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TW201816476A - 顯示裝置 - Google Patents

顯示裝置 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201816476A
TW201816476A TW105134145A TW105134145A TW201816476A TW 201816476 A TW201816476 A TW 201816476A TW 105134145 A TW105134145 A TW 105134145A TW 105134145 A TW105134145 A TW 105134145A TW 201816476 A TW201816476 A TW 201816476A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
layer
polarizing layer
region
display device
Prior art date
Application number
TW105134145A
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English (en)
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TWI591401B (zh
Inventor
高望碩
宋文方
葉志律
成昀
Original Assignee
友達光電股份有限公司
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Application filed by 友達光電股份有限公司 filed Critical 友達光電股份有限公司
Priority to TW105134145A priority Critical patent/TWI591401B/zh
Priority to CN201611092243.8A priority patent/CN106444140B/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI591401B publication Critical patent/TWI591401B/zh
Priority to US15/652,907 priority patent/US10473981B2/en
Publication of TW201816476A publication Critical patent/TW201816476A/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528Polarisers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
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    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
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    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3607Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals for displaying colours or for displaying grey scales with a specific pixel layout, e.g. using sub-pixels
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133618Illuminating devices for ambient light
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133631Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with a spatial distribution of the retardation value
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133638Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/66Normally white display, i.e. the off state being white
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/01Number of plates being 1
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/05Single plate on one side of the LC cell
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G09G2300/04Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0421Structural details of the set of electrodes
    • G09G2300/0434Flat panel display in which a field is applied parallel to the display plane

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本發明係提供了一種顯示裝置,包含背光模組、液晶層、下偏光層、上偏光層及相位延遲波片層。液晶層設置於背光模組的出光側;下偏光層則設置於液晶層朝向背光模組之一側。上偏光層設置於液晶層相反於下偏光層的一側,而相位延遲波片層則設置於下偏光層與上偏光層之間。相位延遲波片層包含有相位延遲區及非相位延遲區;當背光模組產生的背光穿過下偏光層而抵達相位延遲波片層時部分光線會經相位延遲區進行相位調變而可以穿過上偏光層,而達到朝外顯示的效果。

Description

顯示裝置
本發明係關於一種顯示裝置;具體而言,本發明係關於一種在不施加電壓於液晶層時,仍可於顯示面顯示特定圖案的顯示裝置。
以現今消費性電子及家電產品的設計趨勢而言,均朝向輕薄短小的方向來進行產品外觀設計。然而以包含顯示裝置的產品來而,卻又求盡量放大顯示裝置的顯示面面積。在此兩種相反的設計概念夾擊下,設計者通常需要將顯示裝置的邊框寬度縮減,以在縮小或不增加產品體積的狀況下增加顯示面的面積。
圖1所示為傳統的平面顯示器,其具有前框10及顯示面板30。前框10係覆蓋於顯示面板30上顯示面的邊緣,以提供保護、結構支撐或外觀修飾的效果。此外,在前框10的下緣通常會以印刷、嵌入或其他方式所設置的品牌標示50。藉由品牌標示50的設置,消費者得以辨識產品的製造商或提供者。
然而如前所述,在現今的產品設計趨勢下,前框30的寬度不斷被壓縮,甚至已有部分無邊框設計的機種問世。在此狀況下,前框30的寬度將不足以設置品牌標示50。此外,除了品牌標示50之外,一些其他原本 可能被標示於前框30上的文字或圖型,例如型號、規格等,都將產生標示上的困難。
本發明之目的在於提供一種顯示裝置,可在關機或待機的時候進行特定文字或圖形的顯示。
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種顯示裝置,可在不施加電壓於液晶層時進行特定文字或圖形的顯示。
顯示裝置包含背光模組、液晶層、下偏光層、上偏光層及相位延遲波片層。液晶層設置於背光模組的出光側;下偏光層則設置於液晶層朝向背光模組之一側;換言之,下偏光層係夾設置液晶層及背光模組之間。上偏光層設置於液晶層相反於下偏光層的一側,而相位延遲波片層則設置於下偏光層與上偏光層之間。相位延遲波片層包含有相位延遲區及非相位延遲區,其中相位延遲區為實際上具有相位調變效果的區域;亦即當光線經過這一區時,即會產生相位延遲或超前。
背光模組產生的背光或環境光會穿過下偏光層,並經下偏光層偏極化後經由液晶層而抵達相位延遲波片層。落在相位延遲區的部分光線會經相位延遲區進行相位延遲或超前後抵達上偏光層。當不施加電壓於液晶層時,例如關機、待機或休眠時,經相位延遲區進行相位延遲或超前的光線至少部分可以穿過上偏光層,而達到朝外顯示的效果。
10‧‧‧前框
30‧‧‧顯示面板
50‧‧‧品牌標示
100‧‧‧背光模組
101‧‧‧出光側
110‧‧‧第一區
120‧‧‧第二區
130‧‧‧導光板
150‧‧‧直下式光源
200‧‧‧液晶層
211‧‧‧上基板
213‧‧‧下基板
230‧‧‧液晶分子
251‧‧‧常黑畫素
252‧‧‧常白畫素
260‧‧‧子畫素
261‧‧‧配向方向
