TW435029B - Method and system for optimizing routing of data packets - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and system for determining a route for a packet traveling over at least one system from a source to a destination is disclosed. A first geographic area corresponds to the source and a second geographic area corresponds to the destination. The destination further has an address which does not indicate the second geographic area. In this aspect, the method and system include associating an address for the destination with the second geographic area to allow selection of the route for the data packet based on the second geographic area and selecting the route based on a second geographic area. In a second aspect, the method and system include providing a direct link having a controllable amount of traffic and selecting the direct link as at least a portion of the route when a data packet to the destination is to be routed. The method and system also facilitate selection of a route for a data packet. In this aspect, the method and system include obtaining information relating to an autonomous system. The autonomous system has a geographic area. The information includes the geographic area. In this aspect, the method and system also include associating the autonomous system with the geographic area to allow selection of the route based on the geographic area.

Description

Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Smart Assets A-Employees, Consumer Cooperatives

LA 7. _______B7_ V. Description of the Invention (i) [Field of Invention] The present invention relates to the transmission path of data packets, and more particularly to improved methods and systems for determining transmission paths, especially for the Internet The packet is sent to a destination related to another country. [Background of the Invention] Different types of transmission networks can be used to transfer information between users located in different locations. The information sent basically contains an address message that indicates where the information will be forwarded. This address information enables the network to send information to the intended recipient. The transmission network for transmitting information includes a plurality of interconnected nodes. An outlet is a place on the network where input information such as packet flow can flow to one of multiple paths. The branch has sufficient decision-making ability to determine the path β of one of f according to the address information and the communication protocol left on the network. Therefore, the branch can determine the transmission path of the information `` can send information to the next branch, Traversing a transmission network to reach its destination. k One such transmission network is the traditional public switched telephone network (" PSTN "). In the traditional PSTN, the branch is a traditional telephone exchange. The routing decision made by the branch is used for the setting of the incoming call. The address information on which the decision is based contains the telephone number of the callee. The telephone number of the callee usually has 10 digits. Using the United States as a sword, the 10-digit number includes a three-digit area code and a three-digit exchange code. In the traditional PSTN, there is a close relationship between a telephone number and a geographic location. For example, in a 10-digit telephone number, its area code indicates a specific geographic area. The exchange code is # f $ & this part of the geographic switch. The destination is also the name of the paper, which is called the Chinese standard (CNS) A4 specification < 210x197 mm " 5 ~ ------ 91540 ---------- binding line ( Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) 4 35 29 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) (Please read the notes on the back and fill in the phone number of this person > Partial order β Generally, when more digits are assigned to a telephone number, the geographic location of the telephone exchange used to ring the callee's telephone number can be determined faster. Therefore, the outlets in the traditional PST1ST use the callee's Phone numbers route calls directly to the geographic area closest to the receiver's physical location. Traditional telephone transmission switches ensure that the longest and ineffective route is not used to route calls to the receiver. The transmission network using a computer is The Internet. The Internet can be used to send data packets between two locations, one for the sender and the other as the destination. The Internet can be considered as a protocol that can communicate with the Internet ("IP" A collection of compatible systems. Unlike P Traditional transmission networks such as STN, the Internet can be used for a variety of services. The Internet has a greater tolerance for errors' and can be used for a wider range of speeds and transmission media than the PSTN. Consumption cooperation: Each packet transmitted through the Internet contains an address message. The address message in the packet contains the destination address of the receiving end of the packet. The destination address contains the destination IP address 〇IP address contains 4 integers, each integer is separated by a period. Each whole can be an integer β from 0 to 255. For example, the IP address and destination address can be 202.123.123.6. The IP address is usually assigned to an autonomous system ("AS") in the Internet. An autonomous system is a collection of all IP addresses and devices and communication links with IP in a single domain. IP addresses are assigned The autonomous system of the address can be an Internet service provider (ISP). It can specify a range of IP addresses for a particular AS, for example, 'an AS may have IP addresses from 202.123.4.0 to 202.123. 7.255. For Bao Ke applies the standard of paper for information transmission to the national standard of the country < CNS) A4 specification < 210X297 mm) 2 91540 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Bureau of Intellectual Property 1. Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ~~~ — — ___ B7 5 3. Description of invention (3) Send to the correct destination 'Each AS must be able to decide how to reach the autonomous system with the destination address. Therefore, the ASs on the Internet tell each other how to find IP addresses in various ranges on the Internet. Each AS publishes its range to the entire Internet, announcing, if you have a traffic range for one of these IP addresses, send it to me. Other AS use this information to confirm that the data packet arrives at the AS 'designated destination address, which is the destination. There are many ways that I packets can be used to traverse the Internet. The path contains several packets that AS must pass to reach the destination »Basically, the router is used as a ^ network point, and multiple paths can be accessed via this packet to reach the destination" using the destination address of the IP packet , The router located in the Internet decides how to send the packet to the AS ', which is the destination. A packet may have to go through a series of routers before reaching its destination ^ Some traditional routers choose the path that has the least number of ASs that they must pass before reaching their destination. k Although the Internet can transfer packets from the sender to the destination, this path may be slow or may cause packet loss. Because there is no geographical relationship between the destination address and the actual location of the AS that specifies the destination address. Because it is possible to assign a range of IP addresses to the same AS ', all IP addresses may be entered in groups. For example, the IP address range assigned to AS in Japan may be 202.123.4.0 to 202.123.7.255. However, there is no agreement that all IP addresses in a specific range belong to a specific country or AS associated with a geographical area. So 'the same destination address may correspond to the geographically separated paper standard of the General Chinese National Standard (CMS) A4 specification (210X297 mm): — 3 91540 ---------- installation ---- -, tr ------ ^ (read the notes on the back first and then fill out this page) 4 ^ 6023 A7 B7______ 5. Description of Invention (4) A far destination. The destination address does not indicate the geographic location of the destination or the geographic location of the AS that specifies the destination IP address. {Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Partly because the destination address is not connected to the geographic area, the router cannot make the optimal path selection. The unoptimized path may slow the end-to-end Of Internet traffic or sending traffic over congested links. As discussed above, the router uses the destination address to determine the path of the packet. However, the destination address table contains information about the geographic area of the destination, the geographic area of the AS used by the destination, or the geographic area of the router between the sender and the destination. Therefore, the route chosen by the router may make it necessary for the packets to be transmitted geographically over very long distances. For example, 'in order to reach a destination with an IP address assigned to the first AS in the UK', a packet generated by a second AS in the US may have to be passed to a third AS in Asia and then to a third AS in Asia The UK's first AS ^ because this path has the least as. However, because the data packet is transmitted over such a long distance, it may slow down the transmission of the data packet. In addition, the data packet may have to cross several international links. Usually has very high link usage. As a result, packets may be lost or transmission may be slowed. What is needed, therefore, are systems and methods that can be used to more efficiently transmit data packets. The present invention provides this requirement β [Inventive Concept] The present invention provides a method and system for determining a transmission path for a data packet that passes at least one system from a transmitting end to a destination. After i while writing for the end zone first hearing should _ ^ ^ _ Scale applicable Chinese national Zhang Min rub quasi (cns) A4 ^ 721jt ^; d-- land. Head | 91540 4 A7 B7 V. The description of the invention (5) also has an address that does not correspond to the second geographical area "In this concept, this method and system includes the use of the destination address and the second The geographic regions are associated so that a transmission path can be selected for the packet based on the second geographic region. In the first concept, the method and system include providing a controllable communication link and selecting at least this direct link as a part of the sending path when transmitting the data packet to the destination. In another concept, this method and system can accomplish tasks in an Internet environment. In this concept, the 'sender has a first Internet Protocol ("IP") address assigned to the first autonomous system, and the destination has a second IP address assigned to-the second autonomous system. The first autonomous system has a first geographical area 'and the second autonomous system has a second geographical area. In this concept, the method and system include obtaining a second geographic area for the second autonomous system, mapping the second geographic area to the second autonomous system, so that a path can be selected according to the second geographic area, and selecting to connect to The direct connection of the third autonomous region of the two geographic regions is part of the path. This method and system also assist in choosing the path for the data package. In this concept, the method and system involve obtaining information related to the autonomous system. This autonomous system has a geographic area. This information includes geographic areas. The method and system also include associating an autonomous system with a geographic area so that a route can be selected based on the geographic area. According to the system and method disclosed herein, the present invention can more quickly and at a lower rate of data loss during transmission The packet is transmitted to the destination. [Brief description of the drawings] Figure 1 shows a partial block diagram of the Internet that can use the present invention. Β This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297). 