TW202007591A - Lightning protection system for ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a ship lightning protection system, comprising a remote communication and lightning stroke counter arranged in a ship cockpit and a cabin; the power supply equipment is arranged in the ship and is electrically connected with the plurality of communication/instrument equipment antennas and the communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment; the grounding isolation lightning arrester is arranged between the power supply equipment and a grounding system of the ship and is electrically connected with the remote communication and lightning stroke counter; the plurality of first lightning arresters are connected between each communication/instrument equipment antenna and the communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment; the plurality of second lightning arresters are connected to the power supply system and the remote communication and lightning stroke counter; each lightning arrester can absorb high-voltage lightning stroke energy directly struckor fed back from the sea, so that various devices in the ship are prevented from being damaged by lightning strokes.

Description

Ship lightning protection system

A ship lightning protection system, especially a protection system for preventing lightning damage to equipment in a ship.

Whether the ship is sailing in the vast sea or anchored in the harbor, it may be struck by lightning when the weather is not good, and the antennas and radars of communication/instrument and equipment on board are usually installed on the cabin to obtain better communication effect. The risk of lightning strikes for equipment is relatively higher. In order to save costs and load, ordinary ships may not have lightning protection measures. When thunderstorms are encountered, fishery communication equipment, instruments, equipment and personnel are easily injured by lightning strikes. Therefore, how to prevent lightning strikes has become an important issue for the safety of personnel and ships. .

Lightning rod is a kind of lightning protection measure commonly used on ships, which can introduce lightning energy into the sea and prevent lightning energy from entering the ship. However, if the lightning strikes a communication device or a part of the hull directly, the lightning energy will still be introduced into the ship and damage the main body or internal system of the ship; in addition, the lightning rod only directs the direct lightning energy to the sea, and the lightning energy is still During the process of introducing into the sea, the electronic power system may be damaged due to the line induction or the grounding system causing high voltage to enter the ship, causing damage to the ship.

In order to prevent the lightning strike energy from damaging the equipment in the ship in an instant, this creative department proposes a ship lightning protection system. Multiple lightning arresters are erected between the various equipment in the ship, and the lightning arrester and lightning counter are used to monitor each lightning arrester and each The equipment is affected by lightning strikes, with a view to reducing the damage caused by lightning strikes to various equipment, as well as the degree of immediate response to equipment damage.

To solve the above object, a ship lightning protection system of the present invention includes: a plurality of communication/instrument antennas, which are erected on the ship; a communication/instrument terminal receiving device, which is erected on the ship and communicates with each communication/instrument The equipment antenna is electrically connected; a remote signal and lightning strike counter, which is erected in the ship's cockpit and cabin; and a power supply device, which is erected in the ship and is connected to various communication/instrument equipment antennas and the communication/instrument terminal The equipment is electrically connected; a ground isolation lightning arrester is installed between the power supply equipment and one of the ship's grounding systems, and is electrically connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter, and transmits a grounded remote signal signal to the remote signal and lightning strike Counter; plural first lightning arresters are connected between each communication/instrument antenna and communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment, and transmit a first remote signal to the remote signal and lightning strike counter; plural second arresters are connected to the The power supply system and the remote signal and lightning strike counter transmit a second remote signal signal to the remote signal and lightning strike counter.

The invention utilizes the first plurality of lightning arresters, the second plurality of lightning arresters and the ground isolation lightning arrester to absorb most of the lightning strike energy, and only allow a small amount of lightning strike energy to enter the system or equipment in the ship, which can effectively prevent the ship's power system , The communication system and the instrument or equipment or the staff are injured by lightning strikes; meanwhile, the plurality of first lightning arresters, the plurality of second lightning arresters and the ground isolation lightning arrester can also prevent the high-voltage electricity from the sea feedback from entering the system or equipment in the ship, Make up for the deficiency that the lightning rod can only lead the lightning strike energy into the sea in one direction.

Referring to FIG. 1, a ship lightning protection system of the present invention is applied to communication/instrumentation equipment and electrical equipment in a ship. The ship lightning protection system includes: a plurality of communication/instrumentation antennas 10, a power supply device 20, and a communication/ The instrument terminal receiving equipment 30, a lightning strike counter 40, a plurality of first lightning arresters 50, a plurality of second lightning arresters 60, a ground isolation lightning arrester 70 and a lightning rod device 80.

Generally speaking, the internal structure of the ship can be divided into a top A, a cockpit B, a cabin C and a bottom D in order from top to bottom. The plural communication/instrument antenna 10 is erected on the ship’s On the roof A, and the complex communication/instrument antenna 10 may include a radar 11, a detector antenna 12, a global positioning system antenna 13, a communication instrument antenna 14, and a UHF/UHF communication unit Antenna 15.

