the vehicle used the power of the battery to convert it into kinetic energy to drive the vehicle to move or move. In the latter part of the design, in order to enhance the endurance of the electric vehicle, an electric vehicle with a generator mode was invented, as the applicant applied for on February 26, 1992, and in January 1993. The invention patent case of the "No-contact auxiliary brake device for electric vehicles with regenerative energy", No. 572838, approved on the 21st, proposes a brake device with a generator-type electric vehicle, mainly using an electric vehicle. During deceleration, the motor is in a sliding motion state. At this time, the motor can be regarded as a generator mode, and the kinetic energy is converted into electric energy, and then the electric energy converted by the generator is guided and fed back to the battery in accordance with the circuit design. The electric vehicle has a charging effect on the battery during the journey, and the endurance of the motor is naturally extended compared to the earlier pure motor operation mode. Because the electric vehicle has the function of increasing the number of acceleration and deceleration and the charging function between the traveling, it is not necessary to design a suitable circuit for different situations such as the speed difference of the carrier and the charging voltage difference per unit time. In order to provide safe safety of the electric vehicle, the acceleration and deceleration of the Aki, and the different power charging procedures when decelerating at different speeds of 1269519. In addition to the pre-existing electric vehicle, the current natural power generation also has a difference in the degree of change in the speed of rotation, resulting in a difference in the degree of change in output power. Therefore, it is different for the natural power generator/power receiving unit/power unit. Under the change of the degree of electricity or electricity supply, it is necessary to properly handle the power to ensure the safety of electricity at each end. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To this end, the present invention provides a method according to the load operation condition and the degree of change in power consumption, after the power supply at the power supply end is processed, in addition to satisfying the power required by the power terminal, the overvoltage or overvoltage can be avoided. A bidirectional AC/DC power converter that occurs in an unsafe condition such as a current. The main technical means used to achieve the above purpose is to make the bidirectional AC/DC power converter be a switchable power supply circuit or a step-down power supply circuit according to the change of the power supply end and the load end, so that the load end can be Above or below the rated operating value, with the boost or buck of the supply voltage, the load end produces higher operating speeds and lower operating speeds. The right power supply terminal is a battery, and the load terminal can be converted into a generator structure. Because the present invention is a bidirectional power converter, the power supply direction can be switched, and the power generated by the load terminal can be recharged into the battery. To this end, if the present invention is suitable for an electric vehicle having a generator mode, a hybrid electric vehicle, etc., or even a power system that generates electricity by natural power such as wind power or solar energy, it can ensure safe power supply and soar operation range, and Improve conversion efficiency. [Embodiment] 1269519 The present invention relates to a static A ^ . ^ _ to the parent ^ / DC power converter, first of all, as shown in the first figure, is: "- a preferred embodiment, which includes a The main controller (1 〇) ^ ^ is connected to the load terminal and the livestock battery (60) through the detection circuit, and obtains the operating state and the battery power amount which are prepared for the monthly load and the load; the load end of the embodiment can be helmet θ ^ ^ type AC and DC motor (61) is - with generator / motor running mode - a power output detector 'connected to the input of the main controller (10) to detect the power generation end (motor),勹 )) output power ; value; because this embodiment can be applied to AC and DC motors (6 1 ), from 兮φ Β 、, b1), so the power output detector is a speed detector 'to drive the motor The speed in the generator running mode is opposite to the main controller (1〇), and the main controller (10) calculates the amount of electricity corresponding to the material; the speed detector can be -hu (four) should be 0); a current loop The control circuit (3Q) is connected to the output end of the main controller (10) and the load end (motor) Between the two is mainly composed of a plurality of series switches (Q 3, Q 4 ) ( Q 5, q 6 ) ( Q 7 , Q 4 ) in parallel, each series switch (q 3, Q 4 ) (Q 5, q 6 ) (q 7, Q 8 ) is made up of two low-power electronic switches connected in series, and each of the electronic switches is connected in parallel - the