91540 $ Matters rewrite this page. Binding of the Ministry of Economy Wisdom. Property-Bureau. Industry 'printed by the Consumer Cooperative 5 4 35 0 2 9, A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (6) FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a conventional method for selecting a transmission path from a packet transmitted from a sender to a destination. Figure 3 depicts a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for selecting a transmission path based on a geographical area according to the present invention. The fourth circle shows the implementation of the method for selecting a path for a data packet according to the present invention. A more detailed flowchart of the example. Fig. 5A is a flowchart for explaining an embodiment of a method for selecting a route according to the present invention. Fig. 5B is a more detailed flowchart showing an embodiment of the method for selecting a path according to the present invention. Fig. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a preferred embodiment of a method for selecting a transmission path based on a geographical area according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a detailed flowchart of a preferred embodiment of a method for selecting a transmission path based on a geographical area according to the present invention. FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a method for selecting a transmission path based on a geographical area according to the present invention when the autonomous system is not directly connected to the autonomous system of the country where the destination is located. Figure 9 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a method for associating a geographic area with an address in accordance with the present invention. Figure 10A is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a general method for associating a geographical area with an address using an external database according to the present invention. FIG. 10B is a flowchart showing a preferred embodiment of a method for associating a geographic area with an address using a first external database according to the present invention. Figure 10C shows the use of the second external database in accordance with the present invention. Please read the precautions in ii and then fill in%. This is a tally. This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). 6 91540 5 Description of the Invention (7) A flowchart of a preferred embodiment of a method for associating geographic areas with addresses. Figure 10D shows a method for associating geographic areas with addresses using a third external database in accordance with the present invention. Flowchart of the preferred embodiment. [Simplified description of symbols] Printed by Xiao i Consumer Cooperative, Bureau of Intelligent Finance, Ministry of Economic Affairs 10 11 12 14 15 24 34 [Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to the transmission of data packets through the Internet. The improvement of the Internet, especially for those packets that will be delivered to destinations located in another country. The following description is provided to enable anyone skilled in the art to use the invention 'and to apply patents and their needs The point of view. Although the present invention will be described by taking a specific embodiment as an example, various modifications to this preferred embodiment will be made to those skilled in the art. It is easy to see, and the general rules set forth herein will be applicable to other embodiments. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown, but will make the principles and features described here the broadest. The purpose is consistent. Figure 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a portion of the Internet 10 that can be used to transfer packets (not shown) between different locations such as the originator and destination 34. Internet 1 〇 Contains a number of autonomous systems ("AS") 12, 20 33 16 29 22, 26, 28, 32, 36 17 30 23 31 25, 35 Internet sender autonomous system router connection network access point Destination --------- Approval ------ iT ------ 0 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) The paper scale is applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS > A4 specifications (210X297 public broadcasting) 7 91540 435〇29 ,, A7 ___— B7 *, invention description (8) '~' — 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32. AS 12 can be changed as shown in 囷, 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 are connected to each other to form part of the Internet. Β, 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 can be combined with special For example, AS 12 and AS 32 are connected to originator n and destination 34 < > As u, respectively, to AS 20, AS 22 and As 28 via links 15, 16 and 17. As 12 can be said to be directly connected to AS 2 0 because the path between AS 12 and μ 2 0 did not pass through any other AS 22, 26, 28 and 32. The path that can be used to send a packet from the sender to the destination is called a logical path. AS 22 is connected to AS 26 and AS 20 via a network access point (NAP) 24, link 23, and links 25 and 35, respectively. AS 28 is connected to as 32 via NAP 30 and links 29 and 31. NAP 24 and 30 will be described in more detail below. AS26 connects to AS 20 and AS 32 via links 21 and 27 respectively. »AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 usually contains one or more business units. ' Such as a university, company, or other organization. However, each of AS 1, 2, 20, 22, 26 '28, or 32 also includes multiple geographically dispersed and unrelated organizations. You can also specify one or more Internet Protocol address ranges (IPs) for AS 12 '20, 22, 26, 28, or 32. For example, 'assigned to AS 12 is the address of the originator π. Assigned to as 32 is the IP address of destination 34. AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 can also be considered to include at least one router under a single management domain. For example, AS 12 and AS 32 are described as having routers μ and 33 respectively, although not shown ' Other routers may also exist in AS 12, 20 '22, 26' 28, and 32. In addition, the special AS 12, 20, 22, this paper size is suitable for financial and family standards & division) A4 size (21GX297 mm)--91540 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -Ordered by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs for work-sale and consumption cooperation printing 8. V. Invention Description (9 26 m2 appears in other 312, 20'22, 26, 28, or 32 with single-coherent internal transmission path planning. Special ^ 122〇22, 26, 28, or 32 presents a consistent phenomenon that can reach locations such as destination 34 or originator 11 through this $. Each of β AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 has its own Related special 4 AS & AS. AS Daima is directed by three registered organizations, which are the American Registry for Internal Numbers KARIN, the European IP Registry (Reseaux ιρ

Eur〇Peans) (RIPE), and Asia_Pacific Internet Resource Center (Hachiman ·

Pacific Network Information Center) (APNIC). Therefore, regardless of where AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 are located on the earth, they all have an AS code. The AS code is specified because it is a necessary condition for using Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (BGP4). BGP4 is a formal and internal AS transfer protocol currently used in Internet 1Q. Therefore, as 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 can be considered as a collection of Internet routers such as routers 14 or 33, all of which use the same AS code to connect to other parts of the Internet. In this part of Internet 10 shown in Figure 1, the AS codes for each AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 are the numbers following the dash in Figure 1. For example, AS 12 has an AS code of one and AS 20 has an AS code of two. In order to decide how to send a packet to a destination such as destination 34, AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 2S or 32 and AS 12, 20, 22, 26 '28 or 32 which may or may not be directly connected communication. For example, this paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 public ϋ 91540 ^ ------ 1T ------ ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Ministry of Economy 43 Huicai i: Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives 9 435029, A7 ________B7_ 5. In the description of the invention (W), 'AS 12 is directly connected to AS 20 via high-speed telecommunications link 15. Similarly,' AS 20 BJ via link 21 and connect to AS 26. However, AS 12 is not directly connected to AS 26. If router 14 in AS 12 is communicating with router 33 in AS 32 or router (not shown) in AS 20, then there must be a way to use Informing AS 12 of how to reach another AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 »BGP4 is an agreement that allows such reachability messages to be transmitted. Use AS 12 20, 22, 26, 28 and 32 to transmit via BGP4 Address information in reachability messages and packets. AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28 and 32 can communicate and forward packets between sender 11 and destination 34. AS 12, 20, 22, 26 , 28 and 32 each send a reachability message describing the specified IP address range. The other AS 20, 22, 26, and 28 Get and Reach this Reachability Message "For example, AS 12 and AS 32 will send BGP messages describing the IP address ranges assigned to AS 12 and AS 32, respectively. AS 12 and AS 32 use this Broadcast its reachability message. AS 26 receives the reachability message for AS 32 and forwards this message to AS 20. AS 20 receives the reachability message for AS 32 from AS 26 β AS 20 notifies AS 12 via AS 20 can reach AS 32 'that is, the IP address assigned to AS 32. Similarly, AS 20 receives a reachability message from AS 12 and forwards this message to AS 26 »AS 26 receives the availability for AS i 2 And inform AS 32 that