The power supply device 20 can be erected in the cabin C and can be electrically connected to the plurality of switchboards 31. In a preferred embodiment, the power supply device 20 can be a diesel generator.

The communication/instrument terminal receiving device 30 and each communication/instrument device antenna 10 are electrically connected to the power supply device 20 through the plurality of distribution boards 31, respectively, and receive the power output from the power supply device 20, wherein the communication/instrument terminal receiving device 30 It can include a computer, a single sideband modulation module (Single Side Band, SSB), a UHF/UHF communication unit (VHF/UHF), a global positioning system (GPS), a side detector, a Gyrocompass, a communication/instrument antenna, etc. communication equipment; the communication/instrument terminal receiving device 30 may be installed in the cockpit B or the cabin C.

The remote signaling and lightning strike counter 40 is electrically connected to the communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment 30 to calculate the number of times of receiving lightning strikes, the magnitude of voltage and current, the time of occurrence, etc. of each equipment in the ship, and can be placed in the cabin C Or in the cockpit B, and includes a display panel 41.

The plurality of first lightning arresters 50 may be surge protection devices (SPD). Generally speaking, surge protection devices include gas discharge tube (GDT), transient voltage suppressor (Transient Voltage Suppression, TVS), and thyristor. Overvoltage protection components such as semiconductor discharge tubes such as Sidac and Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), varistor, and stone gap discharge tubes are the main components, or further combined with circuits or mechanisms to form a modular Lightning protection products. Surge protector is used to limit the voltage when a lightning strike occurs, and conduct the current to the ground, so as to limit the amplitude of the voltage to a voltage value that is not harmful to electrical equipment, electrical switching equipment, and control equipment.

The plurality of first lightning arresters 50 are respectively connected between each communication/instrument device antenna 10 and the communication/instrument terminal receiving device 30 in a wired or wireless manner to protect each communication/instrument terminal receiving device 30, wherein the The plural first lightning arresters 50 can be connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter 40 through a first signal transmission circuit. The first signal transmission circuit can be a wired transmission circuit or a wireless transmission circuit; in a preferred embodiment, the The plural first lightning arresters 50 are connected to the remote signaling and lightning strike counter 40 by way of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi; in this embodiment, each first lightning arrester 50 may specifically be a gas discharge tube, a semiconductor discharge tube, and a gap discharge Tube, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), a pressure-sensitive protection element or a switch-type protection element.

The plural second lightning arresters 60 are connected to the power supply device 20 and the remote signal and lightning strike counter 40, wherein the plural second lightning arresters 60 can be transmitted to the remote signal and lightning strike counter 40 through a second signal transmission circuit, and the second signal is transmitted The circuit may be a wired transmission circuit or a wireless transmission circuit, and the plurality of second lightning arresters 60 are erected on the power input/output end of the power supply device 20; wherein the other end of the second lightning arrester 60 extends into the ground; In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of second lightning arresters 60 are connected to the terminal receiving device 30 via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi; each second lightning arrester 60 is also a surge protector, which may specifically be a lightning protection module, a Varistor, a gas discharge tube, a semiconductor discharge tube, a gap discharge tube, a silicon controlled rectifier, a pressure-sensitive protection element or a switch-type protection element.

The ground isolation lightning arrester 70 is erected between the power supply equipment and one of the grounding systems of the ship, and is electrically connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter, and can transmit a ground in a wired or wireless manner after being equipped with a third transmission circuit The remote signal to the remote signal and lightning strike counter is used to protect the complex communication/instrument antenna 10, the power supply device 20, the communication from destroying the high-voltage high current that is induced or conducted by the sea through the ground system to feed into the ship. The instrument terminal receiving equipment 30, the remote signal and lightning strike counter 40; each ground isolation lightning arrester 70 is also a surge protector, which may specifically be a lightning protection module, a varistor, a gas discharge tube, a semiconductor discharge tube, a Gap discharge tube, a silicon controlled rectifier, a pressure-sensitive protection element or a switch-type protection element.

Generally speaking, the lightning arresters used in large power supply service systems such as power transmission and distribution systems, outdoor power systems and ship power supply systems or industrial buildings are mostly large modules, and devices with higher safety factors can handle higher lightning strikes. Energy, such as lightning arresters that can handle 3KA~200KA, can protect electrical equipment from direct lightning strikes. The waveform of the test current of such arresters is 10/350μs; and the communication equipment or the power system used for communication equipment is usually secondary-side power Or battery power, a lightning arrester with a smaller processing capacity can be used, the protection system mainly used for most low-electric equipment, such as the above lightning arrester that can handle 3KA~200KA, or modular or larger components, The processing capacity is about 3KA~30KA, and the device with a higher safety factor can also remove or absorb higher lightning strike energy. These types of lightning arresters are often installed on the primary side of the power distribution system to prevent overvoltage in electrical devices. And protect the load, the test current waveform of this type of arrester is 8/20μs;

