TW201900963A - Non-woven cellulosic fabric comprising fibers having a non-circular cross section - Google Patents

Abstract

A nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (102), in particular directly manufactured from lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the fabric (102) comprises a network of substantially endless fibers (108), and wherein at least 1% of the fibers (108) has a non-circular cross sectional shape having a roundness of not more than 90%.

Description

Non-woven cellulosic fabric comprising fibers having a non-circular cross section

This invention relates to nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics, methods of making nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics, devices, products or composites for making nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics, and methods of use.

Lyocell technology is about cellulose wood pulp or other cellulose-based raw materials in polar solvents (for example, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, which can also be called "oxidation" A highly shear-thinning solution that dissolves directly in the amine or "AO" to produce a viscous solution that can be converted into a range of useful cellulosic materials. Commercially, this technology is used to produce a range of cellulosic staple fibers (available under the trade name TENCEL® from Lenzing AG, Lenzing, Austria). Other cellulose products from lyocell technology have also been used. Cellulose staple fibers have long been used as components for conversion to nonwoven webs. However, the adjustment of the lyocell technology to directly produce non-woven webs will result in properties and properties not currently available in cellulosic mesh products. Although synthetic polymer technology cannot be directly applied to lyocell due to important technical differences, it can be considered a cellulose version of the meltblown and spunbond technology widely used in the synthetic fiber industry. A number of studies have been carried out to develop solutions from lyocell (especially WO 98/26122, WO 99/47733, WO 98/07911, US 6,197,230, WO 99/64649, WO 05/106085, EP 1 358 369, EP 2 013 390) A technique for directly forming a cellulose network. Further techniques are disclosed in WO 07/124521 A1 and WO 07/124522 A1.

It is an object of the present invention to provide cellulosic fabrics having adjustable mechanical stability. In order to achieve the above stated objectives, a nonwoven cellulosic fabric, a method of making a nonwoven cellulosic fabric, a device, product or composite for making a nonwoven cellulosic fabric, and Instructions. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, there is provided a (especially spray-sprayed) nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web (which is particularly straightforward (especially in an in situ process or in a continuously operated production line) In the continuous process performed) manufactured by lyocell spinning solution), and wherein at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness (especially along the longitudinal direction of the entire fiber) Extending or extending only along the longitudinal direction of a portion of the fiber). According to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method of making a (particularly spray-sprayed) nonwoven cellulosic fabric directly from a lyocell spinning solution, wherein the method comprises passing the lyocell spinning solution through an orifice ( It can be embodied as a part of its spinning nozzle or extrusion unit) which, after being extruded by means of a gas stream, enters into a cohesive fluid environment, in particular a dispersed coacervate environment, to form substantially endless fibers, collecting the fibers in The fiber is supported on the unit to form a fabric and the process parameters are adjusted such that at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness. According to a further exemplary embodiment, there is provided a device for the manufacture of a (especially spray-sprayed) nonwoven cellulosic fabric directly from a lyocell spinning solution, wherein the device comprises a spray nozzle having an orifice, the Arranged for extruding a lyocell spinning solution by means of a gas stream; a coalescing unit configured to provide a cohesive fluid environment for the extruded lyocell spinning solution to form a substantially endless fiber; a fiber support unit Having been configured to collect fibers to form a fabric; and a control unit (such as a processor configured to perform a code for fabricating a nonwoven cellulosic fabric directly from a lyocell spinning solution), It is configured to adjust process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness. According to still another embodiment, the nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric having the above properties is at least one of the group consisting of: a wipe; a filter; an absorbent hygiene product; a medical application product; Geotextiles; agricultural fabrics; clothing; products used in construction technology; automotive products; furnishing; industrial products; products related to beauty, leisure, sports or travel; and products related to schools or offices. According to yet another embodiment, a product or composite comprising a fabric having the above properties is provided. In the context of this application, the term "non-woven cellulosic fiber fabric" (which may also be referred to as a non-woven cellulose filament fabric) may specifically represent a fabric or web composed of a plurality of substantially endless fibers. The term "substantially endless fibers" particularly has the meaning of filament fibers which have a significantly longer length than conventional staple fibers. In alternative formulations, the term "substantially endless fibers" may particularly have the meaning of a web formed from filament fibers having a significantly smaller amount of fiber ends per volume than conventional short fibers (amount of fiber). Ends per volume). In particular, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the endless fibers of the fabric may have an amount of fiber ends per volume of less than 10,000 ends/cm ³ , particularly less than 5,000 ends/cm ³ . For example, when staple fibers are used as a substitute for cotton, they may have a length of 38 mm (corresponding to the generally natural length of cotton fibers). In contrast, the substantially endless fibers of the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web may have a length of at least 200 mm, especially at least 1000 mm. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the fact that even endless cellulosic fibers may be interrupted, which may be formed during the formation of the fibers, and/or after the formation of the fibers. As a result, the nonwoven cellulosic fabric made of substantially endless cellulosic fibers has a significantly lower number of fibers per mass than the nonwoven fabric made of the same denier staple fibers. . Nonwoven cellulosic fabrics can be made by spinning a plurality of fibers and by drawing and stretching the plurality of fibers toward a preferred mobile fiber support unit. Thus, a three-dimensional network or mesh of cellulosic fibers is formed to form a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric. The fabric can be made from cellulose as a main component (or only as a component). In the context of the present application, the term "Lysel spinning solution" may particularly denote a solvent (for example, a polar solution of a material such as N-methyl-morpholine N-oxide; NMMO; "amine oxide"; Or "AO"), in which cellulose (for example, wood pulp or other cellulosic materials) is dissolved. The lyocell spinning solution is a solution rather than a melt. Cellulosic filaments can be produced from a lyocell spinning solution by reducing the concentration of the solvent (e.g., by contacting the filaments with water). The process of producing cellulose fibers starting from a lyocell spinning solution can be described as coagulation. In the context of the present application, the term "airflow" may specifically mean when the lyocell spinning solution leaves the spinning nozzle (and/or after the lyocell spinning solution leaves the spinning nozzle, or the lyocell spinning solution has The exiting spout) is substantially parallel to the flow of gas (e.g., air) in the direction of movement of the cellulosic fibers or preforms thereof (i.e., the lyocell spinning solution). In the context of the present application, the term "condensed fluid" may particularly denote a non-solvent fluid (ie, a gas and/or a liquid, optionally including solid particles) having a dilution of the lyocell spinning solution, And the ability to exchange the solvent to some extent to form the cellulose fibers from the lyocell filaments. For example, such a cohesive fluid can be a water mist. In the context of the present application, the term "process parameters" may particularly denote all physical parameters, and/or chemical parameters, and/or device parameters of the materials used to make the nonwoven cellulosic fabric, and/or device components. It may affect the properties of the fibers and/or fabrics, in particular the fiber diameter and/or fiber diameter distribution. Such process parameters can be adjusted automatically by the control unit and/or manually adjusted by the user to tune or adjust the properties of the fibers of the nonwoven cellulosic fabric. Physical parameters that may affect the properties of the fibers (especially their diameter or diameter distribution) may be the temperature, pressure, and/or temperature of various media (such as lyocell spinning solution, coagulating fluid, gas stream, etc.) involved in the process. density. The chemical parameter can be the concentration, amount, pH of the medium involved (such as a lyocell spinning solution, a coagulating fluid, etc.). The device parameters may be the size and/or distance between the orifices, the distance between the orifices and the fiber support unit, the transport speed of the fiber support unit, the provision of one or more arbitrary in-situ processing units, gas flow, and the like. The term "fiber" may particularly denote an elongated piece comprising a cellulosic material, for example, a substantially circular, or irregularly formed, cross-section, optionally entangled with other fibers. The fibers may have an aspect ratio of greater than 10, especially greater than 100, and more specifically greater than 1000. The aspect ratio is the ratio between fiber length and fiber diameter. The fibers may be permeable by merging (to form a unitary multi-fiber structure) or by friction (so that the fibers remain separated, but weakly mechanically coupled by friction applied when the mutually moving fibers are in physical contact with each other) The interconnection forms a network. The fibers may have a substantially cylindrical shape, however they may be straight, curved, kinked, or curved. The fibers can be composed of a single homogeneous material (ie, cellulose). However, the fibers may also contain one or more additives. Liquid materials such as water or oil can accumulate between the fibers. In the context of this document, "a nozzle having an orifice" (which may be, for example, referred to as "arrangement of orifices") may be of any configuration including a configuration of orifices arranged linearly. In the context of the present application, the term "roundness" may specifically mean the ratio between the inscribed circle of the fiber section and the circumscribed circle, that is, just enough to fit inside the section of the fiber, and the section shape surrounding the fiber. The largest and smallest dimensions of the circle. To determine the roundness, a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the fibers extend can be intersected with the fibers. Therefore, the roundness can be expressed as the degree of measuring the circle of the true circularity of the cross-sectional shape of each fiber close to 100%. For example, the cross section of each fiber may have an oval (especially elliptic) shape, or may have a polygonal shape. Generally, the trajectory defining the outer boundary of the fiber section can be any closed plane line that exhibits a deviation from the circle. The cross-section of each fiber may be completely circular or may have one or more sharp edges. According to an exemplary embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric having substantial endless fibers and exhibiting significant deviation from the overall cylindrical shape is provided. From a mechanical point of view, this also results in the preferred direction of bending of the fibers in the presence of mechanical loads as defined by the design of the fiber cross-section. For example, in which the fiber has an elliptical cross-sectional shape having two major axes (i.e., a long axis and a short axis) having different lengths, the bending will be mainly performed with the short axis as a bending line in the case of applying a force. Therefore, the bending properties of such fiber fabrics are no longer statistical and unpredictable, and conversely, the clear sequence of nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics is increased. Thus, the clear mechanical properties of the fabric can be adjusted in a simple manner by simply affecting the cross-sectional geometry of the individual fibers. It is also possible to adjust the laydown behavior or network behavior of the fibers by adjusting the deviation of some or substantially all of the fibers from the perfect circularity. Further, when the non-cylindrical fibers are arranged in an ordered or partially ordered manner, a non-woven cellulose fiber fabric having anisotropic mechanical properties can be produced.