300‧‧‧下偏光層
301‧‧‧第一光吸收軸
500‧‧‧上偏光層
501‧‧‧第二光吸收軸
600‧‧‧相位延遲波片層
610‧‧‧相位延遲區
611‧‧‧子延遲區
630‧‧‧非相位延遲區
651‧‧‧第一慢軸
652‧‧‧第二慢軸
700‧‧‧影像處理模組
800‧‧‧訊號源
810‧‧‧原始影像訊號
830‧‧‧反轉影像訊號
850‧‧‧非反轉影像訊號
圖1為傳統顯示器之示意圖;圖2為本發明顯示裝置之實施例元件爆炸圖;圖3為顯示裝置實施例之側面示意圖;圖4為顯示裝置訊號控制的實施例示意圖;圖5為子延遲區及子畫素對位之實施例示意圖;圖6為子延遲區及子畫素對位之另一實施例示意圖;圖7為相位延遲區與背光模組搭配之實施例示意圖;圖8為相位延遲區與背光模組搭配之另一實施例示意圖;圖9為顯示裝置之另一實施例側面示意圖;圖10為顯示裝置之另一實施例側面示意圖。
本發明提供一種顯示裝置,較佳係包含一種液晶顯示裝置。顯示裝置可為單獨的電腦顯示器、電視、監視器、車用顯示器等;亦可為其他裝置中所包含的顯示模組,例如手機、數位相機、掌上型遊樂器等的顯示屏幕。
圖2所示為本發明顯示裝置之實施例。如圖2所示,顯示裝置包含背光模組100、液晶層200、下偏光層300、上偏光層500及相位延遲波片層600。在本實施例中,背光模組100係採直下式的光源設計,並以發光二極體作為光源。然而在不同實施例中,背光模組100亦可採側入光式的光源設計,並採用導光板來使光線均勻。背光模組100具有出光側101;在本 實施例中,出光側101即為所產生的背光輸出的一側。
液晶層200設置於背光模組100的出光側101,並較佳由上基板211、下基板213及液晶分子230所組成。在本實施例中,液晶層200中的液晶分子230係採多象限垂直配向(Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment,MVA)方式設置;然而在不同實施例中,亦可採用其他的垂直配向(VA)方式、平面轉換(In-Plane Switching,IPS)或其他方式設置。此外,液晶層200較佳係夾設於控制電路基板(例如薄膜電晶體電路基板)及彩色濾光基板之間,但不以此為限。
下偏光層300係設置於液晶層200朝向背光模組100之一側;換言之,下偏光層300係夾設置液晶層200及背光模組100之間。在較佳實施例中,下偏光層300係可貼合於下基板213的外側,但不以此為限。上偏光層500則設置於液晶層200相反於下偏光層300的一側。在較佳實施例中,上偏光層500可貼合於上基板211的外側,但不以此為限。此外,下偏光層300具有第一光吸收軸301,而上偏光層500具有第二光吸收軸501。在本實施例中,第一光吸收軸301較佳係與第二光吸收軸501相垂直。
相位延遲波片層600設置於下偏光層300與上偏光層500之間。在圖2所示之實施例中,相位延遲波片層600係設置於上偏光層500的內面,亦即上偏光層500與液晶層200之間;然而在不同實施例中,相位延遲波片層600亦可設置於下偏光層300的內面,亦即下偏光層300與液晶層200之間。相位延遲波片層較佳包含一種具雙折射性質的光學元件。光通過此元件時,電場沿快軸振動的光速度較快,而電場沿與快軸相垂直之慢軸方向振動的光速度較慢。於是當此二方向之光要通過相位延遲波片層時會產 生相位差,若此相位差恰等於1/4波長時,即稱為1/4波片。若此相位差恰等於1/2波長時,則稱為1/2波片。
如圖2所示,相位延遲波片層600包含有相位延遲區610及非相位延遲區630。相位延遲區610為實際上具有相位調變效果的區域;亦即當光線經過這一區時,即會產生相位延遲或超前。非相位延遲區630則為不具有相位延遲效果的區域,因此當光線經過這一區時,並不會產生相位延遲。在本實施例中,相位延遲區610可形成為特定的圖案,例如品牌圖形或其他標示圖形。然而在不同實施例中,相位延遲區610亦可形成為矩形或其他常見的幾合形狀。如圖2所示,相位延遲區610係與液晶層200的一部分投影重疊;換言之,在垂直液晶層200的方向上,相位延遲區610的投影區域會與液晶層200疊合。由於本實施例中液晶層200中的液晶分子230係採多象限垂直配向(MVA),因此相位延遲波片區610較佳係具有1/2波片的相位延遲效果。然而在不同實施例中,若液晶層200中的液晶分子230係採平面轉換(IPS)方式配向時,則相位延遲波片區610較佳係具有1/4波片的相位延遲效果。
