TW201941986A - Electric vehicle gearbox structure including a power output shaft, a high speed power input shaft, a unidirectional bearing, a low speed power input shaft, a drive motor, a clutch assembly, and an electromagnetic clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the structure of an electric vehicle gearbox. The main structure includes an output shaft provided with a low-speed output gear and a high-speed output gear, a high-speed input shaft provided with a high-speed input gear, and a one-way rotating member and low-speed input. The gear has a one-way bearing, a low-speed input shaft, a drive motor, a clutch assembly, and an electromagnetic clutch. With the above structure, the high-speed input shaft and the low-speed input shaft are coaxially but asynchronously connected to the drive motor to automatically switch between high and low gears through the clutch assembly, and the traditional engine brake is replaced with an electromagnetic clutch, which simplifies the overall structure and reduces the failure rate of the mechanism. , And simply use one-way bearings to eliminate the speed difference during gear shifting, to reduce the output current and save power.

Description

Structure of electric vehicle gearbox

The invention provides a structure of an electric vehicle gearbox, in particular to a structure of an electric vehicle gearbox that has a simple structure, a low failure rate, high torque, low power consumption, and can eliminate the difference in speed when the gears are automatically changed between high and low speeds.

According to the demand of the line, the number of vehicles is increasing, but the traditional vehicles use gasoline as fuel, which causes extremely serious and negative damage to energy consumption and air pollution; awakening based on environmental awareness and The requirements for environmental quality are increasing day by day. Therefore, government departments and environmental protection groups have paid much attention to electric vehicles that will not cause environmental harm.

The development of electric vehicles has more than a decade of history. Its power source is caused by battery-powered electric motors. The conventional electric vehicle system only uses a fixed reduction ratio transmission to output the power of the electric motor. The function of changing the number of gears, for various driving conditions, electric vehicles often cannot provide the appropriate driving force in a timely manner. For example, in the starting, climbing sections, and smooth sections after the road, there are different torque requirements, but only Depending on the battery to output different power to change the output power of the electric motor, it often causes the battery to exceed its load and reduce its service life.

Although non-electrically driven steam locomotives, there are already existing gearboxes that use different gear speed ratios of the input and output shafts and the linkage and switching between multiple gears to achieve different gear levels and different torque operations and outputs. Such a gearbox has a complicated structure, high cost, and is not suitable for integration in electric vehicles. In the process of automatically changing gears, there will be problems such as instantaneous stall and wasted power due to the difference in speed.

Therefore, how to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and shortcomings is where the applicants of the present invention and relevant manufacturers engaged in this industry are eager to study and improve.

Therefore, the applicant of the present invention, in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, collected relevant information, evaluated and considered from various parties, and based on years of experience accumulated in this industry, and continued trial and error to design such a simple structure and failure rate. The inventor of the structure of an electric vehicle gearbox with low torque, high torque, low power consumption, and the elimination of the difference in speed when the gears are automatically shifted up and down.

The main purpose of the present invention is to make the driving motor control the high-speed input shaft and the low-speed input shaft through the clutch assembly coaxially and asynchronously, so as to reduce the overall structural complexity.

Another main objective of the present invention is to simply use a one-way bearing to eliminate the speed difference during gear shifting, thereby reducing the output current and saving power.

In order to achieve the above object, the main structure of the present invention includes: an output shaft, the output shaft is provided with a low-speed output gear for driving the output shaft to rotate, and a low-speed output gear is located on one side of the low-speed output gear for driving the low-speed output gear to rotate A high-speed output gear, and a high-speed input shaft is provided on one side of the output shaft, and the high-speed input shaft is provided with a high-speed input gear for driving the high-speed output gear to rotate, and a unit including a unit that selectively rotates through a unidirectional rotating member A one-way bearing, and a low-speed input gear connected to the one-way rotating member is sleeved on the one-way bearing, which is used for driving the low-speed output gear to rotate, and a one-way bearing and a high-speed input shaft are provided for driving the A low-speed input shaft rotated by a one-way bearing. A drive motor at an end of the low-speed input shaft facing away from the high-speed input gear is provided at the end of the low-speed input shaft, and a clutch assembly is provided on the side of the drive motor to selectively drive the high-speed The input shaft rotates, and an adapter is provided on the driving motor, which drives the clutch assembly and the low-speed input synchronously through the driving motor. The operating shaft, and the force in the low speed shaft is provided an electromagnetic clutch, to suppress the rotational operation of the one-way bearing at the time of system power.