Hereinafter, additional exemplary embodiments of nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics, methods of making nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics, devices, products or composites for making nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabrics, and methods of use are described. In an embodiment, at least 3%, in particular at least 5%, more particularly at least 10% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness. Even more specifically, it is possible that at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, or at least 80% of the fibers have no more than 90%, no more than 80%, no more than 70%, no more than 60%, no A non-circular cross-sectional shape of greater than 50%, or no more than 30% roundness. The higher the amount of fiber deviating from the circular cross-sectional shape, the higher the deviation of the manufactured fiber fabric from the isotropic mechanical behavior, and the more remarkable the adjustability of the mechanical properties of the fabric. In an embodiment, at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, or at least 80% of the fibers have no more than 80%, in particular no more than 70%, more particularly no more than 50 The non-circular cross-sectional shape of % roundness. Even more specifically, it is possible that at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 60%, no more than 50%, no more than 40%, or no more than 10% roundness. The higher the amount of fiber deviating from at least a portion of the circular cross-sectional shape, the higher the deviation of the manufactured fiber fabric from the isotropic mechanical behavior, and the more remarkable the adjustability of the mechanical properties of the fabric. For example, by adjusting the number and/or shape of the orifices, the percentage of fibers having a non-circular cross-sectional shape having a corresponding roundness value can be adjusted, through which the lyocell spinning solution is shot, the lyocell spinning The silk solution forms fibers after agglomeration. Additionally or alternatively, the non-circular shape having the corresponding true roundness value can be adjusted, for example by adjusting the number of filaments of the lyocell spinning solution which is subjected to mechanical impact for changing the cross-sectional shape prior to coagulation. The percentage of fiber in the cross-sectional shape. In the embodiment, on the basis of the non-woven standard WSP90.3, the smoothness and specific hand feeling of the fabric were measured at 2 mNm by "Handle-O-Meter". ² /g and 70mNm ² The range between /g. By varying the process parameters of the manufacturing process, the smoothness can thus be varied over a wide range. When designing fibers having a non-circular cross section or a non-cylindrical geometry, sufficient and unambiguous stability of the fabric may have been ensured. The smoothness of the surface (even very high smoothness) can then be freely adjusted without the stability of the fabric being compromised. Based on the non-woven standard WSP90.3, the smoothness of the fabric mentioned can be measured using a "fabric hand tester" (commercially available from Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., Philadelphia, PA). To determine the smoothness of the fabric, the pivot arm of the "Fabric Hand Tester" was lowered and a sample of the fabric (eg, having a square dimension of 10 cm x 10 cm) was pressed into the adjustable parallel slit. The force required to press the sample into the slit is measured. During this procedure, bending and friction are applied to the sample. The measured average value in the CD direction and the MD direction corresponds to the average force required to press the sample through the slit. Average force (for example expressed in mN) and the basis weight of the fabric (for example in g/m ² The ratio between the expressed) gives the smoothness value (measured as a specific hand) to mNm ² /g indicates that it represents the smoothness of the fabric material. In an embodiment, the fibers have a copper content of less than 5 ppm and/or have a nickel content of less than 2 ppm. The ppm values mentioned in this application are all about mass (rather than volume). In addition, heavy metal contamination of fibers or fabrics may not exceed 10 ppm for individual chemical elements. Due to the use of lyocell spinning solution as the basis for the formation of endless fiber-based fabrics (especially when referring to solvents such as N-methyl-morpholine N-oxide; NMMO), the fabric has heavy metals such as copper or nickel ( The contamination that may cause an allergic reaction to the user may remain very small. Due to the concept of directly merging fibers under certain conditions that can be adjusted by process control, no additional materials (such as glue or the like) need to be introduced in the process for interconnecting the fibers. This makes the contamination of the fabric very low. In an embodiment, at least a portion (particularly at least 10%, more particularly at least 20%) of the fibers are integrally combined at the merged location. In the context of this application, the term "merging" may specifically denote the integral interconnection of different fibers at each of the combined locations, which results in the formation of an integrally joined fibrous structure comprised of previously separated fibrous preforms. Combining can be expressed as establishing a fiber-fiber bond during the agglomeration of one, some, or all of the combined fibers. The interconnected fibers can be strongly bonded to one another at each of the merged locations without the need for different additional materials (e.g., separate adhesives) to form a common structure. Separating the combined fibers may require breaking the fiber network or its components. According to the described embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric is provided in which some or all of the fibers are integrally joined to each other by merging. The merging can be triggered by corresponding control of the process parameters of the method of making the nonwoven cellulosic fabric. Specifically, the agglomeration of the filaments can be triggered (or at least completed) after the first contact between the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution that is not yet in the solid state of the precipitate. Thus, the interaction between these filaments (when they are still in solution phase, and then or later by coagulation to convert them to a solid phase) allows for proper adjustment of the coalescence characteristics. Consolidation is a powerful parameter that can be used to fine tune the properties of the fabric being manufactured. Specifically, the greater the mechanical stability of the network, the higher the density of the merged locations. It is also possible to adjust areas of high mechanical stability and other areas of low mechanical stability by uneven distribution of the combined positions on the fabric volume. For example, separating the fabric into individual components can be precisely defined locally in a mechanically weak region with a small number of merged locations. In a preferred embodiment, the incorporation of fibers can be triggered by direct contact of the different fiber preforms in direct contact with each other prior to agglomeration in the form of a lyocell spinning solution. By this coacervation process, a single material of the fiber is coprecipitated to form a merged position. In an embodiment, the merged or merged locations are comprised of the same material as the combined fibers. Thus, the combined position can be formed by the cellulosic material produced directly by the agglomeration of the lyocell spinning solution. This not only makes it possible to provide a fiber joining material alone (such as an adhesive or a binder), but also keeps the fabric clean and made of a single material. The formation of fibers having a non-circular cross section and the formation of fibers by combining interconnects can be accomplished by a single common process. The reason for this is the formation of merged positions between fibers (such as merged or merged lines) and the formation of fibers with a deviation from the perfect circular diameter section, both of which can be used in the lyocell spinning solution before the agglomeration is completed. Mechanical force is applied to the filaments to achieve. However, the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution may be mechanically affected while still in the liquid phase. Descriptively, on the one hand, applying mechanical pressure to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution which is still liquid or viscous (usually present in the presence of a honey-like consistency) promotes the formation of cylindrical filaments (eg ovals (especially Elliptical)) Non-circular cross-sectional shape to reduce roundness. At the same time, the application of such mechanical pressure on the filaments which are still liquid or viscous lyocell spinning solutions and physical contact with each other triggers the formation of a merged position between the fibers upon agglomeration. In an embodiment, the different ones of the fibers are at least partially located in different layers that are distinguishable (i.e., exhibit visible separation or interface regions between the layers). For example, different mechanical properties at the interface between the layers and between the layers can be adjusted by individual adjustments in the true roundness values of the fibers of the layers. More specifically, the fibers of the different layers are integrally joined at at least one merged location between the layers. Thus, different ones of the fibers that are at least partially located in different distinguishable layers (which may or may not be identical with respect to one or more parameters, such as consolidation factors, fiber thickness, etc.) may be integrally joined at at least one merged location . For example, two (or more) different layers of fabric can be formed by continuously aligning two (or more) nozzles having orifices through which the lyocell spinning solution is extruded for use in Coagulation and fiber formation. When such a configuration is combined with a mobile fiber support unit, such as a conveyor belt having a fiber receiving surface, the first layer of fibers is formed on the fiber support unit by the first spray nozzle, and when the mobile fiber support unit reaches the first The second spray nozzle forms a second layer of fibers on the first layer when the nozzles are in position. The process parameters of this method can be adjusted such that merge points are formed between the first layer and the second layer. In particular, the second layer of fibers being formed has not been fully cured or solidified by coacervation, and may, for example, still have a solid state that is still in the liquid lyocell solution phase and is not yet fully cured. The outer skin or surface area. When such pre-fiber structures are in contact with each other and then fully solidified into a solid fiber state, this causes two merged fibers to be formed at the interface between the different layers. The greater the number of merged locations, the higher the interconnect stability between the fabric layers. Therefore, the control combination allows control of the rigidity of the connection between the fabric layers. For example, the consolidation can be controlled by adjusting the degree of cure or agglomeration before the pre-fibrous structure of each layer reaches the fiber support plate on the underlayer or pre-fibrous structure. Unwanted separation of the layers can be prevented by combining the fibers of the different layers at the interface therebetween. In the absence of a merge point between the layers, it is possible to peel one layer of fiber from the other. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the degree of adhesion between the fibers and/or between the layers can be gradually adjusted between "uncombined fibers or layers" and "fully combined fibers or layers." As a result, partial adhesion, particularly between different layers, can be controlled and adjusted to functionalize the fabric based on the product from which the fabric is made. For example, such (especially multilayer) fabrics can be used to make a package that provides a slight adhesion that allows the packaged product to be properly handled through its weak adhering members. To determine the aforementioned combination factor of the fabric (which may also be expressed as an area combining factor), the following assay procedure can be performed: a square sample of the fabric can be optically analyzed. A circle is drawn around each merged position of the fibers that intersect at least one diagonal of the square sample, the circle having a diameter that must remain entirely inside the square sample. The size of the circle is determined such that the circle encompasses the merged area between the merged fibers. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the diameters of the determined circles. The consolidation factor is calculated as the ratio between the average diameter value of the square sample and the diagonal length, and can be expressed as a percentage. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the fibers are twisted. The twisting of fibers is a more powerful tool for designing fiber networks. For example, twisted fibers can have higher mechanical stability than fully straight fibers. Likewise, the formation of twisted fiber groups (e.g., twisted combined fibers) can significantly improve the mechanical stability of the fabric in a similar manner because the twisted filaments have significantly higher mechanical properties than the corresponding number of single filaments. stability. For example, the twisted fibers can be made by rotating or rotating the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution during the stretching phase (i.e., prior to coagulation or precipitation). In particular, the application of vorticity, i.e., prior to agglomeration, the perturbation around the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution can be used to form twisted fibers. In an embodiment, the fibers are anisotropically aligned within the fabric to substantially define at least one preferential alignment direction, with a larger portion of the fibers being aligned along the at least one preferentially aligned direction than the other directions. In such an embodiment, the set of fibers or all of the fibers of the fabric may be adjusted in fiber shape to deviate from the circular cross-section such that when the fibers are deposited on the fiber support unit, they are substantially or preferably along one or The plurality of major directions are aligned because their preferred bending axes are determined by the deviation of the individual fiber fillets. By taking such measures, a certain degree of order can be introduced into the fabric which results in non-isotripic properties of the fabric being manufactured. In an embodiment, adjusting the process parameters includes applying a force to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution prior to completion of the agglomeration. Descriptively, when a compressive force is applied to a viscous and thus flowable filament of a lyocell spinning solution prior to conversion to a solid phase, the filament can be deformed, for example, from a cylindrical cross-sectional shape, for example Oval (especially elliptical) cross-sectional shape. The fiber deformation force can be applied in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the fiber or fiber portion in the analysis. When the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution are agglomerated while being in this deformed shape, fibers having a roundness of less than 1 are obtained. In an embodiment, the force is applied by directing a forming fluid (which may be a liquid and/or a gas) to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution prior to completion of the agglomeration. Such a forming fluid may be a forming gas such as air or a forming liquid such as water. When a forming gas is used, a precisely defined mechanical force is applied to the filaments that have not been agglomerated without causing agglomeration. When a forming liquid is used, the precisely defined mechanical force is also suitable for filaments which have not yet agglomerated, while at the same time triggering agglomeration by diluting the lyocell spinning solution with a (particularly aqueous) liquid. In such an embodiment, the deformation and agglomeration can be performed simultaneously. In an embodiment, the pressure increase referred to by the gas or liquid (i.e., fluid) flow can be configured such that each fluid stream is antiparallel at a location with the fibers being formed interposed therebetween. As a result, a local asymmetric pressure increase occurs, which affects the fiber. At the same time, this phenomenon does not further affect the process of making fibers. In an embodiment, at least some of the apertures are non-circular, in particular oval (especially elliptical) or polygonal. Preferably, the openings in the spray plate of the fiber-forming unit defining the orifices may have substantially the same roundness as the fibers consisting of the precipitated lyocell spinning solution ejected through the individual orifices ( Especially the shape of no more than 90%). In one embodiment, the first portion of the aperture has a circular opening and the second portion of the aperture has a non-circular opening. Therefore, the shape design of the orifice also allows to some extent to define the shape of the fiber produced. In an embodiment, the adjustments are used to adjust the combined process parameters, including forming at least a partial merged position after the lyocell spinning solution has exited the orifice and before the lyocell spinning solution reaches the fiber support unit. When moving down, this can be achieved, for example, by triggering the interaction between the strands of the lyocell spinning solution through different orifices by extrusion. For example, the gas flow can be adjusted in terms of strength and direction such that different strands or filaments of the spinning solution (not yet fully agglomerated) are forced to interact with each other in the transverse direction before reaching the fiber support unit. The gas flow can also be operated near or in a turbulent state to promote interaction between the various preforms of the fibers. Thus, prior to agglomeration, the individual preforms of the fibers can contact each other to form a merged location. In an embodiment, adjusting the process parameters for adjusting the combination includes forming at least a partial merged position after the lyocell spinning solution triggers at least a portion of fiber agglomeration upon deposition onto the fiber support unit to the fiber support unit . In such an embodiment, the coacervation procedure can be intentionally delayed (which can be adjusted by the corresponding operation of the agglomeration unit, particularly by adjusting the properties of the coalescing fluid and the supply location accordingly). More specifically, the coacervation procedure can be delayed until the spinning solution has reached the fiber support plate. In such an embodiment, the preform of the fiber is still deposited on the fiber support plate prior to coagulation, thereby again contacting the other preforms of the fiber prior to coagulation. It is thus possible to force the spinning solutions of the different strands or preforms to flow into contact with each other and thereafter only to trigger or complete the agglomeration. Therefore, agglomeration after initial contact between different fiber preforms that are still in a non-agglomerated state is an effective measure for forming a merged position. In an embodiment, adjusting the process parameters for adjusting the combination includes continuously configuring a plurality of spray nozzles having orifices along the movable fiber support unit, depositing a first layer of fibers on the fiber support unit, and between the layers A second layer of fibers is deposited on the first layer before at least a portion of the fibers at the interface have been agglomerated. For each layer to be formed, the process parameters for operating the respective spray nozzles can be adjusted to achieve layer-specific agglomeration behavior. The layer-specific agglomeration behavior of the different layers can be adjusted such that a merged location is formed within the respective layers and preferably between adjacent layers. More specifically, process control can be adjusted by promoting agglomeration of the two layers only after initial contact between the spinning solutions associated with the different layers to form a merged position between the two adjacent layers. In an embodiment, the method further comprises further processing the fibers and/or fabric after collection on the fiber support unit, but preferably still forming the nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric having the endless fibers in situ. Such an in-situ process can be such that the process is performed prior to the manufacture (especially substantially endless) of the fabric being stored (eg, rolled up by a winder) for transport to a product manufacturing destination. For example, such further processing can involve hydroentanglement. The water entanglement can be expressed as a bonding process of a wet or dry web, and the resulting bonded fabric is a non-woven fabric. Water entanglement can use a fine high pressure water jet that penetrates the web, impacts the fiber support unit (especially the conveyor belt) and bounces, causing the fibers to become entangled. The corresponding compression of the fabric allows the fabric to be more compact and mechanically more stable. In addition to or in addition to hydroentangling, the fibers may be steam treated with pressurized steam. Additionally or alternatively, such further processing or post processing may involve needle punching the fabric being manufactured. The needle stick system can be used to bond fibers of fabric or mesh. As the needle passes through the web, some of the fibers can be forced through the web and the fibers are left as the needle is withdrawn to produce the needle-punched fabric. If sufficient fibers are properly displaced, the web can be converted into a fabric by the consolidation effect of these fiber plungers. Yet another further processing or post-treatment of the web or fabric is an impregnation treatment. Impregnating the network of endless fibers can involve applying one or more chemicals (e.g., softeners, hydrophobic agents, antistatic agents, etc.) to the fabric. Yet another further processing is calendering. Calendering can be expressed as a processing process for treating the fabric, and a calender can be used to smooth, coat, and/or compress the fabric. The nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may also be combined with one or more other materials (e.g., in situ or in a subsequent process) to form a composite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Exemplary materials that can be combined with the fabric used to form such a composite can be selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, the following materials or combinations thereof: fluff pulp, fiber suspension, wet-laid nonwoven, Airlaid non-woven fabrics, spunbonded webs, meltblown webs, carded spunlaced webs, or needled webs, or other sheet-like structures made of various materials. In embodiments, the joining between different materials may be by, but not limited to, one or a combination of the following processes: combining, hydroentangling, needling, hydrogen bonding, thermal bonding, bonding through a binder, Fit, and/or calender. In the following, an illustrative advantageous product comprising or using a non-woven cellulosic fiber fabric according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is summarized: a mesh (100% cellulosic fibrous web, or for example comprising two or more fibers or by two or more a network of multiple fibers, or chemically modified fibers, or with incorporated materials such as antimicrobial materials, ion exchange materials, activated carbon, nanoparticles, lotions, pharmaceutical or flame retardants, or bicomponent fibers. The particular use of the fibers can be as follows: Non-woven cellulosic fabrics according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be used to make wipes, such as baby wipes, kitchen wipes, wipes, make-up wipes, sanitary wipes Towels, medical wipes, cleaning wipes, polishing wipes (for cars, furniture), dust wipes, industrial wipes, duster wipes, mop wipes. Non-woven cellulosic fabrics in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention may also be used to make filters. For example, such filters may be air filters, HVAC, air conditioning filters, flue gas filters, liquid filters, coffee filters, tea bags, coffee bags, food filters, water purification filters, blood filters, Cigarette filter, cabin filter, oil filter, cartridge filter, vacuum filter, vacuum cleaner filter bag, dust filter, hydraulic filter, kitchen filter, fan filter, moisture exchange filter, pollen filter, HEVAC/HEPA/ULPA filters, beer filters, milk filters, liquid coolant filters, and juice filters. In yet another embodiment, a non-woven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make an absorbent hygiene product. Examples thereof are a collecting layer, a coverstock for health care, an absorbent covering, a distribution layer, a sanitary pad, a facing material, a back sheet, a leg cuff, a rinsable product, a pad, a care pad, a disposable pant, Training pants, face masks, cosmetic masks, make-up pads, towels, diapers, and laundry dryer papers for releasing active ingredients such as textile softeners. In yet another embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make a medical application product. For example, such medical application products can be disposable hats, robes, masks and shoe covers, wound care products, aseptic packaging products, breathable fabric products for health care, dressing materials, one-way garments, dialysis products, nose strips, dental plates Adhesives, disposable underpants, drapes, wraps and wraps, sponges, dressings and wipes, bed fabrics, transdermal drug delivery, shrouds, nursing pads, procedure packs, heating packs, pouch liners, Fixed patch, and incubator pad. In yet another embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make a geotextile. This may involve crop production protection coverings, felting, water purification, irrigation control, asphalt covering, soil stabilization, drainage, sedimentation and erosion control, pond liners, impregnation, drainage liners, ground stabilization, pit lining, Seed blankets, weed control fabrics, greenhouse shades, root bags, and biodegradable plant pots. Non-woven cellulosic fiber fabrics can also be used in vegetable foils (e.g., to provide photoprotection and/or mechanical protection to plants, and/or to provide feces or seeds to plants or soil). In another embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make a garment. For example, linings, garment insulation and protection, handbag components, shoe components, padded, industrial hats/shoes, disposable overalls, clothing and shoe bags, and thermal insulation can be made on the basis of such fabrics. In yet another embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make a product for use in construction technology. For example, such fabrics can be used to make roofing and tile cushions, underslating, insulation and sound insulation, house wrap, gypsum board finishes, pipe cladding, concrete molding layers, foundations And ground stabilization, vertical drainage systems, paving covers, roofing felts, noise reduction, reinforcements, sealing materials, and damping materials (mechanical). In yet another embodiment, the nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make automotive products. Examples are cabin filters, boot pads, racks, heat shields, shelf trims, molded cover liners, shoe covers, oil filters, ceiling liners, rear shelves, upholstery fabrics, airbags, Silencer pads, insulation, car covers, underpadding, car mats, tapes, backings and tufted carpets, seat covers, door trims, needled carpets, and car carpet backings. Another field of application for fabrics made in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention is home furnishings, such as furniture, construction, arm and back insulation, mat thickening, dust covers, cushions, stitching reinforcements, edge trim materials, Bed frame structure, bedding backing, spring cladding, mattress mat assembly, mattress cover, curtain, wall covering, carpet backing, lampshade, mattress assembly, spring insulator, seal, pillow crepe, and bed Pad flower. In yet another embodiment, a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be used to make an industrial product. This can involve electronics, floppy disk gaskets, cable insulation, abrasives, insulating tapes, conveyor belts, noise absorbing layers, air conditioners, battery separators, acid systems, non-slip felt decontamination machines, food cladding, tape, sausage casings. , cheese casings, artificial leather, booms and socks, and paper felts. Non-woven cellulosic fabrics in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention are also suitable for use in the manufacture of products related to leisure and travel. Examples of such applications are sleeping bags, tents, luggage, handbags, shopping bags, aviation headrests, CD cases, pillow cases, and sandwich packages. Yet another field of application of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention pertains to school and office products. For example, mention should be made of book covers, mailing envelopes, maps, signs and pennants, towels, and flags. The inset in the drawings is schematic. In the different figures, similar or identical elements or features are provided with the same reference numerals. 