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TW459116B - Method for displacing pressurized liquefied gas from containers - Google Patents

Method for displacing pressurized liquefied gas from containers Download PDF

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Publication number
TW459116B
TW459116B TW088121823A TW88121823A TW459116B TW 459116 B TW459116 B TW 459116B TW 088121823 A TW088121823 A TW 088121823A TW 88121823 A TW88121823 A TW 88121823A TW 459116 B TW459116 B TW 459116B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
container
pressure
liquid
replacement liquid
scope
Prior art date
Application number
TW088121823A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert M Woodall
Moses Minta
Original Assignee
Exxon Production Research Co
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Publication of TW459116B publication Critical patent/TW459116B/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/061—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)

Description

經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印 厶59 ” 6 A7 __________B7_ — _ ___ 〜一 五、發明說明（1 ) 發明範圍 本發明係關於處理加壓液化煤氣’且更確定地說，係 關於卸載其中含加壓液化煤氣之容器的方法。 發明背景 因爲其乾淨燃燒品質及方便性，近年來變成廣泛地使 用煤氣，許多煤氣源位在遙遠地區，與煤氣的任何商業市 場有很長的距離，有時候可周管瑱將產生的煤氣輸送至茼 業市場，當管線輸送不可行時，產生的煤氣通常處理成液 化煤氣（其稱爲、、L N G 〃）烘運送至市場。 最近fen s義在尚於一112C ( — 1^70^)之溫度及 足以使其爲液體之壓力或低於·其始拂點溫度下運送煤氣， 對於大多數的煤氣組成物，在高於—1 α 2 C的溫度下的 煤氣壓力是在約1 ，380kPa (2〇〇ps i a)及 約4 ，5 0 ◦ k P a C 6 5 0 p s i a )之間，此加壓液 化煤氣稱爲F L N G以便與L N G有所區別，：L N G是在 趨近大氣壓力及在約- 160 °C之溫度下運送。 如杲自容器卸載P LNG是經由泵出P LNG並使容 器壓力下降，P L N G的減壓縮可使容器內的溫度下降至 低於容器許可的設計溫度、如杲取出P L N G時保持容器 之壓力以防止此溫度下降，停留在容器內的蒸汽將含大量 質量百分數之容器原先貨物 > 決定於儲存的壓力及溫度以 及P L N G之組成、取出液體前的容器內蒸汽可含從約 1 0至2 0%的P LN G質量，在經濟可能下需要取出最 本紙張尺皂遶罔中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210« 297公愛） ------------Oj--------訂--------線勺 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) -4 - A7 4 5 9 η 6 _B7 ____ 五、發明.說明（2 ) 大星的此氣體，且问時將谷器保持在卸載P L N G目ij的約 略相同溫度。 槪述 本發明係關於卸載含液化煤氣及耗損量煤氣的多個容 器之方法，其中液化煤氣之溫度高於-1 1 2 °C且壓力實 質上在其始沸點，在方法之第一個步驟中，將加壓置換液 體塡入多個容器中的第一個以置換其中的加壓液化煤氣及 耗損量煤氣，置換液體之壓力大於液化煤氣之壓力且足以 從容器置換液化煤氣，然後從第一個容器將置換液體抽至 多個容器中的第二個以置換其中的液化煤氣及耗損量煤氣 ，當置換液體從第一個容器取岀時，取出置換液體造成的 空間用壓力低於第二個容器中置換液體壓力之蒸汽塡滿， 低壓煤氣之壓力範圍較宜在約50及200ps i a ( 345 1^?3及13801^?3)之間且較宜衍生自液化 煤氣，低壓煤氣可例如經由蒸發液化煤氣或從液化煤氣沸 騰產生，將第一個容器與第二個容器之間的流體連通阻塞 並在達續的所有容器中重複前述步驟，只有序列中最後一 個容器除外：其係從其中將置換液體抽出至輔助容器儲存 而不是到另一個容器。 