AS 12 is reachable via AS 26 'that is, the IP address assigned to AS 12. AS 12 and AS 32 advertise their 1P network or advertise their path 11 by connecting AS 20 and AS 26 As a network switch between AS 1 2 and AS 32, it can provide transmission for AS 12 and AS 32 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2IOX297 mm) 10 91540 Yucai Cooperative, member of the 1 'Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs印 7 A7 _______ 5. Description of invention (u) Services. So ‘AS 20 and AS 26 allow data packets to pass through AS 20 and AS 26, respectively. Therefore, data packets can be transmitted between the sender 11 and the destination 34 using the IP addresses of the sender 11 and the destination 34 as the destination addresses, respectively. From the perspective of the above message exchange, AS 12 and AS 20 can be said to be mutually equal, because they can directly exchange remote information with each other via BGP4. Similarly, AS 20 and AS 26 are equal to each other. Although the path described in the above example allows AS 12 and AS 32 to communicate via AS 22 and AS 26 'This communication can also occur on paths via AS 22 and AS 26, via AS 28, or via AS 22 , AS 20, and AS 26. So 'AS 12 is also equivalent to AS 22 and AS 28. Similarly, AS36 is equivalent to AS22, and AS32 is also equivalent to AS28. And AS20: Same as AS 22. Some AS 22, 26, 28, or 32 establish BGP 4 peers by using NAP, such as * NAP 24 and NAP 30. NAPs 24 and 30 are shared real-world locations, where many ASs can be connected to each other by means other than high-speed LAN technology. So 'NAP 24 connects AS 22, AS 20 and AS 26 to each other. Similarly, 'NAP 30 connects AS 28 and AS 32. Other ASs (not shown) can also be connected to NAP 24 and NAP 30. The Internet 10 has multiple paths between different locations-points. For example, there are multiple paths between the originator 11 and the destination 34. It makes one path via AS 20 and AS 26. The other route is via 22 and AS 26. On this path 'packets will also pass NAP 24. The third path is via 28. On this path, the data package will also pass the nap paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) specifications (210X 297 mm)-11 91540 I --------- ache ------ ΪΤ ------ ^ (Please read the note on the back before filling this page) 4 3 5 0 2 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) {Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 30 . The fourth path is via AS 22, AS 20, and AS 26. This path crosses NAP 24. Having multiple paths is a desirable feature because the redundant paths allow the packet to use an alternative path if any one path is lost. However, 'when there are multiple paths to reach the destination, router 14 decides which path to choose to send the packet to the destination 34 ^ It is important to decide which path to choose' because packets cross the Internet The path used determines how fast the packet can be delivered to the destination and the chance of data loss due to congestion in the path. The router at AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 t chooses the path for the packet as it traverses Internet 10. For example, routers 14 and 33 select the path for the packet to move between the sender u and the destination 34. The data packet from the sender 11 contains a destination address indicating the destination 34. The destination address usually contains the IP address of destination 34. Using the destination address and BGP4, router 14 chooses to send the packet to AS-6 32, and thus the path to destination 34. The staff of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed the cooperative to send messages, such as data packets, to the destination 34. The router 14 in AS 12 decided which path to use, especially, by router 14. Decide which AS 20, 22, or 28 is the next AS to send the packet. Therefore, router 14 decides to send the packet to the one of links 15, 16, and 17. "Router 14 uses reachability messages to determine the path." AS 12 receives the relevant AS from AS 20, AS 22, and AS 28 via BGP 4. 32 reachability message Based on this message, router 14 in AS 12 decides to send the packet to the one of AS 20, 22, and 28 which is directly connected to AS 12. This decision is called choice, and the paper is compliant with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 〇 X297 mm). Bureau employees cooperated and printed 13 A7 B7 _ I.-I._ .......... V. Description of invention (n) One hop "because the data packet is usually regarded as coming from a router" "Jump" to another. After selecting the next hop, the packet can be transferred to the next AS 20, 22 or 28. The packet then passes through the router in the next AS 20, 22 or 28 (not shown). One of the routers at the border of the next AS 20, 22, or 28 determines the next AS to which the packet will hop. Therefore, these routers (not shown) will choose one of the links 21, 24, and 29. The second circle shows the conventional method 50 for selecting a path. The conventional method 50 will be described using the path selection performed by the router 14 as an example. Traditional method 50 is the next hopping method, which selects the next AS 20, 22, or 28 that the packet will skip. Although the complete traditional method for selecting a path contains more steps, only the necessary steps are shown here. Β First, in step 52, the local priority is set for each path. Local priority refers to the weight given to special paths. The higher the priority, the more likely a packet will pass through the path using this link. If no local priority is specifically set, Beg gives the same preset priority to each path in step 52A. If the path has a higher Hungarian priority, this path will be selected via step 54. Therefore, it is determined in step 54 that the packet will traverse links 15, 16, or 17 associated with the path with the highest local priority. Because the preset priority is usually used for all the paths in step Η, the step will not select the path. If all the local priorities are equal to @, then in step 5 the selection will have the least AS 12, 20, 22 , 26, 28, and 32. Step 56 is known to select the path with the shortest length from all ^ paths. Generally, it uses the preset 91540 --------- install ------, 玎 ------ il {Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs [4 4 350 29 ·. A7 B7 V. Invention Description (l4) Priority ° Therefore, in step 56 ' Determine the path that the packet traverses is the link 15, 16 or 17 with the shortest AS path. The AS path is usually defined as an ordered sequence of AS codes, such as an ordered sequence arranged by AS codes on the path from the sender to the destination. Referring back to Figure 1, the AS codes for the paths through AS 22 and AS 20 are 4, 2, 3, 6. There are 4 AS codes in this AS path. Therefore, this AS path has a length of 4. The AS handlebars from AS 12 to AS 32 passing through AS 22 are 4, 3, and 6 »In this AS path, there are 3 AS coders' so the AS path length is 3. By analogy, the AS path through AS2.8 to AS 32 is 5, 6 and it has an AS path length of 2. Finally, the AS path from AS 12 to AS 32 via AS 20 is 2, 3, 6 and its length is 3. So, using the traditional method 50, the router 14 will usually choose to send the packet to the AS 28 via the link 17. Although the traditional method 50 selects the path that can transmit the data packet through the Internet 10, the artist can understand that the selected path may pass the overloaded section, which will delay the transmission of the packet or cause the packet to be lost. This will result in poor system performance. "Although Method 50 can reduce the number of AS 12, 20, 22, 26 '28, and 32 packets need to pass through, AS codes, destination addresses, and AS paths do not indicate AS12. , 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32, sender 11 or destination 34. In addition, the ASs such as AS 28 and AS 32 on the path with the shortest AS path may be geographically far away. Therefore, it takes a long time to transfer the packets from AS 28 to AS 32, so the waiting time is increased. The size of this paper is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 91540 I, ----------------------------- line,-(please (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (l5) In addition, the AS code, destination address, and AS path do not indicate the traffic on the AS, link, or NAP. Therefore, the path selected using the traditional method 50 may include overloaded AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 'or overloaded NAP 24 or 30. For example, suppose AS 28 is overrun. Similarly, it is also assumed that the NAP 30 is overloaded. Method 50 will cause packets to be transmitted over link 17 even if another path is more efficient. As a result, packets will be transmitted through AS 28 and NAP 30, both of which are overloaded. As a result, data packages may be lost or delayed. This problem will be exacerbated when AS 20 and AS 32 with destination 34 address and sender 11 are not in the same country. Because the package is delivered internationally, it may include a large geographic distance. As a result, latency caused by packet transmissions over large geographic distances will increase. For example, suppose AS 20, AS 26, and AS 32 are in the United Kingdom and at least AS 12 is in the United States. It is also assumed that AS 28 is in Huzhou. Using the traditional method 50, this packet will be transmitted from the US to Asia ’and then to the UK. Because a packet is passed between the three continents', it will take more time to reach the destination 34 than a packet with more AS paths. Similarly, the fact that international links are included will further affect the transmission of data packets. For example, suppose AS 20, AS 26, and AS 32 are in the United Kingdom, while AS 12, AS 22, and AS 28 are in the United States. So ‘links 15, 25, and 31 are international links between the United Kingdom and the United States. International links are usually highly overloaded. However 'suppose link 15 can provide a faster path to destination 34. The traditional method 50 will still determine the scriptures (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) i