如圖3所示,背光模組100產生的背光、環境光或反射光會穿過下偏光層300,並經下偏光層300偏極化後經由液晶層200而抵達相位延遲波片層600。部分抵達相位延遲波片層600的光線會落在相位延遲區610,而其他部分則落在非相位延遲區630。落在相位延遲區610的部分光線會經相位延遲區610進行相位延遲或超前後抵達上偏光層500。當不施加電壓於液晶層200時,例如藉由控制電路基板201控制而不施加電壓於液晶層200時,經相位延遲區610進行相位延遲或超前的光線至少部分可以穿過上偏光層 500,而達到朝外顯示的效果。
此外,在本實施例中,當不施加電壓於液晶層200時,下偏光層300、液晶層200及上偏光層500分別對應於非相位延遲區630的部分共同形成常黑(normally black)的組成設置。換言之,經下偏光層300偏極化後的光線在通過液晶層200後會被上偏光層500所阻擋。由於非相位延遲區630不會對穿過的光線產生相位延遲或超前的效果,同樣會被上偏光層500阻擋而無法向外射出。為達成常黑的組成設置,液晶層較佳可採用前述各式的多象限垂直配向(MVA)、垂直配向(VA)方式或其他方式配置。換言之,液晶層200中對應於非相位延遲區630的部分畫素即可被視為常黑畫素。
相對而言,當不施加電壓於液晶層200時,下偏光層300、液晶層200及上偏光層500分別對應於相位延遲區610的部分將共同形成常白(normally white)的組成設置。換言之,經下偏光層300偏極化後的光線在通過液晶層200後會被上偏光層500所阻擋。由於相位延遲區610會對穿過的光線產生相位延遲或超前的效果,因此通過的光線至少部分不會被上偏光層500阻擋而可向外射出。換言之,液晶層200中對應於相位延遲區610的部分畫素即可被視為常白畫素;其組成設置較佳係與前述之常黑畫素相同,差異僅在於對應於相位延遲區610或非相位延遲區630。
如圖4所示,由於當施加電壓或不施加電壓於液晶層200時,常黑畫素251及常白畫素252所代表的區域對於光線的控制剛好相反。例如在不施加電壓時,常黑畫素251所對應的區域會沒有光線通過,而常白畫素252所對應的區域則是允許光線通過,因此給予兩者影像訊號時,也需進行相應的調整。在本實施例中,顯示裝置更包含有影像處理模組700。影像處 理模組700較佳可為驅動電路或驅動電路裡的部分模組。當收到來自訊號源800的原始影像訊號810時,影像處理模組700即將原始影像訊號810中對應於常白畫素252的部分進行階數反轉處理而成為反轉影像訊號830;而其他未進行階數反處理的部分則成為非反轉影像訊號850。反轉影像訊號830即被送往常白畫素252以對常白畫素252進行控制;非反轉影像訊號850即被送往常黑畫素251以對常黑畫素251進行控制。上述的階數反轉處理可透過減法或其他運算方法來進行;例如以255灰階作為代表的話,若原本原始影像訊號810中對應某一常白畫素252的灰階值為100,則經反轉運算後即得到(255-100=155)來作為反轉影像訊號830中的對應灰階值。
具體而言,相位延遲區630可以光罩製程搭配光配向的技術製成。例如可以在基板上塗佈或分佈液晶聚合物,並添加光起始劑。接著以光罩製程搭配紫外光照射,使分佈於相位延遲區630部分的液晶聚合物產生配向及定位效果。其餘分佈於非相延遲區630的液晶聚合物,則可於之後以加熱方式使其散亂,因此不會有特定方向的配向性產生。以上為相位延遲波片層600的例示製作方式,但不以此為限。
在圖5所示的實施例中,相位延遲區610包含複數個子延遲區611。每一個子延遲區611較佳係對應於液晶層200中的一個子畫素,亦即在垂直液晶層200的方向上彼此對位。上述的子畫素係可指一個完整畫素中的不同顏色區塊,或是指畫素中某一顏色區塊中不同配相的一個象限區域。在本實施例中,一個常白畫素252中可具有多個子畫素260,且同一常白畫素252中相鄰的子畫素260可以具有相同或垂直的液晶配向方向261。此處所述子畫素260的液晶配向方向較佳係指由液晶層200中上基板211或下基板 213所含配向層給予液晶分子230錨定能的排列方向。如圖5所示,每個子延遲區611具有第一慢軸651,且對應於同一畫素的相鄰子延遲區611的第一慢軸651均為同一方向。第一慢軸651係與下偏光層300的第一光吸收軸301或上偏光層500的第二光吸收軸501呈40度至50度間之夾角。較佳而言,第一慢軸651係與第一光吸收軸301或第二光吸收軸501垂直。此外,第一慢軸651亦可與所對應子畫素260的配向間呈40度至50度間之夾角或與子畫素260的配向相平行。當第一慢軸651與所對應子畫素260的配向垂直或呈40度至50度間的夾角時,即可使通過子畫素260及子延遲區611後的光線產生超前或延遲1/2波長的效果。
