微電網不斷電控制裝置Microgrid continuous power control device
本發明係有關於一種微電網不斷電控制裝置，尤指涉及一種以儲能系統或複合型發電裝置作為電壓源，特別係指能避免因儲能系統故障，而使微電網發生全黑之情況，並且可依需求，使儲能系統與其他發電裝置交換電壓源之主控權，增加供電之穩定性與可靠性者。The invention relates to a micro-grid continual power control device, in particular to an energy storage system or a composite power generation device as a voltage source, in particular to avoid the failure of the energy storage system, and the micro-grid is completely black. The situation, and the energy storage system can be exchanged with other power generation devices for the main control of the voltage source according to the demand, and the stability and reliability of the power supply can be increased.
近年來，在微電網之架構中，除了有各種分散式發電設備（如太陽能、風力及生質能等）及許多用戶負載之外，儲能系統及與市電端（大電網端）相接連之快速切換開關（如靜態開關等）也是不可少之重要設備。其中，儲能系統在微電網中可以提高電網之電力品質，調節再生能源之發電量及負載之用電量，使系統可以達成供需之平衡。因此，儲能系統之存在已成為不可缺少之重要設備。 在實際應用上，儲能系統本身並非是穩定之設備，儲能系統之異常甚至是故障，常常起因於電池模組之不穩定、逆變器（Inverter）無法併聯、或儲能系統之通訊干擾等；其中，又以電池模組之不穩定最常發生。電池能量之儲存依賴於化學反應，然而天氣與環境之變化常常會對於電池產生不可預期之影響，例如電池之電芯損壞等；此外，電池模組之電芯本身也會有壽命之限制，在儲能系統內部中，每個模組間雖然會持續做電壓與能量之平衡，但是此平衡係依靠讀取之數值作平衡，實際上各個電池間化學反應仍然會有些微差異，長久累積仍會使各個電池間之壽命造成差異，使得某組電池模組電壓過低，使得儲能系統需要不定時分別對不同電池模組取出做單獨充電或更換，這也使得微電網之長時間連續運轉受到影響。上述係以鋰電池之電芯為例，描述儲能系統可能的故障情形，並無限定特定種類之儲能系統。 如中華民國專利證書號I467881之專利案，為一種微電網儲能系統模式切換裝置，係利用儲能系統與靜態開關之連動，當儲能系統進行控制模式切換時，該靜態開關則同時動作，而達到以快速切換之方式使微電網進行併網運轉模式或孤島運轉模式之功效。然而，該專利案具有下列兩項缺點： 1.市電併聯期間且儲能系統故障，當發生市電突然消失時，會進入孤島運轉模式，但此時微電網內部無電壓源控制微電網整體之電壓及頻率，微電網會有全黑之情況。 2.在孤島下，若儲能系統突然發生故障，因微電網內部無可以作為儲能系統故障時之替代電壓源，微電網也會有全黑之情況。 另如中華民國專利證書號I492472之專利案，為一種電網之雙套儲能系統，係將雙套儲能系統之運轉分為數種模式，並分別依據雙套儲能系統中之電壓、電流及異常訊號決定其運轉模式，可以提高儲能系統效能與可靠度，而達到延長儲能系統使用壽命之功效。然而，該專利案亦具有下列兩項缺點： 1.兩套儲能系統成本更是大為提高，同時儲能系統數量變多，也會有更多電池組穩定性與安全性之問題。 2.此架構中，當市電發生異常且再生能源發電量不夠時，除非儲能系統之儲存電力容量夠大，否則雙套儲能系統也無法持續提供不足之電力。 有鑑於上述習知儲能系統之各項缺失，以及用於儲能系統之電力能源管理之重要性，本發明人乃亟思發明一種以儲能系統或複合型發電裝置作為電壓源之微電網不斷電控制裝置，以提升微電網運轉之穩定性與安全性，藉以改善習用之種種問題。In recent years, in the structure of the microgrid, in addition to various decentralized power generation equipment (such as solar energy, wind power and biomass energy) and many user loads, the energy storage system and the mains terminal (large grid end) are connected. Fast switching switches (such as static switches, etc.) are also important equipment. Among them, the energy storage system can improve the power quality of the power grid in the micro grid, adjust the power generation of the renewable energy and the power consumption of the load, so that the system can achieve a balance between supply and demand. Therefore, the existence of energy storage systems has become an indispensable important device. In practical applications, the energy storage system itself is not a stable device. The abnormality or even the failure of the energy storage system is often caused by the instability of the battery module, the inverter cannot be connected in parallel, or the communication interference of the energy storage system. Etc.; among them, the instability of the battery module occurs most often. The storage of battery energy depends on chemical reactions. However, changes in weather and environment often have unpredictable effects on the battery, such as damage to the battery cells. In addition, the battery cells themselves have life limits. In the interior of the energy storage system, although the balance between voltage and energy is continuously