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TW201720462A - 生物載體 - Google Patents

生物載體 Download PDF

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TW201720462A
TW201720462A TW104141093A TW104141093A TW201720462A TW 201720462 A TW201720462 A TW 201720462A TW 104141093 A TW104141093 A TW 104141093A TW 104141093 A TW104141093 A TW 104141093A TW 201720462 A TW201720462 A TW 201720462A
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biological carrier
drug
foot
target
energy
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TW104141093A
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鄭益慶
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昱程科技股份有限公司
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Priority to TW104141093A priority Critical patent/TW201720462A/zh
Priority to US15/211,853 priority patent/US10046051B2/en
Priority to DE102016114208.5A priority patent/DE102016114208A1/de
Publication of TW201720462A publication Critical patent/TW201720462A/zh

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Abstract

一種生物載體及其使用方法，該生物載體包含一由一碳纖維所製成的底層，並具有磁性與一第一極性；一定位標靶，結合於該底層，用以被一能量場引導而移動至該目標位置；以及一腳位，以其一端結合於該定位標靶，而以其另一端與該藥物結合，且該腳位具有一第二極性，與該第一極性相反；該腳位於生物體內被生物體辨識後代謝。使用方法包含：注射該生物載體至生物體內；利用一儀器將該生物載體定位於生物體內的一目標位置，其中該儀器提供一能量場；以及利用一外來能量將該藥物自該生物載體釋放；藉此，該藥物可於該目標位置作用。

