TW201629588A - Contrast enhancement sheet and display device comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A display device for an image display unit configured to generate an image using an array of pixels emitting light. The display device may include a transparent substrate, such as a glass substrate, and a light-absorbing layer. The transparent substrate has an input side facing the image display unit and an output side opposed to the input side. The light-absorbing layer may be disposed on the output side of the transparent substrate. In addition, the light-absorbing layer may include an array of apertures extending through the light-absorbing layer and configured to allow the light emitted from the array of pixels to pass through.

Description

Comparative reinforcing sheet and display device including the same

This application claims the benefit of priority to US Provisional Application Serial No. 62/078,719, filed on November 12, 2014, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

This disclosure relates generally to display devices and optical sheets for display devices, and more particularly to display devices including contrast enhancement sheets that are configured to produce high brightness and high contrast. image.

Conventional liquid crystal display (LCD) devices generally include a light source, an LCD panel, a light guide, and one or more optical films disposed between the light source and the LCD panel. Light emitted by the light source is modified by the light guide and optical film and passes through the LCD panel to produce an image viewable by the viewer. The diffuser film diffuses the light emitted by the light source to assist in uniformly illuminating the LCD panel over the entire surface of the LCD panel. LCD devices typically have an output brightness or luminance of about 400 cd/m ² .

New displays incorporating organic light-emitting diode (OLED) light sources have potential in terms of brightness and power efficiency of the display. However, OLED pixels are usually whitish in color, surrounded by circuit lines and supported by an electronic backplane, and circuit lines and electronic backplanes are Ambient light that can be incident on the display is highly reflective. As a result, OLED displays are less effective in bright ambient light conditions as ambient light tends to reflect from internal components and may wash out light that would be emitted from the OLED display. In particular, ambient light may result in reduced light contrast resulting from the reflectivity of these display components.

Display devices and contrast enhancement sheets for display devices are disclosed herein.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a display device having an image display unit configured to generate an image using an array of pixels that emit light. The display device can include an array of glass substrates, light absorbing layers, and focusing elements. The glass substrate may have an input side facing the image display unit and an output side opposite to the input side. The light absorbing layer may be disposed on the output side of the glass substrate. The light absorbing layer can comprise an array of apertures extending through the light absorbing layer and configured to allow light emitted by the array of self-pixels to pass through the array of apertures. An array of focusing elements can be disposed on the input side of the glass substrate. The individual focusing elements of the array of focusing elements can have a focal length substantially equal to the thickness of the glass substrate.

The present disclosure also relates to a display device including a transparent substrate and a light absorbing layer. The transparent substrate may include an input side facing the image display unit and an output side opposite to the input side. The light absorbing layer can be attached to the output side of the transparent substrate. The light absorbing layer can comprise an array of apertures extending through the light absorbing layer, and the array of apertures is configured to allow arrays of self-pixels The emitted light passes through an array of apertures. The substantially apertures of the array of apertures may be centered on different pixels of the array of pixels of the image display unit. The light absorbing layer can comprise an array of micro-louvers, wherein a space between individual micro-louvers of the array of micro-louvers can form an array of the apertures.

Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in the following embodiments, and are apparent from the embodiments or the practice of the methods described herein. It will be apparent that the methods described herein include the following embodiments, the scope of the claims, and the accompanying drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following embodiments of the present invention The drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and the drawings are incorporated in this specification and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the drawings are used to explain the principles and operation of the present disclosure.

5‧‧‧ Viewers

10‧‧‧ display device

14‧‧‧Display device

16‧‧‧ display device

19‧‧‧ display device

20‧‧‧ display device

30‧‧‧Backlight unit

32‧‧‧Uncollimated light

40‧‧‧ Collimation unit

42‧‧‧ Collimated light

50‧‧‧Image display unit

51‧‧‧Image display unit

52‧‧‧Photos

55‧‧‧ pixels

57‧‧‧ pixel width

59‧‧‧Encapsulation layer

60‧‧‧ transparent cover

100‧‧‧Comparative enhancement film

101‧‧‧Comparative enhancement film

102‧‧‧ Input side

108‧‧‧Output side

100‧‧‧Comparative enhancement film

110‧‧‧ glass substrate

112‧‧‧First substrate

114‧‧‧second substrate

120‧‧‧ Focusing components

121‧‧‧ Focusing components

152‧‧‧ Output light

180‧‧‧Light absorbing layer

181‧‧‧Light absorbing layer

182‧‧‧Light absorbing layer

190‧‧‧ aperture

191‧‧‧Circular aperture

192‧‧‧ aperture

195‧‧‧ aperture width

200‧‧‧Comparative enhancement film

202‧‧‧ Input side

208‧‧‧ output side

210‧‧‧Glass substrate/transparent substrate

280‧‧‧Light absorbing layer

281‧‧‧Micro-blinds

282‧‧‧The narrowest micro-louver part/tip of the micro-louver

285‧‧‧Width

287‧‧‧Micro-louver surface

289‧‧‧The widest louvered window section

290‧‧‧ aperture

295‧‧‧Interval/Aperture Width

297‧‧‧ notch

The drawings are provided to assist in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the drawings are only provided to illustrate the embodiments and the limitations of the embodiments.