maintained between each module, the balance is balanced by the value read. In fact, the chemical reaction between the batteries will still be slightly different, and the long-term accumulation will still be The difference in the life of each battery is caused, so that the voltage of a certain battery module is too low, so that the energy storage system needs to separately charge or replace different battery modules separately, which also makes the micro-grid continuous operation for a long time. influences. The above is an example of a battery of a lithium battery, describing a possible failure situation of the energy storage system, and does not define a specific type of energy storage system. For example, the patent case of the Republic of China Patent No. I467881 is a micro-grid energy storage system mode switching device that utilizes the linkage between the energy storage system and the static switch. When the energy storage system performs the control mode switching, the static switch operates simultaneously. The effect of making the grid-connected operation mode or the island operation mode of the micro-grid in a fast switching manner is achieved. However, the patent has the following two shortcomings: 1. During the parallel connection of the mains and the failure of the energy storage system, when the mains suddenly disappears, it will enter the island operation mode, but at this time, there is no voltage source inside the microgrid to control the overall voltage of the microgrid. And the frequency, the micro-grid will have a black situation. 2. Under the isolated island, if the energy storage system suddenly fails, there is no substitute voltage source in the micro-grid that can be used as an energy storage system failure, and the micro-grid will also have a black condition. Another example is the patent case of the Republic of China Patent No. I492472, which is a dual-energy storage system for the power grid. The operation of the dual-storage energy storage system is divided into several modes, which are based on the voltage and current in the dual-storage energy storage system. The abnormal signal determines its operation mode, which can improve the performance and reliability of the energy storage system, and achieve the effect of extending the service life of the energy storage system. However, the patent case also has the following two shortcomings: 1. The cost of the two energy storage systems is greatly improved, and the number of energy storage systems is increased, and there are more problems with the stability and safety of the battery pack. 2. In this architecture, when the utility power is abnormal and the amount of renewable energy generated is insufficient, the dual energy storage system cannot continue to provide insufficient power unless the storage capacity of the energy storage system is large enough. In view of the above-mentioned lack of conventional energy storage systems and the importance of power energy management for energy storage systems, the inventors have invented a microgrid that uses an energy storage system or a composite power generation device as a voltage source. Constantly control the device to improve the stability and safety of the microgrid operation, so as to improve the various problems of the application.