When the ship is struck by lightning, if the lightning strike energy enters the ship from any of the plural communication/instrument antennas 10, then the plural first lightning arresters 50 can introduce most of the lightning strike energy to the ship's grounding system, only limited Lightning strike energy within a safe range enters the communication system; when the lightning strike energy is much greater than the ability of the plural first type arresters 50 to absorb, the plural first lightning arrester 50 conducts the lightning strike energy to the grounding system and thus turns into Permanently open circuit, so as to prevent the lightning energy from destroying the communication/instrument terminal receiving device 30, and then display the plurality of first lightning arresters 50 that have failed by the display panel 41 of the remote signaling and lightning strike counter 40 replace.

When the ship is struck by lightning, if the lightning energy enters the ship from the power supply device 20, then the voltage-suppressed second lightning arresters 60 can be used to absorb most of the lightning strike energy and convert the lightning strike energy value into heat energy Emitted into the air, a small part of the lightning energy flows into the power supply equipment 20; or the switch-type second lightning arrester 60 is used to introduce most of the lightning energy into the sea, so that only a small amount of lightning energy enters the power supply equipment 20 and the plurality of switchboards 31 to prevent the lightning energy from being too high to destroy the power supply device 20 or the plurality of switchboards 31; similarly, if the lightning strike energy far exceeds the absorption capacity of the second arrester 60, the lightning strike energy will turn on the second The switch or fuse inside the lightning arrester 60 opens the plurality of second lightning arresters 60 to prevent excessive lightning energy from entering the power supply device 20. After that, the display panel 41 of the remote signaling and lightning strike counter 40 displays that the plural second lightning arresters 60 that have failed are replaced by the user.

Furthermore, in order to avoid damage caused by the lightning energy introduced into the sea by the plurality of first surge arresters 50 and the plurality of second surge arresters 60 and entering the hull of the ship or various equipment in the ship again, damage is required at the bottom D of the ship The grounding system is equipped with the grounding isolation surge arrester 70 for ground isolation to prevent the feedback of the lightning strike energy introduced into the sea, or to prevent the lightning strike energy directly into the sea from entering the ship; similarly, if the lightning strike energy is too high, the ground is destroyed When the lightning arrester 70 is isolated, the display panel 41 indicates that the grounded insulated lightning arrester 70 that has failed is to be replaced by the user.

After receiving the lightning strike energy, each first lightning arrester 50, each second lightning arrester 60 and the ground isolation lightning arrester 70 can record the number of lightning strikes of the corresponding equipment and the state of each equipment after lightning strike, and use this data as a first remote The signal and a second remote signal are transmitted to the remote signal and lightning strike counter 40 to record the number of lightning strikes. If each first lightning arrester 50, each second lightning arrester 60 or ground isolation lightning arrester 70 is damaged, it can also pass through The first remote signaling signal and the second remote signaling signal notify the remote signaling and lightning strike counter 40, so that the user can instantly monitor each device, each first lightning arrester 50, and each second lightning arrester 60 on the remote signaling and lightning strike counter 40 And whether the ground-isolated lightning arrester 70 is affected by a lightning strike.

The present invention can further include a lightning rod device 80, which includes a needle body 81 and a lightning conductor 83, the needle body 81 is erected on the ship roof A, and one end of the lightning conductor 83 is connected to the needle body 81 The other end is connected to the grounding system of the ship and extends under the sea surface, which can direct the lightning strike energy directly hitting the needle body 81 into the sea, and the effect of preventing lightning strike is better.

The first lightning arresters 50 and the second lightning arresters 60 of the present invention can also be used in ship life support systems, fish collection lights and lighting equipment, increasing the scope of protection to make up for the shortcomings of the lightning rod device 80.

10‧‧‧Communication/Instrument and Equipment Antenna 11‧‧‧Radar 12‧‧‧Fang Detector Antenna 13‧‧‧Global Positioning System 14‧‧‧Communication Instrument Antenna 15‧‧‧UHF/UHF Communication Unit Antenna 20‧‧‧Power supply equipment 30‧‧‧Communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment 31‧‧‧Distribution board 40‧‧‧ Remote signal and lightning strike counter 41‧‧‧Display panel 50‧‧‧First lightning arrester 60‧‧‧Second Lightning arrester 70‧‧‧ Ground isolation lightning arrester 80‧‧‧ Lightning rod device 81‧‧‧Needle body 83‧‧‧ Lightning conductor A‧‧‧B top B‧‧‧Cockpit C‧‧‧Deck D‧‧‧Bottom

Figure 1: The circuit architecture of the ship lightning protection system of the present invention.