在進行本發明時，全部的容器都排空加壓液化煤氣而 不會明顯分解液化煤氣且容器塡滿較低壓的蒸汽：與排空 液化煤氣並塡滿高壓煤氣之容器比較，在容器中的較低壓 蒸汽將含實質上較少的質量，當容器再度裝載液化煤氣時 .本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210^ 297公髮） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ________丁 I I | ,\ . I t 言· 1 ^ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -5 - 經濟部智慧財產局夤工消費合作社印製 容器 容器 容器 管線 管線 管線 流體分離器 閥 閥 閥 45 9 t 1 β Α7 Β7 五、發明.說明（3 ) ，容器中的煤氣通常再度液化，在液化工廠降低再度液化 的煤氣量，可明顯地降低輸送液化煤氣的整體成本。 附圖之簡要說明 参照下列詳細說明及附圖，將可更了解本發明及其優 點，其爲說明根據進行本發明的液化方法之一個本發明具 體實施例的簡化流程圖，此流程圖代表進行本發明方法之 一個較佳具體實施例，結果爲此特定具體實施例之正常且 預期的修改之其他具體實施例之附圖不能從本發明之範圍 排除，各種需要的附屬系統例如閥、流動混合機、控制系 統及感測器都從圖中去除，以達到簡化及淸楚表示之目的 ^ Ml (¾, ' 主要元件對照表 1 2 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 2 2 2 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210x 297公爱） --------------------訂--------in (請先閉讀背面之江意事項再填寫本I) 6 - 經濟部智«.財產局員工消費合作社印5衣 45 91 Ί 6 Α7 _Β7 五、發明.說明（4 ) 5 1 液體輸送管線 4 8 液體輸送管線 4 9 液體輸送管線 5 0 液體輸送管線 2 2 閥 2 5 閥 2 8 閥 5 6 管線 4 5 輸送管線 4 6 輸送管線 4 7 輸送管線 2 1 控制閥 2 4 控制閥 2 7 控制閥 13 泵 14 泵 15 泵 4 0 管線 10 儲存槽> 2 0 閥 11 泵 5 3 管線 5 7 管線 (請先閒讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 衣·------丨訂---------線. 本纸張尺度適用中囷國家標準（CNS)Ai規格（210。297公釐） 459 116 經濟部智竑財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五·、發明說明（5 ) 發.曰月之詳細說明 進行本發明時，從儲存槽將置換液體抽至第一個容器 或第一個容器組的底部，從第一個容器/組置換液化煤氣 且同時將液化煤氣的壓力大約保持在卸載前液化煤氣之相 同壓力，從第一個容器/組取出液化煤氣後，從第一個容 器/組抽出置換液體至第二個容器/容器組，當液化煤氣 被a換液體置換時，在第一個容器/組中的操作壓力大約 保持在卸載前液化煤氣之相同壓力，將液化煤氣輸送至主 要裝貨栗，並使用蒸汽作爲燃料或作爲卸載方法中的低壓 氣體來源使用。 從第一個容器/組取出液化煤氣時，將第一個容器/ 組中的置換液體抽至第二個容器/組以置換其中的液化煤 氣，從第一個容器抽出置換液體的同時，將低壓氣體通入 弟一個谷益以境補液體取出造成的空間，氣體的來源較宜 疋其他液化煤氣容器之沸騰氣體或在卸載方法中產生的 再度蒸發的液化煤氣或從再度蒸發設備。 ： 現在將參照附圖說明本發明，其中描述可在陸上或船 艙上的三個容器1、 2及3，基於簡化本發明說明之目的 ，附圖中只列出三個容器，必須了解本發明不限於特定數 目之容器 > 設計供運輸加壓液化煤氣的船可有更多的加壓 P L N G容器，數個槽之間的管線可排列後使容器能按組 卸載，且任何組可在任何順序下卸載或排放，卸載的順序 將要考慮.容器貨船之平衡及穩定：此爲熟諳此藝者所熟知 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2]〇χ 297公愛） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^ . I - -----訂--------- -8 - 4 5 9 116 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消賢合作社印製 五、發明說明（6) 各容器或容器組有提供壓力釋放閥、壓力感測器、流 體量指示器、及壓力警報系統與合適的絕緣丨共低溫操作， 這些系統在圖中省略，因爲熟諳此藝者對此系統的建造及 操作很熟悉，其對了解本發明之實務並不需要。 在此說明中，假設容器1、2及3含加壓液化煤氣（ P L N G )，但是本發明不限於卸載P L N G，在本發明 中可卸載低沸點的其他加壓液化氣體，P L N G將在溫度 高於- 1 1 2°C且壓力實質上在其始沸點下運送，在本說 明中所稱的”始沸點M係指液體開始轉變成氣體之溫度及壓力 ，例如，如果某個體積的P L N G在定壓下保存，但其溫 度增加，在P L N G中氣體開始形成氣泡的溫度稱爲始沸 點，同樣地，如果某個體積的P L N G在定溫下保存，.