本發明之主要目的係在於，克服習知技藝所遭遇之上述問題並提供一種能避免因儲能系統故障，而使微電網發生全黑之情況，並且可依需求，使儲能系統與其他發電裝置交換電壓源之主控權，增加供電之穩定性與可靠性之微電網不斷電控制裝置。 本發明之次要目的係在於，提供一種可使微電網在市電併聯轉孤島運轉期間，或者於孤島運轉下，當儲能系統故障時，利用其他發電裝置作為微電網電壓源，提升微電網運轉之穩定性與安全性之微電網不斷電控制裝置。 為達以上之目的，本發明係一種微電網不斷電控制裝置，係以儲能系統或複合型發電裝置作為電壓源，其包括：一電力匯流排；一儲能系統，係與該電力匯流排連接；一負載，係與該電力匯流排連接；一再生能源，係與該電力匯流排連接；至少一其他發電裝置，係與該電力匯流排連接；一靜態開關，係與市電及該儲能系統連接；以及至少一同步開關，係與該其他發電裝置連接。 於本發明上述實施例中，該同步開關包含一次側與二次側。 於本發明上述實施例中，各同步開關係相互串聯，且分別與各其他發電裝置連接。 於本發明上述實施例中，當該儲能系統正常運轉下，市電發生異常時，微電網由市電併聯模式轉為孤島運轉模式，此時由該儲能系統擔任微電網孤島運轉之電壓源，再將該其他發電裝置開啟，以P/Q模式作為功率之提供者；若該儲能系統於微電網孤島運轉期間發生故障時，該其他發電裝置則會取代該儲能系統成為電壓源。 於本發明上述實施例中，若故障之儲能系統於微電網孤島運轉期間回復正常後，該儲能系統將取回電壓源主控權，該其他發電裝置再轉變回P/Q模式作為功率之提供者；若市電回復正常後，該儲能系統會帶領整個微電網回併市電。 於本發明上述實施例中，當該儲能系統於故障期間發生市電異常時，係由該其他發電裝置擔任微電網孤島運轉之電壓源；當市電回復正常後而該儲能系統仍未修復，該其他發電裝置會帶領整個微電網回併市電。The main object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems encountered in the prior art and to provide a situation in which the microgrid is completely black due to the failure of the energy storage system, and the energy storage system and other power generation can be performed according to requirements. The device exchanges the master control of the voltage source to increase the stability and reliability of the power supply. The secondary object of the present invention is to provide a microgrid that can use other power generating devices as a microgrid voltage source to improve the operation of the microgrid during the operation of the mains parallel to the island or during the operation of the island, when the energy storage system fails. The stability and safety of the microgrid continually controls the device. For the purpose of the above, the present invention is a microgrid continual power control device, which is an energy storage system or a composite power generation device as a voltage source, and includes: a power bus bar; an energy storage system, and the power sink a connection connected to the power bus; a regenerative energy source connected to the power bus; at least one other power generating device connected to the power bus; a static switch, the mains and the storage The system can be connected; and at least one synchronous switch is connected to the other power generating device. In the above embodiment of the invention, the synchronous switch includes a primary side and a secondary side. In the above embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous open relationships are connected in series with each other and are respectively connected to respective other power generating devices. In the above embodiment of the present invention, when the energy storage system is in normal operation and the utility power is abnormal, the micro-grid is switched from the mains parallel mode to the island operation mode, and the energy storage system serves as the voltage source for the micro-grid island operation. The other power generating device is turned on, and the P/Q mode is used as a power provider; if the energy storage system fails during the operation of the micro-grid island, the other power generating device replaces the energy storage system as a voltage source. In the above embodiment of the present invention, if the faulty energy storage system returns to normal during the micro-grid island operation, the energy storage system will retrieve the voltage source master control, and the other power generation device is converted back to the P/Q mode as the power. The provider; if the mains returns to normal, the energy storage system will lead the entire microgrid back to the mains. In the above embodiment of the present invention, when the energy storage system has a mains abnormality during the fault, the other power generating device is used as a voltage source for the micro-grid island operation; when the utility power returns to normal, the energy storage system is still not repaired. The other power generation unit will lead the entire microgrid back to the mains.
