TW202337154A - Sensing and communications unit for optically switchable window systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A high-speed data communications network in or on a building includes a plurality of trunk line segments serially coupled to each other by a plurality of passive circuits configured to deliver signals to, and to receive signals from, one or more devices on, in, or outside the building, wherein the signals comprise data having a greater than 1Gpbs transmission rate.

Description

Sensing and communication unit for optical switchable window system

Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to systems for optically switchable windows, and more specifically, to communications and sensing technologies associated with optically switchable windows.

Optically switchable windows, sometimes referred to as "smart windows," exhibit controllable and reversible changes in optical properties when appropriately stimulated, for example, by changes in voltage. Optical properties are typically color, transmittance, absorbance and/or reflectance. Electrochromic (EC) devices are sometimes used in optically switchable windows. For example, a well-known electrochromic material is tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ). Tungsten oxide is a cathodic electrochromic material in which a dye transition to blue transparency occurs through electrochemical reduction.

Sometimes referred to as "smart windows" (whether electrochromic or otherwise), electrically switchable windows can be used in buildings to control the transmission of solar energy. Switchable windows can be tinted and cleared manually or automatically by heating, air conditioning and/or lighting systems to reduce energy consumption while maintaining occupant comfort.

Electrochromic materials may be incorporated into windows for residential, commercial and other uses, for example, as thin film coatings on the window glass. Applying a small voltage to the electrochromic device of the window will darken it; reversing the voltage makes it lighten. This capability allows control of the amount of light passing through the window and presents opportunities for electrochromic windows to be used as energy-saving devices.

Although electrochromic devices, and electrochromic windows in particular, are gaining acceptance in building design and construction, they have not yet begun to realize their full commercial potential.

According to some embodiments, a high-speed data communications network in or on a building includes a plurality of trunk line segments coupled to each other in series by a plurality of passive circuits configured to To deliver signals to and receive signals from one or more devices on, in, or outside a building, where the signals include data with a transmission rate greater than 1 Gpbs.

In some examples, trunk sections may include coaxial cables. In some examples, trunk segments may include twisted pairs of conductors.

In some examples, the passive circuit can be configured as a bias tee. In some examples, the bias tee may include an inductor and a capacitor.

In some examples, the passive circuit can be configured as a directional coupler.

In some examples, each passive circuit may include a first conductor with two ends, each end configured to couple to one of the trunk segments. In some examples, the passive circuit may include a second conductor disposed adjacent and spaced apart from the first conductor. In some examples, the first conductor and the second conductor may be spaced apart in parallel relationship.

In some examples, at least one of the passive circuits can be configured to deliver signals via inductive coupling.

According to some embodiments, a method of installing a high-speed data communications network in or on a building includes: providing a plurality of trunk segments; providing one or more circuits; and by coupling the trunk segments to a or multiple circuits to form a network in a daisy-chain trunk topology, where the plurality of trunk segments include coaxial cables, and where one or more circuits are configured to deliver signals to, on, in, or outside the building One or more devices and receives signals from one or more devices.

In some examples, one or more devices may include windows. In some examples, one or more devices may include a controller configured to control functionality of at least one of the windows.

In some examples, the one or more devices may include a device selected from the group consisting of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wireless device, a sensor, an antenna, a 5G device, a mmWave device, a microphone, a speaker, and a micron. processor. In some examples, the method may further include installing one or more devices in or on a structural element of the building.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include inductors and capacitors.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include an antenna. In some examples, the antenna may include a 5G antenna.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include one or more connectors. In some examples, the connector may include an RF connector.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include two or more connectors.

In some examples, the signal may include data with a transmission rate greater than 1 Gpbs.

In some examples, the signal may include a power signal. In some examples, the power signal may include a Class 2 power signal.

In some examples, signals may include TCP/IP data and power signals.

In some examples, a daisy chain topology may be coupled to a building management control panel.

In some examples, the signal may include wireless data.

In some examples, the method may further include the step of installing at least one window in the building. In some examples, at least one window may include an optically switchable window.

In some examples, at least one window can include an electrochromic window. In some examples, the step of installing at least one window p may occur after the network is formed.

In some examples, at least a portion of the trunk may be installed in or on an exterior wall of a building. In some examples, one or more devices may include antennas and/or repeaters. In some examples, at least one of the one or more devices may be installed in or on a building window. In some examples, the window may include a digital display screen.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include directional couplers.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include a bias tee circuit.

In some examples, forming the network may be performed during construction of the building. In some examples, forming the network may include coupling circuitry to a building window.

According to some embodiments, a high-speed data communications network in or on a building includes: a plurality of trunk segments; and one or more circuits, wherein the trunk segments are coupled by the one or more circuits to form a daisy chain A trunk configuration in which the plurality of segments includes coaxial cable and in which one or more circuits are configured to deliver signals to and from one or more devices on, in, or outside the building signal.

In some examples, one or more devices may include windows. In some examples, one or more devices may include a controller configured to control functionality of the window.

In some examples, the one or more devices may include a device selected from the group consisting of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wireless device, a sensor, an antenna, a 5G device, a microphone, a microprocessor, and a speaker. In some examples, one or more devices may be in or on the structure of a building.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include inductors and capacitors.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include an antenna. In some examples, the antenna may be a 5G antenna.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include two or more connectors. In some examples, two or more connectors may be configured to secure to a coaxial cable and a pair of conductors. In some examples, the connector may include an RF connector. In some examples, the connector may include a terminal block.

In some examples, the signal may include data with a transmission rate greater than 1 Gpbs.

In some examples, the signal may include a power signal. In some examples, the power signal includes a Class 2 power signal.

In some examples, signals may include TCP/IP data and power signals.

In some examples, the signals may include 5G signals.

In some examples, the signal may include wireless data.

In some examples, one or more devices may include optically switchable windows. In some examples, optically switchable windows can include electrochromic windows. In some examples, optically switchable windows may include digital display technology.

In some examples, at least a portion of the trunk may be installed in or on an exterior wall of a building.

In some examples, one or more devices may include transceivers, antennas, and/or repeaters, and one or more of the devices may be installed in or on the exterior structure of a building. In some examples, the exterior structure may include an exterior wall.

In some instances, the exterior structure may include a roof.

In some examples, one or more devices may include antennas.

In some examples, one or more devices may be installed in or on a building window.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include transceivers, antennas, and/or repeaters.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include directional coupler circuits.

In some examples, one or more circuits may include a bias tee circuit.

These and other features and embodiments are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

For purposes of describing the disclosed aspects, the following description relates to certain examples or implementations. However, the teachings herein can be applied and implemented in many different ways. In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. While the disclosed embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, it is to be understood that these examples are not limiting; other embodiments may be used and the disclosed embodiments may be modified Make changes without departing from its spirit and scope. Additionally, while the disclosed embodiments focus on electrochromic windows (also known as optically switchable windows, tintable and smart windows), the concepts disclosed herein may be applied to other types of switchable optical devices, including Such as liquid crystal devices and suspended particle devices among others. For example, liquid crystal devices or suspended particle devices rather than electrochromic devices may be incorporated into some or all of the disclosed embodiments. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, where appropriate, the conjunction "or" is herein intended to be understood in an inclusive sense; for example, the phrase "A, B, or C" is intended to include "A", "B", "C","A and B", "B and C", "A and C" and "A, B and C" possibilities. Enterprise Communications / Network Connectivity Components

The window system and associated components disclosed in these embodiments can facilitate high bandwidth (eg, billion bits) communications and associated data processing. Such communications and data processing can use optically switchable window system components and facilitate various window and non-window functions, as described herein and in PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/29476, filed April 25, 2018, in Described in U.S. Patent Application No. 62/666,033 filed on May 2, 2018, and PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/29406 filed on April 25, 2018. Some of the components of the optically switchable window system include components of the communications network and power distribution system for switching power to the window, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15/365,685 filed on November 30, 2016.

Example components for enhancing the functionality of communication networks with servo-optical switchable windows may include: (1) Control panels with high bandwidth switching and/or routing capabilities (e.g., 1 Gigabit or faster Ethernet switches); (2) backbone, which includes control panels and high-bandwidth links between control panels (e.g., 10 Gigabit or faster Ethernet capabilities); (3) digital components, It has sensors, display drivers, and logic for various functions using high data rate processing, and the digital components are configured as, for example, digital wall interfaces or digital architecture components, such as digital mullions; (4) Enhanced functional window control A device that includes an access point for wireless communications, such as a Wi-Fi access point; and (5) a high-bandwidth data communications link between the control panel and the digital component and/or enhanced functionality window controller, data communications The link is configured, such as a trunk, or configured to follow a path that at least partially overlaps the path of the trunk.

Figures 1A-1D illustrate various link technologies and topologies suitable for powering and controlling electrochromic (EC) windows or other types of optically switchable windows. . Figure 1A presents a highly simplified top-level view of a system 100 containing a building 101 containing several EC windows. A subset of the EC windows are connected to the "Control Panel" (CP) 103 by means of EC window power and communication lines. The control panel is described in more detail below. In the example illustrated, three building windows are grouped into three subsets, each connected to a respective CP 103, but it should be understood that for any given building, fewer or more than three CPs may be covered . In the illustrated example, three CPs 103 are communicatively coupled via a high bandwidth 10 Gbps backbone and are coupled to the external network 105 .

Figure 1B illustrates a more detailed block diagram of the control panel 103 interfacing with a plurality of EC windows 112. In the illustrated example, control panel 103 includes main control and power module 104 and network controller (NC) 110 . It should be understood that control panel 103 may contain fewer or more NCs 110 than illustrated. Each NC 110 is competitively coupled to two or more window controllers (WC) 111 , each window controller 111 being associated with a respective EC window 112 .

Referring now to FIGS. 1C and 1D , in some embodiments, the communication coupling between the control panels 103 in the window controller 111 may be implemented in a trunk format. Implementations of the Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and/or Multimedia Alliance over Coax (MoCA) data transmission protocols can be integrated into the trunk system and either run in parallel or independently of the trunks. As indicated in Figure 1C, for example, coaxial cables capable of transmitting data using MoCA are disposed within trunks; that is, the coaxial cables run within the trunk architecture. In Figure ID, the UTP system is implemented independently and in parallel with the trunk system. In some embodiments, UTP cables are incorporated into the trunk paths.

Although FIGS. 1A-1D only show conventional window controllers, links may also provide for data transfer to other elements such as digital wall interfaces, enhanced functionality window controllers, digital architecture elements, and the like. Figure IE shows an example of a data communication system that can provide data for interaction with an optically switchable window and for non-window purposes. As depicted, a building's communication system has a plurality of control panels (CPs) 103, at least one of which is connected to an external network 105 such as the Internet, which may allow access to a variety of services and/or content, such as based on Cloud services and/or content. Each control panel 103 may contain components for delivering power to one or more window controllers and/or other devices in the building as well as a main controller or network controller, as described elsewhere herein. Example features of the control panel and its components are provided in U.S. Patent Application No. 15/365,685, filed November 30, 2016, previously incorporated by reference. In the depicted embodiment, each control panel 103 also has a high bandwidth data communications switch, such as a 10 gigabit per second (Gbps) Ethernet switch.

Each control panel 103 is linked to one or more other control panels via appropriate cables 107 to establish the data network backbone. In some embodiments, cable 107 includes twinaxial cable, which may use copper conductors in an insulating shield. Twinaxial cable is suitable for communication distances of several hundred feet. In some embodiments, high bandwidth coaxial cable is used, such as 2.5 Gbps and beyond. Current and evolving implementations of the MoCA data transmission protocol support this high bandwidth coaxial cable. Still further, in some situations, especially those where only relatively short links are required, unshielded twisted pair cable may be used. Some embodiments use high bandwidth (eg, 10 Gbps or greater) wireless connections. These embodiments may use a collection of parabolic antennas and parabolic receivers.

Various types of data transmission lines may be used to provide data communication between the control panel 103 and destination devices in the building, such as optically switchable window and/or non-window devices in the building. In the depicted embodiment, data transmission line 109 and associated interface support controller network protocols, such as Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol CAN 2.0. In the depicted embodiment, transmission line 109 and associated interfaces provide data communication between conventional window controller 111 and other types of controllers in control panel 103 . Examples of such other controllers include network controllers and master controllers. Data transmission line 109 may be used to provide communications to other devices (not shown) that may function using the information provided regarding the bandwidth limitations of the controller area network.

Another type of data transmission line is a high bandwidth network line 113, such as a Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) line, which may be a UTP line (as illustrated) or a twinax line, etc. The high bandwidth line 113 may provide a data link between the control panel 103 and one or more types of devices that may require high data rates for certain functions. In the depicted embodiment, such a device includes a digital wall interface 115 and an enhanced functionality window controller 117, both of which are described elsewhere herein. In some implementations, the enhanced functionality window controller 117 is connected to both the controller network (eg, controller network line/CAN bus 109 ) and the high bandwidth line 113 .