在本實施例中,由於相位延遲區610中相鄰的子延遲區611中所具有的第一慢軸651均為同向,因此在相位延遲波片層600的製作上較為省時省工。藉由此一設計,子延遲區611可藉由相位延遲或超前的效果,在上偏光層500及下偏光層300之間將原本應出射的光線阻擋下來,或使原本應阻擋下來的光線出射。換言之,可使顯示面上特定位置原本為常黑的畫素設置,變更為常白的畫素設置,而使該位置在不施加電壓於液晶層200時允許光線通過。
此外,液晶分子的旋轉控制可能無法完全達到理想值,例如在對某一畫素施加7V的電壓時,液晶分子可能只會旋轉至使光線超前至接近1/2波長。為了能減少加上相位延遲波片層600產生的色偏,本實施例中子延遲區611之光程補償值較佳介於(λ/2)-20nm至(λ/2)+20nm之間,其中λ介於450-650nm之間。換言之,此處所使用的1/2波片對於每一子延遲區611的實際波長調變值均有一定程度的容忍範圍,而非限定一定要為準確的1/2波 長。
圖6所示為本發明之另一實施例。在本實施例中,每一個子延遲區611同樣對應於液晶層200中的一個子畫素,亦即在垂直液晶層200的方向上彼此對位。在本實施例中,一個常白畫素252中可具有多個子畫素260,且同一常白畫素252中相鄰的子畫素260可以具有彼此垂直的液晶配向方向。相鄰的二子延遲區611分別具有相正交的第一慢軸651及第二慢軸652。第一慢軸651及第二慢軸652較佳分別與所對應子畫素260的液晶配向方向垂直或夾40度至50度之間的夾角。此外,第一慢軸651係與下偏光層300的第一光吸收軸301或上偏光層500的第二光吸收軸501呈垂直或夾40度至50度間之夾角。當第一慢軸651或第二慢軸652與所對應子畫素260的配向垂直或呈40度50度間的夾角時,即可使通過子畫素260及子延遲區611後的光線產生延遲1/2波長的效果。
相較於前一實施例,由於每一子延遲區611的慢軸均與對應之子畫素260的液晶配向垂直,因此均會對通過的光線產生延遲1/2波長的效果;換言之,液晶分子230對光線產生的調變效果和子延遲區611對光線產生的調變效果會相抵銷。因此,即便因液晶分子的旋轉控制無法達到理想值,仍可減少產生色偏的狀況。
如上所述,為了能減少加上相位延遲波片層600產生的色偏,本實施例中子延遲區611之光程補償值較佳介於(λ/2)至(λ/2)+20nm之間,其中λ介於450-650nm之間。換言之,此處所使用的1/2波片對於每一子延遲區611的實際波長調變值均有一定程度的容忍範圍,而非限定一定要為準確的1/2波長。
圖7所示為本發明顯示裝置中相位延遲區610之一設置實施例。如圖7所示,相位延遲區610係形成為特定的圖案「AUO」。背光模組100具有第一區110對應於相位延遲區610的位置處。當不施加電壓於液晶層200,例如顯示裝置關機或在休眠狀態時,第一區110仍會產生背光覆蓋相位延遲區610所形成特定圖案的全部範圍。此時,由於顯示面上相位延遲區610所對應的位置允許光線通過,因此背光即可經由相位延遲區610及上偏光層500而出射,以顯示出特定圖案「AUO」。
在此實施例中,背光模組100係為側入式的配置,而特別於導光板130的背部加設直下式光源150(例如發光二極體),以形成為第一區110。然而在不同實施例中,背光模組100亦可直接採用直下式的設置,而以部分點亮(Local Dimming)的方式來形成第一區110。此外,即便未於背光模組100設置第一區110來提供光源,亦可以半穿反射的設置方式,以反射光來提供所需的背光;或以部分透明的設計,以後方的環境光來提供所需的背光。
圖8所示為本發明顯示裝置中相位延遲區610之另一設置實施例。在本實施例中,相位延遲區610係形成為靠近於顯示面底部的寬帶,而背光模組100則具有形成為特定圖案「AUO」的第二區120與相位延遲區610形成的寬帶區域相對。在較佳實施例中,第二區120的特定圖案可以發光二極體或其他光源排列形成。當不施加電壓於液晶層200,例如顯示裝置關機或在休眠狀態時,第二區120產生背光即可經由相位延遲區610及上偏光層500出射,以顯示特定圖案「AUO」。
在圖9所示的實施例中,相位延遲波片層600係設置於下偏光 層300朝向液晶層200的一面。如同前述設置於上偏光層500的實施例,相位延遲波片層600與下偏光層300可先分別製成,再以光學膠將兩者貼合。顯示裝置中其餘部分的設置基本上沿用前述的其他實施例,在此不再贅述。
在圖10所示的實施例中,相位延遲波片層600可形成於液晶層200的上基板211或下基板213上。在此實施例中,係直接以上基板211或下基板213為相位延遲波片層600的基板,再將相位延遲區610及非相位延遲區630施作於其上。以此實施例而言,因無對位貼合的問題,因此在製程上較為簡便。然而在不同實施例中,亦可先單獨製成相位延遲波片層600後再貼合至上基板211或下基板213上,仍可具有相同的對位準確性。