Description

生物載體及其使用方法
本發明係與不含有效成分之醫藥用載體有關；特別是指一種生物載體及其使用方法。
對於任何藥物治療，皆會面臨藥物副作用的問題，尤其如癌症化療藥物，其毒性之高不僅對癌細胞造成傷害，也容易使患者的免疫系統遭受巨大的損害。於是近年來，新興的標靶藥物及藥物傳遞系統問世，試圖將藥物直接遞送至病灶，進而降低藥物在體內所造成之多餘的傷害及病患可能產生的不良反應。
然而，即使藥物能較為精準的送達病灶附近，人體某些部位的構造仍然會使得藥物難以確實抵達該些部位，以腦部為例，其腦膜與血管間有一天然的血腦障蔽（blood-brain-barrier；BBB），使得藥物不易滲透進腦部以產生作用，實際上，僅有不到20%的藥物可滲透進腦部，甚至有些化學物質完全無法通過，而使得腦部病變的醫治存在許多困難。
是以，針對該些藥物難以抵達的部位之病變，申請人致力於尋求其他可用的材料與方法作為藥物載體，試圖提高藥物進入目標部位的效率，並減低藥物對病患造成的不良反應。
有鑑於此，本發明之目的在於提供一種生物載體及其使用方法，可將藥物較為精確地傳送至生物體內的特定位置。
緣以達成上述目的，本發明提供的一種生物載體，用以裝載一藥物並傳送該藥物至生物體內的一目標位置，包括有一底層、一定位標靶以及一腳位。該底層係由一碳纖維所製成，並具有磁性與一第一極性；該定位標靶結合於該底層，用以被一能量場引導而移動至該目標位置；該腳位以其一端結合於該定位標靶，而以其另一端與該藥物結合，其中該腳位具有一第二極性，與該第一極性相反；該腳位於生物體內被生物體辨識後代謝。
本發明另提供一種生物載體之使用方法，其中該生物載體與一藥物結合，包含以下步驟：Ａ、注射該生物載體至生物體內，其中該生物載體包含一奈米石墨；Ｂ、利用一儀器將該生物載體定位於生物體內的一目標位置，其中該儀器提供一能量場；以及Ｃ、利用一外來能量將該藥物自該生物載體釋放；藉此，該藥物可於該目標位置作用。
本發明之效果在於，藉由該包含有奈米石墨的生物載體，加上該腳位之可被該外來能量打斷且可被生物體辨識後代謝的特性，該藥物可被釋放並作用於一明確的目標位置，其中包含藥物普遍不易到達的部位。
為能更清楚地說明本發明，茲舉一較佳實施例並配合圖式詳細說明如後。請參圖１所示，為本發明第一較佳實施例之生物載體100，用以裝載一藥物1並傳送該藥物1至生物體內的一目標位置，包含有以氧化奈米石墨10為例的一底層、以磁珠20為例的一定位標靶，以及以聚乙二醇（polyethylene glycol；PEG）30為例的一腳位。
該氧化奈米石墨10係由一碳纖維所製成，其中該碳纖維即一碳纖維織物（carbon fiber fabric），本案申請人已於中華民國專利公告號第I445661公開其碳化方法及使用之碳化裝置，故容此不加贅述。本實施例該氧化奈米石墨10的製作是先將該碳纖維進一步以1600℃至2500℃或3000℃的高溫碳化成具有類鑽石（diamond like carbon）特性之一奈米石墨；該奈米石墨具極性，且其結構穩定而不易與其它物質結合，故在進入生物體後不會被消化。接著，使該奈米石墨表面鍵結複數個氧化基團後即為該氧化奈米石墨10；和氧化前相比，該氧化奈米石墨10的極性及導電性較該奈米石墨低，而更為穩定。此外，該氧化奈米石墨10具有磁性與一第一極性。當然，於其他實施例中，該底層也可以是未經氧化前的該奈米石墨，其中該奈米石墨可以是單層或是兩層以上的結構。
該定位標靶係用以被一能量場引導而移動定位至該目標位置；於該第一實施例中，該磁珠20磁性吸附於該氧化奈米石墨10上。該磁珠20的作用在於，當一儀器例如一核磁共振儀提供以一磁場為例的能量場時，該磁珠20可隨著該磁場的移動而使得該生物載體100被定位於該目標位置。此外，該定位標靶亦能增加該生物載體100的體積而使得該生物載體100較易於被生物體代謝，詳而言之，該定位標靶能避免該奈米石墨或該氧化奈米石墨因體積過小，使得肺泡無法過濾而堆積在生物體肺部的問題。
該腳位的一端結合於該定位標靶，而以其另一端與該藥物1結合，其中該腳位具有一第二極性，與該底層的第一極性相反。繼續配合圖１所示，於第一實施例中，該聚乙二醇30的一端結合於該磁珠20，另一端與該藥物1結合。該聚乙二醇30的極性及帶電性與該氧化奈米石墨10相反，用以弱化該氧化奈米石墨10的極性與導電性，以更加提升該生物載體100的穩定性。
而該腳位的主要功能係用以接收一外來能量後斷裂，而使得該藥物1自該生物載體100上釋放至該目標位置作用，其中該外來能量包含紅外線、微波、雷射、超音波，或與紅外線波長及能階相近的不可見光，例如遠紅外線。使用者可根據該目標位置於生物體內的深度選取適當的外來能量型態；在該第一實施例中，該外來能量係紅外線。此外，該腳位亦為一生物標記（biomarker），而能於生物體內被生物體辨識後代謝。
上述第一實施例之生物載體100實際運用在病患治療時，係依循如圖２所示之以下步驟：首先，以靜脈注射的方式使該生物載體100及結合於其上的藥物1被攝入病患體內；接著利用核磁共振儀提供的磁場將該生物載體100及該藥物1定位至該目標位置，即病灶；最後以一紅外線使該腳位斷裂，即能使得該藥物1自該生物載體100釋放至該目標位置作用。另外一提的是，該紅外線除了能使該腳位斷裂外，其能量聚集所產生的熱能亦有助於使該病灶的病變細胞死亡。
於第二較佳實施例之生物載體的使用方法中，該定位標靶係以一正子放射藥劑 代替，常用的正子放射藥劑包含氟化去氧葡萄糖（2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose；FDG）。而為配合該定位標靶的型態，用以定位該生物載體的儀器為一正子電腦斷層造影儀（positron emission tomography scanner），此系統係利用癌症細胞具有葡萄糖代謝增加的特性以偵測腫瘤的病變。
於第三較佳實施例之生物載體的使用方法中，該定位標靶則是以一高能量狀態的質子代替；而此實施例中的儀器為一質子放射治療儀，且該能量場包含一磁場與一電場，此系統係透過對癌細胞放出輻射，以達到摧毀癌細胞的目的。而其中該磁場係用以將該質子定位於該目標位置；該電場則是用以加速質子。
當然，本案該定位標靶及對應使用的儀器不以前述三個實施例中所提的技術特徵為限。
另外一提的是，奈米石墨堪稱目前全世界最薄且最堅硬的奈米材料，應用在生物載體上，能有效的降低本案該生物載體的體積，而上述各該實施例之生物載體之整體最大直徑小於200nm，對於過去藥物較難以抵達的部位，例如胰臟以及外部隔有血腦屏障的腦部。是以，本案生物載體尤可用於治療過去較難醫治的胰臟癌及腦部病變，無疑是醫療材料的一個新選擇。
以上所述僅為本發明較佳可行實施例而已，舉凡應用本發明說明書及申請專利範圍所為之等效變化，理應包含在本發明之專利範圍內。
［本發明］
1‧‧‧藥物
100‧‧‧生物載體
10‧‧‧氧化奈米石墨
20‧‧‧磁珠
30‧‧‧聚乙二醇
圖１係本發明一較佳實施例生物載體之立體圖。 圖２為本發明上述較佳實施例生物載體之使用方法流程圖。
無
1‧‧‧藥物
100‧‧‧生物載體
10‧‧‧氧化奈米石墨
20‧‧‧磁珠
30‧‧‧聚乙二醇