1 illustrates a device 100 for fabricating a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 formed directly from a lyocell spinning solution 104, in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. The lyocell spinning solution 104 is at least partially agglomerated by a coalescing fluid 106 to be converted to partially formed cellulosic fibers 108. By the apparatus 100, a lyocell solution spray spinning method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be performed. In the context of the present application, the term "Lysel solution spinning" may specifically encompass a method of obtaining discrete lengths of substantially endless filaments or fibers 108, or obtaining discrete lengths of endless filaments and fibers. . As further described below, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, nozzles each having an orifice 126 through which a cellulose solution or lyocell spinning solution 104 is passed along with a gas stream or gas flow 146 are provided. Sprayed for use in the manufacture of nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the wood pulp 110, other cellulose-based raw materials, and the like can be supplied to the storage tank 114 via the metering unit 113. Water from the water container 112 is also supplied to the reservoir 114 via the metering unit 113. Thus, metering unit 113 may define the relative amount of water and wood pulp 110 to be supplied to storage tank 114 under the control of control unit 140, described in further detail below. The solvent (such as N-methyl-morpholine N-oxide; NMMO) contained in the solvent container 116 can be concentrated in the concentration unit 118, and then in the mixing unit 119 with water and wood pulp 110, or other cellulose. The mixture of materials of the system is mixed in a determinable relative amount. The mixing unit 119 can also be controlled by the control unit 140. Therefore, the water-wood pulp 110 medium is dissolved in the concentrated solvent of the dissolution unit 120 in an adjustable relative amount, thereby obtaining the lyocell spinning solution 104. The aqueous lyocell spinning solution 104 may be a honey viscous medium composed of cellulose (for example, 5 mass% to 15 mass%) containing wood pulp 110 and a solvent (for example, 85% by mass to 95% by mass). The lyocell spinning solution 104 is sent to a fiber forming unit 124 (which may be implemented as or may include a plurality of spinning bundles or spray nozzles 122). For example, the number of orifices 126 of the spray nozzle 122 can be greater than 50, particularly greater than 100. In one embodiment, all of the apertures 126 of the fiber forming unit 124 (which may include a plurality of spouts or spray nozzles 122) may have the same size and/or shape. Alternatively, the size and/or shape of the apertures 126 of the different apertures 126 of one spray nozzle 122 and/or different spray nozzles 122 (which may be continuously configured for forming a multilayer fabric) may be different. When the lyocell spinning solution 104 passes through the orifice 126 of the spray nozzle 122, it is divided into a plurality of parallel lyocell spinning solutions 104 strands. The vertically oriented gas flow (i.e., oriented substantially parallel to the spinning direction) forces the lyocell spinning solution 104 to be converted into increasingly longer and thinner strands, under the control of the control unit 140 Change process conditions to adjust stocks. The gas stream can accelerate the lyocell spinning solution 104 along at least a portion of its path from the orifice 126 to the fiber support unit 132. The long and thin strands of the lyocell spinning solution 104 interact with the non-solvent agglomerating fluid 106 as the lyocell spinning solution 104 moves through the spray nozzle 122 and further down. The coalescing fluid 106 is advantageously implemented as a vapor mist, such as a water mist. The process-related properties of the coalescing fluid 106 are controlled by one or more coalescing units 128 to provide tunable properties to the coalescing fluid 106. The agglomeration unit 128 is sequentially controlled by the control unit 140. Preferably, each agglomeration unit 128 is disposed between each nozzle or orifice 126 for individually adjusting the properties of the layers of fabric 102 being produced. Preferably, each spray nozzle 122 can have two configured agglomeration units 128, one on each side. The individual spray nozzles 122 can thus be provided with individual portions of the lyocell spinning solution 104, which can also be tailored to different controllable properties of the fabric 102 having different layers. When interacting with the coalescing fluid 106 (e.g., water), the solvent concentration of the lyocell spinning solution 104 is reduced such that the agglomerated fluid cellulose, such as wood pulp 110 (or other material), at least partially coalesces into long and thin Cellulose fibers 108 (which may still contain residual solvent and water). During or after the initial formation of the individual cellulose fibers 108 from the extruded lyocell spinning solution 104, the cellulose fibers 108 are deposited on the fiber support unit 132, which is here embodied as having a planar fiber receiving surface. conveyor. Cellulose fibers 108 form a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 (shown only schematically in Figure 1). The nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 is comprised of continuous and substantially endless filaments or fibers 108. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the solvent of the lyocell spinning solution 104 which is agglomerated by the agglomeration unit 128 and washed in the washing unit 180 can be at least partially recovered. When transported along the fiber support unit 132, the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 can be washed by the washing unit 180 that supplies the washing liquid to remove residual solvent, which can then be dried. The further processing can be further processed by any further advantageous processing unit 134. For example, such further processing can involve hydroentanglement, needle sticking, impregnation, steam treatment with pressurized steam, calendering, and the like. The fiber support unit 132 can also transport the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 to the coiler 136, which can be collected onto the coiler 136 as a substantially endless sheet. The nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 can then be shipped as a roll-good to an entity that produces a product based on the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102, such as a wipe or textile. As shown in FIG. 1, the process can be controlled by a control unit 140, such as a processor, a portion of a processor, or a plurality of processors. Control unit 140 is configured for controlling the operation of the various units shown in FIG. 1, particularly one or more metering units 113, mixing unit 119, fiber forming unit 124, agglomeration unit(s) 128, further processing unit 134 The dissolution unit 120, the washing unit 180, and the like. Thus, control unit 140 can accurately and flexibly define process parameters (eg, by executing computer executable code, and/or by executing user-defined control commands), and manufacturing non-woven cellulose based on the process parameters Fiber fabric 102. The design parameters in this context are the gas flow along the orifice 126, the nature of the coalescing fluid 106, the drive speed of the fiber support unit 132, the composition of the lyocell spinning solution 104, temperature and/or pressure, and the like. Additional design parameters (the parameters are adjustable for adjusting the properties of the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102) are the number of orifices 126, and/or mutual distance, and/or geometric configuration, the lyocell spinning solution. The chemical composition and concentration of 104. Therefore, the properties of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can be appropriately adjusted as described below. Such adjustable properties (see detailed description below) may relate to one or more of the following properties: diameter and/or diameter distribution of fibers 108, combined amounts and/or regions between fibers 108, purity levels of fibers 108, The properties of the multilayer fabric 102, the optical properties of the fabric 102, the fluid retention and/or fluid release properties of the fabric 102, the mechanical stability of the fabric 102, the smoothness of the surface of the fabric 102, the cross-sectional shape of the fibers 108, and the like. Although not shown, each of the spinning nozzles 122 may include a polymer solution inlet through which the lyocell spinning solution 104 is supplied to the spray nozzle 122. Gas stream 146 can be applied to lyocell spinning solution 104 via an air inlet. Starting from the interaction chamber inside the spray nozzle 122 and defined by the spray nozzle housing, the lyocell spinning solution 104 is moved or accelerated downward through each orifice 126 (the lyocell spinning solution 104 is pulled down by the gas stream 146) And laterally shrinking under the influence of gas stream 146 such that as the lyocell spinning solution 104 moves down with the gas stream 146 in the environment of the cohesive fluid 106, a continuously thinned cellulose filament or cellulose is formed. Fiber 108. Thus, the process involved in the method of manufacture described with reference to FIG. 1 can include shaping a lyocell spinning solution 104 (which can also be represented as a cellulose solution) to form a liquid strand or potential filament, the liquid strand or potential length The filaments are stretched by the gas stream 146 and are significantly reduced in diameter and increased in length. Prior to or during formation of the web on the fiber support unit 132, it may also involve partially agglomerating the potential filaments or fibers 108 (or preforms thereof) by the coalescing fluid 106. The filaments or fibers 108 are formed into a web fabric 102, washed, dried, and further processed as needed (see further processing unit 134). For example, filaments or fibers 108 can be collected, for example, on a rotating drum or belt, thereby forming a web. Due to the described manufacturing process, particularly the choice of solvent used, the fibers 108 have a copper content of less than 5 ppm and/or a nickel content of less than 2 ppm. This advantageously increases the purity of the fabric 102. The lyocell solution spunlace (i.e., non-woven cellulosic fabric 102) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention preferably exhibits one or more of the following properties: (i) The dry weight of the web is 5 to 300 g. /m2, preferably 10-80 g/m2 (ii) according to standard WSP 120.6 or DIN 29073 (especially in the latest version valid on the priority date of this patent application), the thickness of the mesh is 0.05 to 10.0 mm, Preferably, 0.1 to 2.5 mm (iii) according to EN 29073-3 or ISO 9073-3 (especially in the latest version valid on the priority date of the present patent application), the MD has a specific intensity range of 0.1 to 3.0 Nm 2 . /g, preferably 0.4 to 2.3 Nm2/g (iv) according to EN29073-3 or ISO9073-3, respectively (especially in the latest version valid on the priority date of this patent application), the average stretch range of the net is 0.5 to 100%, preferably 4 to 50% (v) mesh MD/CD intensity ratio of 1 to 12 (vi) according to DIN 53814 (especially in the latest version valid on the priority date of this patent application) The water retention of the net is from 1 to 250%, preferably from 30 to 150% (vii) according to DIN 53923 (especially the latest version valid on the priority date of this patent application) The water retention capacity of the net is 90 to 2000%, preferably 400 to 1100% (viii) according to the decomposition standard EN 15587-2 and the ICP-MS standard EN 17294-2, the copper content is specifically determined to be lower than A metal residual level of 5 ppm and a nickel content of less than 2 ppm. Most preferably, the lyocell solution sprayed web exhibits all of the properties (i) to (viii) mentioned above. As noted, the process for producing the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 preferably comprises the following: (a) comprising a cellulose solution dissolved in NMMO through the orifice 126 of at least one of the spray nozzles 122 (see reference). Symbol 104) is extruded to form filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104. (b) The filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 are drawn (c) by a gas stream (see reference numeral 146). The filaments are contacted with a vapor mist (see reference numeral 106), preferably containing water, to at least partially precipitate the fibers 108. Thus, prior to forming the web or nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102, the filaments or fibers 108 are at least partially precipitated (d) to collect and precipitate the filaments or fibers 108 to form a web or nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102. (e) removing the solvent in the washing line (see washing unit 180) (f) arbitrarily joining by hydroentanglement, needle sticking or the like (see further processing unit 134) (g) drying and winding. The components of the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 can be bonded by combining, intertwining, hydrogen bonding, physical bonding (such as hydroentanglement or needle sticking), and/or chemical bonding. For further processing, the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 may be combined with one or more layers of the same and/or other materials, such as (not shown) synthetic polymer layers, cellulosic fluff pulp, cellulose or synthetic polymers. Nonwoven webs of fibers, bicomponent fibers, cellulose pulp webs (such as airlaid or wet laid pulp), high strength webs or fabrics, hydrophobic materials, high performance fibers (such as heat resistant materials or flame retardant materials) a layer that imparts altered mechanical properties to a final product (such as a layer of polypropylene or polyester), a biodegradable material (eg, a film from a polylactic acid, a fiber, or a mesh), and/or a high bulk material. Several distinguishable layers of nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 may also be combined, see for example Figure 7. The nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 can consist essentially of only cellulose. Alternatively, the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 can comprise a mixture of cellulose and one or more other fibrous materials. Additionally, the nonwoven cellulosic fiber web 102 can comprise a bicomponent fiber material. The fibrous material in the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 can comprise, at least in part, a modifying material. The modifying substance may be selected from the group consisting of, for example, a polymer resin, an inorganic resin, an inorganic pigment, an antibacterial product, a nanoparticle, a lotion, a flame retardant product, an absorption improving additive such as a superabsorbent resin. ), ion exchange resins, carbon compounds (such as activated carbon, graphite, conductive carbon), X-ray contrast materials, luminescent pigments, and dyes. Finally, the cellulosic nonwoven web or nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 made directly from the lyocell spinning solution 104 provides an opportunity to achieve value-added web properties that are not possible via the short fiber path. This includes the opportunity to form a uniform lightweight web, manufacture microfiber products, and fabricate continuous filaments or fibers 108 that form a web. Furthermore, several manufacturing processes are no longer required compared to short fiber webs. Further, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is biodegradable and is manufactured from a continuously sourced raw material (i.e., wood pulp 110, etc.). In addition, it has advantages in terms of purity and absorption. In addition, it has adjustable mechanical strength, stiffness, and softness. Further, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured to have a low weight per unit area (for example, 10 to 30 g/m 2 ). Very fine filaments having a diameter as small as (or not more than) 5 μm, in particular not more than 3 μm, can be produced by this technique. Further, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be formed by the aesthetics of various nets, for example, in a flat crispy film-like manner, with paper-like paper. Like), or in a soft flexible textile-like manner. The stiffness and mechanical rigidity, or flexibility and softness of the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 can be more precisely adjusted by adjusting the process parameters of the process. This can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the number of merged locations, the number of layers, or by post-processing such as needle sticking, hydroentangling, and/or calendering. Particularly possible to manufacture as low as 10g/m ² Or a lower basis weight of the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 to obtain filaments or fibers 108 having a very small diameter (e.g., as low as 3 to 5 [mu]m or less). 2, 3 and 4 show experimental captured images of a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the merging of individual fibers 108 is accomplished by corresponding process control. The oval marks in Figures 2 through 4 show such merged regions in which the plurality of fibers 108 are integrally connected to one another. At this merge point, two or more fibers 108 can be interconnected to form a unitary structure. Figures 5 and 6 show experimental captured images of the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 (where the swelling of the fibers 108 have been completed) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 5 shows the fibrous web 102 in a dry, non-swellable state, While Figure 6 shows the fibrous web 102 in a wet, swollen state. The hole diameters can be measured in the two states of Figs. 5 and 6, and can be compared with each other. When the average of 30 measurements was calculated, the hole size was reduced to 47% of its original diameter by the swelling of the fiber 108 in the aqueous medium. Figure 7 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein two of the fibers 108 are completed by a corresponding process design (i.e., a continuous configuration of a plurality of spinning nozzles). The formation of stacked layers 200, 202. In Figure 7, two separate but connected layers 200, 202 are indicated by horizontal lines. For example, the n-layer fabric 102 (n ≥ 2) can be manufactured by continuously arranging n spun nozzles or spray nozzles 122 in the machine direction. Specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below: Figure 8 shows a schematic drawing that will be used to explain the clarification of the fibers 108 when adjusting the roundness of the cross-section of the fibers 108 to deviate from the circular cross-section. bending. To explain the phenomenon, the fiber 108 is shown in Fig. 8 in a state of a straight forceless force (top) and a state in which the fiber 108 is subjected to bending (bottom). When the fiber 108 has a perfect cylindrical cross section, even a very small bending force may cause the fiber 108 to bend along an unpredictable bending axis. Therefore, in practical applications, it is impossible to predict or determine the direction, and the bundle of fibers 108 having a perfectly cylindrical cross section will undergo bending in this direction. However, when the roundness of the fiber 108 deviates significantly from a value (i.e., the cross-section of the fiber 108 deviates from a true circle, such as an oval shape (especially an elliptical shape), thereby defining a preferred bending axis, along the The shaft can be bent in a simpler manner (or with a smaller force) than in its vertical direction. For example, a smaller force having a shorter short axis as a curved line may bend the fiber 108 having an oval-elliptical cross section as compared to a longer major axis as the curved line. Applying the phenomenon to the fiber design of the fabric 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, designing the fibers 108 of such a fabric 102 having a circular cross-section allows for a predictable definition of the preferred bending axis of the fibers 108. When the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 are deposited on the fiber support unit 132 to form the fibers 108 by agglomeration, they will be accommodated along the fibers of the fiber support unit 132 in a predictable and not only statistical manner. The surfaces are arranged in a certain order. Thus, by defining the cross-section of the fiber 108 to deviate from the circular symmetry geometry, the mechanical properties of the fabric 102 can be precisely defined. Thus, predictability can be introduced into the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 due to the significant non-circular roundness definition of the fibers 108. Finally, the deviation of at least some of the fibers 108 from the cylindrical geometry of the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is adjusted by corresponding adjustments in the manufacturing process, allowing for precise definition of the mechanical properties of the fabric 102, particularly It is allowed to obtain the fabric 102 having high mechanical strength. Figure 9 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention, depicting fibers 108 having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle. Preferably, along at least a portion of the length of the fibers 108, at least 10% of the fibers 108 have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 50% roundness. Due to this strong deviation of the significant subset of fibers 108 from the cylindrical geometry, a degree of regularity can be defined in the fabric 102. This allows fine tuning of the mechanical properties of the fabric 102 obtained. Based on the non-woven standard WSP90.3, the smoothness of the fabric 102 measured by the "fabric feel tester" can be 2mNm. ² /g and 70mNm ² The wide range between /g is freely adjustable because the desired mechanical strength can be precisely defined by the non-circular roundness design of at least some of the fibers 108. Due to the manufacturing process described above with reference to fabric 102 of Figure 1, fiber 108 has only a very small copper content of less than 5 ppm and/or has a very small nickel content of less than 2 ppm. Thus, fabric 102 having very small heavy metal contaminants can be made, ensuring biocompatibility of fabric 102 and preventing allergic reactions when fabric 102 is in physical contact with human skin. Figure 10 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fibers 108 having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle are partially twisted. In the embodiment of Figure 10, some of the fibers 108 are twisted. Thus, the fibers 108 extend along at least a portion of their longitudinal direction to form a slightly helical structure. This fiber twisting imparts mechanical strength to the resulting nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 while allowing some elastic adjustment of the fabric 100. In particular, the combination of fibers 108 having a true roundness offset from one, twisted, and merged with one another at merged location 204 provides a degree of flexibility to fabric 102. 11 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, consisting of three stacked layers 202, 200, 200 having different diameters of fibers 108. According to Figure 11, the intermediate interlayer 200 has a significantly smaller diameter of the fibers 108 than the two outer layers 200, 202 above and below. The multilayer fabric 102 shown in Figure 11 is particularly suitable for applications such as medical applications, agricultural textiles, and the like. For example, the active material can be stored in the inner layer 200, which exhibits a high capillary action. The outer layers 200, 202 can be designed based on stiffness and surface feel. This is advantageous for cleaning and medical applications. For agricultural applications, the fiber layer design can be specifically configured depending on the nature of the evaporation and/or the penetration of the roots. In another application, the multilayer fabric 102 shown in Figure 11 can be used as a mask, wherein the intermediate layer 200 can have a particularly significant fluid retention capability. The cover layers 200, 202 can be configured for adjusting fluid release properties. The diameter of the fibers 108 of each layer 200, 200, 202 can be used as a design parameter for adjusting these functions. Thus, the fibers 108 shown in Figure 11 are located in three different distinguishable layers 200, 202. The fibers 108 of the different layers 200, 202 are integrally merged at the merged location 204 between the layers 200, 202. Further, at least some of the fibers 108 are provided with a non-circular cross section having a true roundness of no more than 90%, which provides a degree of order in the layers 200, 202 and strengthens the fabric 102. Figure 12 shows how the value of the true circularity of a fiber 108 having a section offset from a circular cross section is calculated as the ratio between the inscribed circle 280 of the section of the fiber 108 and the radius of the circumscribed circle 282, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. . The minimum circumscribed circle 282 is defined as the smallest circle that encompasses the entire true roundness profile of the section of the fiber 108 depicted in FIG. The maximum inscribed circle 280 is defined as the largest circle of the entire true roundness profile of the section of the fiber 108 depicted in FIG. In the context of the present application, the roundness can be defined as the ratio between the radius r of the inscribed circle 280 divided by the radius R of the outer surface 282. The roundness can be expressed by the resulting percentage value. In the present example, the roundness of R≈2r and fiber 108 is thus about 0.5 or 50%. For comparison, the cylindrical fiber 108 satisfies the condition R = r and has a roundness of 1 or 100%. Figure 13 illustrates a portion of an apparatus 100 for making a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 that is composed of two stacked layers 200 of endless cellulosic fibers 108, in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. And 202 are composed. In view of the movable fiber receiving surface of the conveyorized fiber support unit 132, the upstream spray nozzle 122 on the left hand side of Figure 13 produces a layer 202 of fibers 108. The layer 200 of the other fibers 108 is produced by the downstream spray nozzle 122 (on the right hand side of Figure 13) and attached to the upper major surface of the previously formed layer 202, thereby obtaining the double layers 200, 202 of the fabric 102. According to FIG. 13, control unit 140 (control spray nozzle 122 and agglomeration unit 128) is configured for adjusting process parameters such that at least a portion of fibers 108 are integrally merged at merged locations 204 between layers 200, 202. Although not shown in FIG. 13, the fibers 108 may be further processed after being collected onto the fiber support unit 132, such as by water entanglement, needle sticking, and/or