The first embodiment of FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG 2 is a plan view of the embodiment prior to the light absorbing layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG 3 is a plan view of before the light absorbing layer embodiment according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 4A is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a display device of the microlenses focusing element according to an example of the present disclosure.

Figure 4B is a schematic side view of the display device of Figure 4A beam paths of the various embodiments illustrated according to an exemplary embodiment of a pixel of light of the present disclosure.

FIG 5 is a plot of the output pixel pattern of the light intensity of the embodiment according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG 6 is a front plan view of an embodiment having a portion of the display device of the microlenses focusing element according to an example illustrative of the present disclosure.

FIG 7 is a plan view of the embodiment prior to a display device having a convex lens shape (crossed-lenticular) intersecting the light absorption layer and the focusing element according to an example of the present disclosure.

Figure 8 is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated a perspective view of a display device of FIG. 7 after the light absorbing layer of a convex lens-like cross-focusing elements.

A schematic side view of the display device of the lenticular shape Fig. 9 is a exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light-absorbing layer comprising of FIG. 7 and intersecting the focusing elements, illustrating the various beam paths of light pixels.

FIG 10 is a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the pattern of the polarity of the output light intensity of FIG display device by the focusing element comprises a convex lens-shaped light-absorbing layer of FIG. 7 and cross the transmitted representation.

FIG 11 is a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the graphical output of pixel display light focusing means is a convex lens-like element comprising a light-absorbing layer of FIG. 7 and cross the transmitted intensity of the showing of FIG.

FIG. 12A is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a display device according to an exemplary micro-shutters of the present disclosure.

12B is a section of FIG. 12A to FIG. 12B at the surface relief (Relief) FIG.

FIG 12C is a schematic side view of the display device of FIG. 12A of the various beam paths of the light of a pixel illustrated exemplary embodiment according to the present disclosure.

FIG 13A, FIG 12A is a comparative example of the first embodiment of the reinforcing sheet according to a plan view after the example of the present disclosure.

FIG 13B is a perspective view of the reinforcing sheet after the first comparative example of FIG. 13A according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG 14 is a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the output pixel pattern of light comprises a light absorbing layer 12A and a display device of FIG micro-shutters of the transmitted intensity of the showing of FIG.

Various embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, References to specific examples and implementations are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure or the scope of the claims. Designed without departing from the scope of this disclosure Alternative embodiment. In other instances, well-known elements of the present disclosure are not described in detail or in order to avoid obscuring the details of the disclosure.

As used herein, the term "display device" means a display panel (ie, a screen) of an electronic device having an image display unit, such as a handset, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal or mobile multimedia player. , personal digital assistant, laptop, personal computer, tablet, smart book, palmtop computer, wireless email receiver, multimedia internet function mobile phone, wireless game controller, wearable device (eg, wrist mountable), televisions, and similar personal electronic devices that include a programmable processor, memory, and electronic circuitry for generating visual images using an image display unit on a display device.

The term "image display unit" means an electronic device that is incorporated into a display device that is configured to produce a visual representation from the material in the form of an image. The image display unit can generate an image using an array of pixels, the array of pixels being configured to emit light corresponding to an appropriate visual presentation from the material.

As used herein, the term "glass substrate" means a glazing or glass layer, other elements may be applied to the glazing or glass layer, or the glazing or glass layer may be treated. According to various embodiments, the glass substrate may comprise a glass sheet, a chemically reinforced or treated glass, a laminated glass sheet and/or a composite material comprising ceramic and/or glass with an additive. According to various exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, the glass substrate can include a glass article having a high thickness range Up to about 20 mm, such as up to about 10 mm, up to about 5 mm, up to about 1 mm, up to about 750 μm, up to about 500 μm, up to about 400 μm, up to about 300 μm, up to about 250 μm, up to about 150 μm, or up to about 100 μm. By way of example, the thickness of the glass substrate can range from about 1 [mu]m to about 20 mm, from about 10 [mu]m to about 10 mm, from about 100 [mu]m to about 5 mm, or from about 75 [mu]m to about 300 [mu]m. Further, the glass substrate may have a refractive index between 1.39 and 1.70. Furthermore, the glass substrate can be flexible enough to bend to a radius of less than or equal to about 10", such as less than or equal to about 8" or less than or equal to about 6". For example, the glass substrate can be flexible It is sufficient to bend to a radius of about 2" or about 1⁄2". Additionally, or alternatively, the glass substrate can be flexible enough to bend to a radius of about 1⁄2" or about 10". For example, the glass substrate can be self-contained. Eagle XG®, Gorilla® Glass, or Willow® Glass (all registered trademarks of Corning Corning's glass products) are formed. Thus, as described herein, useful glass substrates can optionally be flexible.