但 其壓力下降，在P L N G中氣體開始形成氣泡的壓力稱爲 始沸點，在始沸點時，液化氣體爲飽和的液體。 再度參照附圖.容器1及2經由管線4 2進行流體連 接，且容器2及3經由管線4 3進行流體連接且容器3 及流體分離器1 2經由管線4 4進行流體連接，管線4 2 、4 3及4 4分別含閥2 3、 2 6及2 9，供阻塞或停止 此流體連接，流體分離器1 2也有液體輸送管線5 1其分 別經由液體輸送管線4 8、 4 9及5 〇連接至容器1、 2 及3，輸送管線4 8、 4 9及5 0分別含閥2 2、 2 5及 2 8供調整經過此輸送管線之流動，從流體分離器1 2之 頂部蒸汽可流經管線5 6及分別經由輸送管線4 5 ' 46 及47至容器1、 2及3，輸送管線45、 46及47含 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS_)^_4規格（2]0 X 297公芨1 ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----•訂---------線I、 9 - 4 5 9116 A7 __B7_ 五、發明說明（7 ) 憒用的控制閥2 1、 2 4及2 7供調整經過管線4 5、 4 6及4 7之蒸汽及將管線5 6中相當高壓的氣體之壓力 降低至所要的低壓例如5 0至2 ◦ 0 p s 1 a (345 kPa至1380kPa),能在水中的泵13、 14及 1 5分別位在或靠近容器1、 2及3之底部經由管線4 2 、43及44抽送液體。 達成卸載容器1是經由連接管線4 0至含置換液體之 合適的儲存槽1 0 ,打開閥2 0及2 2並關閉所有的其他 閥，適當的泵1 1將置換液體從儲存槽1 0經由管線4 0 輸送至容器1之底部，置換液體經由管線4 8及管線5 1 從容器1置換P L N G至相分離器1 2 ^加入容器1的置 換液體之壓力必須大於P L N G之壓力且合適從容器1置 換PLNG,爲了防止PLNG之任何實質上的再度蒸發 ，置換液體的溫度較宜接至被置換的PLNG之溫度，當 P L N G被置換液體從容器1取出後，關閉閥2 0及2 2 並打開閥21、 23及25,用泵13將置換液體從容器 1經由管線4 2輸送至容器2之底部，在容器2中的 P L N G經由管線4 9及5 1從容器2置換至相分離器 1 2 >當置換液體從容器1取出時，經由管線4 5加入低 壓氣體以替換從容器1取出液體造成的空間，當容器2排 空P L N G後，關閉閥2 1、 2 3及2 5並打開閥2 4、 2 6及2 8 ,然後用泵1 4將容器2的置換液體經由管線 4 3輸送至容器3之底部，當置換液體排空容器3的 P L N G後_ ,關閉閥2 6及2 8並打開閥2 7及2 9.並用 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇χ 297_公釐) ~ -10 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^ I I_____丁________- s^· .-J·-口· 皂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 45 9116 at B7 五、發明說明（8 ) 泵15將置換液體抽至儲存槽1〇,當置換液體從容器3 取出時，經由管線4 7加入低壓氣體至容器3，從分離器 1 2之P L N G經由管線5 2通至合適的設備供再度蒸發 、進一步處理或儲存，從分離器1 2之蒸汽可作爲氣體源 使用，如上述用低壓氣體塡滿容器，或者是將蒸汽作爲燃 料使用，在從容器1、 2及3置換PLNG時可能帶入管 線4 5、 4 6及4 7的任何置換液體可在分離器1 2中與 P L· N G分離並經由管線5 3回收至儲存糟1 〇。 可以使用視需要選用的輸送管線5 7補充第一個容器 後從一或多個容器置換P L N G所需的置換液體，例如， 如杲置換液體隨著P LNG帶入管線5 7或如果容器2的 容積大於容器1時，需要額外的置換液體。 在本發明中使用的置換液體可爲供從容器置換加壓液 化煤氣的任何適當的液體，置換液體之凝固點較宜低於液 化煤氣之溫度，密度大於液化煤氣，在容器中液化煤氣的 操作情形下對液化煤氣有低的溶解度，在溫度低·於 —112°C 且壓力高於 300psia C2069kPa )下供置換P L N G的合適置換液體實例包括乙醇、正丙 醇及四氫呋喃，其中以乙醇較佳，因爲其有較低的成本， 置換液體的選擇將根據液體成本與置換液體在液化煤氣中 的溶解度損突之平衡決定，如果置換液體有低的成本，可 以接受較高的溶解度。 雖然沒有在附圖中顯示，低壓氣體加入容器前，如杲 從高壓氣體源至容器的壓力下降造成氣體溫度下降至低於 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I____丁 I __一泉' — I— till I I 秦 — 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -11- 經濟部智慧財產局員Η消費合作社印製 Α7 -----------Β7 五、發明說明（9) 合益的設計溫度時，需要用任何合適的溫熱裝置溫熱低壓 氣體。 