impregnation. Referring again to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, one or more additional nozzle bars or spray nozzles 122 may be provided and may be continuously disposed along the direction of transport of the fiber support unit 132. A plurality of spray nozzles 122 can be configured such that an additional layer 200 of fibers 108 can be deposited on top of the previously formed layer 202 (preferably before the agglomeration or curing process of the fibers 108 of layer 202 and/or layer 200 is fully completed) , which triggers the merge. This may have an advantageous effect on the properties of the multilayer fabric 102 when the process parameters are properly adjusted: The intended combination between the fibers 108 of the fabric 102 according to Figure 13 may be triggered to further increase the mechanical stability of the fabric 102. In this context, the combination may be adhesion of the contact points of the filaments contacting the fibers 108, particularly prior to completion of the coacervation process of the one or two fibers 108. For example, the merging can be facilitated by increasing the contact pressure between the two filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 to be combined by a fluid stream (e.g., a gas stream or a stream of water). By taking such measures, on the one hand the adhesion between the different filaments or fibers 108 of one of the layers 200, 202 can be increased, and/or on the other hand the adhesion between the layers 200, 202 can be increased. According to apparatus 100 of FIG. 13 (which is configured for use in fabricating multilayer fabric 102), a number of process parameters are implemented that can be used to adjust the combination factor, design fiber 108, and shape and/or diameter of fiber layers 200, 202, or Diameter distribution. This is the result of a continuous configuration of the plurality of spray nozzles 122, each of which can be operated with individually adjustable process parameters. When the apertures 126 of the plurality of spray nozzles 122 are formed differently and in a non-circular manner, a fabric 102 having fibers 108 that are offset from the cross section may also be formed. Such fibers 108 may be oval, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, having sharp and/or rounded edges, and the like. For the device 100 according to Fig. 13, a fabric 102 consisting of at least two layers 200, 202 (preferably more than two layers) can be produced in particular. By the distinct layer separation of the multilayer fabric 102, the multilayer fabric 102 can later be divided into different individual layers 200, 202 or different multilayer portions. In-layer adhesion of the fibers 108 of the layers 200, 202 and interlayer adhesion of the fibers 108 between adjacent layers 200, 202 (eg, by merging and/or by friction), in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention Adjust appropriately and separately. When the process parameters are adjusted such that when the layer 200 of fibers 108 is placed on top of it, the agglomeration or solidification of the fibers 108 of the other layer 202 has been completed, and corresponding individual control for each individual layer 200, 202 can be specifically obtained. For example, adjusting the process parameters for adjusting the merge according to FIG. 13 includes continuously configuring a plurality of spray nozzles 122 having apertures 126 along the movable fiber support unit 132 to deposit a first layer 202 of fibers 108 on the fiber support unit 132. The second layer 200 of fibers 108 is deposited on the first layer 202 before all of the fibers 108 have completed agglomeration at the interface between the layers 200, 202. Thus, the different fibers 108 of the fabric 102 can be located in different distinguishable layers 200, 202, however they can be combined by forming merge locations 204. In other words, the fibers 108 of the different layers 200, 202 can be integrally merged at one or more merge locations 204 between the layers 200, 202. Figure 14 illustrates components of an apparatus 100 for fabricating a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the process is controlled by the control unit 140 to trigger a deviation from roundness. The formation of the merged position between the rounded fibers 108 (by applying a lateral force to the fibers 108 during agglomeration). More specifically, the spinning solution warping unit 270 is disposed in the apparatus 100 that is configured to apply a deforming force to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 prior to completion of the agglomeration. This deformation force causes the filaments to change from a circular cross section to a non-circular cross section. As can be seen from detail 274, a portion of the fabric 102 is shown prior to completion of agglomeration of the fibers 108, and the solution deformation force is applied by directing the forming fluid stream 272 to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 prior to completion of the agglomeration. The forming fluid 272 can be a gas stream and/or a liquid stream that is directed from the spinning solution warping unit 270 to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 before the fibers 108 are deposited therefrom. The pressure exerted by the forming fluid 272 on the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 causes the filaments to change from, for example, a circular cross-sectional shape to an elliptical or flat shape, as shown in detail 274. When the pressure applied to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 by the forming fluid 272 is maintained until coagulation or precipitation is complete, the fibers 108 will automatically form a corresponding shape having a non-circular cross section. When the forming fluid 272 comprises or consists of water, the application of the forming pressure can be synergistically combined with the agglomerated precipitation of the fibers 108 from the lyocell spinning solution 104, at least in part by the subsequent aqueous forming fluid 272. trigger. Figure 15 illustrates a component of an apparatus 100 for making a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 having an aperture 126 shaped to form a deviation, in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The roundness of the roundness of the fiber 108. Additionally or alternatively, in accordance with the rules employed in FIG. 14, for determining that at least a portion of the fibers 108 of the fabric 102 are less than one round, the apertures 126 of the spray nozzles 122 of FIG. 15 are provided with a non-circular shape. In the illustrated embodiment, alternating rows of elliptical apertures 126 are contemplated that have respective major axes, or along a common alignment axis 236 (i.e., according to the horizontal direction of Figure 15, comparing odd columns of holes) Ports 126) are oriented or oriented along parallel alignment axes 238 (i.e., according to the vertical direction of Figure 15, comparing even rows of apertures 126). However, it will be clearly understood in the ordinary skill in the art that the illustrated pattern of apertures 126 is merely exemplary, and that many other patterns of non-circular apertures 126 may be implemented in accordance with other exemplary embodiments of the present invention. . 16 shows a schematic view of a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention, showing fibers 108 having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle, with the result that fibers 108 are generally disposed or aligned along a preferential direction 290. . In other words, the fibers 108 are anisotropically aligned within the fabric 102 to define a preferentially aligned direction 290 in which a larger portion of the fibers 108 are aligned relative to the other directions. According to Fig. 16, a plurality of fibers 108 of the fabric 102 are shown, all of which have a non-circular elliptical cross section. Thus, when the fibers 108 are deposited on the fiber support unit 132, the fibers 108 are preferably curved about the alignment direction 290. As can be seen from Figure 16, some of the fibers 108 merge at the merged location 204 prior to agglomeration, while the other fibers 108 cross each other at the intersection 264 without merging, i.e., only experiencing mutual friction. More generally, providing a nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 having non-circular endless fibers 108 provides increased rigidity and uniformity. Although each individual process of depositing one of the fibers 108 on the fiber support unit 132 has a statistical effect, the predictable better deposition direction of the fibers 108 can be defined by configuring at least a portion of the fibers 108 in a non-circular cross-section. . By producing at least a portion of the fibers 108 with a sufficiently small roundness, a corresponding increase in at least one of uniformity and rigidity can be obtained. This is particularly powerful for increasing the stability of the fabric 102 when simultaneously merging between at least a portion of the fibers 108. Functionality of the fabric 102 relative to a particular application is made possible by adjusting the properties of the fibers 108 of the fabric 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in terms of roundness or cross-sectional shape. In particular, this makes it possible to design a fabric 102 having a higher mechanical strength at a given grammage, or to obtain a lower grammage at a given mechanical strength. This enhanced mechanical stability can be obtained in one or two perpendicular directions in the plane of the fabric 102 corresponding to the fiber receiving plane of the fiber support unit 132. Very advantageously, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, such a fabric 102 can be manufactured according to the structure of a lyocell spinning solution, thereby ensuring that the obtained fabric 102 has very low-contamination heavy metal impurities. Therefore, the obtained non-woven cellulose fiber fabric 102 has a very high purity, so that the obtained fabric 102 or a product based thereon is less likely to cause an allergic reaction to the user. According to a preferred embodiment, one or more nozzle bars or spray nozzles 122 for producing filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 are implemented, wherein the filaments are then drawn, crimped, and deposited on a fiber support. The fiber of unit 132 is received on the surface. During the stretching process and/or when filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 that have not yet agglomerated are deposited on the fiber support unit 132, two or more fibers may be triggered or promoted by air vorticity or turbulence The formation of the merged position 204 is between 108. This merging process can occur at different points in time during the agglomeration of the chemical process that forms the endless fibers 108. They can also be adjusted with different intensities and can be promoted using different media such as water or air. The coacervation and/or shaping of the filaments, as well as the adhesion at the contact or merged locations 204, can be controlled by corresponding adjustments. As a result, a wide variety of combined effects can be adjusted: on the one hand, a fabric 102 having a very low tendency to merge and stick can be formed; on the other hand, the process can be controlled to obtain a strong combination, causing the fibers 108 to lose their shape. And tend to present a planar membrane structure. During the deposition process of the fibers 108 or preforms that have not yet fully agglomerated, a statistical or random process may be involved. This typically results in any structure without end filaments or fibers 108. In particular, when the conveying speed of the conveying device (i.e., the fiber supporting unit 132) is significantly smaller than the speed of the filament moving downward on the fiber receiving surface of the fiber supporting unit 132, the arbitrary orientation of the filaments of the fiber 108 may occur. In other words, when the filaments are moved downward on the fiber supporting unit 132, an unpredictable or pseudo-random deposition direction of the filaments or fibers 108 may occur due to the reaction force applied from the fiber supporting unit 132 to the filaments. This phenomenon has been described above with reference to FIG. However, as described above with reference to FIG. 8, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can overcome the randomness of the fibers 108 by arranging at least a portion of the fibers 108 in a non-circular cross-section having a true roundness value of 90% or less. This pure statistic of sedimentary behavior. When the fibers 108 are offset from the cylindrical cross-section to a sufficient extent, one or more major deposition directions of the fibers 108 or groups of fibers 108 for corresponding design and orientation may be defined to increase the uniformity and properties of the fabric 102. Sex. Descriptively and referring to the elliptical cross-section of the fibers 108, such elliptical fibers 108 preferably bend or kink downwardly in the direction of the smaller cross-sectional dimension (i.e., along the minor axis of the ellipse). . Because of this phenomenon, control of the cross-sectional shape of the fabricated fibers 108 deviates from the circular shape, allowing one or more preferentially aligned directions of the fibers 108 in the fabric 102 to be defined. To produce a fiber 108 having a roundness of less than 90%, preferably less than 50%, pressure can be applied to the un-agglomerated preform of the fiber 108 by, for example, blowing or creating a water jet. This pressure can also be applied to the two opposing surfaces of the preform of fibers 108 to flatten the fibers. For example, when pressure is applied from 0° and 180°, the preferred flattening or ovalization of the fibers 108 occurs along the 90° to 270° axis. In order to produce a fiber 108 having a roundness of less than 90%, preferably less than 50%, additionally or alternatively, a hole having a spray nozzle 122 having an oval (or more generally non-circular) nozzle cross section may be provided Port 126. In the frame of the mechanism for forming the fibers 108 having a non-circular cross section, one or more of the following options may be applied: a) transport of the fabric 102 in the MD direction at a high