In the depicted embodiment, high bandwidth data transmission may be provided by either or both of unshielded twisted pairs and one or more coaxial lines 119 supporting Gigabit Ethernet. In some embodiments, data transmission over coaxial line 119 may occur in accordance with protocols such as those promulgated by the Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA), which functionally combine channels in coaxial cable to have a bandwidth of, for example, about 1 Gbps or In a single combined line with high bandwidth above 1 Gbps, each channel carries a different frequency band. The MoCA protocol is described elsewhere in this document. Instead of or in addition to UTP or coaxial lines, other link technologies such as wireless can be used.

As depicted, the top control panel 103 serves three digital architecture elements (in this case digital mullions 121 , one of which is connected to the video display device 122 ). Either or both GbE UTP cable 113 and coaxial cable 119 may be used to provide high bandwidth data communication between the control panel and digital infrastructure components.

Figures 2A and 2B illustrate a high-bandwidth communication network for a building according to some embodiments. In both figures, a control panel that may have similar functionality to CP 103 described in connection with FIGS. 1A-1E is identified as a module labeled CP2 or CP3. In the illustrated example, each control panel includes a master controller and/or network controller (MC/NC), a control panel monitor (CPM), and a communications network switch 225a or 225b. In certain embodiments, the control panel monitor has one or more features presented in U.S. Patent Application No. 15/365,685, filed November 30, 2016, previously incorporated by reference. In some implementations, CP2 network switch 225a includes multiple (eg, two) small form factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver ports and multiple (eg, four) 100 Mb Ethernet ports. One example of a suitable network switch is the IE 2000 switch available from Cisco Systems of San Jose, CA. The SFP port is a plug-in for fiber optic connections. In some embodiments, one or more of the SFP ports supports 850 nm optical communications, or 1310 nm optical communications, or 1550 nm optical communications.

In the CP3 control panel, network switch 225b can accommodate data rates beyond those required by the optical switchable window system. Thus, CP3 switch 225b may require more bandwidth than is provided in a component dedicated only to window systems (eg, CP2). In some embodiments, a high bandwidth switch (eg, CP3) of a high bandwidth control panel contains multiple (eg, four) SFPs, multiple (eg, eight) Gb Ethernet ports, and multiple (eg, , eight) Power over Ethernet (PoE) Gb Ethernet ports. In some embodiments, each port can support at least 10 Gb lines. In some embodiments, the switch can be configured to aggregate ports as needed to create up to 40 Gb Ethernet ports. One example of a suitable network switch is the IE 4000 switch available from Cisco Systems of San Jose, California.

Backbones for high-bandwidth cables can be directed upward through vertical ducts in multi-story buildings. If high-bandwidth communications are required to be supported throughout all communications elements throughout the building (for example, including all digital infrastructure elements and all wall interfaces), high-bandwidth cables can be routed horizontally on one or more floors of the building. For example, in a core and shell building, the initial construction may include vertical vertical ducts but not horizontal ducts, which will be installed later when the building has tenants.

In some embodiments, specific high bandwidth capable control planes and associated links are used together as the network backbone. In other words, every component in the backbone has high-bandwidth transmission capabilities. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, "high bandwidth" describes network components with data transmission and/or data processing capabilities of at least approximately 0.5 gigabits/second or faster. In some embodiments, the data transmission network includes a 10 Gbps backbone.

In some embodiments, a network backbone provides connectivity to another network located outside the building with the backbone. In one example, the other network is a wide area network or simply the Internet. The components of the backbone may be designed or configured for cloud connectivity; for example, a control panel may include components for connecting to Comcast Business, Level 3 Communications, or the like.

As indicated above, some network configurations include controller network components such as window controllers and CAN interfaces in control panels. In addition, some network configurations additionally include high-bandwidth network components, such as Ethernet switches and Ethernet routes from the control panel.

As described above in conjunction with Figures 1A-1E, the controller network may provide data transmission for a standard window controller (WC2) dedicated to controlling optically switchable windows. In addition, the controller network can provide data transmission supporting enhanced functionality window controllers (WC3) that can have Wi-Fi access points, cellular capabilities, etc. In certain embodiments, the enhanced functionality window controller is connected to the controller network bus to send and receive data related to controlling optically switchable windows assigned to the window controller. Additionally, the enhanced functionality window controller may be connected to high bandwidth lines such as Gigabit Ethernet lines to send and receive data related to non-window functionality such as Wi-Fi and/or cellular communications.

In some embodiments, enhanced functionality window controllers are deployed at locations within a building where wireless communication services are required. As an example, one enhanced functionality window controller may be deployed for every 2,500 square feet of building space; this may correspond to approximately one enhanced functionality window controller for every 50 linear feet. More generally, enhanced functionality window controls may be deployed in buildings such that adjacent controls are separated by a distance of between approximately 30 feet and 100 feet. In some embodiments, adjacent enhanced functionality window controllers are spaced approximately four to ten IGUs apart along the trunk, such as approximately every six IGUs.

In some embodiments, the enhanced functionality window controller receives data from the trunk line via downconductors, as illustrated in the examples depicted in Figures 1, 2A, and 2B and discussed in U.S. Patent Application No. 15/365,685 filed on November 30, 2016. Trunks can be used to carry data transmission cables. Down conductors from the trunks can be used to provide data (and power) from the trunks to individual enhanced functionality window controllers. In an alternative embodiment, the network topology includes separate data lines running to each of one or more enhanced functionality window controllers.

In some embodiments, the line providing data from the control panel to the enhanced functionality window controller WC3 (and in some embodiments, the conventional window controller WC2) is a Gigabit Ethernet line, which can It is embodied as unshielded twisted pair (UTP), twinax cable, etc. In some cases, data to all or most enhanced functionality window controllers is provided entirely over Gigabit Ethernet UTP lines.

In some embodiments, some or all of the data provided to one or more of the enhanced functionality window controllers WC3 is provided via high bandwidth coaxial cable. In one example, the coaxial cable and associated network controller are designed or configured to transmit data using one of the MoCA standards providing a suite of Internet protocols conceived at least in part by the cable TV industry. As mentioned, in some embodiments, MoCA provides gigabit Ethernet bandwidth over coaxial cable.

The MoCA protocol includes a technology called bonding to provide multiple channels each with limited bandwidth, so that the channels together provide a much higher bandwidth. In some embodiments, each of the bonded channels uses a unique frequency band, each of which is approximately 155 kB. In some embodiments, to provide a gigabit bandwidth, sixteen coaxial channels are aggregated into a gigabit channel. If less than a billion bits of bandwidth are required, fewer channels need to be bonded. In some cases, different channels are coupled to different endpoints, thus allowing different frequency bands. Networks can separate traffic to different endpoints, allowing for the implementation of virtual networks, for example. Cable caps can be deployed on the coaxial cable to interface with the window controller for additional enhanced functionality. In some embodiments, MoCA or similar bandwidth tunable methods allow building infrastructure to relatively seamlessly add and subtract window controllers, including enhancing functionality of window controllers.

In some embodiments, the trunk lines from the control panel to one or more window controls and/or digital components (eg, digital wall interfaces or digital architecture components) use both coaxial and non-coaxial lines. For example, the first part of the line from the control panel is a twinax or UTP line, and the second part of the line connecting to the first part is a coaxial line configured to transmit data using, for example, the MoCA protocol. Both the first and second portions of the trunk may be designed or configured to support gigabit transmission rates. In some embodiments, a T-shaped connector is used to connect the first and second portions of the trunk. For example, a twinax or UTP line runs from the control panel and then connects to the coaxial cable (for MoCA protocol), then runs to the terminal where the last window controller (conventional or enhanced) is located.

In some embodiments, coaxial cables are configured as trunks or incorporated into trunks. In this manner, cable entries to window controls and/or other devices can be made along the length of the trunk as needed. In some cases, no additional wires are needed and only one coaxial cable is required per trunk. In certain embodiments, high bandwidth data communication lines (coaxial, UTP, twinax, etc.) may follow trunk paths as defined for, for example, power delivery. If necessary, such high-bandwidth lines can be installed during construction but assuming they are installed later rather than while constructing the building, such high-bandwidth lines will only be used later when installing digital components.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in Figure 2B, a high bandwidth communications network for a building is provided with digital mullions 221 or other functionally enhanced digital architecture elements. Multi-component digital components on building components

As indicated above, high bandwidth networks as described herein may include a plurality of digital devices with robust sensing and data processing capabilities and/or one or more additional features such as data storage and/or user interface capabilities. Components that enable these capabilities are described below and may be generally referred to herein as "sensors and other peripheral" components or elements. The uses and functions of digital components are also described below.

As explained below, digital components may be provided in a variety of formats and housings that allow installation on building structural elements, which are usually permanent components, and/or on building walls, floors, ceilings or roofs, as the purpose dictates. In various embodiments, the chassis or housing of the digital device does not exceed about 5 meters in any dimension, or does not exceed about 3 meters in any dimension. In various embodiments, the housing is rigid or semi-rigid and encompasses some or all components of the element. In some cases, the housing provides a frame or bracket for attaching one or more components such as speakers, displays, antennas, or sensors. In some embodiments, the housing provides external access to one or more ports or cables, such as for attachment to a network link, video display, mobile electronic device, battery pack charger, etc. .

Window controller networks and associated digital components can be installed relatively early in the construction of office buildings and other types of buildings. Typically, a window controller network is installed before any other networks, such as those used for other building functions such as building management systems (BMS), security systems, tenant information technology (IT) systems, etc.

Without the teachings of this disclosure, sensors and other peripheral components would be designed around the walls and ceilings of a building after construction, and as a result, installation, operation, and maintenance costs may be high. In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, high-bandwidth network and associated digital components are installed earlier and are located on the perimeter of a building (e.g., a structural building component, particularly a building or room). , such as walls, partitions, frames, rails, mullions, beams, and the like) with associated sensors and peripheral devices provided in outer layers or structures. Can be installed during building construction. Installed networks can take advantage of the remote operations capabilities (e.g., sensing, data transmission, processing) of window networks to reduce the size of current silo-ed sensor and edge network technologies. Including operating costs.

Regarding operating costs, managing and operating a siled sensor network is extremely expensive. In some embodiments, high-bandwidth building networks and associated digital components facilitate centralized monitoring and operation of sensors and other peripheral devices, thereby significantly reducing the cost of operating the sensor network.

In some embodiments, sensors on the window network are positioned close to where building occupants spend time, thereby improving the effectiveness of the sensors in providing occupant comfort. As discussed below, digital components connected to high bandwidth networks as described herein may be deployed at various locations throughout a building. Examples of such locations include building structural elements in offices, lobbies, mezzanines, bathrooms, stairwells, terraces and the like. Within any of these locations, digital elements may be positioned and/or oriented in proximity to occupant locations, thereby gathering the environment best suited to trigger building systems to function in a manner that maintains or enhances occupant comfort. material.

In some embodiments, the sensing, data processing, and data storage capabilities of high-bandwidth, wide-window networks provide for building interactive applications or personal digital devices such as Microsoft's Cortana, Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Google's Google Home. Assistant infrastructure. The usefulness of such applications and personal digital assistants is extended by direct interaction between a range of sensors and building occupants. As described more fully below, such interactions include computer vision, analytics, machine learning, and the like. digital architecture components

A digital architecture element (DAE) may contain various sensors, processors (eg, microcontrollers), network interfaces, and one or more peripheral interfaces. Examples of DAE sensors include light sensors, optionally image capture sensors such as cameras, audio sensors such as voice coils or microphones, air quality sensors, and proximity sensors (e.g., some IR and/or RF sensors). The network interface may be a high bandwidth interface, such as a gigabit (or faster) Ethernet interface. Examples of DAE peripheral devices include video display monitors, add-on speakers, mobile devices, battery pack chargers, and the like. Examples of peripheral interfaces include standard Bluetooth modules, ports such as USB ports and network ports. Additionally or alternatively, ports include any of various proprietary ports for third-party devices.

In some embodiments, the digital architecture components work in conjunction with other hardware and software provided for optically switchable window systems (eg, displays on windows). In some embodiments, digital architecture elements include window controllers or other controllers, such as host controllers, network controllers, etc.

In some embodiments, digital architectural elements include one or more signal generating devices, such as speakers, light sources (eg, LEDs), beacons, antennas (eg, Wi-Fi or cellular communications antennas), and the like . In some embodiments, digital architecture components include energy storage components and/or power capture components. For example, a component may contain one or more batteries or capacitors as energy storage devices. Such components may additionally include photovoltaic cells. In one example, a digital architecture component has one or more user interface components (eg, microphones or speakers) and a plurality of sensors (eg, proximity sensors), as well as a network interface for high-bandwidth communications.

In various embodiments, digital architecture elements are designed or configured to be attached to or otherwise co-located with structural elements of a building. In some cases, digital architectural elements have an appearance that blends with their associated structural elements. For example, digital architectural elements may have shapes, sizes, and colors that blend with associated structural elements. In some cases, digital architecture components are not easily visible to building occupants; for example, components are fully or partially hidden. However, this component may interface with other components that are not integrated into such devices as video display monitors, touch screens, projectors, and the like.