在現有之微電網架構下，儲能系統在微電網進入孤島運轉模式時，作為電壓源而控制整個微電網之電壓與頻率，並且平衡發電與負載間之功率差；當儲能系統故障或異常時，會導致微電網全黑。考量此種情況，本發明新增其他發電裝置及一個由該其他發電裝置所控制之主匯流排開關，以作為儲能系統故障時之替代電壓源；而上述所提其他發電裝置可為複數個。以下將以具體實施例詳細說明。 請參閱『第１圖』所示，係本發明第一實施例之基本架構示意圖。如圖所示：本發明係一種微電網不斷電控制裝置，係以儲能系統或複合型發電裝置作為電壓源，其至少包含有一電力匯流排１、一儲能系統２、一負載３、一再生能源４、一其他發電裝置５、一靜態開關６以及一同步開關７所構成。 上述所提之儲能系統２係與該電力匯流排１連接。 該負載３係與該電力匯流排１連接。 該再生能源４係與該電力匯流排１連接。 該其他發電裝置５係與該電力匯流排１連接。 該靜態開關６係與市電８及該儲能系統２連接。 該同步開關７包含一次側７１與二次側７２，該同步開關７係與該其他發電裝置５連接。如是，藉由上述揭露之結構構成一全新之微電網不斷電控制裝置。 當本發明於運用時，係可分為三種情境進行運作，就本實施例而言，可適用於情境一與情境二。 情境一、儲能系統正常運轉，其他發電裝置處在關閉狀態。 當儲能系統２正常運轉下，市電８發生異常時，微電網由市電併聯模式轉為孤島運轉模式，此時由儲能系統２擔任微電網孤島運轉之電壓源，再將其他發電裝置５開啟（避免使其他發電裝置５長久待機），以P/Q模式作為功率之提供者；若儲能系統２於微電網孤島運轉期間發生故障時，其他發電裝置５則會取代儲能系統２成為電壓源。 當故障之儲能系統２於微電網孤島運轉期間回復正常，其他發電裝置５偵測到同步開關７一次側７１有電壓，進行同步後將同步開關７閉合，由儲能系統２擔任電壓源，其他發電裝置５則轉為P/Q模式提供功率；若市電８回復正常，儲能系統２將會帶領微電網回併市電８。 情境二、儲能系統故障，其他發電裝置處在待機。 當儲能系統２於故障期間發生市電８異常，微電網須由市電併聯模式轉為孤島運轉模式，此時仍可由其他發電裝置５擔任微電網孤島運轉之電壓源（V/F模式），並將同步開關７打開；當市電８回復正常後而儲能系統２仍未修復，其他發電裝置５仍可回併市電８，並將自身轉成P/Q模式。 請參閱『第２圖』所示，係本發明第二實施例之基本架構示意圖。如圖所示：本發明除上述第一實施例所提結構型態之外，更可為本第二實施例之結構型態，而其所不同之處係在於，具有複數個其他發電裝置５ａ、５ｂ、５ｃ與複數個同步開關７ａ、７ｂ、７ｃ，各同步開關７ａ、７ｂ、７ｃ係相互串聯，且分別與各其他發電裝置５ａ、５ｂ、５ｃ連接。 當本發明於運用時，就本實施例而言，可適用於情境三。 情境三、儲能系統故障，有複數個其他發電裝置。 在複數個其他發電裝置５ａ、５ｂ、５ｃ及同步開關７ａ、７ｂ、７ｃ串聯之架構下，當儲能系統２於故障期間發生市電８異常，其他發電裝置５ａ將成為電壓源，並將同步開關７ａ打開隔離市電端；承上述之情況，若其他發電裝置５ａ故障，其他發電裝置５ｂ將成為電壓源，並將同步開關７ｂ打開，依此類推，如此將可減少電壓源唯一性造成之風險，增加微電網供電之穩定性。 透過上述三種情境了解本裝置之功用，故本發明所提微電網不斷電控制裝置，係可達成以下特性： 1.增加電網供電穩定性 a.分散只有一台儲能系統能擔任電壓源之風險。 2.增加回併時之選擇性 a.儲能系統存在，優先使用儲能系統回併市電。 b.儲能系統不在，使用其他發電裝置、與市電端串聯之同步併聯開關，及其他發電裝置上之同步控制器，同步併回市電。 3.避免對儲能系統之依賴性 a.在市電異常時，即使儲能系統當下為故障，依然可以斷開同步開關使其他發電裝置擔任微電網之電壓源。 b.孤島下，當再生能源及儲能系統儲存之電量不足以承擔負載時，其他發電裝置可以提供不足之電力。 4.設備成本觀點（其他發電裝置不含儲能系統） a.不需要因增加次要之電壓源而多買一套儲能系統，在價格上，其他發電裝置較儲能系統便宜。 b.其他發電裝置之故障率較儲能系統低，在維修成本上，與儲能系統之電池模組相比也更低。 c.靜態開關之價格較同步開關高，只需要在最關鍵且需快速切換之處安裝靜態開關即可。 綜上所述，本發明係一種微電網不斷電控制裝置，可有效改善習用之種種缺點，可使微電網在市電併聯轉孤島運轉期間，或者於孤島運轉下，當儲能系統故障時，利用其他發電裝置作為微電網電壓源，提升微電網運轉之穩定性與安全性；因此，本發明能避免因儲能系統故障，而使微電網發生全黑之情況，並且可依需求，使儲能系統與其他發電裝置交換電壓源之主控權，增加供電之穩定性與可靠性，進而使本發明之産生能更進步、更實用、更符合使用者之所須，確已符合發明專利申請之要件，爰依法提出專利申請。 惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍；故，凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。Under the existing microgrid architecture, the energy storage system controls the voltage and frequency of the entire microgrid as a voltage source when the microgrid enters the island operation mode, and balances the power difference between the power generation and the load; when the energy storage system fails or is abnormal This will cause the microgrid to be completely black. Considering this situation, the present invention adds another power generating device and a main busbar switch controlled by the other power generating device as an alternative voltage source when the energy storage system fails; and the other power generating devices mentioned above may be plural . The details will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the basic architecture of the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure: the present invention is a micro-grid continual power control device, which is an energy storage system or a composite power generation device as a voltage source, which at least includes a power busbar 1, an energy storage system 2, a load 3, A regenerative energy source 4, a further power generating device 5, a static switch 6, and a synchronous switch 7 are formed. The energy storage system 2 mentioned above is connected to the power busbar 1. The load 3 is connected to the power busbar 1. The regenerative energy source 4 is connected to the power busbar 1. The other power generating device 5 is connected to the power busbar 1. The static switch 6 is connected to the mains 8 and the energy storage system 2. The synchronous switch 7 includes a primary side 71 and a