reverse diode (D3 ~ D8); if applied to the load side of the AC three-phase motor, then The current loop control circuit is formed by three series of series switches connected in parallel, and the series node of each series switch is connected to the corresponding coil of the motor; if applied to the load end of the two-phase DC motor, the current loop control circuit is composed of two The series series switch can be connected in parallel, wherein each electron opens 1269519 in parallel and the reverse-& is low-speed power, the second can be a flywheel diode, and each electronic switch is two:: speed switching circuit "〇) Connected to the main control two or two rounds of the output, which is controlled by at least two first and second electronic switches 2) (Q1) (Q, is connected to the output of the main controller (1〇) End, and a 1 ^ (D 2 ^ , the reverse diode can be a polar body' and the electronic switch is a high-speed power transistor And a buck-boost switching circuit (50) is disposed at an output end of the main controller 10), the battery (6 〇), the high-low speed switching circuit (40), and a current loop control circuit (3) Between 0), it is composed of at least two relays 8 1) (R2), wherein the second relay (R 1 ) ( R 2 ) (four) end (b) is connected to the high and low speed switch through an inductance element (L) a series connection node of the first and second electronic switches (Q 1 ) (Q 2 ) of the circuit (40), wherein the common terminal is connected to a power connection valley (C 2 ), and the normally open end (a) is connected to the first node The Φ of the relay (R1), (b), and the source of the electronic switch (q 1 ) of the low-speed switching circuit (4〇); and the normally-open end (a) of the first relay (r 1 ) The normally closed end (b) of the second relay (R 2 ) is connected, and the common terminal is connected to a grounding capacitor (C 1 ) and a positive pole of the DC battery (60). The first relay and the second relay may each be replaced by two transistors, and is a switch. Please refer to the first figure and the second figure A to D, so that the present invention is applied to an electric 1269519 dynamic carrier having a generator operating mode, and a DC motor (6丄). When the vehicle is in unit = control situation with variable speed deceleration m control ϋ (1Q = the speed is low, then the input of the main controller (Ω) picking commander (21): 10) is connected - 煞 1 First, please refer to the second figure. In the second figure, when the electric vehicle is running at low speed, the power storage is also applied to the control status of the power supply/return (Θ1). The main "chirp" of the present invention detects that the lack of Ik is determined by the speed detection U to control the electric vehicle to be at a low speed and lower than the rated speed. At this time, the system of the invention is a Thunder π The motor is operated in a lower speed mode by reducing the voltage mode as supplied to the motor coil. First: the main controller controls the buck-boost switch... -, the second relay (R1) (R2) is not energized, that is, Common = switch to the normally closed end, and then control the high-,, 〇) first-electronic switch (Q1) to turn on: off circuit (4 == mode), so f battery (6 〇) will pass through the first The electric component (the normally closed end (b), the first-electronic switch (Q1), and the == two relay (R2) normally closed end..., the two-voltage power supply circuit, wherein the two grounding capacitor voltages are -2% α Φ is the 'lower supply ^ the current loop control circuit (3 〇) = ;:, at this time 'the main controller will follow the motor rotor speed ' 3 ~ QSV Hai current loop control circuit (3 〇) electronic switch (Q Da 'put the small current into the motor coil (6 1 ) in order, so that the motor (6 " operates below the rated speed (Power supply step-down mode);,, 1269519 2 · First eye reference to the second kilogram is not, is the application of the invention in the electric vehicle under the 咼 speed operation, the battery condition. The main controller of the present invention will pass the / The control of the control vehicle controls the electric vehicle to be at a high speed and higher than the rated speed. First, the main controller controls the first and second relays (R1) (R2) of the (four) switch circuit (5 〇). Excitation, that is, the common end is switched to the normally open end (3). Then the electronic switch (Q1) of the high and low switching switch circuit (4:,) is turned off, and the second electronic switch (Q2) is turned on (the south speed mode) In this case, the battery (61) is formed by the normally open end (a) of the first relay (R1) and the second electronic switch (.2) and the inductive component (L) and the two grounding capacitors (C1) (C2). A power supply causes the two grounding capacitor voltages to be: a boosting power supply circuit in which the main controller sees the motor (6-works) operating condition and the second electronic switching (Q 2) conducting period to output a stable high voltage 93⁄4 'y/ δ « --CL J.-A- · f .