10‧‧‧Communication/Instrument antenna

11‧‧‧ Radar

12‧‧‧Fang detector antenna

13‧‧‧Global Positioning System

14‧‧‧Communication instrument antenna

15‧‧‧UHF/UHF communication unit antenna

20‧‧‧Power supply equipment

30‧‧‧Communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment

31‧‧‧ distribution board

40‧‧‧ Remote Letter and Lightning Strike Counter

41‧‧‧Display panel

50‧‧‧First arrester

60‧‧‧Second lightning arrester

70‧‧‧Ground isolation lightning arrester

80‧‧‧Lightning rod device

81‧‧‧ Needle

83‧‧‧Lightning conductor

A‧‧‧Ship top

B‧‧‧ Cockpit

C‧‧‧cabin

D‧‧‧Bottom

Claims (10)

A ship lightning protection system is applied to a ship. The ship lightning protection system includes: a plurality of communication/instrument equipment antennas, which are erected on the ship; a communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment, which is erected on the ship, and It is electrically connected to each communication/instrument antenna; a remote signal and lightning strike counter, which is erected on the ship; a power supply device, which is erected in the ship, and is connected to each communication/instrument antenna, the communication/instrument terminal The electrical connection of the receiving equipment; a grounding isolation arrester, which is erected between the power supply equipment and one of the ship's grounding systems, and is electrically connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter, and transmits a grounded remote signal signal to the remote signal and Lightning strike counter; plural first lightning arresters, connecting each communication/instrument antenna and communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment, and transmitting a first remote signal to the remote signal and lightning strike counter; plural second lightning arresters, electrical Connect the power supply system and the remote signal and lightning strike counter, and send a second remote signal signal to the remote signal and lightning strike counter. According to the ship's lightning protection system of claim 1, the remote signal and lightning strike counter is provided in a cabin or a cockpit of the ship, and includes a display panel, the remote signal and lightning strike counter receives the first remote signal , The second remote signal and the grounded remote signal are displayed on the display panel, wherein the first remote signal, the second remote signal and the grounded remote signal record the corresponding plurality of first lightning arresters , The number of times, voltage and current, the occurrence time of the plurality of second lightning arresters and the ground isolation lightning arrester and the damage information of the plurality of first lightning arresters, the plurality of second lightning arresters and the ground isolation lightning arrester. The ship lightning protection system according to claim 2, wherein: the plurality of first lightning arresters and a first transmission circuit are connected to the remote signaling and lightning strike counter in a wired or wireless manner; the plurality of second lightning arresters and a second transmission The circuit is connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter in a wired or wireless manner; the ground-isolated lightning arrester and a third transmission circuit are connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter in a wired or wireless manner. As described in claim 3, the first lightning arrester is a gas discharge tube, a semiconductor discharge tube, a gap discharge tube, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), and a pressure-sensitive protection element Or a switching protection element. As described in claim 4, the second lightning arrester is a lightning protection module, a varistor, a gas discharge tube, a semiconductor discharge tube, a gap discharge tube, and a silicon controlled rectifier , SCR), a pressure-sensitive protection element or a switch-type protection element. According to the lightning protection system of claim 5, each grounding isolation arrester is a lightning protection module, a varistor, a gas discharge tube, a semiconductor discharge tube, a gap discharge tube, and a silicon controlled rectifier , SCR), a pressure-sensitive protection element or a switch-type protection element. The ship lightning protection system as described in claim 6, the communication/instrumentation equipment is erected in the cockpit or the cabin of the ship, and the communication/instrumentation equipment includes a computer, a radar, and a single sideband modulation mod Group (Single Side Band, SSB), an UHF/UHF communication unit (VHF/UHF), a global positioning system (GPS), a sounder, a gyrocompass, and a communication/instrument antenna; the complex communication /Instrument and equipment antenna is erected on the top of the ship, and the complex communication/instrument and equipment antenna includes a radar, a probe antenna, a global positioning system antenna, a communication instrument antenna and a UHF/UHF Communication unit antenna. The lightning protection system for ships according to claim 7, wherein: the plurality of first lightning arresters are connected to the remote signaling and lightning strike counter by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi; the plurality of second lightning arresters are connected by Bluetooth or Wi-Fi To connect the remote signal and lightning strike counter; the ground isolation lightning arrester is connected to the remote signal and lightning strike counter by Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The ship lightning protection system as described in claim 8 further includes a lightning rod device. The lightning rod device includes a needle body and a lightning conductor. The needle system is erected on the top of the ship. One end of the lightning conductor is connected to the needle Body connection, the other end is connected to the grounding system. The lightning protection system for ships as described in claim 9 further includes a plurality of switchboards, which are electrically connected to the communication/instrument terminal receiving equipment, each communication/instrument equipment antenna, and the power supply equipment.

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