secondary side 72, and the synchronous switch 7 is connected to the other power generating device 5. If so, a new microgrid continual power control device is constructed by the above disclosed structure. When the present invention is applied, it can be divided into three scenarios to operate, and in this embodiment, it can be applied to context one and context two. Situation 1. The energy storage system is operating normally, and other power generation devices are in a closed state. When the energy storage system 2 is operating normally and the mains 8 is abnormal, the microgrid is switched from the mains parallel mode to the island operation mode. At this time, the energy storage system 2 serves as the voltage source for the microgrid island operation, and then the other power generation devices 5 are turned on. (avoiding other power generating devices 5 to stand by for a long time), using P/Q mode as the power provider; if the energy storage system 2 fails during the micro-grid island operation, the other power generating devices 5 will replace the energy storage system 2 to become the voltage. source. When the faulty energy storage system 2 returns to normal during the operation of the micro-grid island, the other power generating device 5 detects that the synchronous switch 7 has a voltage on the primary side 71, and after the synchronization, the synchronous switch 7 is closed, and the energy storage system 2 serves as a voltage source. Other power generation devices 5 are converted to P/Q mode to provide power; if the mains 8 returns to normal, the energy storage system 2 will lead the microgrid back to the mains 8. Situation 2, the energy storage system is faulty, and other power generation devices are in standby. When the energy storage system 2 has a mains 8 abnormality during the fault, the microgrid must be switched from the mains parallel mode to the island operation mode, and the other power generating device 5 can still be used as the voltage source (V/F mode) of the microgrid island operation, and The synchronous switch 7 is turned on; when the commercial power 8 returns to normal and the energy storage system 2 is still not repaired, the other power generating devices 5 can still return to the commercial power 8, and convert itself into the P/Q mode. Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of the basic architecture of the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the present invention may be in the structural form of the second embodiment in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment described above, and is different in that it has a plurality of other power generating devices 5a. 5b, 5c and a plurality of synchronous switches 7a, 7b, 7c, each of the synchronous switches 7a, 7b, 7c are connected in series and connected to each of the other power generating devices 5a, 5b, 5c. When the present invention is applied, it can be applied to the scenario 3 for the present embodiment. Situation 3, the energy storage system is faulty, and there are a plurality of other power generation devices. Under the structure in which a plurality of other power generating devices 5a, 5b, 5c and synchronous switches 7a, 7b, 7c are connected in series, when the energy storage system 2 is abnormal during the power failure, the other power generating device 5a becomes a voltage source, and the synchronous switch 7a opens the isolated mains terminal; in the above case, if the other power generating device 5a fails, the other generating device 5b will become a voltage source, and the synchronous switch 7b is turned on, and so on, thus reducing the risk caused by the uniqueness of the voltage source, Increase the stability of the microgrid power