-e. Λ C2 : proportional relationship, where D is between 〇-1 The motor (6 i ) coil is connected to the high-voltage power supply, and the main controller controls the electronic switch (Q 3~Q 8 ) of the current loop control circuit (3 0 ) in accordance with the rotational speed of the motor rotor. The current is sequentially input to the motor (6 1 ) coil, so that the motor operates above the rated speed (power supply boost mode). 3 · First, please refer to the second figure c, which is applied to the electric vehicle in the present invention. In the deceleration state in which the high-speed operation is rapidly turned to the low-speed operation, the motor provides the control state of the charging power to the battery when the generator mode is started. The main controller of the present invention detects that the current driver controls the electric vehicle to be at a high speed and starts to decelerate through the speed detector, so that the motor provides high speed kinetic energy in the 1269519 generator mode to relatively increase the output power. The battery is charged with a certain rated voltage. If excessive voltage is added, the battery may be damaged. The control circuit of the present invention first turns off the current loop control circuit (3 〇), controls the first and second relays of the buck-boost switching circuit (5 〇) to be excited (charge buck mode), and then controls the first electronic switch. (Q1) is turned on, and the second electronic switch is turned off (Q2) (high speed mode). Thus, the current generated by the motor (6 1 ) coil in the generator mode is transmitted through the electronic switch in the current loop control circuit (3 〇). Parallel reverse diode (D3 to D8), normally open end (a) of the second relay (R2), first electronic switch (qi), and normally open end (a) of the second relay (R2), and an inductance element (L) And two grounding capacitors (C1) (C 2 ) constitute a step-down power supply circuit, wherein the pulse width of the on-period of the first electronic switch (q 1 ) is controlled by the main controller, so that the two grounding capacitor voltages are h = /) ><& proportional relationship, where D is between 〇 ~ i, in the case of Ik, adjust the power supply of the motor coil according to the battery's power level, to ensure that the battery is charged during high-speed deceleration to low-speed deceleration Safety. 4 · First look at the second figure d, which is the application of the invention. Under the low-speed running deceleration condition of the electric vehicle, the motor provides sufficient charging power to the battery under the start of the generator mode. The main controller of the present invention detects that the current driver controls the electric vehicle to be at a low speed and starts to decelerate through the speed detector. Since the low-speed motor decelerates in the generator mode, the output power is relatively reduced. Therefore, in order to provide an effective charging power to the battery, the following control mode is adopted. 1269519 The control circuit of the present invention first controls the current The circuit (3 electronic open 1 (Q3 ~ Q8) is all cut off, control the first -, second electrical state (Rl) (R2) is not excited (charge boost mode), and then the first - electronic switch (Q i € And the second electronic switch (Working Mot (low speed mode), so the 'motor (61) coil generates the electric core over current loop control electric 4 (3 ◦) electronic switch in parallel with the reverse two turns (D3 ~ D8), the second Relay (R2) normally closed end (b) - The normally closed end (b) of the relay (R1) and the inductive component (L) and the second grounded electric valley (ci) (C2) form a boosting power supply circuit, complex: The conduction period of the two electrons open "R 2 " will be controlled by the main controller to make the two grounding capacitors voltage 1^2 proportional relationship, wherein: between 0 and 1 'so' can improve the grounding capacitance Output high-voltage power supply to provide effective battery charge. The present invention is applicable to any application circuit having a charge and discharge mode, in particular, a power supply terminal and a charging terminal are not components of a power supply that is rotated or quantized at a constant speed, because the present invention is not limited to the application of the electric vehicle. It can be applied to power supply circuits such as hybrid electric vehicles, wind power generation systems and solar inventive systems. For this reason, the invention is in line with industrial applicability and meets the requirements of new novelty and progress, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure is a circuit diagram of the present invention. The second figure Α~D: is a schematic diagram of the circuit operation of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1269519 (1 ο) main controller (2 0) Speed command detector (2 1) brake commander (3 0) current loop control circuit (4 0) high and low speed switch circuit (5 0) buck-boost switch circuit (60) battery (6 1) AC, DC Motor 11