本發明已由上述相關實施例加以描述,然而上述實施例僅為實施本發明之範例。必需指出的是,已揭露之實施例並未限制本發明之範圍。相反地,包含於申請專利範圍之精神及範圍之修改及均等設置均包含於本發明之範圍內。

Claims (15)

  1. 一種顯示裝置,包含:一背光模組,具有一出光側;一液晶層,設置於該出光側;一下偏光層,設置於該液晶層朝向該背光模組之一側;一上偏光層,設置於液晶層相反於該下偏光層之一側;以及一相位延遲波片層,設置於該下偏光層及該上偏光層之間;其中,該相位延遲波片層包含一相位延遲區及一非相位延遲區,該相位延遲區與該液晶層之一部分投影重疊;其中,當不施加電壓於該液晶層時,該背光模組與該相位延遲區對應之部分產生之背光或一環境光穿過該下偏光層後經該相位延遲區進行相位延遲或超前後至少部分穿過該上偏光層。
  2. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中當不施加電壓於該液晶層時,該下偏光層、該液晶層及該上偏光層中分別對應於該非相位延遲區的部分共同形成常黑(normally black)的組成配置。
  3. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該相位延遲區包含一1/2波片。
  4. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,進一步包含一影像處理模組控制該液晶層;其中,該液晶層包含:複數個常白(normally white)畫素,分別對應於該相位延遲區;以及複數個常黑畫素,分別對應於該非相位延遲區;其中,該影像處理模組接收一原始影像訊號;將該原始影像訊號中對應於該常白畫素的部分影像訊號進行階數反轉處理而成為一反轉影像訊號;並根據該反轉影像訊號及該原始影像訊號中未反轉的部分分別控制該些常白畫素及該常黑畫素。
  5. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該相位延遲區包含複數個子延遲區,每一該子延遲區具有一第一慢軸,該第一慢軸與該上偏光層之光吸收軸或該下偏光層之光吸收軸呈40度至50度間之夾角。
  6. 如請求項5所述之顯示裝置,其中該子延遲區之光程補償值介於(λ/2)-20nm至(λ/2)+20nm之間,其中λ介於450-650nm之間。
  7. 如請求項5所述之顯示裝置,其中該上偏光層之光吸收軸或該下偏光層之光吸收軸正交。
  8. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該相位延遲區包含複數個子延遲區,相鄰之二該子延遲區分別具有相正交的一第一慢軸及一第二慢軸,該第一慢軸與該上偏光層之光吸收軸或該下偏光層之光吸收軸呈40度至50度間之夾角。
  9. 如請求項8所述之顯示裝置,其中該子延遲區之光程補償值介於λ/2nm至(λ/2)-20nm之間,其中λ介於450nm至650nm之間。
  10. 如請求項8所述之顯示裝置,其中該上偏光層之光吸收軸或該下偏光層之光吸收軸正交。
  11. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該相位延遲區係形成為一特定圖案,該背光模組具有一第一區;當不施加電壓於該液晶層時,該第一區產生之背光覆蓋該特定圖案之全部範圍,並經由該相位延遲區及該上偏光層出射以顯示該特定圖案。
  12. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該背光模組具有形成為一特定圖案之一第二區;當不施加電壓於該液晶層時,該第二區產生之背光經由該相位延遲區及該上偏光層出射以顯示該特定圖案。
  13. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該相位延遲波片層係設置於該上偏光層朝向該液晶層之一面。
  14. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該相位延遲波片層係設置於該下偏光層朝向該液晶層之一面。
  15. 如請求項1所述之顯示裝置,其中該液晶層包含:一下基板;一液晶分子層,設置於該下基板相反於該下偏光層之一側;以及一上基板,設置於該液晶分子層相反於該下基板之一側;其中,該相位延遲波片層係設置於該下基板或該上基板上。
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