supply. Through the above three scenarios to understand the function of the device, the micro-grid continual power control device of the present invention can achieve the following characteristics: 1. Increase the stability of the power supply of the power grid. a. Disperse only one energy storage system can serve as a voltage source. risk. 2. Increase the selectivity of the return time. a. The energy storage system exists, and the energy storage system is preferentially used to return to the mains. b. The energy storage system is not in use, use other power generation devices, synchronous parallel switches in series with the mains terminal, and synchronous controllers on other power generation devices to synchronize and return to the mains. 3. Avoid dependence on the energy storage system a. When the utility power is abnormal, even if the energy storage system is faulty at present, the synchronous switch can be disconnected to make other power generation devices serve as the voltage source of the microgrid. b. Under the island, when the energy stored in the renewable energy and energy storage system is not enough to bear the load, other power generation devices can provide insufficient power. 4. Equipment cost point of view (other power generation units do not contain energy storage systems) a. There is no need to buy a set of energy storage systems due to the addition of secondary voltage sources. In terms of price, other power generation units are cheaper than energy storage systems. b. The failure rate of other power generation devices is lower than that of the energy storage system, and the maintenance cost is lower than that of the energy storage system. c. The price of the static switch is higher than that of the synchronous switch. It is only necessary to install the static switch at the most critical and fast switching. In summary, the present invention is a micro-grid continual power control device, which can effectively improve various shortcomings of the conventional use, and can make the micro-grid during the parallel operation of the utility power in the island or during the operation of the island, when the energy storage system is faulty, Using other power generation devices as the voltage source of the microgrid to improve the stability and safety of the operation of the microgrid; therefore, the present invention can avoid the situation that the microgrid is completely black due to the failure of the energy storage system, and can be stored according to requirements. The system can exchange the master control of the voltage source with other power generation devices, increase the stability and reliability of the power supply, and thus make the invention more progressive, more practical, and more suitable for the user, and indeed meet the invention patent application. The key requirements are to file a patent application in accordance with the law. However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; therefore, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the present invention and the contents of the invention are modified. All should remain within the scope of the invention patent.
１‧‧‧電力匯流排
２‧‧‧儲能系統
３‧‧‧負載
４‧‧‧再生能源
５、５ａ、５ｂ、５ｃ‧‧‧其他發電裝置
６‧‧‧靜態開關
７、７ａ、７ｂ、７ｃ‧‧‧同步開關
７１‧‧‧一次側
７２‧‧‧二次側
８‧‧‧市電1‧‧‧Power Busbar 2‧‧‧ Energy Storage System 3‧‧‧Load 4‧‧‧Renewable Energy 5, 5a, 5b, 5c‧‧‧ Other Power Generation Devices 6‧‧‧ Static Switches 7, 7a, 7b, 7c‧‧‧Synchronous switch 71‧‧‧ primary side 72‧‧‧ secondary side 8‧‧‧
第１圖，係本發明第一實施例之基本架構示意圖。 第２圖，係本發明第二實施例之基本架構示意圖。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic structure of a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the basic structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.