使用者 When the user uses the invention as a gearbox of an electric vehicle, when it is in a low speed gear, the low-speed input shaft is directly driven by the drive motor to rotate, and the low-speed input shaft rotates the one-way rotating member of the one-way bearing, thereby interlocking The low-speed input gear rotates. At this time, the low-speed output gear is driven by the low-speed input gear, so that the output shaft directly transmits the torque of the drive motor to output. When the driving speed is increased, the clutch assembly is automatically switched to the high speed position. At this time, the drive motor synchronously rotates the low speed input shaft and the high speed input shaft through the adapter, and the high speed input gear drives the high speed output gear to rotate. The high-speed output gear links the low-speed output gear to directly transmit the torque to the output shaft output. Although the linkage of the low-speed output gear will also rotate the low-speed input gear, the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear is greater than the gear ratio of the low-speed input gear, resulting in low speed. The speed of the input gear is higher than that of the high-speed output gear. The speed difference is generated between the force shafts, so the speed difference can be easily eliminated by sliding the unidirectional rotating member.

With the above technology, it is possible to break through the problems of the complicated structure, higher cost, high failure rate, large power consumption, and inability to solve the difference in speed of the conventional gearbox, and achieve the practical advancement of the above advantages.

1‧‧‧shell

2‧‧‧ output shaft

21‧‧‧low speed output gear

22‧‧‧High-speed output gear

3‧‧‧high speed input shaft

31‧‧‧High-speed input gear

4‧‧‧ one-way bearing

41‧‧‧ one-way rotating parts

42‧‧‧Low-speed input gear

43‧‧‧ positioning shaft

5‧‧‧ low speed input shaft

51‧‧‧Protective sheet

6‧‧‧Drive motor

61‧‧‧Adapter

7‧‧‧ Clutch Assembly

71‧‧‧ pressed parts

72‧‧‧ flywheel body

73‧‧‧ Transmission mechanism

8‧‧‧ electromagnetic clutch

81‧‧‧ magnetic base

82‧‧‧coil

83‧‧‧ Positioning piece

84‧‧‧ Friction

9‧‧‧control module

91‧‧‧speed detection element

a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7

The first figure is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The second figure is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The third figure is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the first figure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The fourth figure is a state diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The fifth figure is a schematic diagram of a low-speed gear linkage according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The sixth figure is a schematic diagram of the high-speed gear linkage of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The seventh figure is a schematic diagram of the engine braking linkage according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object and effect, the technical means and structure adopted by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Please refer to the first to fourth figures, which are the perspective view to the use state diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the present invention includes: a casing 1; a pivot disposed on the casing; A output shaft 2 on the body 1; a low-speed output gear 21 provided on the output shaft 2 for driving the output shaft 2 to rotate; a high-speed output provided on the output shaft 2 and located on the side of the low-speed output gear 21 Gear 22 is used to drive the low-speed output gear 21 to rotate; a high-speed input shaft 3 passing through the casing 1 and located on the side of the output shaft 2; a high-speed input gear 31 provided on the high-speed input shaft 3; A high-speed output gear 22 is driven to rotate; a one-way bearing 4 provided on one side of the high-speed input shaft 3 includes a one-way rotating member 41 for selectively driving the one-way bearing 4 to rotate; The one-way bearing 4 faces away from the positioning shaft body 43 on the side of the low-speed input gear 42 described below; a set of low-speed input gear 42 provided on the one-way bearing 4 and connected to the one-way rotating member 41 is used to drive the low-speed output gear 21 Rotate, and the gear ratio of the low-speed input gear 42 is smaller than the high-speed The gear ratio of the input gear 31, the gear ratio of the high-speed input gear 31 is smaller than the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear 21, and the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear 21 is smaller than the gear ratio of the high-speed output gear 22; Bearing 4, the high-speed input shaft 3, and the low-speed input shaft 5 of the housing 1 are used to drive the one-way bearing 4 to rotate; one is provided on the low-speed input shaft 5 and is located on the low-speed input gear 42 and the high-speed input gear A protective sheet 51 between 31; a drive motor 6 provided at the low-speed input shaft 5 end and located at the end of the high-speed input shaft 3 facing away from the high-speed input gear 31; a drive motor 6 provided in the housing 1 and located at the drive motor The clutch assembly 7 on the 6 side selectively drives the high-speed input shaft 3 to rotate. The clutch assembly 7 includes a pressing member 71, at least one flywheel body 72 connected to the following adapter 61, and at least one end respectively. A transmission mechanism 73 that opposes the pressing member 71 and the flywheel body 72 and is coupled to the high-speed input shaft 3 is selectively rotated synchronously with the flywheel body 72 by the pressing action of the pressing member 71; one is provided on the driving motor 6 On the adapter 61, through this drive The motor 6 synchronously drives the clutch assembly 7 and the low-speed input shaft 5 to operate; an electromagnetic clutch 8 provided on the low-speed input shaft 5 suppresses the rotation of the one-way bearing 4 when the power is applied, and the electromagnetic clutch 8 is The magnetic base 81 includes a magnetic base 81 fixed on the one-way bearing 4, a plurality of coils 82 provided on the magnetic base 81 and selectively driving the magnetic base 81, and a side of the magnetic base 81. A positioning member 83 fixed on the positioning shaft body 43 and at least one friction member 84 provided on the positioning member 83 and corresponding to the coils 82 are restrained from the magnetic base 81 when the coils 82 are energized. Rotation with the one-way bearing 4; and a control module 9 provided in an electric vehicle and electrically connected to the pressing member 71, for controlling the movement of the pressing member 71, and the control module 9 includes a The vehicle speed detecting element 91 releases the pressing action of the pressing member 71 when the speed of the electric vehicle is greater than a predetermined value.