T Wisdom of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Cooperation. Printed on the paper standard for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 15 91540 435029 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (16) The data packet is transmitted to AS 28 by link 17, because this is the shortest AS path °, so 'will cause a delay in the transmission of the data packet or the loss of the data packet β because link 17 is an international that is likely to be overloaded Sexual connection, so it will increase the possibility of delay or packet loss β. Therefore, the user at the sender U or the destination 34 may not receive important packets or may not receive the packets in real time. The present invention provides a method and system for determining a path for a packet passing from at least one system to a destination via at least one system. The first geographic area corresponds to the originating side and the second geographic area corresponds to the destination. The destination has an address that does not indicate a second geographic area corresponding to the destination. In this concept, 'the method and system includes associating an address for a destination with a second geographic area to allow path selection of a packet based on the second geographic area' and selecting a route based on the second geographic area. In the second concept, the method and system include providing a direct link with controllable traffic and selecting at least this direct link as part of a transmission path when transmitting a packet to a destination. In another concept, the method and system perform tasks in an Internet environment. In this concept, the originating end has a first Internet Protocol ("IP") address assigned to the first autonomous system, and the destination end has a second IP address referring to the second autonomous system. One autonomous system has a first geographical area and the second autonomous system has a second geographical area. Here, the concept t 'method and system include obtaining a second geographic area for the second autonomous system, mapping the second geographic area to the second autonomous system, so the route can be selected according to the second geographic area, and the connection to the Second, the paper size of Sou Xi Xi Di applies to Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X 297 mm) 16 91540 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page> Order A7 Β7 Ministry of Economy Smart Financial Statement — Printed by Xiao Gong's Consumer Cooperation. V. Invention Description (17) Direct connection of the three autonomous regions as at least part of the path < »This method and system also assist in selecting the path for the data package. In this concept ' This method and system includes obtaining information related to an autonomous system. This autonomous system has a geographic area. This message contains a geographic area α In the concept 'the method and system also includes associating an autonomous system with a geographic area so that it can be Choose a route based on geographic area. Because the geographic area of the destination is considered, a more effective route between the sender and the destination can be selected. Because in one of the concepts Make J have a direct connection that can control the loss of halo, so you can choose the path with neodymium. Therefore, you can reduce the transmission delay. In addition, you can reduce the packet loss rate during the transfer. Therefore, the system can be improved The performance of the present invention will be described from the perspective of transmitting data packets to special countries, special data transmitters, specific communication protocols, and special routers that use specific algorithms to determine the packet transmission path. However, any person with this skill is very It is easy to agree that this method and system can be used to effectively operate other types of packets, other destinations, other data senders, other communication protocols, and routers that use other specific algorithms to determine the transmission path. Furthermore, there is no Nothing prevents this method and system from being used in a single country. The invention will also be explained in terms of the path selection for generating the packet. However, any person skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be applied in the absence of The other AS that generated the packet will also be sent from the special sender to the special destination. The point of view of the package selection path illustrates the present invention β. However, there is nothing that can prevent this method and system from being used to connect different originators or destinations. This paper is approved for China's "quasi-spec (2ΗΓ297mm) ------ (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page j. Installation,-= a line 17 91540 ^ 35029- A7 ----_ B7___ V. Description of the invention (18)

(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page. W For a more detailed description of the method and system according to the present invention, refer to Section 3), which describes its use for selecting a route based on geographic area j according to the present invention < implementation of method 100 For example, here is a method of discussing the data packet from the sender 11 to the destination 34 as an example. The destination 34 has an address β. In the preferred embodiment, 'this address is the IP address of the destination 34.' The geographic area corresponding to destination 34. In some embodiments, the geographic area corresponding to destination 34 is the geographic area of AS 32 used to specify the IP address of destination 34. In the preferred embodiment, The geographic area corresponding to destination 34 is one or more countries of AS 32 that are used to specify the IP address of destination 34. However, in another embodiment, this geographic area may be another area, such as AS32 The special area where you are located or the geographical area where destination 34 is located. Note that the geographical area where destination 34 is located may be different from the geographical area of AS 32 which specifies the IP address of destination 34. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Go through step 102 to make this address match Associated with a geographic area at destination 34. Then, in step 104, the path for the packet is selected based on the geographic area corresponding to destination 34. In some embodiments, the packet has a destination address, which is preferably The IP address of the destination 34. In this embodiment, step 104 is performed using the association between the destination address of the data packet and the address generated in step 102 and the geographic area. At the same time, in the preferred embodiment * Step 104 includes a direct link that is selected to be privately owned and connected to an AS in the same country as the AS 32 that specifies the IP address of the destination 34. In this embodiment, the country of the AS 32 is preferably The country code ("country code") of the International Standards Organization. In another embodiment, step 104 includes selecting a location close to the AS 32 where the AS 32 is located. The Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ) ~~ 18 91540 Printed by the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bureau of Jade Consumer Cooperatives 19 A 7 B7 V. Description of Invention (19) Privately-owned direct link of home AS connection. The fourth circle shows the use of this invention to select Detailed flowchart of the preferred embodiment of the path selection method 110. In discussing the method 11, it is assumed that the method 14 is performed by the router 14 in the AS 12. In step 112, the designated IP address of the destination 34 is obtained. The country code and AS code β of the AS 32 of the address. Therefore, in this embodiment * the geographical area corresponding to the destination is one or more countries for AS 12 that specifies the destination IP address. At the same time, it is best implemented In the example, AS is represented by an AS code. Each country is preferably represented by its country code. Then in step 114, the country used for AS 32 is converted into the AS code of AS 32. Therefore, the IP address assigned to AS 32 can also be associated with the country code used for AS 32. Naturally, the country associated with the AS code is mapped to the special connection β directly to this country via step 116. Therefore, the country associated with AS 32 may be mapped to the direct link I5 in step II6. In the preferred embodiment, this direct connection is preferably a privately owned connection between a special A S such as A S 12 and a S in a second country. At the same time, in the preferred embodiment, the communication volume of the mu link is controllable. For example, it can be determined that the direct link is not advertised. Then select the link to transfer the packet to this country by step Η8. To describe the advantages of methods 100 and 110 in more detail, refer to Figure 1 again. Assume AS 12 'AS 22, and AS 28 are in the first country, such as the United States. Also assume that AS 20, AS 26, and AS 32 are in the second country, such as the United Kingdom. Link 15 is an international link directly maintained by private persons between AS 12 and AS 20 in a second country. The links 2 5 and 3 1 are applicable to the national sample rate of this paper (CNS> M size (210X297 mm) 91540 Kunshui n 1 Order nn ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 4 35 ο 2 9 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (2) The traditional international connection between the first country and the second country, so month b will be overloaded. AS 12 Router 14 teaches the method 100 or no. AS 32, which specifies the IP address of destination 34, is related to the second country. In step 112, the AS code of AS 32 and the second country, the cold country, are obtained. Identification code. The second country corresponds to the A: code of as 32 in step 114. Therefore, 'step 114 can be considered as associating the geographic area of As 32 with the IP address of destination 34' because it associates the second country The AS code corresponding to AS 32 which refers to the IP address of destination 34. In step 116, the connection 15 between the second country and the router 14 in AS 12 is mapped to this country. Therefore, in step Order 118, choose this path so that the next time you jump, the packet can go through link 15 And the transmission to AS2〇c because the next hop is through the link 1 5 ', so it can improve the transmission speed and the probability of loss of the data packet β link 15 is directly between the countries of eight 312 and A 丨 32. Therefore,' from the sender The data packet of n will be transferred from asi2 to AS 20 located in the second country. Then, the data packet will be transferred domestically from 乂 20 to AS 26 and AS 32. Therefore, the process of transmitting the shortened data packet to destination 34 will be Therefore, the transmission time can be improved and the probability of losing packets due to congestion can be reduced. The method and system according to the present invention can also be regarded as choosing paths based on links, where the link is compiled to determine for the packet Route Router. Figure 5A depicts an embodiment for selecting a route to 200 in accordance with the present invention. Figure 5A will be the same as transmitting the packet from sender 11 to destination 34 in Figure i. Discussion. Moriba m, .. The sender 11 corresponds to the second-second place and the -34 of the -AS corresponds to 帛 _ paper paper scale manufacturer M CNS) A4 specifications < 210X29 ^ i ~ i — '--Edge ~ — 20 91540 (Please read the notes on the back first Fill out this page again), ιτ wave! Wisdom Wealth of the Ministry of Economic Affairs_Industry Bureau x-Juan Fei Cooperative printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2l) Geographical area and associated with the first AS 32 "Although the method 200 in this description is based on the first AS 12 Router 14 executes, but method 2000 may also be performed by another router in another AS. For example, method 200 may be performed by a third router (not shown) in a third as (not shown) having a second geographic area.