Building structural elements to which digital architectural elements may be attached include any of a variety of building structures. In some embodiments, the building structure to which digital architectural elements are attached is a structure that is installed during the construction of the building, and in some cases early in the construction of the building. In some embodiments, building structural elements used in digital architecture elements are elements that function as building structures. Such elements may be permanent, that is, not easily removable from the building. Examples include walls, partitions (for example, office space partitions), doors, rails, stairs, facades, moldings, mullions, beams, etc. In various examples, building structural elements are located on the building or room perimeter. In some cases, digital architecture elements are provided as separate modular units or boxes attached to building structural elements. In some cases, digital architectural elements are provided as facades of building structural elements. For example, the digital architecture element may provide a cover that is part of a mullion, beam or door. In one example, the digital architecture elements are configured as mullions or positioned in or on mullions. If the digital architecture element is attached to a mullion, it may be bolted to or otherwise attached to a rigid portion of the mullion. In some embodiments, digital architecture elements can be snapped onto building structural elements. In some embodiments, the digital architecture element acts as a molding, such as a crown molding. In some embodiments, the digital architecture elements are modular; that is, they serve as components for computing systems such as communications networks, power distribution networks, and/or using external video displays and/or other user interface components. A module that is part of a larger system.

In some embodiments, digital architecture elements are digital mullions designed to be deployed on some but not all mullions in a room, floor, or building. In some cases, digital mullions are deployed in a regular or periodic manner. For example, digital mullions may be deployed on each sixth mullion.

In some embodiments, in addition to high-bandwidth network connections (ports, switches, routers, etc.) and enclosures, digital architecture components also include more than one of the following digital and/or analog components: cameras, proximity or motion sensing occupancy sensors, color temperature sensors, biometric sensors, speakers, microphones, air quality sensors, hubs for power and/or data connectivity, display video drivers, Wi-Fi access points , antennas, positioning services via beacons or other mechanisms, power sources, light sources, processors and/or auxiliary processing devices.

One or more cameras may contain sensors and processing logic for imaging features in visible light, IR (see the use of thermal imagers below), or other wavelength regions; including HD and higher resolutions It is possible.

One or more proximity or motion sensors may include infrared sensors, such as IR sensors. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor is a radar or radar-type device that uses ranging capabilities to detect the distance to and between objects. Radar sensors can also be used to distinguish between closely spaced occupants by detecting their biometric functions, such as detecting their differential breathing movements. When using radar or radar-like sensors, better operation is facilitated when placed unobstructed or behind the plastic housing of the digital architecture component.

One or more occupancy sensors may include multi-pixel thermal imagers that, when configured with appropriate computer-implemented algorithms, may be used to detect and/or count occupants in a room. In one embodiment, data from a thermal imager or thermal camera is correlated with data from a radar sensor to provide a better level of confidence in making certain determinations. In embodiments, thermal imager measurements may be used to evaluate other thermal events in specific locations, such as airflow changes due to opening windows and doors, presence of intruders, and/or fire.

One or more color temperature sensors may be used to analyze the spectrum of lighting present in a specific location and provide a change in lighting that may be implemented as needed or as needed, for example to improve the health or mood of the occupants.

One or more biometric sensors (eg, for fingerprint, retina, or facial recognition) may be provided as a standalone sensor or integrated with another sensor such as a camera.

One or more speakers and associated power amplifiers may be included as part of or separate from the digital architecture components. In some embodiments, two or more speakers and amplifiers may be configured together as a sound bar; that is, an elongated device containing multiple speakers. Devices may be designed or configured to provide high fidelity sound.

One or more microphones and logic for detecting and processing sound may be provided as part of or separate from the digital architecture components. Microphones can be configured to detect either or both internally or externally generated sounds. In one embodiment, sound processing and analysis is performed by logic embodied in software, firmware, or hardware in one or more digital structural elements and/or by one or more other devices coupled to a network ( For example, logic execution in one or more controllers coupled to the network. In one embodiment, based on the analysis, logic is configured to automatically adjust the sound output of one or more speakers to mask and/or eliminate sounds, frequency changes, echoes, and adverse effects detected by one or more microphones. Other factors that affect (or have the potential to adversely affect) the occupants present in a particular part of the building. In one embodiment, sounds include sounds produced by, but are not limited to, indoor machines, indoor office equipment, outdoor structures, outdoor traffic, and/or aircraft.

In embodiments, one or more microphones are positioned on or near; windows of the building; ceilings of the building; and/or other interior structures of the building. Logic can be configured in singular or array form to analyze and determine the type, intensity, spectrum, location and/or direction of internal sounds present in a building. In one embodiment, the logic is functionally connected to other fixed or mobile network connected devices available in the building, for example, devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and the like, and is configured to Receive and analyze sounds or related signals from such devices.

In one embodiment, logic is configured to measure and analyze real-time delays in signals from microphones to predict what is needed to mask or eliminate undesirable external and/or internal sounds present at specific locations in a building. The amount and type of sound. In one embodiment, the logic is configured to detect changes in the level and/or location of undesirable external and/or internal sounds, where the changes may be caused, for example, by the movement of objects and people in and out of the building, and Dynamically adjust the amount of masking and/or cancellation of sounds based on changes. In one embodiment, logic is configured to use signals from tracking sensors in a building and based on the signals, based on the presence and/or location of one or more occupants at a specific location in the building Increase or decrease masking and/or eliminate sound. In one embodiment, one or more of the speakers are positioned to create masking and/or propagation of the undesirable sound substantially in the plane of travel (including horizontal planes, vertical planes, and/or a combination of both) or silence the sound.

In one embodiment, the logic includes algorithms designed to acoustically map the interior of a building, locate noise sources within an office, and improve voice privacy. In one embodiment, after an array of speakers and microphones is installed in a building, logic can be used to perform an acoustic scan so that each speaker produces sound that is detected by each microphone. In one embodiment, time delays, volume reductions, and spectral differences in detected sounds are used to calculate and map effective acoustic distances between speakers, microphones, and between them. In one embodiment, the acoustic transfer function of the interior of the building map may be obtained from the acoustic scan. With this set of acoustic maps and transfer functions for one or more spaces within a building, logic can make appropriate masking and/or elimination level decisions when there are sources of undesirable sound originating in the space. When needed, logic can adjust the sound produced by the speakers to correct for absorption by certain absorptive surfaces, for example, sound that would otherwise bounce off soft partition walls can be adjusted back to a crisper sound. The acoustic map of the space can also be used to determine what is a direct sound versus an indirect sound, and to adjust the time delay of masking and/or eliminating sounds so that they arrive at the desired location at the same time.

One or more air quality sensors (capable of measuring one or more of the following air components as appropriate: volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide temperature, humidity) can be used in conjunction with HVAC to improve air circulation control.

One or more hubs may provide power and/or data connectivity to sensors, speakers, microphones, and the like. The hub can be a USB hub, a Bluetooth hub, etc. The hub may include one or more ports, such as a USB port, a High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port, etc. Alternatively or additionally, components may include connector connections for external sensors, lights, peripherals (eg, cameras, microphones, speakers), network connectivity, power supplies, and the like.

One or more video drivers may be provided for a display (eg, a transparent OLED device) on or near an integrated glass unit (IGU) associated with an architectural element. The driver may be wired or optically coupled; for example, by optical transmission to emit an optical signal into a window; see for example a switchable Bragg grating including a display with a light engine and a lens focused for transmission through the glass and On a glass waveguide traveling perpendicular to the line of sight.

One or more Wi-Fi access points and antennas may be part of a Wi-Fi access point or serve different purposes. In some embodiments, the architectural element itself or a panel member covering all or a portion of the architectural element acts as an antenna. Various methods are available to insulate architectural elements and enable them to transmit or receive in a directional manner. Alternatively, a prefabricated antenna or a window antenna may be used, as described in PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US17/31106, filed on May 4, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

One or more power sources may be provided, such as energy storage devices (eg, rechargeable batteries or capacitors) and the like. In some embodiments, a power capture device is included; for example, a photovoltaic cell or battery panel. This situation allows the device to be independent or partially independent. The light capturing device may be transparent or opaque, depending on where it is attached. For example, photovoltaic cells can be attached to and partially or completely cover the exterior of a digital mullion, while transparent photovoltaic cells can cover displays or user interfaces (eg, dials, buttons, etc.) on digital architectural elements.

One or more light sources (eg, light emitting diodes) are configured with a processor to emit light under certain conditions, signaling when the device is active.

One or more processors can be configured to provide a variety of embedded or non-embedded applications. The processor can be a microcontroller. In some embodiments, the processor is a low-power mobile computing unit (MCU) with memory and configured to run a lightweight secure operating system that hosts applications and data. In some embodiments, the processor is an embedded system, a system on a chip, or an expansion module.

One or more auxiliary processing devices, such as a graphics processing unit or an equalizer or other audio processing device, are configured to interpret the audio signal.

A digital architecture element or a building structural element associated with a digital architecture element may have one or more antennas. These antennas may be pre-constructed on the surface of the component or within the component and attached to or embedded in the component. Alternatively or additionally, the antenna may be configured such that the structure of a digital architectural element or building structural element acts as an antenna component. For example, the conductive metal sheets of the mullions can serve as antenna elements or ground planes. In some embodiments, removing (or adding) a portion of a digital architecture element or building structural element allows the remaining portion to act as a tuned antenna element. For example, a portion of the mullion may be stamped out to provide a tuned antenna element. Building structural elements and/or associated digital architecture elements can act as antenna elements by attaching coaxial or other cables to the elements and RF transmitters or receivers. For example, the antenna assembly may be designed to have an impedance that matches the impedance of the RF transmitter (eg, about 50 ohms).

Depending on the construction, the antenna elements may be Wi-Fi antennas, Bluetooth antennas, cellular communications antennas, etc. In certain embodiments, antennas transmit and/or receive in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The antenna can be a flat patch antenna, a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna, etc. It can be configured to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals in any suitable wavelength range. Examples of antenna components that may be used in optically switchable window systems are described in PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US17/31106, filed on May 4, 2017, previously incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In various embodiments, the camera of the digital architecture element is configured to capture images in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, the camera provides images at a high resolution (eg, high definition) of at least about 720p or at least about 1080p. In some cases, cameras may also capture images with information about the intensity of wavelengths outside the visible range. For example, a camera may be able to capture infrared signals. In some embodiments, the digital architecture element includes a near-infrared device, such as a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera or a near-infrared (NIR) camera. Examples of suitable infrared cameras include the Boson™ or Lepton™ from FLIR Systems of Wilsonville, OR. Such infrared cameras can be used to augment visible light cameras in digital architecture components.

In some embodiments, the camera can be configured to map the thermal characteristics of a room so that it can act as a temperature sensor with three-dimensional perception. In some embodiments, such cameras in digital architecture elements enable occupancy detection, augment visible light cameras to facilitate detection of humans rather than hot walls, provide quantitative measurements of solar heating (e.g., image floors or tables and see what the sun actually illuminates), etc.

In certain embodiments, speakers, microphones, and associated logic are configured to use acoustic information to characterize air quality or air conditions. As an example, the algorithm may emit ultrasonic pulses and detect the transmitted and/or reflected pulses returned to the microphone. Algorithms may be configured to sometimes analyze detected acoustic signals using transmitted versus received differential audio signals to determine air density, particle deflection, and the like to characterize air quality.

3 illustrates a block diagram showing examples of components that may be present in certain implementations of a Digital Architecture Element (DAE). In the illustrated example, configuration 300 includes DAE 330 and computer or processor 340. Computer processor 340 is connected to an external network, such as the Internet, and optionally to a cloud-based content and/or service provider. The connection may include appropriate modems, routers, or switches, and may include high bandwidth backbone such as the 10G backbone described above. In this example, computer or processor 340 is also connected to video display 309 via an HDMI link. Additionally, computer 340 is connected to port 311 (USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or other) to make additional internal or external resources available to DAE 330. As indicated above, a DAE may include various sensors and peripheral components. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3 , DAE 330 includes speaker 317 , microphone 319 , and various sensors 321 . Any one or more of these components may be coupled to computer or processor 340 via port 311 .

In the illustrated example, equalizer 313 may be configured to provide tone control to adjust the acoustics of the room. In some cases, equalizer 313 facilitates adjusting room acoustics using, for example, instantaneous time-delayed reflection measurements. Equalizers and associated components can thereby compensate for undesirable audio artifacts produced by the interaction of sound waves with items in the room or otherwise in close proximity to the occupants. In some embodiments, signal pulses are generated by speakers associated with digital architecture elements, and one or more microphones pick up the pulses directly and as reflected and attenuated by items in the room. Based on the time delay between the transmitted and detected pulses and the tonal quality of the detected pulses, the system can infer room boundaries and more. In some embodiments, the user's smartphone further enables the speaker output to be optimized for the acoustic environment of various locations in the room. During setup mode, with the phone enabled, the user can move around the room and use the phone to detect acoustic responses. Based on the location and detected acoustic response, digital architecture components determine how to optimize the speaker output. After mapping the room's acoustic profile, the digital architecture elements are programmed to tune their speaker outputs based on various factors such as where the user is located in the room. In some embodiments, the element may detect the user's location using any of several proximity technologies, such as those described in the PCT patent application filed on May 4, 2017, previously incorporated by reference in its entirety. Those technologies in Case No. PCT/US17/31106. digital wall interface

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to digital wall interfaces containing some or all of the components used in digital architecture elements, and the digital wall interfaces are configured to include digital wall interfaces designed to be installed in partially or fully constructed buildings. A chassis or casing on a wall or door. The wall interface can be constructed to provide a user interface that is easily visible to the user. It may have a relatively small footprint (eg, up to about 500 square inches of user-facing surface area) and be circular or polygonal. In some embodiments, the digital wall interface is roughly the shape and size of a tablet computer.