transport speed of the fiber support unit 132 An implicit focus that results in an average fiber arrangement (which can be obtained by adding the transfer rate to the deposition vector). In particular, when the transport speed is on the same order of magnitude or even greater than the deposition speed, an effective orientation of the fiber arrangement of the fabric 102 in the MD direction can be achieved. The defined cross-sectional control of the deposited fibers 108 in the CD direction is achieved as compared to the circular cross-section due to the cross-sectional stretching or flattening modification of the fibers 108, and an increase in the CD direction is obtained at a transmission speed of zero. Fiber orientation. Therefore, the average or intermediate value at the transport speed and the CD deposition enhancement can be determined, at which the preferential alignment direction of the fibers 108 is not obtained. In other words, even under such conditions, perfect uniformity can be obtained. However, it should be mentioned that in some embodiments, the deposition rate can be higher than the transmission speed, especially on the order of magnitude. b) It is currently believed that a relatively small number of fibers 108 have been modified in accordance with the principles described in a), resulting in more adjacent fibers 108 also preferably oriented in the CD direction. This can be explained by the analogy of the forest in the storm. The broken first tree triggers a domino-like forest passage along the direction of the fracture. c) By modifying the cross-sectional shape of the fibers 108, a friction-based clamping effect in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be produced in the fabric 102. This results in self-inhibition as in a conical tool container. This effect is already obtained by the relatively small deviation of the cross-sectional shape of the fiber 108 compared to the circular cross section. The transition from a circular cross section to an oval cross section can form such a self-suppressing system relative to the other fiber 108 (also having a non-circular cross section or having a circular cross section). Referring again to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, one or more additional nozzle bars or spray nozzles 122 may be provided and may be continuously disposed along the direction of transport of the fiber support unit 132. A plurality of spray nozzles 122 can be configured such that an additional layer 200 of fibers 108 can be deposited on top of the previously formed layer 202 (preferably before the agglomeration or curing process of the fibers 108 of layer 202 and/or layer 200 is fully completed) , which triggers the merging of layers. This may have an advantageous effect on the properties of the multilayer fabric 102 when the process parameters are properly adjusted: In one aspect, the first deposited layer 202 may be deposited on a conveyor belt (such as a conveyor belt) that is the fiber support unit 132. In such an embodiment, the fiber support unit 132 can be implemented as an ordered structure of a release mechanism and an air suction opening (not shown). In the statistical distribution of the filaments of the fibers 108, this may have the effect of finding higher material concentrations in areas where no gas flow is present. This (especially microscopic) change in material density can be considered a perforation from a mechanical point of view, which acts to distort the uniformity of the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 (especially due to its tendency to inhibit the pattern). Holes may be formed in the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102 at a location where the gas stream or liquid stream (e.g., water) penetrates the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102. By such a fluid flow, wherein the fluid can be a gas or a liquid, the tensile strength of the nonwoven fiber fabric 102 produced can be increased. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is presently believed that the second layer 200 can be considered a reinforcing layer of the first layer 202 which compensates for the reduced uniformity of the layer 202. This increase in mechanical stability can be further improved by variations in fiber diameter (especially variations in the interfiber diameter of the individual fibers 108 and/or changes in the longitudinal diameter within the fibers). When a deeper (particularly a single point) pressure is applied (e.g., provided by air or water), the cross-sectional shape of the fibers 108 can be further deliberately distorted, which can advantageously result in further increased mechanical stability. On the other hand, the intended combination between the fibers 108 of the fabric 102 according to Fig. 13 can be triggered to further increase the mechanical stability of the fabric 102. In this context, the combination may be adhesion of the support contacts of the filaments contacting the fibers 108, particularly prior to completion of the coacervation process of the one or two fibers 108. For example, the merging can be facilitated by increasing the contact pressure by a fluid stream (eg, a gas stream or a stream of water). By taking such measures, on the one hand, the cohesive strength between the filaments or fibers 108 of one of the layers 200, 202 can be increased, and/or on the other hand the cohesive strength between the layers 200, 202 can be increased. According to the apparatus 100 of FIG. 13 (which is configured for use in the manufacture of the multilayer fabric 102), a number of process parameters are implemented that can be used to design the shape and/or diameter, or diameter distribution of the fibers 108 and the fibrous layers 200, 202. This is the result of a continuous configuration of the plurality of spray nozzles 122, each of which can be operated with individually adjustable process parameters. The high mechanical strength of the fabric 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is also obtained by the following properties of the manufacturing process: First, endless fibers 108 made of cellulosic material are used because of the endless fibers 108 (and short The fibers have less interference transitions, resulting in a single fiber 108 having a higher load carrying capacity. Secondly, such a high purity fiber 108 can be produced because the heavy metal content associated with the process of the corresponding fabric 102 is very small. Third, the specific design of the carrier dust that supports the mesh or other carrier structure (web support system) that can be implemented in the spunlace manufacturing process allows for control of the stiffness of the fabric 102. In particular, the stability of the fabric 102 can be significantly increased by merging (e.g., air and/or water induced), thereby allowing for the acquisition of a bionic-like structure with high load capacity. With proper process control, a single filament can be provided with a drill bit that can also be retained in fabric 102 that is easy to manufacture. Thereby, twisted fibers 108 can be formed which can have increased stretchability by corresponding spring effects. At the same time, the elasticity of the fabric 102 comprising the twisted fibers 108 can be limited. This can be used to further increase the stability of the fabric 102. In particular, when the fiber 108 is bent, there is an effect that the elasticity decreases as the bending radius increases. When a suitable airflow vorticity or turbulence is implemented, the fabric 102 of the twisted fibers 108 with further increased stability can be designed. On the smooth, flat fiber receiving surface of the fiber support unit 132, the oval fibers 108 or filaments preferably rest on their wide sides. This has a strong influence on the properties of the fabric 102 produced, as this involves an orderly effect. In particular, this allows the manufacture of fabric 102 having a relatively small thickness and a relatively high density. Preferably, fabric 102 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is comprised of both circular fibers 108 and non-circular fibers 108. The corresponding fabric 102 can be made by using a hybrid spray nozzle 122 having circular and non-circular apertures 126, and/or by permanent, cyclic, or repeated modification of process parameters. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least 2, in particular at least 3, more particularly at least 4, in particular up to 10, consecutively configured spray nozzles 122 may be implemented for fabricating fabric 102. Each spray nozzle 122 can include a plurality of orifices 126. Each spray nozzle 122 can optionally have a circular and/or non-circular aperture 126. The fabric 102 can also be manufactured by adjusting the agglomeration and/or stretching conditions of the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104, wherein the non-circular fiber portions are perpendicular or at least substantially perpendicular to the surface of the fabric 102 in cross-section. And oriented. This results in stable adhesion and solidification of the fabric 102. This allows one or more of the following advantages to be achieved: a high-loose fabric 102 is produced at a relatively low gram weight; an identifiable layer structure having an adjustable property profile; an adjustable property of the fabric 102 on the upper major surface and the lower major surface; The aligned oval fibers 108 allow for high tensile strength at reduced longitudinal and lateral elongation; the grammage can be adjusted over a wide range, for example, 8 g/m ² Up to 250g/m ² . In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven cellulosic fabric 102 is used in a biodegradable product. After biodegradation, no adhesive material or adhesive material remains. In particular, there is not a significant amount of heavy metals forming part of such biodegradable products. Unwanted particle wear from the fabric 102 can be prevented by corresponding process design. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a defined deviation from the circular cross-section of the endless fibers 108 can be obtained in such a manner that the cross-sectional shape varies along the longitudinal extension of such fibers 108. This can also be achieved by bending the fiber 108 beyond its elastic limit, resulting in a transition from a resiliently curved state to a plastically bent state. This effect can be enhanced by subsequently fixing the curved fibers 108 (e.g., by water entanglement). When tearing the nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web 102, the result is that at some of the loop or fusiole structure, another endless fiber 108 is guided through the structure during tearing, the diameter is no longer suitable and varies in small shapes. Self-inhibition has already occurred. This increases the overall tear strength of the fabric 102. This is particularly relevant in the implementation of the endless fibers 108, wherein this self-inhibiting effect promoted by the deviation of the roundness from one fiber is stronger than that of the short fibers. Very advantageously, the deviation of the cross-section of the fiber 108 from the circular cross-section can be combined with a change in fiber diameter (especially a change in thickness within the fiber and/or a change in thickness between fibers). This combination results in a particularly significant increase in the mechanical stability of the fabric 102. In summary, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the following adjustments can be made in particular: - low uniform fiber diameter to achieve high smoothness of fabric 102 - multilayer fabric 102 having low diameter fibers and relatively low speed Allowing high fabric caliper with low fabric density - The equal absorption curve of the functionalized layer allows for uniform humidity and fluid containment behavior, as well as uniform behavior in terms of fluid release - also allows the single layer 200, 202 to be differently Functionalized to obtain products with anisotropic properties (eg, for wicking, oil containment, water containment, dust removal, roughness). In the end, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are illustrative and not limiting, and that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In the scope of the patent application, any reference signs in parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. The words "comprising" and "comprises", etc., do not exclude the presence of the elements or steps in addition to the elements or steps listed as a whole in the scope of the claims. A singular reference to an element does not exclude the plural reference of the element, and vice versa. In the scope of the patent application for a number of methods, several of these methods can be implemented by the same software or hardware project. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different patent application scopes does not mean that a combination of these measures cannot be used. Below, examples for generating merge factor changes are described and shown in the table below. When a constant spinning solution (i.e., a spinning solution having a constant consistency), particularly a lyocell spinning solution, and a constant gas flow (e.g., air throughput) are used, the different combining factors in the cellulosic fiber fabric can be changed by Condensed spray flow to achieve. Therefore, the relationship between the condensed spray stream and the combination factor can be observed, that is, the tendency of the combined behavior (the higher the condensed spray stream, the lower the combination factor). MD here denotes the machine direction, and CD denotes the lateral direction. Softness (described by known specific hand measurement techniques, based on the non-woven standard WSP90.3, measured by the so-called "fabric hand tester", especially the latest version valid on the priority date of this patent application) The above combined trend will be followed. The intensity (described as Fmax) (for example, according to EN29073-3 and ISO9073-3, respectively, especially the latest version valid on the priority date of this patent application) will also follow the combined trend. Thus, the softness and strength of the resulting nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric can be adjusted according to the degree of combination (as defined by the combination factor).