A direct link with controllable traffic, such as link 15, is provided by step 202. 'Direct link is located between AS12 and special AS20 which transmits the packet. AS 20 has an associated geographical area and preferably geographically? Near the first AS 32. This direct link will then be used when sending the packet to destination 34 in step 204. Therefore, the data packet will be transmitted to AS 20 'via the direct link 15 and then to the second AS via As 26. In the preferred embodiment, the direct link 15 is privately controlled. Therefore, the overload of the direct link 15 can be avoided or reduced. Also in the preferred embodiment, the first geographic area and the second geographic area include geographic areas for the first AS 12 and the second AS 32, respectively. However, in another embodiment, this geographic area may be another area. For example, the first or second geographical area may include a special area where the first or second AS is located, or may include a geographical area where the originator 11 or destination 34 is located. Also in the preferred embodiment, the second geographic area is the same as the geographic area used for AS20. Therefore, the direct link is connected to AS 20 which has the same geographical area as the second AS32. This can help them shorten the geographic distance that the packet must travel through. Therefore, transmission time and packet loss rate can be reduced. Figure 5B shows the method for selecting a path according to the present invention. ° hi is more clear. The IIII J1I n package — I ^ II n line will be discussed together with Figure 1. (Please read the note on the back first. Please fill in this item. Page) rri \--'sj (>-21 91540 29 ί Α7 Β7 Printed by Consumer Cooperatives, Bureau of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 5. Description of Invention (22) Figure 53. Therefore, method 210 is assumed to be coupled to the sender The router 14 in the AS 12 is executed. However, it is obvious that the method 210 can also be executed by other routers. The method 210 uses a geographical area corresponding to the destination 34 and a direct connection 15 with controllable traffic. In step 212 Associate the address with at least one geographic area. Preferably, this step is accomplished by associating this address with the geographic area of the AS that specifies the address. In the preferred embodiment, the AS is composed of Its AS ^ code is represented and the geographic area is represented by the country code. "Then in step 214A this geographic area is associated with a direct link 15 with controllable traffic. In the preferred embodiment, 'is by direct link 1 5 and coupled to Associate the country codes of AS 20 and AS 12 to complete step 214. Then repeat steps 212 and 214 for all the addresses of interest in step 216. Then, in step 218, the destination address is in step 218. The data packet at one of the addresses in 212 to 216 selects direct link 15. When the path through the direct link is selected by method 200 or 210, the data packet can be more efficiently transmitted through the Internet 10. Most The good link 15 is maintained by a private person to avoid overload of the direct link 15a. When the router 14 transmits the data packet using the method 200 or 210, the router 14 will choose to transmit the data packet via the direct link 15 "in method 21〇 The geographic area associated with AS 20 is the same as AS 32. So packets can be sent via private links with controllable traffic to AS 20 geographically close to AS 32. Therefore 'improved transmission time and lost packets _ Direct link here 15 is an international link, so its performance is 4 paper standards applicable to Chinese national standards < CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 ^^ 4) 22 91540 (Please read the note on the back first Item and then fill in this page), 1Τ to Shu B7 V. invention is described in (23) ~ - improved more significantly. The country corresponding to destination 34 may be different from the country corresponding to sender 11. Best 'country corresponding to destination 34 and eight § (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The countries concerned are the same β links 25 and 31 can be international links and are highly oversold α Via link 25 or The transmission of 31, which may be on the path selected by the traditional method 50, may be extremely inefficient. Because AS22, 28, ΝΑί »24 and NAP 30 may be located in a different country from As 32, they may be far away from AS 32. Conversely, the transmission through link 15 will be quite efficient, because link 15 cannot be oversold and the AS 20 connected to link 15 is not far from as 32. Therefore, the transmission time and the packet loss rate can be significantly reduced. Printed by Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs_Bureau's Jade Consumer Cooperative. Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred embodiment of the method 22 for selecting a transmission path according to the present invention. In discussing Figure 6, it is assumed that method 22o is performed by AS 12. With step 222, it is determined which countries are directly connected to AS 12 via a link with controllable traffic. Preferably, these countries are privately maintained links, such as link 15, and directly connected to as 12. In step 2 24, when transmitting a packet to AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 28 in this country or in a neighboring country, it decides to use these direct links 15 »So 'the criteria determined in step 224 may be Make sure that the packet crosses the Internet 10 ° as far as possible from AS 12 via direct link 15 and then in step 226 it decides that this path spans a minimum of NAp 24 or 30. Then choose the path that best meets this criterion in Buhui 228. In step 224, it is desired to choose a direct link maintained by a private person, because the communication volume on such a link 15 is controllable, and because the paper size of the direct link company applies the Chinese National Standard (CMS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ) 23 91540 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (24) Please read the notice on the back before filling in this page. 15 is connected to As 20 which is quite close to as 32. Therefore, even if connection 15 is an international connection, connection 5 should not be overloaded. In addition, it is not necessary to send the packet to AS β which is far away from As 32 which specifies the address of destination 34. It hopes to span the least nap 24 or 30 because NAP 24 or 30 usually has A large amount of communication β Therefore, in step 228, a path with a relatively small amount of communication will be selected. This reduces transmission time and packet loss. The paper size printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs applies the Chinese national standard ({: 1 ^) ^ 4 specifications (21 (^ 297) |) The seventh circle describes the best embodiment of the method 230 according to the present invention The detailed flowchart "When discussing method 23, it is assumed that method 23 is performed by router 14 in As 12. In the preferred embodiment, router 14 uses the next hop method discussed with reference to circle 2. Reference In FIG. 7, the country to which the router 14 is directly connected is selected by step 23 2 ′. Therefore, in step 232, the country where the link 15 is connected to the router 14 is selected. The link is preferably privately owned or maintained and has a controllable communication volume β. In other words, link overload can be avoided. Then, in step 234, AS code strings for AS 20, 26, and 32 in this country are generated. Through step 236, local priority is set so that when router 14 receives a destination The destination address 34 packet is the best choice, so that the destination 34 has an IP address assigned to the AS in this country, such as AS 32. In the preferred embodiment, when Destination 34 with e.g. AS When waiting for AS in this country to be associated, step 236 is performed by setting the local priority to any value greater than the preset value. Then, step 238 is performed for each country directly connected to AS 12 (not shown) Repeat steps 232 to 236. Via step 240, select the data package for use under the priority set in step 236-24 91540 Ministry of Economics, Intellectual Property Bureau 'Employee Consumption Co-printed Paper Size Applicable to Chinese Countries 橾Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public holidays> 25 A7 B7 5. Invention description (25) jumps. For that, go back to Figure 1 when using the method 200, 210, 220 or 230 according to the invention Router 14 will choose the path through link 15. When the IP address of destination 34 is assigned to AS 32, the path through link 15 is the only road link β directly connected to AS 2 0 in the same country. The path of link 1 5 does not cross NAp 2 4 or NAP 30. Therefore, the local priority of the path via link 15 is set to high, and the packet is transmitted through link 15 'in the next hop. The link is selected 15, even if the AS path length via the link 15 is 3 and the path length via link 8-8 is 3, therefore, the data packet will traverse the less overloaded path. Therefore, the data packet will have a lower transmission time and Packet loss rate β Figure 8 depicts the method 25 in accordance with the present invention, which has been extended to neighboring countries. Some neighboring countries are logically connected to directly connected countries in a non-overloaded manner. This method is discussed here. At 25 o'clock, its assumption method 25 o is performed by the router 14 in the AS 12. Therefore, the neighboring country is close to the country with the direct link 15 connected to AS 12. The neighboring country is regarded as a part of the country directly connected to AS 12. Therefore, a series of ASs in the neighboring countries is generated by step 252 ( Not shown). Then, through step 254, the AS codes for these ASes are associated with the countries directly connected to AS 12. Then, via step 256, the local priority of the country that is parallel to AS 12 is provided to each As in the neighboring country. Since these priorities are so set, the route via the link can be selected in step 258. Therefore, '91540 can be transmitted via a path with a relatively low communication volume. ------ tr ------ ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 4 35 0 29 7 A7 B7 V. Invention Explanation (26) Data packet 'Even if AS 12 is not directly connected to a country with AS (not shown) with a designated (not shown) IP address. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page.) Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of method 3 00 for associating a destination address with a geographical area corresponding to the destination. Information related to the AS of interest is obtained via step 302. Specify the IP address for the AS of interest, such as the destination address. This message contains the geographic area for the AS of interest. In one embodiment, this message also includes the country of the country code or AS. In one embodiment, this information can be obtained using the AS code of the AS of interest. Then, the geographic area of the AS is associated with the address, so the route can be selected based on the geographic area in step 304. In the preferred embodiment, it includes associating the AS code with the country code. In the preferred embodiment, step number 304 also contains a database that generates or adds to a router that can be used when a router such as router 14 selects a path. Repeat steps 302 and 304 for all ASs that are of interest via step 3 06 »Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs« i Figures 10A to 10D are described when AS-related information is located in an accessible database An embodiment of a method 300 of associating one or more geographic regions with an AS. Figures 10A to 10 will be discussed using the path selected by router 14 in AS 12 as an example. As previously discussed, the as codes are specified by ARIN, RIPE, and APNIC. Each of these organizations has a publicly accessible database of AS codes assigned to them, containing postal addresses and other contact information for clients of each AS code. These three public databases are designed to be unique to human-readable formats rather than machine-readable formats. Method 300 obtains an appropriate message from a database and converts this message into a format that can be used when transmitting a data packet. Therefore, the size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 26 91540 A7 V. The invention description method 300 is best to be broken in the database ΒΚ _〇 齓 Make sure that one database has information about AS 12, 20 22 26 28 or 32 to start the message of interested As. The first item describes an embodiment of a general method 31Q using a general external database to associate an address with a corresponding geographic area. In step 312, AS 12 receives As 2 0, η, 26, and 3 of the reachability message. Access appropriate external data for one of AS20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 via step 314. 3 & database contains information related to a specific as2O, 22, 26, 28, or 32 α This message contains the settings of AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 and the geographic areas of AS 20, 22, 26, 28 and 32 with messages in this database. Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs t, .¾ Property Bureau — 8 X Consumer News Agency. In one embodiment, the setting of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 is its AS code. In one embodiment, the geographical areas of as 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 are marked by country codes. Note that the more specific one in As 2 0, 22, 26, 28, or 32 may have more than one. The country code above. Through step 316, it can be found that the information related to a special AS, such as μ 20 '22, 26' 28, or 32. In a certain embodiment, the AS code of the special AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 can be used. And find the message of the AS of interest, and then parse this message for special as 20, 22, 26 '28 or 32 in step 318 to obtain its geographic area. In another embodiment, the country code for AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 can be found in step 318. If more than one country code is assigned to AS20, 22, 26, 28, or 32, you can find more than one country code in step 3-18. After that, the geographic area and AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 are used in step 320 to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm) 27 91540 435029 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention ( 28). In the preferred embodiment, step 320 includes generating data * data associated with the country code of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 and its AS code. If AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 has more than one country code, step 320 includes generating a database that correlates all country codes of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 with their AS codes. In one embodiment, the database generated in step 320 is machine readable and used by router 14 to select a path. In another embodiment, this database maps AS 12, 20, 22, 26 '28, or 32 country codes and AS codes to ASs on the selected path and ASs in the same country or neighboring countries. AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 of interest. For example, when performing method 310 in AS 12, the database will convert the AS code to the country code of the country where AS 12 is located. Then, through step 322, repeat steps 312 to 320 for each of the remaining AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32. Therefore, in one embodiment, the method 310 provides a different, privately maintained database that can accurately find each country in which AS 12, 20, 22 '26, 28, and 32 are located with very high accuracy. " FIG. 10B is a more detailed flowchart depicting a preferred embodiment of method 330, which utilizes a database maintained by ARIN to associate AS with a geographic area. Steps 332 determine the aS 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 for which the AS 12 receives the reachability message. Then, in step 334, the database maintained by ARIN searches for information about one of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32. In an embodiment, 'step 3 3 4 includes querying the name server whois.arin.net in order to obtain the AS 20, 22, 26, and paper standards currently applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2ίΟ' Χ 297mm) 91540 (Please read the note Λ. $ On the back before filling out this page) S. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 28 87 V. Description of Invention (29) {Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again for details.) 28 or 32 AS code registration records. Scan the previous lines of the login record via step 336 to find the address information for AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32. If the postal address contains a country name, the AS code is associated with the country code in step 33; using the country's postal code. If the postal address contains a country code, the country code is used in step 338 to associate a; the code is associated with the country code. In one embodiment, step 338 includes generating or adding a database that associates the AS code with the country code. . Via step 3 40 the route announcement for AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 of interest is decided. The route announcement contains at least the network related to AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 that is currently interested (not shown in step 34 丨 query information about the route announcement in the database. After step 342, it is currently interested Route notification scans the records of interest β Printed by a member of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Co-operation. In one embodiment, steps 341 and 342 include a database maintained by ARIN for each network in the route notification. Search for a list of objects. If a network is found, then through step 344, for each network found, associate its country code with the AS code of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 of the current interest β. Therefore, In step 344, more than one country code may be associated with a special AS code. In an embodiment, step 344 includes generating or adding a database that associates AS codes with country codes. Thereafter, for each Each path announcement repeats steps 341-344. Then, steps 334 to 345 are repeated for each of the remaining AS20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 via step 346. Figure ioc describes the best implementation of method 350. More detailed examples Stream B.1- ^ Using the data maintained by RIPE to hold your Ας 淑 α S-scale family standard ^ Zone phase 29 91540 435029 A7 V. Description of the invention (30) Association. By step 3 52 you can decide the AS 12 receiving Go to the reachability information as of 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32. Then, in step 354, look up the information about AS 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 in the database maintained by RlpE. In In an embodiment, step 354 includes querying the RIPE auto-numbering object for the AS code of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 of interest. Find the last line of the record description file through step 3 56 and analyze it in order to Find the country name or country code of the AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 of interest. Step 358, find the string "ASxxxx" at whois.ripe.net, where xxxx is the AS 20, 22 of interest , 26, 28, or 32. In this embodiment, step 358 also includes finding the returned text for a particular record with one or more address fields. Steps 3 58 also include analyzing the last chanted address Stop to find the country name or country code. If the address contains the country name, Associate the AS code with the country code using the postal code of the country in 360. If the address contains a country code, then use the country code to associate the AS code with the country code in step 360. In one embodiment, step 360 includes A database is generated to associate the aS code with the country code. Via step 3 (52, a decision is made for the path announcement for AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 of interest. The RIPE database is queried via step 346 for each network in the route advertisement. In one embodiment, step number 364 includes searching a series of numbered objects in a database maintained by RIPE for each network in the route advertisement. If a network is found, the country code associated with the discovered network is found via step 366 and associated with the AS code of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 that is currently of interest. In an embodiment, step 366 includes generating or increasing the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) M specification (21〇 × ^ 97 mm) '~~ 91540 Please read the note at the back