In some embodiments, a digital wall interface has the same or similar features as a digital architecture component, but is a wall-mounted device. For example, a digital wall interface may include sensors and peripheral components as described for digital architecture components. Alternatively, these components may be included in a strip or similar chassis.

In various embodiments, digital architectural elements are provided with the building as it is constructed, and the digital wall interface is installed in the building after construction of the building is completed or near completion. In one method of building construction, a plurality of digital architectural elements are installed during the construction of the basic building structure (walls, partitions, doors, mullions, beams, etc.), and one or more digital wall interfaces are constructed, for example, by Installation shortly before or upon occupancy by the tenant. Of course, once installed, digital wall interfaces and digital architecture elements can work in conjunction by sharing sensed results, by sharing analysis and control logic, etc., such as as part of a mesh network.

In many embodiments, the digital wall interface includes a built-in display configured to provide a user interface and optionally a touch-sensitive interface. In some, but not all, embodiments, the digital architecture element does not include a display or touch interface. It should be noted that in some embodiments, a digital architecture component does not include a built-in display, but does have an associated display, such as a display connected to the component via an HDMI cable or a projection configured to project video controlled by the component. instrument. Similarly, a digital wall interface can be configured to work with a separate display such as a window display or a projection display.

Although much of the discussion herein regarding the use, components, and functionality of digital devices uses digital architecture elements as examples, in most cases, digital wall interfaces can be used for similar or identical purposes. Therefore, unless the discussion focuses on the structural elements of the building to which the digital device is attached or associated, the discussion applies equally to digital wall interfaces and digital architecture elements. Enhanced functional window controller ( WC3 )

As described above, in some embodiments, the enhanced functionality window controller (WC3) may include a Wi-Fi access point and optionally also have cellular communications capabilities. It is usually configured to connect to multiple networks (for example, CAN bus and Ethernet).

In some embodiments, an enhanced functionality window controller may have the basic structure and functionality as described above, but with the addition of a Gigabit Ethernet interface and a processor with enhanced computing power. Like more conventional window controllers, enhanced functionality window controllers may have a CAN bus interface or similar controller network. In some embodiments, the controller has video capabilities and/or may include features described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15/287,646, filed on October 6, 2016, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the enhanced functionality window controller is implemented as a module having: (i) a processor with sufficiently high processing power to handle video and other functions requiring significant processing power; (ii) ) Ethernet connection; (iii) Video processing capabilities, as appropriate; (iv) Wi-Fi access points or other wireless communication capabilities, etc., as appropriate. This module can be attached to a backplane with other more conventional window controller functionality such as a power amplifier or another backplane for use with a ring sensor. The resulting device may be used to control the optically switchable window, or it may be used solely to provide wireless communications, video, and/or other functionality not necessarily associated with controlling the state of the optically switchable window.

In some embodiments, like the conventional window controllers described herein, the enhanced functionality window controller deploys, controls, alerts, etc. via a CAN bus or similar controller network protocol, but otherwise provides video , Wi-Fi and/or other additional features.

Figure 4 illustrates a comparison between a block diagram of WC2 (Detail A) and a block diagram of WC3 (Detail B) according to some embodiments. The WC2 block diagram is an example of a conventional window controller such as those available from View Inc. of Milpitas, CA. Some of the components depicted include at least one voltage regulator 441, controller network interface, CAN 442, processing unit (microcontroller) 443, and various ports and connectors. Some of these components and example architectures are described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 13/449,251, filed on April 17, 2012, and U.S. Patent Application Nos. 15/334,835, filed on October 26, 2016, which The patent application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Detail B depicts an instance of enhanced functionality window controller WC3. In the depicted embodiment, the conventional window controller (WC2) and the enhanced functionality window controller (WC3) have similar architecture and some common components. Enhanced functionality Window Controller WC3 features a more powerful microcontroller 453 , Gigabit Ethernet interface 454 , wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular) interface 455 and optional MoCA interface 456 . The Gigabit Ethernet interface can be a conventional unshielded twisted pair (eg, UTP/CAT5-6) interface and/or a MoCA (GbE over Coax) interface. In some embodiments, the connection to the enhanced functionality window controller is via a conventional RJ45 modular connector (jack). In some embodiments that support MoCA, the controller includes a separate adapter for the feed jack. As an example, the adapter may be an Actiontec (Actiontec Electronics, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) adapter such as the ECB6250 MoCA 2.5 network adapter, providing data communications up to 2.5 Gbps, for example. Speed adapter. Applications and uses

5A to 5D illustrate several examples of applications and uses of digital architecture components and related components covered by the present disclosure. It should be understood that the networks and high bandwidth backbones described in this article can be used for a variety of functions, some of which are independent of control windows. One such function is to provide Internet, local area network and/or computing services to tenants or other building occupants, on-site construction crews during building construction, and the like. During construction, the network and computing resources provided by the backbone and digital components can be used not only for the commissioning window. For example, it can be used to provide architectural information, build instructions, and the like. In this way, construction personnel can access the construction information they need via a high-bandwidth field network.

In some cases, the network, communications and/or computing services provided by the network and computing infrastructure as described herein are used in multi-tenant buildings or workspaces that share workspaces such as those provided by WeWork.com in space. For example, co-working space buildings only need to provide temporary connectivity and processing capacity as needed. Building networks such as those described herein provide central control and flexible assignment of computing resources to specific building locations. This flexibility allows different resources to be assigned to different tenants.

Readings from sensors in a digital element (eg, a digital wall interface or a digital architecture element) can provide information about the environment in the vicinity of the digital architecture element. Examples of such sensors include sensors for any one or more of temperature, humidity, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide, dust, light level, glare, and color temperature. In some embodiments, readings from one or more such sensors are input to an algorithm, which determines what other building systems should do to offset the deviations in the measured readings so that these readings are consistent with respect to occupancy. Actions to target values for occupant comfort or building efficiency, which depend on the contextual index of occupant presence and other signals.

In some embodiments, digital components may be placed on the roof of a building, optionally co-located with sky sensors or ring sensors, such as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. published on May 4, 2017. No. 2017/0122802. This component may be equipped with some or all of the features presented elsewhere herein for digital architecture components. Examples include sensors, antennas, radios, radars, air quality monitors, etc. In some embodiments, digital elements on roofs or other exterior parts of buildings provide information about air quality; in this way, digital elements can provide information about air quality both inside and outside. This scenario allows the full set of information to be used to make decisions about the status of window tint and other environmental conditions (for example, a decision could be made to prohibit the exhaust of air from the outside when conditions outside the building are unhealthy (or at least worse than inside)).

In some cases, the light level, glare, color temperature, and/or other characteristics of ambient or artificial light in a building area are used to determine whether to change the hue state of an electrochromic device. In some embodiments, these decisions use one or more algorithms or analyses, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15/347,677, filed November 9, 2016, and U.S. Patent Application No. 15/347,677, filed January 4, 2018. Patent Application No. 15/742,015 (National Phase Application), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In one example, shading decisions are made using a solar calculator and/or a reflection model in conjunction with an algorithm for interpreting light information from a sensor of a digital fabric element. In some cases, the algorithm may use information about the presence of occupants; how many occupants are present; and/or where they are located (available via Data obtained from digital architecture components). In some cases, digital architectural elements are used instead of or in conjunction with sky sensors for the purpose of determining appropriate hue states, such as those described in the U.S. Patent Application No. Patent Application No. 15/287,646.

As an example of hue and glare control, sensors in digital components can provide feedback on local light, temperature, color, glare, etc. in a room or other part of a building. Logic associated with the digital components may then determine that the light intensity, direction, color, etc. in the room or portion of the building should be changed, and may also determine how to effect this change. Changes may be necessary for user comfort (eg, reducing glare at the user's workspace, increasing contrast, or correcting color profile for sensitive users) or privacy or safety. Assuming the logic determines that a change is necessary, the logic may then send instructions to change one or more lighting or solar components, such as an optically switchable window tint state, a display device output, a switching particle device film state (e.g., transparent, translucent , opacity), projection of light onto a surface, artificial light output (color, intensity, direction, etc.), and the like. All such decisions may be made with or without assistance from full-building tone state processing logic, such as that described in the U.S. Patent Application filed on November 9, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Application No. 15/347,677 and U.S. Patent Application No. 15/742,015 (national phase application) filed on January 4, 2018.

Arrays of digital infrastructure elements in a building can form a meshed edge access network that enables interaction between building occupants and the building or the machines within the building. When equipped with appropriate network interfaces, digital architecture elements and/or digital wall interfaces and/or enhanced functionality window controllers can serve as digital computing mesh network nodes that provide building structural elements (e.g., mullions) Connectivity, communications, application execution, etc. within for surrounding computing processing. It can be powered, monitored, and controlled in a similar or identical manner to edge sensor nodes in a mesh network setup in a building. It can be used as a gateway to other sensor nodes.

A non-exhaustive list of functions or uses for high-bandwidth window networks and associated digital components covered by this disclosure includes: (a) Speakerphone—a digital wall interface or digital architecture component that can be configured to provide all of the features of a speakerphone Function; (b) Personalization of space - Occupant preferences and/or roles can be stored and then implemented at specific locations where the occupant is located. In some cases, preferences and/or roles are only temporarily implemented while the user is at a specific location. In some cases, preferences and/or roles are still valid as long as the occupant is assigned a workspace or living space; (c) Security—track assets, identify unauthorized presence of individuals in defined locations, lock doors, Tinted windows, untinted windows, audible alarms, etc.; (d) Control of HVAC, air quality; (e) Communication with occupants, including public address announcements to occupants during emergencies; messages can be conveyed via speakers in digital components ; (f) Collaboration between residents using live video; (g) Noise cancellation—for example, a microphone detects white noise and a soundbar cancels it; (h) Connecting to, streaming or otherwise Deliver video or other media content, such as television; (i) enhance personal digital assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Google’s Google Home, Apple’s Siri and/or other personal digital assistants; (j) through, for example, a camera and facial or other biometric recognition implemented by associated image analysis logic—determining the identity of people in the room, rather than just counting the number of people; (k) Detecting color—color balance with room lighting and window tint conditions ;(l) Detect and/or adjust local environmental conditions. Conditions may be determined using one or more of the following types of sensing conditions, such as: temperature and humidity, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO ₂ , dust, smoke, and lighting (light level, glare, color temperature. Calculation System and memory devices

The logic and computational processing resources disclosed herein may be provided within a digital component such as a digital wall interface or digital architecture component (as described herein), and/or they may be provided to a remote location via a network connection, such as using the same or another building with similar resources and services, servers on the Internet, cloud-based resources, etc.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems for generating and/or applying functionality to buildings, such as those described in the previous "Applications and Uses" section. Systems programmed or configured to perform functions and uses may be configured to (i) receive inputs such as sensor data characterizing conditions within the building, occupancy details, and/or external environmental conditions; and (ii) Execution instructions, which determine the impact of such conditions or details on the building environment and take action to maintain or change the building environment, as appropriate.

Many types of computing systems having any of a variety of computer architectures may be used as the disclosed system for implementing the functions and uses described herein. For example, a system may include software components executing on one or more general-purpose processors or specially designed processors such as programmable logic devices (eg, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)). Additionally, the system may be implemented on a single device or distributed across multiple devices. The functions of computing elements can be combined with each other or further divided into sub-modules. In some embodiments, the computing system includes a microcontroller. In some embodiments, a computing system includes a general-purpose microprocessor. Typically, computing systems are configured to run an operating system and one or more applications.

In some embodiments, program code for performing the functions or purposes described herein may be in the form of software components storable on a non-volatile storage medium (such as an optical disk, a flash storage device, a mobile hard drive, etc.) embody. At one level, software components are implemented as sets of commands prepared by programmers/developers. However, module software that is executable by computer hardware is executable code that is submitted to memory using "machine code" selected from a specific set of machine language instructions or "native instructions" designed into the hardware processor. The machine language instruction set or native instruction set is known to and intrinsically built into the hardware processor. This is the "language" by which system and application software communicate with the hardware processor. Each native instruction is discrete code recognized by the processing architecture that specifies a specific register used for arithmetic, addressing, or control functions; a specific memory location or offset; and a specific addressing mode used to interpret the operand. Build more complex operations by combining simple native instructions that are executed sequentially or otherwise directed by control flow instructions.

The relationship between executable software instructions and the hardware processor is structural. In other words, the instruction itself is a series of symbols or values. It does not convey any information per se. The processor is pre-configured by design to interpret symbols/numeric values to give meaning to instructions.