With the above description, we can understand the structure of this technology, and according to the corresponding cooperation of this structure, we can achieve a simple structure, low failure rate, high torque, low power consumption, and eliminate the speed when the high and low speeds are automatically changed. Inferior advantages, and a detailed explanation will be described below.

Please also refer to the first to seventh figures together, which are the three-dimensional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention to the engine brake linkage schematic diagram. When the above components are assembled, it can be clearly seen from the figure that the present invention is overall In terms of appearance, it only has one input shaft and one output shaft 2, but in fact, the input shaft includes a low-speed input shaft 5 and a high-speed input shaft 3, and simply uses the drive motor 6, the adapter 61 and the clutch assembly 7, coaxial. However, the asynchronous low-speed input shaft 5 or the high-speed input shaft 3 are selectively driven asynchronously, thereby simplifying the overall structural complexity while maintaining the function of automatically switching between high and low grades, which is beneficial for technicians to combine the present invention with electric vehicles .

Please also refer to the fifth figure. In the low-speed running state of the electric vehicle, although the driving motor 6 acts on the low-speed input shaft 5 and the flywheel body 72 of the clutch assembly 7 through the adapter 61 at the same time, the low-speed running state Next, the transmission mechanism 73 is not combined with the high-speed input shaft 3, so the rotation of the drive motor 6 (such as the arrow a1) can only be linked with the low-speed input shaft 5 (such as the arrow a2), so that the high-speed input shaft 3 is relative to the low-speed input shaft 5 Idling on the formation. When the low-speed input shaft 5 rotates, the one-way bearing 4 is driven to rotate (as indicated by arrow a3), and because the low-speed input gear 42 is directly connected to the one-way bearing 4, the rotation of the one-way bearing 4 can synchronously drive the low-speed input gear 42 Rotate (as indicated by arrow a4). Finally, the low-speed input gear 42 drives the low-speed output gear 21 to rotate (as indicated by arrow a5), and then the output shaft 2 is rotated to output the torque of the drive motor 6.

Please refer to the sixth figure. When the present invention is gradually accelerating in a low-speed driving state, the speed detection element 91 detects the speed of the electric vehicle in real time, and when the speed is greater than a predetermined value (the predetermined value can be controlled by the control mode) Group 9 can be set, for example, can be set to 40km / hr), a shift control signal is generated to the control module 9, and the control module 9 controls the pressed part 71, so that the pressed part 71 releases the pressing action on the flywheel body 72 (such as (Marked arrow b1), at this time, the transmission mechanism 73 is in contact with the flywheel body 72 through the elastic force (such as the arrow b2), so that the torque of the drive motor 6 (such as the arrow b3) can be transmitted to the transmission mechanism 73 through the flywheel body 72 ( (Such as the arrow b4), and then act on the high-speed input shaft 3 (such as the arrow b5), and the rotation of the high-speed input shaft 3 also synchronously drives the high-speed input gear 31 to rotate (such as the arrow b6), so that the drive motor 6 can be directly linked The high-speed output gear 22 rotates (as indicated by arrow b7). Finally, the low-speed output gear 21 is driven by the high-speed output gear 22 and then the output shaft 2 is rotated to output the torque of the drive motor 6.

Among them, because the gear ratio of the low-speed input gear 42 is smaller than the gear ratio of the high-speed input gear 31, the gear ratio of the high-speed input gear 31 is smaller than the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear 21, and the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear 21 is smaller than the The gear ratio of the high-speed output gear 22, so even if the low-speed output gear 21 will simultaneously link the low-speed input gear 42 (such as the arrow b8), and because of the connection between the low-speed input gear 42 and the one-way bearing 4, and the effect of the protective sheet 51, Causes the one-way bearing 4 to rotate synchronously with the low-speed input gear 42 (such as the arrow b9), but the one-way rotating member 41 can only enter the force through low speed The shaft 5 drives the rotation (such as the arrow b10), and the direction of rotation is opposite to the low-speed input gear 42. Therefore, the one-way bearing 4 and the one-way rotating member 41 slide, thereby eliminating the speed difference during gear shifting. The relationship between the driving principle and the gear ratio can increase the output torque with the same power, or achieve the same output power with less power, thereby saving power.