Please fill in this item again. I Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the Consumers Cooperatives. 30 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by A® Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives. 31 A7 ___B7_ V. Description of the Invention (31) Add the information that associates AS code with country code Library. Therefore, one or more country codes may be associated with special AS codes in step 366. Thereafter, repeat steps 364-366 for each path announcement. Then, repeat steps 364 to 366 for each of the remaining AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 via step 368. Figure 10D is a more detailed flowchart depicting the preferred embodiment of method 370. The database maintained by APNIC allows the AS to be associated with the geographic area. By step 372, it can determine AS 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 that AS 12 received the reachability message. Then, in step 374, information on one of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 is queried in the database t maintained by APNIC. In one embodiment, step 374 includes querying the APNIC automatic numbering object for the AS code of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 of interest and analyzing the object to find the country name or country code. Then, in step 376, the management contact number of the AUT-NUM object is analyzed to determine whether the NIC label value is in the form of XYX, where k is the country code. Then in step 378, the technical contact block of the AUT-NUM object is parsed to determine whether the NIC label value is in the form of XXX-YY, where YY is the country code. The country code found in step 374, 376, or 378 and the country code found in step 374 for that country are then associated with the AS code of AS 20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 via step 380 . In one embodiment, step number 380 includes a database that generates associations between AS codes and country codes. It is determined in step 382 for the AS 20, 22, 26, 28 or 32 _ ^ path announcement of interest. Step 384 applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X: 297 mm) for each network check paper in the route announcement. 91540 ---------- ¢ ----- -1T ------ ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 35 0 2 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (32) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Inquiry If the network is found, the country code associated with the discovered network is found through step 386 and associated with the AS code of AS20, 22, 26, 28, or 32 that is currently of interest. In an embodiment, step 386 includes generating or adding a database that associates AS codes with country codes. Therefore, in step 3 86, more than one country code may be associated with a special AS code. ≫ Thereafter, repeat steps 3 84 to 3 87 for each path announcement »then 'for step AS 388 for the remaining AS 20 Repeat steps 384 to 387 for each of 22, 26, 28, or 32. The methods 300, 310, 330, 350, and 370 associate a geographic area with a destination location so that a geographic area corresponding to a destination address can be used to select a route. It is best to provide this association via a database, where the geographic area of the AS that specifies the IP address of the destination is mapped to the AS peak of the AS, and therefore can be mapped to the IP address of the destination. Therefore, a more effective path can be selected, thereby reducing the transmission time and the packet loss rate. Although AS 12, 20, 22, 26, 28, and 32 have been discussed, the present invention can be extended to the IP network (not shown) layer. In this extension, printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, each known IP network can be converted into a country code corresponding to the destination or an identification value in another geographic area. Each path is then weighted according to the geographic area of the corresponding network path. This processing method has the advantage of increasing network domains by increasing the cost of complexity and greatly increasing the number of router configuration lines. The method and system for improving the path selection for data packets by routers has been disclosed. The examples shown describe the present invention, but any face artist may change the size of the paper. The private paper size is based on the family standard (value) 8 4 specifications (210 > < 297 public race) ----32 91540 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (33) and these changes are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any person skilled in this field can make various modifications without departing from the § of the attached application and the scope of Shenjing. Li Zhuan (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Gutter Line Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 Consumption cooperatives Print this paper The size of the paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 33 91540

Claims (1)

9 2 〇 India Consumer Intellectual Property Cooperative Association of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6. Application for patent scope 1 method for selecting the route from the sender to the destination for the data package The first geographical area corresponds to the sender and the second geographical location The area corresponds to the destination. This destination has an unlabeled second geographic area address. This method includes the following steps: (a) The address used for the destination is related to the second geographic area, so that The area selects the route for the package; and (b) after selecting the route based on the second geographic area. 2. If the method of applying for the first item of the patent scope, wherein the transmitting end is associated with a first autonomous system having a first geographical area, and wherein the destination is associated with a second autonomous system having a second geographical area, And this association step (a) further includes the following steps: (al) associating the second autonomous system with the second geographic area, so that the path β can be selected according to the second geographic area. Method, wherein the first geographical area includes the first country, wherein the second geographical area includes the second country, and wherein the association step (a) further includes the following steps: (a2) connecting the second autonomous system with the second country Correlation so that the route can be selected according to the second geographical area "4. For example, in the case of the third patent application, the selection step (b) includes the following steps: (bl) If the first link is available, Set the priority so that the selected path contains the first link directly from the first autonomous system to the third autonomous system in the second country, or if the first link is unavailable, set the priority to select The path contains one '-Γ 良--------- ^ i I ----- Read 1I (锖 Read the unintentional matter on the back before filling this page) This paper is again applicable to Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specifications < 210 X 297 mm) 34 91540 0 ^ 800 99 ABCD Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs " Printed by Cooperative Cooperatives 35 6. The scope of patent application is directly from the first autonomous system to the third country The second connection of the fourth autonomous system; and (b2) The path β is selected according to this priority. 5. The method of item 4 in the scope of patent application, wherein the second autonomous system and the third autonomous system are the same. 6_ The method of claim 5 in which the first country is different from the second country. 7. For the method of applying for the second item of the patent scope, wherein the related step (3) further includes the following steps: (a3) accessing external data containing a mark of the second autonomous system name; and (a4) using the first The setting of the second autonomous system and the identification of the second country associate the second autonomous system with the second country so that a path can be selected for the data packet transmitted to the autonomous system according to the second country. 8. — A method for determining a path for transmitting at least one packet of data that passes through more than one system from the sender to the destination. This method includes the following steps: (a) providing a direct link with controllable traffic; and ( b) Select this direct link as part of the path when transmitting the data packet to the destination ^ 9. For the method of the eighth patent application, where the first geographic area corresponds to the sender and the second geographic area corresponds At the destination, this method also includes the following steps: (c) Associate the direct link with the second geographic area. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male *) 91540 --I --------------------------------- · Line (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 350 2 9 VI. Patent Application Scope, such as Party 1 of the 9th item in the patent application scope, where the step (a) of providing a direct link includes the following steps: (al) Provide direct connection between the second autonomous system and the second autonomous system. Associate the first self-station system with the third geographic area, and make the -self '. The system is associated with a second geographic area ', where when a packet is passed between the originator and the destination, it is passed through the first and second autonomous systems. 11. If the scope of patent application is 笫 ^ ^ The method of scoring item y of the solid brother 'further includes the following steps: (d) Try to choose the path that contains the least number of network access points (NAP). 12 · If you apply for the law of the 10th scope of the patent application, where the first, second, and third geographic regions are indicated by the first country code, the second country code, and the third country's ma Method, wherein the first and second autonomous systems are represented by a first autonomous system code and a second autonomous system code. 14'A method for determining a path for transmitting a packet from a sender to a destination in an Internet environment 'This sender has an Internet Protocol ("IP") assigned to the first autonomous system ) Address, and the destination end has a second IP address assigned to the second autonomous system, the first autonomous system has a first geographic area, and the second autonomous system has a second geographic area. This method includes the following steps: (a) Obtain the second geographic area for the second autonomous system; (b) Map the second geographic area to the first and autonomous system, so the Chinese national standard (CNSM4 specification (210 X 297 public) Love) 91540 36 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Smart Assets and Industrial Cooperatives 37 A8 B8 C8 D8 々 The scope of patent application is selected according to the second geographical area; (C) Direct link to the third autonomous area with the second geographical area As a part of the path β 15 'A method to assist in selecting a path for a data packet. This method includes the following steps: (a) Obtain information related to the autonomous system, which has a geographical area. This message contains Geographic areas; and (b) associating autonomous systems with geographic areas so that routes can be selected based on geographic areas. 