The algorithms used herein may be configured to execute at a single location on a single machine, at a single location on multiple machines, or at multiple locations on multiple machines. When using multiple machines, individual machines can be customized for their specific tasks. For example, operations requiring large blocks of code and/or significant processing power may be implemented on large and/or stationary machines.

Additionally, certain embodiments relate to tangible and/or non-transitory computer-readable media or computer program products that contain program instructions and/or data (including data structures) for performing various computer-implemented operations. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, semiconductor memory devices, phase change devices, magnetic media such as disk drives, magnetic tapes, optical media such as CDs, magneto-optical media, and media specifically configured to store and execute program instructions. Hardware devices, such as read-only memory devices (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). The computer-readable media can be controlled directly by the end user, or the media can be controlled indirectly by the end user. Examples of directly controlled media include media located at the user's facility and/or media not shared with other entities. Examples of indirectly controlled media include media that users access indirectly via external networks and/or via services that provide shared resources, such as the "cloud." Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as that produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level program code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter.

Provide data or information in digital format for use in the disclosed methods and apparatus. This data or information may include sensor data, building architectural information, floor plans, operating or environmental conditions, schedules, and the like. As used herein, data or other information provided in a digital format for storage on a machine and for transmission between machines. Conventionally, data may be stored as bits and/or groups of bytes in various data structures, lists, databases, etc. Data can be embodied electronically, optically, etc.

In some embodiments, algorithms for implementing the functions and uses described herein may be considered a form of application software that interfaces with user and system software. System software typically interfaces with computer hardware and associated memory. In some embodiments, system software includes operating system software and/or firmware, as well as any middleware and drivers installed in the system. System software provides basic, non-task-specific functions of the computer. In contrast, modules and other application software are used to perform specific tasks. Each native command for a module is stored in a memory device and represented by a numerical value. Integrated environmental monitoring and control

As described above, the disclosed technology encompasses a network of digital architecture elements (DAEs) capable of collecting a rich set of data related to environmental, occupancy and safety conditions inside and/or outside a building. Digital architectural elements may include optically switchable windows and/or mullions or other architectural features associated with optically switchable windows. Advantageously, the digital architecture elements may be widely distributed throughout at least all or a large portion of the building perimeter. As a result, the data collected can provide a highly granular, detailed representation of the environmental, occupancy and safety conditions associated with most or all of the building's interior and/or exterior. For example, most or all of a building's windows may include or be associated with digital architecture elements that include a series of sensors, such as light sensors and/or cameras (visible light and/or IR ); acoustic sensors, such as microphone arrays; temperature and humidity sensors; and air quality sensors that detect VOC, CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), and/or dust.

In some embodiments, automated or semi-automated technologies incorporating machine learning are contemplated, in which a building's environmental control, communications and/or security systems intelligently react to changes in collected data. As an example, occupancy levels of rooms in a building may be determined by light sensor cameras and/or acoustic sensors, and correlations may be made between specific changes in occupancy levels and desired changes in HVAC functionality. For example, increased occupancy levels may be associated with a need to increase airflow and/or lower thermostat settings. As another example, data from air quality sensors that detect dust levels may be related to the need to perform building maintenance or introduce or exclude outside air from interior spaces. For example, in one use case scenario, dust levels in the room were observed to rise as the occupant moved around the room, and to decrease when the occupant sat down. In this scenario, it may be determined that the floor covering needs to be serviced (scrubbed, vacuumed). In another use case scenario, when the window is open, the measured internal air quality may be observed to (i) improve or (ii) degrade. In the case of (i), it can be determined whether the air circulation duct or filter should serve the HVAC system. In the case of (ii), the outside air quality can be judged to be poor, and the windows of the building should preferably be kept in the closed position. In yet another use case scenario, a correlation can be established between the number of occupants in a conference room and whether doors and/or windows are open or closed by the Co2 content and/or the rate of change of the Co2 content.

More generally, the present technology encompasses measuring a plurality of "building conditions" and controlling "building operating parameters" of a plurality of "building systems" in response to the measured building conditions, as shown in Figure 6 instruction. As used herein, "building conditions" may refer to physically measurable conditions in a building or a portion of a building. Examples include temperature, air velocity, luminous flux and color, occupancy, air quality and composition (particle count, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide gas concentrations, water (i.e., humidity)). As used herein, "building systems" may refer to systems that control or adjust building operating parameters. Examples include HVAC systems, lighting systems, security systems, and window optical condition control systems. Building operating parameters may refer to parameters that can be controlled by one or more building systems to adjust or control building conditions. Examples include heat flux from or to a heater or air conditioner, heat flux from a window or lighting system in the room, airflow through a room, and light flux from artificial or natural light through optically switchable windows.

Still referring to Figure 6, method 600 may include collecting input from a plurality of sensors (block 610). Some or all of the sensors may be positioned on or associated with respective windows, and/or respective digital architecture elements associated with the windows, and/or the digital wall interface. For example, sensors may include visible and/or IR light sensors or cameras, acoustic sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and air quality sensors. It should be understood that the input collected may represent measurements of multiple environmental conditions that are diverse in time and space. In some implementations, at least some of the inputs may include a combination of sensors. For example, separate sensors dedicated to individual measurements of CO ₂ , CO, dust, and/or smoke may be included, and a combination of inputs from the separate sensors may be analyzed (block 620 ) to determine whether the air Quality control. As another example, input collected from separate sensors that measure optical and acoustic signals respectively may be analyzed (block 620) related to determinations of occupancy levels in a room. As yet another example, input may be received at nearly the same time from spatially distributed sensors. For example, sensors may be spatially distributed relative to a given room or distributed among multiple rooms and/or floors of a building.

In some implementations, the analysis of the measured data at block 620 may consider certain "content context information" that is not necessarily obtained from the sensor. As used herein, contextual information may include time of day and time of year, and local weather and/or climate information, as well as information about the layout of the building, and usage parameters of various parts of the building. Content background information may be initially entered by a user (eg, a building manager) and updated manually and/or automatically from time to time. Examples of usage parameters may include a building's operational schedule, and identification of expected and/or permitted/authorized uses of individual rooms or larger portions (eg, floors) of a building. For example, certain portions of billing may be identified as lobby space, restaurant/cafeteria space, conference rooms, open floor areas, private office space, etc. Content background information may be used to determine whether or how to modify building operating parameters (block 630) and for calibrating and optionally adjusting sensors. For example, based on contextual information, certain sensors may be optionally deactivated in certain parts of a building to meet the privacy expectations of occupants. As another example, sensors for a room where a large number of people are expected to gather (eg, an assembly hall) may be advantageously used compared to sensors for a room where a large number of people are expected to gather (eg, a private office). Different calibrations or adjustments.

The goal of the analysis at block 620 may be to determine that a particular building condition exists or can be predicted to exist. As a simple example, analysis may include comparing sensor readings, such as light flux or temperature measurements, to threshold values. As another more complex example, when the occupancy load in a room experiences a change (due to, for example, a meeting being called or adjourned in a conference room), the analysis at block 620 may first directly identify the changes due to acoustics from the room associated with the room. and/or changes in inputs from optical sensors; secondly, the analysis can predict environmental parameters that can be expected to change due to changes in occupancy loads. For example, an increase in occupancy loads can be expected to result in increased ambient temperatures and increased _CO2 levels. Advantageously, the analysis at block 620 may be automatically performed periodically or continuously using a model or other algorithm that may be improved over time using, for example, machine learning techniques. In some embodiments, the analysis may not clearly identify a specific building condition (or combination of conditions) to determine whether building operating parameters should be adjusted.

Referring again to block 630, a determination may be made based on the results of analysis block 620 whether or how to modify the building operating parameters. Depending on the decision, building conditions may or may not change. When it is determined that the building operating parameters are not to be modified, the method may return to block 610. When charging to modify operating parameters is determined, one or more building conditions may be adjusted at block 640 for purposes such as improving occupant comfort or safety and/or reducing operating costs and energy consumption. For example, lights and/or HVAC services may be set to low power conditions in rooms determined to be unoccupied. As another example, it may be determined that a malfunction or problem has occurred that requires the attention of the building's management, maintenance, or safety personnel.

Determinations can be made reactively and/or proactively. For example, a decision may be made in response to a change in a measured parameter, for example, a decision may be made to increase HVAC flow rate when an increase in ambient _CO2 is measured. Alternatively or additionally, the determination may be made proactively, that is, the building operating parameters may be adjusted in anticipation of a change in the environment before the change is actually measured. For example, an observed change in occupancy loads may lead to a decision to increase HVAC flow rates regardless of whether a corresponding increase in ambient _CO2 or temperature is measured.

In some embodiments, determinations may be made regarding building operating parameters associated with HVAC (e.g., airflow rates and temperature settings), which may be based on measured temperature, _CO2 content, humidity, and / or local occupancy rate control. In some embodiments, the determination may be related to building operating parameters associated with building safety. For example, in response to abnormal sensor readings, security system alarms can be triggered, selected doors and windows can be locked or unlocked, and/or the tint status of all or some windows can be changed. Examples of safety-related building conditions include detection of broken windows, detection of unauthorized persons in controlled areas, and detection of unauthorized movement of equipment, tools, electronic devices, or other assets from one location to another. Test.

Other types of safety-related building condition information may include information related to the occurrence of sound detections outside and/or within the building. In one embodiment, the detected sound is analyzed for its sound type. In some embodiments, analysis is initiated via hardware, firmware or software onboarded to one or more digital structural elements or elsewhere in the building or even outside the building. In some embodiments, sound outside or inside a building vibrates a conductive layer deposited on the window pane of an electrochromic window. These vibrations cause changes in capacitance between the conductive layers and these capacitance changes are converted into indications. Sound signal. Thus, some windows of the present invention may inherently provide sound and/or vibration sensor functionality, however, in other embodiments, sound and/or vibration sensor functionality may be provided by having or not having conductive The sensor of the layer window and/or is provided by one or more sensors implemented in the digital structural element.

In one embodiment, the origin of the sound may be determined by analyzing differences in sound amplitude and/or sound time delay experienced by different ones of the sound and/or vibration sensors. Types of sounds that are detected and then analyzed include, but are not limited to: cracked window sounds, speech (e.g., of persons authorized or unauthorized in certain areas), sounds caused by movement (of people, machines, airflow, etc.) sounds, and sounds caused by gunfire. In one embodiment, one or more appropriate safety or other actions are initiated by one or more systems within the building depending on the type of sound detected. For example, when it is determined that a shooting has occurred at a location outside or inside a building, the building management system makes an automated 911 call to summon emergency responders to that location.

In the case of sounds produced by firearms within a building, knowledge of the precise location of the sound (e.g., room, floor, and building information) and the shooter generating the sound is necessary for appropriate emergency response. However, in buildings with large open space floor plans and/or corridors, text location information that needs to reference the floor plan of a specific building may delay response. In one embodiment, visual location information is also provided instead of just text location information. Visual location information of the sound may be provided by the installed camera system (if so equipped), but in one embodiment, by causing the tint state of one or more windows determined to be closest to the sound produced by the firearm or shooter to change Available in unique tonal condition. For example, in one embodiment, upon sensing a sound of interest, the tint of the tintable window closest to the sound of interest is changed to a darker tint than the tint of the window further away from the sound, or vice versa. . In this way, if the respondent cannot quickly locate a specific room on a specific floor of a specific building, they may be able to do so by visually looking for windows that have been uniquely tinted darker or lighter than other windows. .

In one embodiment, the current location of a person associated with a particular sound may differ from its initial location, in which case the change in location may be updated by detecting other sounds or changes to the environment caused by the person. For example, in an active shooter situation, gas sensors in digital architecture elements or other predetermined locations could be used to monitor changes in air quality due to the presence of explosive explosives and thereby provide responders with information about the shooter. Part update. Acoustic and other sensors can also be used to obtain the location of persons and active shooters trying to hide quietly (e.g., via infrared detection of their locations). In one embodiment, to confuse the active shooter, sound may be generated by speakers in the digital architecture element or other speakers in the shooter's area to distract the shooter, or to mask the hostage trying to hide from the shooter. noise generated. In one embodiment, speakers and/or microphones in digital architecture elements or other devices may be selectively enabled to communicate with persons attempting to hide from the active shooter. In addition to having one or more windows uniquely tinted to aid in identifying the location of the sound, in some embodiments it may be desirable to change the unique tint of the window to some other tint, such as to provide more light to facilitate the identification of one or more persons. Access certain areas, or provide less light to block visibility in certain areas.

Still referring to FIG. 6, at block 640, one or more building parameters may be modified in response to the determination made at block 630. In some embodiments, building parameter modifications may be implemented under the control of a building management system and may be implemented by one or more of building systems such as HVAC, lighting systems, security systems, and window controller networks . It should be understood that building parameter modifications can be made globally (whole building) or selectively in local areas (eg, individual rooms, suites, floors, etc.).