如上所述持續卸載貨船或陸上設備的全部容器直到卸 載最後一個容器，在進行此卸載方法時，全部的容器都塡 低壓氣體，如果低壓氣體衍生自P L N G ,例如從 PLNG沸騰，卸載PLNG後殘留在容器中的低壓氣體 質量將代表約1至3 %原先裝載的p l N G之質量，氣體 之溫度及壓力將在容器設計的最低溫度及最大壓力範圍內 〇 熟諳此藝者，尤其是從本發明之揭示可獲益者，將了 角军上述方法可有許多改良及變化，例如，決定於系統之整 體設計及PLNG之組成，根據本發明可使用多種溫度及 壓力，而且決定於設計要求，p L N G容器之管線連接可 以補充或重新設計，使達到最佳化及有效的熱交換要求， 此外》從船上取出P L N G之部份處理可經由加入可與顯 示的相分離器12互相交換的裝置達成，如上文之討論， 特定說明之具體實施例及實例不能用於限制本發明之範圍 ，其係由下文的專利申請範圍及其同等物決定。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2]0 X 297公釐） ------------'---------^----*-----線.、I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -12 -

Claims (1)

  1. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 45 9 116 A8 B8 CS DS 六、申請專利範圍 1 . 一種從富含曱烷及耗損量氣體的液化煤氣之多個 容器置換的方法，該液化煤氣之溫度高於-1 1 2 °C C 1 7 Ο T )且壓力在實質上其始沸點，其步驟包括： C a )將加壓置換液體塡入該多個容器以卸載其中的 加壓液化煤氣及耗損量氣體，該置換液體之壓力大於液化 煤氣之壓力； (b )將置換液體從第一個容器抽至多個容器的第二 個容器以卸載其中的液化煤氣並用壓力低於第二個容器中 置換液體的壓力之蒸汽塡入經由取出置換液體在第一個容 器中造成的空間；及 (c )阻塞第一個容器與第二個容器之間的流體連接 入並依序對全部該容器重複步驟（a )及（b ),直到全 部的容器排空液化煤氣並塡滿低壓蒸汽，除了最後一個容 器是從其中將置換液體抽至輔助容器。 2 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中置換液體 之溫度爲高於_ 1 1 2 °C。 3 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中置換液體 是乙醇。 4 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中置換液體 是正丙醇。 5 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中置換液體 是四氫D夫喃。 6 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中步驟（b )之氣體是衍生自液化煤氣。 本紙張尺度適闬中國固家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公芨） ------------- --------—ί (請先閱讀背靣之注意事項再填寫本頁) -13 - 459116 六、申請寻利範圍 7 根據申請專利範圍第丨項之方法’其中蒸汽之壓 力低於 2 0 0 p s ! a ( 1 3 8 ◦ k p a )。 {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 8 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中置換液體 之溫度大約相同於第一個容器中液化煤氣之溫度。 9 ·根據申請專利範圍第丄項之方法，.還包括回收在 步驟（c )中抽至輔助槽之置換液_以提供至少—部份在 步驟（a )中的置換液體。 1 0，根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其步驟還包 括將步驟（a )排出的液化煤氣及耗損量氣體通入相分離 器’產生蒸汽相及至少一個液體相，從分離器抽出蒸汽， 膨脹蒸汽以降低其壓力，經膨脹的蒸汽通入第一個容器作 爲步驟（b)之低壓蒸汽並從分離器抽出供進一步處理富 含液化煤氣之液體流。 1 1 ·根據申請專利範圍第i項之方法，還包括從分 離器抽出富含置換液體之液體流。 1 2 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其步驟還包 括回收從分離器抽出富含置換液體之液體以提供至少一部 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印^ 體 液 換 置 的 中 B Γν 驟 步 項 I-1 第 圍 範 利 專 請 申 在 份 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2】〇 χ 297公釐） -14 -
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