Claims (15)

  1. 一種生物載體，用以裝載一藥物並傳送該藥物至生物體內的一目標位置，包含有： 一底層，係由一碳纖維所製成，並具有磁性與一第一極性； 一定位標靶，結合於該底層，用以被一能量場引導而移動至該目標位置；以及 一腳位，以其一端結合於該定位標靶，而以其另一端與該藥物結合，其中該腳位具有一第二極性，與該第一極性相反；該腳位於生物體內被生物體辨識後代謝。
  2. 如請求項1所述之生物載體，其中該底層包含一奈米石墨，係由該碳纖維碳化而來。
  3. 如請求項1所述之生物載體，其中該底層包含一氧化奈米石墨，係先由該碳纖維碳化成一奈米石墨後，再使該奈米石墨表面鍵結複數個氧化基團者。
  4. 如請求項2或3所述之生物載體，其中該定位標靶包含一具有磁性的磁珠，而該能量場包含一磁場。
  5. 如請求項2或3所述之生物載體，其中該定位標靶包含一正子放射藥劑。
  6. 如請求項5所述之生物載體，其中該正子放射藥劑包含一氟化去氧葡萄糖。
  7. 如請求項2或3所述之生物載體，其中該定位標靶包含一高能量狀態的質子，而該能量場包含一磁場與一電場。
  8. 如請求項1所述之生物載體，其中該腳位接受一外來能量後斷裂，而使得該藥物被釋放至該目標位置。
  9. 如請求項8所述之生物載體，其中該腳位包含一聚乙二醇。
  10. 一種生物載體之使用方法，其中該生物載體與一藥物結合，包含有以下步驟： Ａ、注射該生物載體至生物體內，其中該生物載體包含一奈米石墨； Ｂ、利用一儀器將該生物載體定位於生物體內的一目標位置，其中該儀器提供一能量場；以及 Ｃ、利用一外來能量將該藥物自該生物載體釋放； 藉此，該藥物可於該目標位置作用。
  11. 如請求項10所述生物載體之使用方法，其中該外來能量包含紅外線、微波、雷射或超音波。
  12. 如請求項11所述生物載體之使用方法，其中該生物載體包含一腳位，其一端與該藥物連結，而另一端與該奈米石墨連結，且該腳位接受該外來能量後斷裂，而使得該藥物被釋放至該目標位置；該腳位於生物體內被生物體辨識後代謝。
  13. 如請求項10所述生物載體之使用方法，其中該生物載體包含一磁性物質，與該奈米石墨連結；該儀器包含一核磁共振儀，且該能量場包含一磁場。
  14. 如請求項10所述生物載體之使用方法，其中該生物載體包含一正子放射藥劑，與該奈米石墨連結；該儀器包含一正子電腦斷層造影儀。
  15. 如請求項10所述生物載體之使用方法，其中該生物載體包含一高能量狀態的質子，與該奈米石墨連結；該儀器包含一質子放射治療儀，且該能量場包含一磁場與一電場。
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