As mentioned, building systems that determine how to modify building operating parameters may use machine learning. This means using training data to train a machine learning model. In some embodiments, the procedure begins by training an initial model via supervised or semi-supervised learning. Models can be improved through continuous training/learning provided by use in the field (eg, when operating in a functioning building). Examples of training data (building conditions that interact with each other and/or with building operating parameters) include the following combinations of sensed data or content background data (X or input) and building operating parameters or labels (Y or output): (a) [X=occupancy rate (as measured by IR or camera/video), content background, luminous flux (internal + solar energy); Y=ΔT/time (no cooling)]; (b) [X=occupancy rate (as measured by IR or camera/video), content context; Y = ΔCO ₂ /time (with nominal exhaust)]; and (c) [X = occupancy (as measured by IR or camera/video measurement), content background, temperature, external relative humidity (RH); Y=ΔRH/time (with nominal exhaust)]. Part of the purpose of machine learning is to identify unknown or hidden patterns or relationships, so learning typically uses a large number of inputs (X) for each possible output (Y).

In some embodiments, execution of the program flow illustrated in Figure 6 may be facilitated by deploying digital architecture components with a series of functional modules for collecting and analyzing environmental data, communication, and control. Figure 7 illustrates an example of a series of such functional modules according to one embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, digital architecture component 700 includes power and communications module 710, audiovisual (A/V) module 720, environment module 730, computing/learning module 740, and controller module 750.

Power and communications module 710 may include one or more wired or wireless interfaces for transmitting and receiving communications signals and/or power. Examples of wireless power transmission technologies suitable for use in conjunction with the techniques disclosed herein are described in: Applications entitled Wirelessly Powering Electrochromic Windows and Powering Electrochromic Windows filed March 13, 2018 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/642,478 (WIRELESSLY POWERED AND POWERING ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS); filed on September 21, 2017, titled Wirelessly Powered Electrochromic Windows and Powering Electrochromic Windows (WIRELESSLY POWERED AND POWERING ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS) international patent application PCT/US17/52798; and US patent application No. 14/962,975 filed on December 8, 2015 entitled WIRELESS POWERED ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS, Each of them is assigned to any asset owner of this application, and the contents of such applications are hereby incorporated into this application by reference in their entirety. The power and communication module 710 can be communicatively coupled to and distribute power to each of the following: audiovisual (A/V) module 720, environment module 730, computing /Learning module 740 and controller module 750. The power and communications module 710 may also be communicatively coupled to one or more other digital infrastructure components (not illustrated) and/or interface with the building's power and/or control distribution nodes.

A/V module 720 may include one or more of the A/V components described above, including a camera or other visual and/or IR light sensor, a visual display, a touch interface, a microphone or microphone array, and Speakers or speaker arrays. In some embodiments, the "touch" interface may additionally include gesture recognition capabilities for detecting and responding to non-touch movements of a person's appendages or handheld objects.

The environment module 730 may include one or more of the environment sensing components described above, including temperature and humidity sensors, acoustic light sensors, IR sensors, particle sensors (e.g., for Detect dust, smoke, pollen, etc.), VOC, CO and/or CO2 sensors. Environment module 730 may functionally and have a range of audio and video sensors that may partially or fully overlap the sensors described above in connection with A/V module 720 (e.g., microphones, visual and/or IR light sensors). /or electromagnetic sensor. In some embodiments, the term "sensor" as used herein may include processing capabilities to, for example, make determinations such as occupancy (or number of residents) in a zone. Cameras, especially those that detect IR radiation, can be used to directly identify the number of people in an area. Alternatively, in addition, the sensors may provide raw (unprocessed) signals to the calculation/learning module 740 and/or the controller module 750 .

The computing/learning module 740 may include processing components (including general-purpose or special-purpose processors and memory) as described above for digital architecture elements, digital wall interfaces, and/or enhanced functionality window controllers. Alternatively or additionally, it may include specially designed ASICs, digital signal processors, or other types of hardware, including processors designed or optimized to implement models such as machine learning models (e.g., neural networks) . Examples include Google's "Tensor Processing Unit," or TPU. Such processors may be designed to efficiently compute activation functions, matrix operations and/or other mathematical operations required for neural network or other machine learning calculations. For some applications, other specialized processors such as graphics processing units (GPUs) may be used. In some cases, the processor may be provided in a system in a chip architecture.

Controller module 750 may be or may include a window control module having one or more of the features described in the application entitled Controller for Optically Switchable Window filed January 29, 108 U.S. patent application No. 15/882,719 "CONTROLLER FOR OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE WINDOWS"; U.S. patent application entitled "CONTROLLER FOR OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE WINDOWS" filed on April 17, 2012 Application No. 13/449,251; International Patent Application No. PCT/US17/47664 entitled "ELECTROMAGNETIC-SHIELDING ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS" filed on August 18, 2017; October 2016 U.S. Patent Application No. 15/334,835, titled "CONTROLLERS FOR OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE DEVICES", filed on the 26th; and the patent application titled "For OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE DEVICES" filed on November 10, 2017 International Patent Application No. PCT/US17/61054 "POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES", each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. incorporated into this application.

For clarity of illustration, Figure 7 presents the digital architecture elements as separate and unique modules 710, 720, 730, 740, and 750. However, it should be understood that two or more modules may be structurally combined with each other and/or with the features of the digital wall interface described above. Furthermore, it is anticipated that in a building facility containing several digital architecture elements, not each digital architecture element will necessarily include all of the described modules 710, 720, 730, 740, and 750. For example, in some embodiments, one or more of the described modules 710, 720, 730, 740, and 750 may be shared by a plurality of digital architecture elements.

Figure 8 illustrates an example physical package of a digital architecture element in accordance with some embodiments. As can be observed in Figure 8, it is contemplated that the functionality of the described modules 710, 720, 730, 740, and 750 can be configured in a physical package with a structure that can be easily accommodated by architectural features such as typical window mullions. Size and appearance dimensions. Trunks for high-speed network infrastructure

The increasing use and implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices requires communications networks that can support their data transfer volumes. In the debate over previously constructed buildings, it is increasingly being discovered that existing installed network infrastructure cannot support this data throughput. Implementation or modification of a building network infrastructure in accordance with the present invention enables higher speed communications between more devices than was previously possible.

Figures 9A-9C illustrate representations of trunks for high speed network infrastructure, according to some embodiments. Referring first to FIG. 9A, in one embodiment, a high-speed network infrastructure 900a is implemented by at least one trunk 901 including at least one trunk segment 902 and at least one or more circuits 903. As described in greater detail below, one or more of the circuits 903 may be disposed in or otherwise associated with respective digital fabric elements. In some embodiments, network 900a is configured to carry signals at throughputs of, for example, 500 Mbps, 1 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps, and 10 Gbps as contemplated by MoCA 2.0, Bonded MoCA 2.0, MoCA 2.5, and MoCA 3.0, respectively. Send signals to and/or from the device.

Referring now to Figure 9B, in one embodiment, network infrastructure 900b includes a series connection of trunk segments 902 daisy-chained together, with one end of first segment 902(1) coupled to a control panel (CP ) 920 and the second end of the first section 902(1) is coupled to the second section 902(i) via the trunk circuit 903. In one embodiment, second section 902(i) includes two or more conductors (in the illustrated example, 902(2) and 902(3). In one embodiment, trunk section Some or all of 902 include twisted pairs of conductors configured to carry power signals. In one embodiment, the DC power signal includes a Class 2 power signal. In one embodiment, at least one end of section 902 includes an RF Connector 905. In one embodiment, RF connector 905 includes an F-type connector.

In one embodiment, each trunk circuit 903 is configured to pass signals between two trunk segments 902 and is further configured to couple signals between the segments and connectors 908 . In one embodiment, at least one trunk circuit 903 includes connector 908, at least one connector 906 configured to mate with connector 905 at the end of section 902, and configured to mate with conductor 902 (2 ,3) Carrying at least one connector 907 for power signal mating. In one embodiment, connector 906 is or includes an F-type connector configured to mate with connector 905 of section 902; and connector 907 includes at least one fastener, such as, but not limited to, configured to fasten Terminal block type fastener at the conductive end of a solid conductor.

In one embodiment, trunk circuit 903 includes one or more passive circuits. Referring now to FIG. 9C , in the illustrated embodiment, trunk circuit 903 includes directional coupler circuit 909 coupled to bias tee circuit 940 . In one embodiment, directional coupler 909 is proximate to first conductor 911 and includes second conductor 912 . With first conductor 911 configured to conduct signals between segments 902, the signal on first conductor 911 is inductively coupled to second conductor 912. In one embodiment, the bias tee circuit 940 includes an inductor 941 and a capacitor 942, wherein a first end of the inductor 941 is coupled to the connector 907 and a second end of the inductor 941 is coupled to the capacitor 942 and the connector. 908. In one embodiment, the power signal at connector 207 and the signal provided by directional coupler circuit 909 are combined by biasing tee circuit 940 and the combined signal is coupled to the connector by biasing tee circuit 940 908. In one embodiment, connector 908 is or includes an RF connector. In one embodiment, connector 908 is or includes an F-type connector. In one embodiment, connector 908 is coupled to downconductor 913 , which can be configured to carry both power and high-speed/high-bandwidth data signals to one or more devices 914 . In one embodiment, down conductor 913 is or includes a coaxial cable conductor.

In one embodiment, the high-speed network is installed on or in buildings under construction. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the network is installed on or in structural elements of the building, e.g., such as unfinished or exposed interior and exterior facing walls, ceilings, before the building is opened for occupancy. and/or structural elements of the floor. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the network is installed during or after installation of the electrical infrastructure of the building under construction. In other embodiments, one or more portions of the network are installed before or during installation of windows in a building under construction. Early installation of network 900 prior to completion of final completion work enables previously unavailable functionality to be available during building construction. In one embodiment where the windows are installed simultaneously with or after the network is installed, some or all of the processing capacity of the network and/or windows may be made available to contractors and other on-site personnel. For example, in one embodiment where a window composed of digital display screen technology is installed simultaneously with or after the network is installed, electronic versions of the construction blueprints can be used to present the building to the site on the display screen. Engineers and contractors are shown.

Additionally, certain materials in buildings are known to interfere with or block the transmission of certain frequencies during or after construction. This blocking can interfere with the operation of devices that rely on those frequencies. For example, it is known that metal structures (such as, but not limited to, metal beams and metal window glass coatings) that can be present in interior and/or exterior walls of buildings can interfere with the operation of certain wireless devices. Such devices include, but are not limited to, cellular phones, IoT devices, 5G and millimeter wave enabled devices. In one embodiment, trunk 901 is configured to include or be connected to one or more devices such as transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters to avoid such blocking. Appropriate placement of one or more transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters in or on the structure of a building may be used to facilitate communications across and around such structures. In one embodiment, during or after building construction, one or more transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters are coupled to trunks 901 to facilitate communication between devices within the building. In one embodiment, one or more transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters are positioned within a building based on their connections to trunks 901 and/or trunk routing. For example, in one embodiment, during or after construction, trunks 901 are installed on or in the exterior walls of a building, and transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters serve as one or more trunk circuits 903 provided as part of or separate from one or more trunk circuits. In one embodiment, routing of trunks 901 along the exterior of a building may be used to improve wireless connectivity to devices present outside the building. In embodiments, one or more architectural elements may include transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters. In one embodiment, transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters may be disposed in or on a window or window frame. In one embodiment, transceivers, antennas, and/or signal repeaters may be coupled to trunk 901 via downconductor 913 or via a connection to trunk 901 at some other point along the trunk. In one embodiment, one or more of the transceiver, antenna, and/or signal repeater are located on an exterior wall or roof or building, and the trunk line 901 is coupled to the transceiver, antenna, and/or signal repeater. Trunk - downline interface

Figure 10 shows an example power and data distribution system including control panels, trunks, down conductors, and digital fabric components in accordance with some embodiments. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 10 , a control panel 1020 provides power and data to a plurality of digital architecture components 1030 .

Conductors (power insertion wires) 1002(2), power injectors 1070, and power sections 1090 are provided to carry power from the control panel 1020 to the digital architecture element 1030. A power distribution system including trunks, power inserts, and power injectors is discussed in PCT Application Publication No. 2018/102103 (P085X1WO) filed on November 10, 2017, which application publication is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. middle.

In some embodiments, the power inserts and power sections include one or more twisted pair conductors, such as 12 or 14 AWG conductor pairs. In one example, one or both of these types of current carrying wires contain two pairs of 2x14 AWG conductors. In certain embodiments, one or both of these types of current-carrying cables are designed for use with Class 2 power supplies (eg, <4 amps and <30 volts DC).

In the depicted embodiment, power from control panel 1020 is delivered to bias tee 1040 first via power inset 1002(2) and then from power injector 1070 and finally via power section 1090. Bias tee 1040 couples power and data into down conductors 1013 connected to a plurality of digital architecture components 1030 .

In the depicted embodiment, data is provided between a control panel 1020 (or more specifically, such as a host controller or a network controller disposed in the control panel) and a plurality of digital infrastructure components 1030 . Data is carried from cable 1002(1) connected to control panel 1020 to directional coupler 1009, bias tee 1040 and finally to down conductor 1013.