100‧‧‧ device

102‧‧‧ (non-woven cellulose fiber) fabric

104‧‧‧Lysel spinning solution

106‧‧‧Condensate fluid

108‧‧‧Fiber

110‧‧‧ Wood pulp

112‧‧‧ water container

113‧‧‧Measuring unit

114‧‧‧ storage tank

116‧‧‧ solvent container

118‧‧‧Concentration unit

119‧‧‧Mixed unit

120‧‧‧Dissolution unit

122‧‧‧ spray nozzle

124‧‧‧Fiber forming unit

126‧‧ ‧ orifice

128‧‧‧aggregation unit

132‧‧‧Fiber support unit

134‧‧‧ further processing unit

136‧‧‧Winding machine

140‧‧‧Control unit

146‧‧‧ airflow

180‧‧‧Washing unit

200‧‧ layers

202‧‧‧ layer

204‧‧‧ merged location

236‧‧‧Common alignment axis

238‧‧‧Parallel alignment axis

264‧‧‧ cross location

270‧‧‧Transformation unit

272‧‧‧Forming fluid

274‧‧‧Details

280‧‧‧Inscribed circle

282‧‧‧ circumscribed circle

290‧‧‧Priority direction

R‧‧‧ inscribed circle radius

r‧‧‧Circular radius

The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to examples of the embodiments, but the invention is not limited thereto: FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the production of non-woven fibers directly formed from a lyocell spinning solution according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. A device for a plain fiber fabric in which the lyocell spinning solution is agglomerated by a coagulation fluid. 2 through 4 show experimental captured images of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the incorporation of individual fibers is accomplished by a particular process control. 5 and 6 show experimental captured images of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in which swelled fibers have been completed, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 5 shows a fibrous web in a dry, non-swellable state, and Figure 6 A fibrous fabric showing a moist swelling state. Figure 7 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which the formation of two superposed layers of fibers is accomplished by a particular process of performing two tandem nozzles. Figure 8 shows a schematic plot showing that when the roundness of the cross section of the fiber is adjusted to deviate from the circular cross section, a clear bend of the fiber can be promoted. Figure 9 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention, depicting fibers having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle. Figure 10 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein fibers having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle are partially twisted. Figure 11 shows an experimental captured image of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, consisting of three stacked layers having different fiber diameters. Figure 12 shows how the roundness of a fiber having a section deviating from a circular cross section is calculated as the ratio between the inscribed circle of the cross section of the fiber and the circumscribed circle, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 illustrates an apparatus for making a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the process is controlled to trigger the formation of a merged position between the fibers. Figure 14 illustrates, in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a component of an apparatus for making a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous fabric, wherein the process is controlled to trigger a deviation from rounded roundness (by ellipting during agglomeration) The shape of the merged position between the fibers of the roundness of the shape of the endless fiber is applied. Figure 15 illustrates, in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a component of an apparatus for making a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous fabric having an aperture shaped to form a circle that is offset from a circle. The roundness of the fibers and the mechanical reinforcement of the fabric. Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of a nonwoven cellulosic fiber fabric in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, showing fibers having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle, with the result that the fibers are disposed generally along a preferential direction.

Claims (15)

A nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web (102), particularly produced directly from a lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the fabric (102) comprises a network of substantially endless fibers (108), and wherein at least 1% of the The equal fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness. A fabric (102) according to claim 1 which comprises at least one of the following features: wherein at least 3%, in particular at least 5%, of said fibers (108) have a true roundness of no more than 90% A circular cross-sectional shape; wherein at least 1% of the fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 80%, particularly no more than 70% roundness. A fabric (102) according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises at least one of the following features: wherein the smoothness of the fabric (102) (measured as a specific hand) is at ² mNm ² /g and 70 mNm ² The range between /g; wherein the fibers (108) have a copper content of less than 5 ppm and/or have a nickel content of less than 2 ppm; wherein at least a portion of the fibers (108) are integrally combined at the merged location (204). The fabric (102) of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the different fibers of the fibers (108) are at least partially located in different distinguishable layers (200, 202). A fabric (102) according to claim 4, comprising at least one of the following features: wherein at least one of the fibers (108) of the different layers (200, 202) is between the layers (200, 202) The merged locations (204) are collectively integrated; wherein the fibers (108) of the different layers (200, 202) have the same physical properties; wherein the fibers (108) of the different layers (200, 202) have different physical properties. The fabric (102) of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein at least a portion of the fibers (108) are twisted. The fabric (102) of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the fibers (108) are anisotropically aligned within the fabric (102) to define substantially at least one preferential orientation (290) ), a larger portion of the fibers (108) are aligned along the at least one preferentially aligned direction than in other directions. A method of making a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web (102) directly from a lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the method comprises: passing the lyocell spinning solution (104) via at least one orifice (126) The spray nozzle (122) is extruded under airflow (146) into the environment of the coalescing fluid (106) to form substantially endless fibers (108); the fibers on the fiber support unit (132) are collected (108) Thereby forming the fabric (102); adjusting the process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness. The method of claim 8, wherein adjusting the process parameter comprises applying a force to the filament of the lyocell spinning solution (104) prior to completion of the agglomeration. The method of claim 9, wherein the forming fluid is directed to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution (104) prior to completion of the agglomeration. The method of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the method further comprises collecting the fibers (108) and/or the fabric (102) further after collection on the fiber support unit (132) In situ processing, in particular by at least one of the following group consisting of: water entanglement, needle sticking, impregnation, steam treatment with pressurized steam, and calendering. A device (100) for fabricating a nonwoven cellulosic fibrous web (102) directly from a lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the device (100) comprises: at least one jet nozzle having an orifice (126) ( 122) configured to extrude the lyocell spinning solution (104) by means of a gas stream (146); a coalescing unit (128) configured to spin the extruded lyocell The solution (104) provides a cohesive fluid (106) environment to form substantially endless fibers (108); a fiber support unit (132) configured to collect the fibers (108) to form the fabric (102); (140), configured to adjust process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of no more than 90% roundness. A device (100) according to claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the apertures (126) are non-circular, in particular oval, more particularly elliptical. A method of using a non-woven cellulose fiber fabric (102) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 which is for at least one of the group consisting of: a wipe; a dryer Dryer sheet; filter; sanitary product; medical application product; geotextile; agricultural fabric; clothing; product for construction technology; automotive product; home furnishing; industrial product; and beauty, leisure, Sports or travel related products; and products related to the school or office. A product or composite comprising the fabric (102) of any one of claims 1 to 7.