As used herein, the term "transparent substrate" means an article that allows light to pass through. The transparent substrate can be formed from a polymeric material and/or glass and can comprise one or more substrates made of polymer, glass or other suitable transparent material. For example, the transparent substrate can comprise a transparent sheet, a laminated transparent sheet, and/or a composite material comprising one or more polymers, ceramics, and/or glass with additives.

As used herein, the term "aperture" means the space or gap through which light can pass in an article or layer. The aperture can optionally be made of a transparent material Filled with material, the transparent material provides a physical barrier but is considered an optical opening because the transparent material allows light to pass through. The aperture may comprise a filter element, a polarizing element or other element that changes the passage of light.

According to various example embodiments, the display device includes an image display unit and a contrast enhancement sheet adjacent to the image display unit. The image display unit can include an array of pixels, the array of pixels being configured to emit light for generating an image. The contrast enhancing sheet may include a glass substrate and a light absorbing layer. The glass substrate may have an input side facing the image display unit and an output side opposite to the input side. The light absorbing layer can be attached to the output side of the glass substrate. The light absorbing layer can comprise an array of apertures extending through the light absorbing layer and configured to allow light emitted by the array of self-pixels to pass through the array of apertures. Optionally, the aperture of the array of apertures can be centered over different pixels of the array of pixels of the image display unit.

In some embodiments, the display device can include a contrast enhancement sheet that includes a focusing element. As used herein, the term "focusing element" means an optical element configured to adjust the focus of a beam of light, or an optical element configured to direct a beam of light in a particular direction (eg, toward an aperture). In various embodiments, a contrast enhancing sheet having a focusing element is incorporated into the display device. For example, one or two dimensional array of focusing elements can be disposed on the input side (display light input side) of the glass substrate. In various embodiments, the contrast enhancing sheet can comprise a light absorbing layer (for example, an opaque black material designed to absorb light) disposed on an output side of the glass substrate opposite the input side (facing User). An array of apertures can be formed in the light absorbing layer and extended through light absorption Floor. The individual apertures of the array of apertures can be aligned directly above one or more of the light emitters from the image display. In various embodiments, the focusing elements and apertures may be in a one-to-one correspondence with one another and in one-to-one correspondence with the light emitters.

In various embodiments, light from the OLED can be incident on an array of focusing elements, and each focusing element focuses light through an aperture in the light absorbing layer. For example, each focusing element can bring light to a focus at a plane that coincides with the light absorbing layer. In an exemplary embodiment, the focusing element includes a microlens focusing element that produces a focus spot that is substantially the same size and/or shape as the individual apertures of the array of apertures. The size of the focus point may be smaller than the size of the OLED output due to demagnification from the microlens. In another embodiment, the focusing element includes a convex mirror-like focusing element that shapes the focus of the OLED output in a lateral line. The width of the side lines that are focused in this manner may be less than the width of the OLED output due to the reduction of the convex mirror-like focusing elements. In this way, light is brought to the focus at the aperture and allowed to pass through the aperture for viewing by the device user. For example, the value of the magnification of the focusing element can range from about 0.1 to about 1, for example, from about 0.02 to about 0.2.

In various embodiments, ambient light, such as room light, daylight, diffused outdoor light, etc., may fall incident on the display device (for example, from the output side). The ambient light may first fall onto the light absorbing layer having the aperture. Most ambient light may be absorbed by the light absorption layer (for example, lose The side is absorbed. Certain ambient light may pass through the aperture to the transmitter (and accompanying electronic circuitry) and may be reflected back to the viewer (for example, via Fresnel reflection or glare). However, most of the light of this reflected light may be incident on the light absorbing layer (for example, the input side) and absorbed.

FIG 1 is a schematic side view of an exemplary embodiment of apparatus 10 of FIG. The display device 10 includes a backlight unit 30, a collimation unit 40, an image display unit 50, and a contrast enhancement sheet 100. It will be understood that adjacent components of the display device 10 may be attached to each other (for example, by an optically transparent adhesive), secured within a bezel or frame (with or without an air gap therebetween), or by another A suitable coupling mechanism is coupled.