Please also refer to the seventh figure. When the electric vehicle is reversing, braking, or using the engine brake, the coil 82 of the electromagnetic clutch 8 is energized. At this time, because the coil 82 is arranged on the magnetic base 81, the coil The magnetic force of 82 due to the current magnetic effect pushes the magnetic base 81 to move (such as the arrow c1), so that the friction member 84 abuts the side of the positioning member 83, and the positioning member 83 is fixed on the positioning shaft 43. Therefore, by the friction of the friction member 84, the magnetic base 81 no longer rotates synchronously with the one-way bearing 4. In other words, when the drive motor 6 rotates only by inertia (such as the arrow c2), the rotation of the low-speed input shaft 5 (such as the arrow c3), the one-way bearing 4 (such as the arrow c4), and the low-speed output gear 21 (such as the arrow c5), also maintains the current inertia speed rotation, but due to the role of the electromagnetic clutch 8 (such as the arrow c1), the one-way bearing 4 and the low-speed input gear 42 exhibit a relatively reverse rotation effect (such as the arrow c6, c7) To achieve the purpose of engine braking. Thereby, the complicated structure of the transmission is simply replaced by the electromagnetic clutch 8.

However, the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Therefore, all simple modifications and equivalent structural changes made by using the description and drawings of the present invention should be the same. It is included in the patent scope of the present invention and is incorporated by Chen Ming.

In summary, when the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox of the present invention is used, it can really achieve its efficacy and purpose. Therefore, the present invention is an invention with excellent practicability. In order to meet the application requirements of the invention patent, it is proposed according to law. I hope that the review committee will grant the present invention as soon as possible to protect the applicant's hard work. If there is any suspicion in the review committee of the Bureau, please write to us and the applicant will cooperate with all efforts and be honest.

Claims (9)

An electric vehicle gearbox structure mainly includes: an output shaft; a low-speed output gear provided on the output shaft for driving the output shaft to rotate; and one provided on the output shaft and located on one side of the low-speed output gear A high-speed output gear for driving the low-speed output gear to rotate; a high-speed input shaft provided on one side of the output shaft; a high-speed input gear provided on the high-speed input shaft for driving the high-speed output gear to rotate; A one-way bearing provided on one side of the high-speed input shaft includes a one-way rotating member for selectively driving the one-way bearing to rotate; a set of low-speed input gears provided on the one-way bearing and connected to the one-way rotating member Is for driving the low-speed output gear to rotate; a low-speed input shaft that passes through the one-way bearing and the high-speed input shaft is for driving the one-way bearing to rotate; one is located at the end of the low-speed input shaft and is located at the high-speed input A driving motor whose shaft faces away from the high-speed input gear; a clutch assembly provided on one side of the driving motor selectively drives the high-speed input shaft to rotate; a driving motor provided on the driving motor Access member, the synchronous drive system and the low speed clutch assembly input shaft through operation of the driving motor; and an electromagnetic clutch provided on the shaft of the low fitting force, suppress the rotation operation of the one-way bearing at the time of system power. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the clutch assembly includes a pressed part, at least one flywheel body connected to the adapter, and at least one end thereof is opposed to the pressed part and the The flywheel body and the transmission mechanism coupled to the high-speed input shaft are selectively rotated synchronously with the flywheel body by the pressing action of the pressed part. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox described in item 2 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the pressed part is electrically connected with a control module provided in an electric vehicle, which is used to control the action of the pressed part. The structure of the electric vehicle gearbox according to item 3 of the scope of patent application, wherein the control module The system includes a speed detecting element, and the pressing action of the pressing part is released when the speed of the electric vehicle is greater than a predetermined value. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the low-speed input shaft is provided with a protective sheet between the low-speed input gear and the high-speed input gear. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox described in the first item of the patent application scope, a positioning shaft is provided on a side of the one-way bearing facing away from the low-speed input gear. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox according to item 6 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the electromagnetic clutch comprises a magnetic base fixed on the one-way bearing, a plurality of magnetic bases are selectively arranged on the magnetic base, and the drive is selectively driven. A coil of a magnetic base, a positioning member provided on one side of the magnetic base and fixed on the positioning shaft body, and at least one friction member provided on the positioning member and corresponding to the coils are attached to the When these coils are energized, the magnetic base and the one-way bearing are prevented from rotating. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the gear ratio of the low-speed input gear is smaller than the gear ratio of the high-speed input gear, the gear ratio of the high-speed input gear is smaller than the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear, And the gear ratio of the low-speed output gear is smaller than the gear ratio of the high-speed output gear. According to the structure of the electric vehicle gearbox described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, it further includes an outer casing for receiving the clutch assembly, and the high-speed input shaft and the output shaft are pivotally arranged on the outer casing.