16. The method according to item 15 of the patent application scope, wherein the obtaining step (a) further includes the following steps: (a 1) access to an external database containing information related to the autonomous system 'This message contains the settings of the autonomous system And the indication of geographic area, the settings of this autonomous system and the indication of geographic area are not suitable for selecting the path for the data packets transmitted to the autonomous system; U2) Scan this message to find the settings of the autonomous system and the geographic area Labeling; and the related step (b) further includes the following steps: (bl) use the setting of the autonomous system and the labeling of the geographical area to associate the autonomous system with the geographical area so that the geographical area can be used to select the data package transmitted to the autonomous system path. η. If the method of the 16th scope of the patent application is applied, the setting of the autonomous system further includes the autonomous system code, and the indication of the geographical area includes the country code. 91540 I— n. ^ 1 ΛΜ§ ϋ I tt it ttri ft n I it iit (锖 Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page} 888 ^ Ό ABCS 435029 ~, the scope of patent application is.—A kind of electronic reading Media, including a program for selecting a path for a data packet from the sender to the destination, where the first geographic area corresponds to the sender and the second geographic area corresponds to the destination. The destination has There is no indication of the address corresponding to the second geographic area on the destination side. This program contains instructions for: (a) the address used on the destination side is associated with the second geographic area so that it can be based on the second geographic area. Choose a path for a data packet; (b) Choose a path based on the second geographic area. 19. A computer-readable medium includes a method for determining a path for a data packet that is transmitted through at least one system from the sender to the destination, This program contains instructions for: (a) providing a direct link with controllable traffic; and (b) selecting this direct link as at least part of the path when sending a packet to the destination. 20. — Computer readable media Contains a program to determine the path for packets sent from the sender to the destination in the Internet environment. This sender has a first Internet Protocol ("IP") assigned to a first autonomous system Address' and the destination has a second IP address assigned to a second autonomous system, the first autonomous system has a first geographic area, and the second autonomous system has a second geographic area. This program contains instructions for : (A) Obtain the second geographic area for the second autonomous system; (b) Map the second geographic area to the second autonomous system so you can choose the route based on the second geographic area: and the countries in this paper are applicable Standard (CNS) A < 1 specification (210x 297 male S) 91540 -1ΓI —r I ------- (rri I — --- 1 ---- ^ Λ I (Please read the connotation on the back first Please fill in this page for further information.) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the 1st Bureau of Wisdom and Finance of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 38 Good Manufacturing and Consumer Cooperation of the Wisdom and Time Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Printed 6. The scope of patent application (C) is selected to the third with the second geographical area. The direct connection of the autonomous region as at least part of the path Brain-readable media contains programs that assist in choosing a path for a data packet. This program contains instructions for: (a) to obtain information related to an autonomous system, which has a geographic area, and this message contains a geographic area And (b) associating autonomous systems with geographic areas so that routes can be selected based on geographic areas 22. 22. A Router's First Geographic Area Correspondence for Route Selection for Packets from the Sending End to the Destination End At the sending end and the second geographic area corresponds to the destination end 'This destination end has an address that does not indicate a second geographic area corresponding to the destination end. This router includes: The address is associated with the second geographical area so that the device can select a path for the packet based on the second geographical area; and the device coupled to the associated device for selecting a path based on the second geographical area. 23. For the router of claim 22, the first geographic area includes the first country, the second geographic area also includes the second country, and the associated device further includes a device for: The two autonomous systems are associated with the second country so that the path can be selected based on the first country's 豕. 24. If the router of the scope of application for patent No. 23, the selection device further includes: a device for setting the optimal if the first connection is available — In ------ installation ------ -Order --------- line (please read the unintentional matter on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 39 91540 435029 Apply for a priority in the scope of the patent so that the selected path includes the first link directly from the first autonomous system to the third autonomous system in the second country, or if the first link is not available, set priority so that The selected path includes a second link directly from the first autonomous system to the fourth autonomous system in the third country; and means' for selecting a path based on this priority. 2 5. The router according to item 24 of the patent application, wherein the second autonomous system is the same as the third autonomous system. 26. If the router in the scope of application for patent No. 24 is used, the first country is different from the second country β 27. — A system that determines the path by transmitting at least one system of data packets from the sender to the destination, The system includes: a direct link between the first autonomous system and the second autonomous system 'a direct link with controllable traffic; and selecting this direct link as at least a part of the path when transmitting a packet to the destination Shares are coupled to directly connected devices. 28. If the system of the 27th in the scope of patent application is applied, even the first geographic area corresponds to the transmitting end 'and the second geographic area corresponds to the destination end. This system further includes: A device associated with a geographic area that is coupled to a selection device. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the first autonomous system is associated with the second geographic region 'and the second autonomous system is associated with the second geographic region. This paper is written in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public love) 91540 {Please read the precautions of Back® before filling this page) Order --------- Line 1 Wisdom of the Ministry of Economy Printed by employee property cooperatives of the Property Bureau β 40 Printed by P-Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 41 _____ 6. Application for patent scope 30. If the system of the 29th scope of the patent application, the selection device includes: As far as possible contains Route-selecting device with the least number of national access points. 31. If the system of the scope of patent application No. 29, wherein the first, second, and second geographic areas are represented by the first country code, second country code, and third country Ma 6 32. The system of 29 items, wherein the first and second autonomous systems are represented by a first autonomous system code and a second autonomous system code. 33. A system for assisting in selecting a path for a data packet, the system comprising: means for obtaining information related to an autonomous system, the autonomous system having a geographic area 'the message contains a geographic area; and Autonomous system is a device that is associated with a geographic area so that the route can be selected based on the geographic area. 34. If the system of the scope of patent application No. 33, the acquisition device further includes: Device 'for accessing an external database containing information related to the autonomous system' This message contains the settings of the autonomous system and the identification of the geographical area The form presented by this autonomous system setting and geographical area marking is not suitable for selecting the path for the data package transmitted to the autonomous system; the device 'is used to scan this message in order to find the setting of the autonomous system. This paper standard applies Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (210x297 mm) 91540 -------------- install -------- order -------- line (please read the back of the first Please fill in this page again for ideas) 435029 8 0088 A0CD 6. The scope of the patent application and the indication of the geographical area; and the related devices include: The use of autonomous system settings and geographical area identification to associate the autonomous system with the geographical area This allows geographic areas to be used to select paths for packets sent to the autonomous system. 35. If the system of the scope of application for patent No. 34 • The settings of this autonomous system include the autonomous system code and the identification value of the geographic area. (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) n K% 4 n · 1 ft I n Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is sized according to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210x297 mm) 42 91540