In some embodiments, data carrying cable 1002(1) and downconductor 1013 are coaxial cables. In some embodiments, one or both of the coaxial cables are RG6 coaxial cables. As explained elsewhere herein, the system may include hardware and/or software logic for delivering high bandwidth data over coaxial cable. In certain embodiments, the system uses components configured to deliver material using one or more of the MoCA standards.

In various embodiments, data from the control panel is delivered to individual ones of the plurality of digital infrastructure elements 1030 by using directional couplers 1009 to tap some of the carrier signals from the data carrying cable 1002(1). As an example, a directional coupler may direct a small portion of the data signal from data-carrying cable 1002(1) and direct the extracted signal toward the bias tee. As an example, the data signal received at the directional coupler has a first signal strength, and the digital coupler extracts a small portion of the signal for biasing the tee and allows the signal of slightly reduced strength to continue downstream toward the next directional coupling. device.

Data upstream from digital fabric element 1030 is passed via down conductor 1013 to bias T-piece 1040 and directional coupler 1009, and ultimately to data-carrying cable 1002(1) for delivery to control panel 1020 (or more often). To be precise, delivered to the network controller or master controller in the control panel). Directional couplers 1009, such as those depicted in this example system, direct certain data in only one direction. For example, upstream data from digital fabric element 1030 passing through directional coupler 1009 is directed only upstream on data carrying cable 1002(1) toward control panel 1020.

In the example of Figure 10, any one or more of the digital architecture elements 1030 may include any one or more of the modules or may provide one or more of the functionality described elsewhere herein. For example, although directional coupler 1009 and bias tee 1040 are shown external to respective digital fabric elements 1030 for clarity of illustration, it is contemplated that in some embodiments at least some of digital fabric elements 1030 will include respective directional couplings. 1009 and/or bias T-piece 1040 respectively. In some embodiments, at least one of digital architecture elements 1030 lacks sensor, audio, and/or video capabilities. For example, digital infrastructure element 1030 may include only communication capabilities such as Wi-Fi, cellular, and/or wired network capabilities.

In some cases, one or more of the digital architecture elements contains modules or other components for controlling one or more electrically tintable windows. In some cases, a digital architecture element contains or is in communication with one or more window controllers. To this end, one or more of the digital architecture elements may include components such as a gateway to implement controller area network (eg, CANbus) functionality. In some such cases, the system depicted in Figure 10 may have CANbus cabling provided via trunks or other components.

In FIG. 10 and other figures depicting systems containing digital architectural elements, it is understood that the digital architectural elements may be replaced by other digital elements that provide any one or more functions (providing control, processing, communications, and/or sensing). For example, any digital architecture element may be replaced by a digital wall controller, enhanced functionality window controller, or the like

Figure 11 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example of a trunk circuit similar to the trunk circuit described above in conjunction with Figure 9C. In the illustrated example, the trunk circuit contains a combination of features of both directional coupler 1109 and bias tee circuit 1140, which may be referred to as a multiport coupler or trunk tee. In the depicted example, directional coupler 1109 is proximate to first conductor 1111 including upstream section (inlet) 1111(i) and downstream section (outlet) 1111(o). Conductor 1111 may be coupled to a section of a trunk line, such as section 902 of Figure 9c and 1002(i) of Figure 10. Directional coupler 1109 includes a second conductor 1112 that is inductively coupled to first conductor 1111. In the illustration In an example, a directional coupler provides a tap 1150 for the data signal extracted from the first conductor 1111. In some embodiments, the directional coupler includes two parallel conductive elements (eg, two copper traces). These are depicted as (i) a first conductor 1111 connecting two portions of a coaxial or other data-carrying line (not shown), and (ii) a second conductor 1112 that is a directional finger. Via inductive coupling, from the host The signal from the data-carrying line is tapped or extracted for other uses; in this case, it is provided to bias T-circuit 1140. Among other parameters, the directional fingers follow the path of the continuous conductive element. The relative lengths and separation distance between these two conductive elements determine the strength of the signal carried by the tapped data.

As an example, the data signal arrives at the directional coupler from the control panel, and the arriving signal (at 1111(i)) has a signal strength of 25 dB. The directional coupler is configured to extract a portion of the signal (e.g., 2 dB) and allow the remaining 23 dB of signal (at 1111(o)) to continue its journey downstream (away from the control panel (not illustrated)) and toward, e.g., the next directional Coupler (not stated).

Tap 1150 can deliver data to bias tee 1140 at a relatively low signal strength compared to the signal on first conductor 1111. As shown, bias tee 1140 has a structure that includes: Inductive element 1141 , which is coupled to a power source (eg, a power section such as section 1090 ); and capacitive element 1142 on the link between directional coupler 1109 and the node connected to inductive element 1141 .

In operation, bias tee circuitry 1140 may receive data as an RF signal from directional coupler 1109 via coaxial cable and combine the data with DC power from a separate power supply. Bias tee circuitry sends the combined signal on downlead 1113 for downstream transmission to device 1114, which may be a digital architecture device (eg, digital architecture device 1030 of Figure 10) or other digital device, and/or window control appliances and/or electrically tinted windows (e.g. in IGUs). Power provided to bias tee 1140 (and specifically, inductive element 1141) can come from any of a variety of sources. In some embodiments, it is provided via a cable line originating at the control panel (eg, a power plug-in line such as line 1002(2) or a power section such as section 1090). In some embodiments, this is provided via a storage battery, storage capacitor, or other form of energy sink (not illustrated). In some embodiments, the combined trunk tee circuit includes both power cables and energy sinks. Working cooperatively with appropriate control logic, these two power supplies can provide load balancing, backup power, and the like in an electrical distribution system.

In the alternative embodiment depicted in FIG. 11 , device 1114 is configured as a digital fabric element including a bias tee circuit 1160 for accepting data and power provided via downconductor 1113 . AC power from downconductor 113 is directed to the power supply of the digital architecture component on the first circuit leg, and data is directed to a different leg for processing at block 1161 .

In some embodiments, a combined trunk tee circuit includes at least five ports: (i) an input data port for receiving data from an upstream source (eg, a control panel); (ii) an output data port for transmitting data to downstream relay tee circuits (and ultimately to downstream processing units such as other digital architecture components); (iii) input power ports for receiving power from a power source (e.g., a control panel); (iv) Output power ports, which are used to transfer unused power downstream to other devices that consume power; and (iv) drop ports, which are used to transfer tapped data and power over the drop wires to devices such as digital infrastructure components. device. In some embodiments, ports (i), (ii), and (iv) contain connectors for coaxial cables, and ports (iii) and (iv) contain connectors for twisted pair cables.

In some embodiments, a directional coupler, such as directional coupler 1109 within relay tee 1103, contains controls or controls for controlling or adjusting coupling between traces or other conductive elements contained in the directional coupler. Adjustment features such as mechanically or electrically controllable knobs or dials. For example, control or adjustment features may provide control over the relative position and/or overlap length of the traces, thereby permitting different degrees of signal coupling.

Depending on where in the communications network the directional coupler is deployed (close to the control panel or terminal or somewhere in between), the directional coupler may require varying degrees of signal coupling. Adjustable mechanisms may permit varying degrees of signal coupling suitable for different locations on the communications network.

In some embodiments, trunks connect to the control panel and carry both data lines and power lines. For example, the trunks may carry power plug wires 1002(2) and data-carrying cables 1002(1) from control panel 1020 in the system of Figure 10.

Figure 12 depicts a cross-section of an example trunk 1200 configured to carry a combination of power and data from and/or carry data to the control panel. Trunk 1200 has conductors and shields used to carry power and data for both common network protocols (eg, Ethernet) and control area networks (eg, CANbus protocol). As shown in Figure 12, trunk 1200 includes an outer jacket 1210, which may be or contain an insulator. In the depicted example, the outer jacket encloses an inner coaxial cable 1220 (eg, RG6 coaxial) for high bandwidth data communications, two large gauge twisted pair cables 1230 (eg, RG6 coaxial) for high wattage power delivery. 14 AWG unshielded twisted pair cable), and CANbus shielded multi-conductor cable 1240 for interfacing with, for example, window controls, sensors, and the like. Of course, many of these characteristics can be generalized, such as the number of twisted pair conductors, the gauge of the conductors, and even the type of data-carrying cable (eg, non-coaxial, such as fiber optics). In some embodiments, a CANbus cable includes: two data conductors, which are twisted pairs with an integral shield (eg, foil shield) on the pair; and two power conductors. The two power conductors can be just a single wire and a shield wire (bare wire, not insulated) electrically connected to the overall shield.

Figure 13 shows an example of a portion of a data and power distribution system having digital fabric elements (such as a "smart frame" or similar communications/processing module) 1330 connected via downleads 1313 including directional couplers 1389 and The combined module 1380 of the bias T-shaped circuit 1384 is coupled. Down conductor 1313 carries both power and data downstream to DAE 1330, and carries data upstream from DAE 1330 to the control panel (not shown). Data from the control panel (or other upstream source) can be provided via coaxial cable input port 1381. This information is provided to the directional coupler 1389 of the combination module 1380. Depending on the design of the modular module 1380, the directional coupler 1389 extracts some of the data and transmits the data over lines 1382 which may be cables, electrical traces on a circuit board, etc. Data from the control panel that is not tapped out by the combo trunk T-piece leaves via coax output port 1383.

Line 1382 is connected to bias T-circuit 1384 in combination module 1380 . Two twisted pair conductors (or other power carrying wires) 1385(1) and 1385(2) are also connected to the bias T-circuit 1384. Through these connections, the bias tee couples power and data to downconductor 1313, which may be a coaxial cable. As depicted, digital architecture elements or other communication/processing elements 1330 include and/or are connected to components for cellular communications (eg, the illustrated antennas) and cellular or CBRS processing logic 1335 . In some embodiments, processing logic 1335 may be 5G compatible. In certain embodiments, as depicted, digital fabric element or other communication/processing element 1330 provides a CANbus gateway that provides data and power to one or more CAN bus nodes, such as a window controller, which controls The associated optically controllable tint state of the window.

In certain embodiments, during construction of a building, modules such as modular module 1380 illustrated in Figure 13 may be installed freely throughout the building, including when they are not initially connected to digital architectural elements or Installed in some locations of other processing/communication modules. In such embodiments, after construction, combination relay T-pieces may be used to house digital processing devices based on the needs of the building and/or tenants or other occupants. digital architecture components

Figures 14, 15, and 16 present block diagrams of versions of digital architecture components, digital wall interfaces, or similar devices. For convenience, the following discussion will refer to digital architectural elements (DAEs). Figure 14 illustrates a DAE 1430, which can support multiple communication types, including, for example, Wi-Fi communication with its own antenna 1437. Alternatively or additionally, DAE 1430 may include or be coupled to cellular communications infrastructure, such as baseband radios, amplifiers, and antennas in the illustrated embodiment. Similarly, although not explicitly shown here, digital architecture element 1430 may support a Civilian Radio System (CBRS) using similar baseband radios. From a communications and data processing perspective, the digital architecture elements in this figure have the same general architecture as full-featured digital architecture elements. But it does not include sensors and may not include ancillary components such as displays, microphones and speakers.

In some embodiments, the digital architecture elements support modular sensor configurations that allow for individual upgrades and replacement of sensors via plug-and-play insertion in a backbone circuit board with a set of slots or sockets. device. In one embodiment, sensors used in digital fabric elements may be mounted orthogonally to the backbone in one of a number of slots/sockets that are standardized for maximum flexibility and functionality. In some embodiments, the sensors are modular and plug-and-play replaceable via removal and insertion through openings in the housing of the digital architecture component. Failed sensors can be replaced or functionality/capabilities can be modified as needed. In one embodiment where digital architecture elements are installed during the construction phase of a project/building, the use of plug-and-play sensors allows one or more of the sensors to be used when the project/building is ready for occupancy. Sensor custom digital architecture components. For example, during construction, sensors can be installed to track construction assets on site or monitor unsafe (OSHA+) noise or air quality levels, and/or night cameras can be installed to monitor areas not typically occupied by workers on site. Monitor movement on the construction site during occupancy. These or other sensors may be removed after construction, as needed or as needed, and during the occupancy phase or at a later stage when upgrades or sensors with new capabilities are required or become available. Quickly and easily replace or supplement these or other sensors.

Figure 15 illustrates a system 1500 of components that may be incorporated into or associated with a DAE. System 1500 may be configured to receive and transmit data wirelessly (eg, Wi-Fi communications, cellular communications, commercial band radio system communications, etc.) and to transmit data upstream and receive downstream data via, for example, coaxial downwires. In Figure 15, the elements of system 1500 are presented at a relatively high level. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 15 includes circuitry that provides functionality similar to that of combination module 1380 (described above in connection with Figure 13) at the trunk and downconductor interface, specifically, a module that includes bias T-circuit 1584. Group 1580 takes power and data from separate conductors (trunks) and places them on a single cable (downconductor 1513). Therefore, for downstream transmission, the coaxial down conductor can deliver both power and data on the same conductor to the MoCA interface 1590 of the digital architecture device.

As illustrated, system 1500 includes bias T-circuit 1584 coupled to MoCA interface 1590 via down lead 1513 . The MoCA interface 1590 is configured to convert downstream data signals provided in MoCA format over the coaxial cable (in this case, the down conductor) into data in a conventional format that can be used for processing. Similarly, MoCA interface 1590 can be configured to format upstream data for transmission over the coaxial cable (downconductor 1513). For example, packetized Ethernet data can be formatted by MoCA for transmission upstream over coaxial cable.

In the illustrated example, DC-DC power supply 1501 receives DC power from bias T-circuit 1584 and converts this relatively high voltage power into power suitable for powering the processing components and other components of digital architecture element 1430 Lower voltage electricity. In some implementations, power supply 1501 includes a buck converter. A power supply may have various outputs, each with a power or voltage level suitable for the component it powers. For example, one component may require 12 volt power, and a different component may require 3.3 volt power.

In some approaches, bias tee 1584, MoCA interface 1590, and power supply 1501 are provided in a module (or other combined unit) for multiple designs of digital architecture components or similar network devices. This module can provide data and power to one or more downstream data processing, communication and/or sensing devices within the digital architecture element. In the depicted embodiment, processing block 1503 provides for cellular (e.g., 5G) or other wireless communication functional processing logic. In certain embodiments, the antenna and associated transceiver logic are configured for wideband communications (eg, approximately 800 MHz to 5.8 GHz). Processing block 1503 may be implemented as one or more unique physical processors. Although the blocks are shown with the microcontroller and digital signal processor separate, the two may be combined in a single physical integrated circuit such as an ASIC.

Although the embodiment depicted in Figure 15 provides separate transmit and receive antennas, other embodiments use a single antenna for transmission and reception. Additionally, if the digital architecture component supports multiple wireless communication protocols, such as one or more cellular formats (e.g., 5G for Sprint, 5G for T mobile, 4G/LTE for ATT, etc.), then for each In one format, digital architecture components may include separate hardware such as antennas, amplifiers, and analog-to-digital converters. Additionally, if the digital architecture elements support non-cellular wireless communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi, commercial band radio systems, etc., then the digital architecture elements may require separate antennas and/or other hardware for each of these protocols . However, in some embodiments, a single power amplifier may be shared by antennas and/or other hardware for multiple wireless communication formats.

In the depicted embodiment, processing block 1503 may implement functionality associated with communications, such as baseband radios for cellular or civilian band radio communications. In some cases, a different physical processor is used for each supported wireless communication protocol. In some cases, a single physical processor is configured to implement multiple baseband radios, which optionally share some additional hardware such as power amplifiers and/or antennas. In such cases, different baseband radios can be defined in software or other configurable logic.

Figure 16 illustrates an example of a system 1600 of components that may be incorporated into or associated with digital architecture elements. As shown, system 1600 includes a bias tee circuit 1684 that can operate as described above (eg, similar to bias tee circuit 1584 in Figure 15). Data from the bias tee circuit 1684 is provided to a MoCA front-end module 1690 that incorporates at least a portion of the processing block 1640 (e.g., an on-chip coaxial network controller system such as one available from Carlsberg, Calif. Bard's MaxLinear, Inc. MxL3710) operates to provide high-speed data to one or more components of system 1600.

Power (eg, 24 V DC) from bias tee 1584 is provided to one or more voltage regulators in power supply 1601 , at least some of which may collectively provide power supply 1501 in FIG. 15 function and provide power to the various components of processing block 1640. As represented generally at block 1642, processing block 1640 may include general-purpose microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and integrated circuits, some or all of which may contain multiple cores or embedded circuits with various processing capabilities. processor. In some embodiments, processing block 1640 provides the functionality of processing block 1503 in FIG. 15 . As an example, processing block 1640 may provide CANbus functionality for one or more window controllers.

In the illustrated example, processing block 1640 includes a network switch 1643, which may be, for example, a five-port Ethernet switch such as the SJA1105 available from NXP Semiconductors of the Netherlands). Can decode MoCA-encoded data from the MoCA front-end to provide data in conventional Ethernet formats. This data can then be provided to a network switch, where the data can be distributed to the various data processing components of system 1600.

In embodiments, a modular electrical connector 1604, such as the illustrated RJ45 connector, may provide data for any purpose an occupant or building owner may have, such as user laptop or data center connection. . In one example, connector 1604 provides a connection for Gigabit Ethernet via twisted pair copper wire.

Block 1610 of FIG. 16 includes examples of additional components not illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 15 . In some embodiments, these components are provided together in a single chassis or housing or otherwise as a module. In other embodiments, these components are provided separately and each component can be integrated into the digital architecture element. As shown, block 1605 includes sensor module 1611, video module 1612, audio module 1613, and window controller components, including window controller logic 1614 and window controller power circuitry 1615. In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality of window controller 1614 may be implemented in processing block 1640, thereby minimizing or eliminating the need for separate logic elements such as window controller logic 1614.

In some embodiments, 5G infrastructure can replace both Wi-Fi and 4G via a single service agreement and associated infrastructure. For example, one or more 5G antennas and associated components in a built-up area can provide wireless communication functionality for all needs, effectively replacing the need for Wi-Fi. In some embodiments, the digital architecture elements use the Civilian Band Radio System (CBRS), which does not require separate licenses from the FCC or other regulatory agencies. Conclusion

In the description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the presented embodiments. The disclosed embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known procedural operations have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the disclosed embodiments. Although the disclosed embodiments are described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it should be understood that the specific embodiments are not intended to limit the disclosed embodiments.

100:System 101:Buildings 103: "Control Panel" (CP) 104: Main control and power module 105:External network 107:Cable wire 109: Data transmission line/controller network line/CAN bus 110:Network Controller (NC) 111: Window Controller (WC) 112:EC window 113: High bandwidth network cable/GbE UTP cable/down cable 115:Digital Wall Interface 117: Enhanced functional window controller 119:Coaxial line/coaxial cable 121:Digital vertical frame 122:Video display device 221:Digital vertical frame 225a: Communication network switch/CP2 network switch 225b: Communication network switch/CP3 switch 300:Configuration 309:Video display 311:port 313: Equalizer 317: Speaker 319:Microphone 321: Sensor 330:DAE 340: Computer or processor 441:Voltage regulator 442:CAN 443: Processing unit (microcontroller) 453:Microcontroller 454: Gigabit Ethernet interface 455:Wireless interface 456:MoCA interface 600:Method 610:Block 620:Analyze block 630:Block 640:Block 700:Digital Architecture Components 710:Power and communication modules 720: Audiovisual (A/V) module 730:Environment Module 740:Computing/Learning Module 750:Controller module 900a: High-speed network infrastructure 900b: Network infrastructure 901:Trunk 902:Trunk section 902(1):First section 902(2):Conductor 902(3):Conductor 902(i): Second section 903:Trunk circuit 905: RF connector 906:Connector 907:Connector 908:Connector 909: Directional coupler circuit 911:First Conductor 912:Second conductor 913: Lead down line 914:Device 920:Control Panel (CP) 940: Bias T-shaped circuit 941:Inductor 942:Capacitor 1002(1):Data carrying cables 1002(2):Conductor/Power Insertion Wire 1009: Directional coupler 1013: Downline 1020:Control Panel 1030:Digital architecture components 1040: Bias T-piece 1070:Power Injector 1090:Power section 1103:Relay T-piece 1109: Directional coupler 1111:First conductor 1111(i): Upstream section (entrance) 1111(o): Downstream section (exit) 1112:Second conductor 1113: Lead down line 1114:Device 1140: Bias T-shaped circuit/Bias T-shaped circuit system/Bias T-shaped component 1141:Inductive component 1142: Capacitive element 1150: Tap line/tap connector 1160: Bias T-shaped circuit 1161:Block 1200:Trunk 1210:External sheath 1220: Internal coaxial cable 1230: Large specification twisted pair cable 1240:CANbus shielded multi-conductor cable 1313:Leading line 1330: Digital architecture components or other communication/processing components 1335: Cellular or CBRS processing logic 1380: Combination module 1381: Coaxial cable input port 1382: line 1383: Coaxial cable output port 1384: Bias T-shaped circuit 1385(1):Twisted pair conductors 1385(2):Twisted pair conductors 1389: Directional coupler 1430:DAE/Digital Architecture Component 1437:antenna 1500:System 1501:DC-DC power supply 1503: Process block 1513:Leading line 1580:Module 1584: Bias T-shaped circuit 1590:MoCA interface 1600:System 1601:Power supply 1604:Modular electrical connector 1605:Block 1610:Block 1611: Sensor module 1612:Video module 1613: Audio module 1614:Window controller logic/window controller 1615: Window controller power circuit 1640: Processing block 1642:Block 1643:Network switch 1684: Bias T-shaped circuit 1690:MoCA front-end module

Figures 1A-1D illustrate various link technologies and topologies that may be used with the present disclosure.

Figure IE shows an example of a data communication system that can provide data for interaction with an optically switchable window and for non-window purposes.

Figures 2A and 2B illustrate a high-bandwidth communication network for a building according to some embodiments.

3 illustrates a block diagram showing examples of components that may be present in certain implementations of digital architecture elements.

Figure 4 illustrates a comparison between a block diagram of a conventional window controller and a block diagram of a window controller according to some embodiments.

5A to 5D illustrate several examples of applications and uses of digital architecture components and related components covered by the present disclosure.

Figure 6 illustrates a process flow for measuring a plurality of building conditions and controlling building operating parameters of a plurality of building systems in response to the measured building conditions, in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 7 illustrates an example of a series of functional modules configured to perform the program flow illustrated in Figure 6, according to an embodiment.

Figure 8 illustrates an example physical package of a digital architecture element in accordance with some embodiments.

Figures 9A-9C illustrate representations of trunks for high speed network infrastructure, according to some embodiments.

Figure 10 shows an example power and data distribution system including control panels, trunks, drop lines, and digital fabric components in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 11 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example of a trunk circuit.

Figure 12 depicts a cross-section of an example trunk configured to carry a combination of power and data from and/or carry data to the control panel.

Figure 13 shows an example of a portion of a data and power distribution system having a digital architecture element (DAE) coupled via down conductors to a modular module containing directional couplers and bias tee circuits.

Figure 14 illustrates a DAE that can support multiple communication types according to some embodiments.

Figure 15 illustrates a system of components that may be incorporated into or associated with a DAE, according to some embodiments.

Figure 16 illustrates an example of a system of components that may be incorporated into or associated with digital architecture elements in accordance with some embodiments.

103: "Control Panel" (CP)

105:External network

100:System

101:Buildings

Claims (21)

A system for high-bandwidth communications, the system includes: A plurality of control panels, each control panel of the plurality of control panels configured to control at least one downstream device, and each control panel includes: at least one controller; and a plurality of data ports, each of the plurality of data ports configured to support data transmission at a speed of at least 0.5 gigabits per second, and A high bandwidth data backbone operatively couples the plurality of control panels. The system of claim 1, further comprising a network switch, wherein the network switch is configured to couple with each data port to support the data transmission. The system of claim 1, wherein the high-bandwidth data backbone is configured to transmit data at a speed of at least 10 billion bits per second. The system of claim 1, wherein at least two control panels of the plurality of control panels are configured to control devices on different floors of a building. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one downstream device is a window controller configured to control at least one optically switchable device. The system of claim 1, wherein the high-bandwidth data backbone is communicatively coupled to a communication network outside a building in which the plurality of control panels are installed. The system of claim 1, wherein a control panel of the plurality of control panels is operably coupled to the at least one downstream device via a coaxial cable. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of data ports include at least one of the following: a Gb speed Ethernet port, a Power over Ethernet port, or any combination thereof. A system that includes: a control panel; a plurality of window controls operably coupled to the control panel; a plurality of optically switchable devices, each optically switchable device operatively coupled to a window controller of the plurality of window controllers; a trunk coupling the control panel to each window controller of the plurality of window controllers, wherein the trunk transmits data and power to each window controller; and A plurality of sensor systems, each sensor system including a plurality of sensors housed in a housing of the sensor system, and each sensor system being disposed on a device equipped with the plurality of optically switchable On a structural element of a building of the device, or on a frame component of an optically switchable device of the plurality of optically switchable devices. The system of claim 9, wherein each sensor system is removably mounted to a structural element of the building or to the frame assembly. The system of claim 9, wherein the trunk is configured to transmit sensor data from each of the plurality of sensor systems to the control panel. The system of claim 11, wherein the sensor data is used by a controller to determine modifications to one or more building operating parameters. The system of claim 12, wherein the modification of the one or more building parameters includes a modification of a hue state of at least one optical switchable device of the plurality of optical switchable devices. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is accommodated in the control panel. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is external to the building. The system of claim 9, wherein the system includes at least one additional control panel, wherein the at least one additional control panel is operably coupled to a second plurality of window controllers. The system of claim 16, wherein the control panel and the at least one additional control panel are placed on different floors of a building. The system of claim 16, wherein the control panel and the at least one additional control panel are communicatively coupled. The system of claim 9, wherein the control panel includes a network switch. The system of claim 9, wherein the control panel includes an Ethernet switch. The system of claim 9, wherein the control panel is configured to communicate with a communications network external to the building.

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