The backlight unit 30 includes one or more light sources, each of which is configured to emit light. For example, the light source includes a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a halogen lamp, a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, or another suitable light source. In certain example embodiments, backlight unit 30 includes a plurality of LEDs and/or OLEDs disposed in a two-dimensional (2D) array. In a further exemplary embodiment, backlight unit 30 includes a light bar adjacent the light guide, and the light strip includes a column of LEDs and/or OLEDs (eg, a one-dimensional array). The light strip emits light and enters the edge of the light guide sheet, and the light guide sheet disperses the light and emits light from the surface of the light guide sheet. In some embodiments, backlight unit 30 emits non-collimated light 32.

The collimation unit 40 may be placed adjacent to the backlight unit 30 such that light emitted from the backlight unit is incident on the collimation unit. Collimation unit 40 It is configured to collimate the light emitted by the backlight unit 30. For example, the non-collimated light 32 emitted from the backlight unit 30 passes through the collimating unit 40 to form the collimated light 42. The collimating unit 40 can include a Fresnel lens or another suitable collimating device. For example, in some embodiments, the collimation unit 40 includes an array of Fresnel lenses.

Although the collimating unit 40 illustrated in the example of FIG. 1 and shown in the non-limiting embodiment is separate from the backlight unit 30, the present disclosure encompasses other embodiments. In a further example embodiment, the collimating unit may be integrally formed with the backlight unit. For example, the output surface of the backlight unit includes an integrated collimation unit. In still further example embodiments, the backlight unit can be configured to emit collimated light. Therefore, the backlight unit and the collimation unit can be combined into a collimated backlight unit.

The image display unit 50 can be placed adjacent to the collimating unit 40 such that the collimated light 42 emitted from the collimating unit is incident on the image display unit. Image display unit 50 includes an array of pixels 55. For example, the array of pixels 55 includes a 2D array with suitable x-scale and y-scale to display the desired image size. Each display pixel of the array of pixels 55 includes a light valve that is configured to control light through the light valve. For example, image display unit 50 can include an LCD panel, and the array of pixels 55 includes an array of LCD cells. Each LCD cell is configured to turn on and off to control the passage of light through the LCD cell. In this way, the LCD cell can act as a shutter mechanism with individual pixels blocking or passing light. By combining light guides, light from a light source, such as an LED or cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) tube, can be converted from a point or line to a rectangular form factor that conforms to the panel (form Factor). In some embodiments, each display pixel of the array of pixels 55 is divided into a plurality of sub-pixels, each sub-pixel being associated with a dedicated display color component (for example, red, green, or blue). Color images can be produced by using adjacent red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels. The cymbal can also be used to increase the forward brightness. In addition, color filters can be used on individual pixels to add color or change the output color. In some embodiments, collimated light 42 passes through an array of pixels 55 to form pixel light 52; for example, cooperate to produce a visual image. In some embodiments, image display unit 50 includes one or more polarizing layers (for example, an input polarizer and an output polarizer).

Relative to the conventional display device, the light emitted by the backlight unit 30 is collimated by passing the light through the image display unit 50 (for example, by placing the collimation unit 40 between the backlight unit and the image display unit) ) can help increase the intensity or brightness of the visible image. Thus, in some embodiments, the display device 10 includes at least about 500cd / m output luminance or luminance of ^2, such as at least about 600cd / m ^2, at least about 700cd / m ^2, at least about 800cd / m ^2, at least about 900cd / m ^2, at least about of 1000 cd / m ^2, at least about 1100cd / m ^2, at least about 1200cd / m ^2, at least about 1300cd / m ^2, at least about 1400cd / m ^2, or at least about 1500cd / m ^2. In addition, or alternatively, the display device 10 includes an output luminance or luminance of at most about 3000cd / m ² or up to about 2000cd / m ² of.

Although the image display unit 50 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is described as including a plurality of pixels 55, each pixel 55 includes a light valve; However, the present disclosure covers other embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the image display unit can include a plurality of pixels, each of which includes an OLED or a plasma cell. Therefore, the pixels themselves illuminate to produce a visible image. In such embodiments, the backlight unit can be omitted. Additionally or alternatively, the collimating unit may be omitted, or the collimating unit may be placed in the optical path of the image display unit (for example, between the image display unit and the contrast enhancing sheet).

The contrast enhancement sheet 100 can be placed adjacent to the image display unit 50 such that light emitted from the image display unit 50 is incident on the contrast enhancement sheet 100. The contrast enhancement sheet 100 can include a glass substrate 110 having an input side 102 facing the image display unit 50 and an output side 108 opposite the input side 102. Input side 102 can include an array of focusing elements 120. Output side 108 can include a light absorbing layer 180 disposed on a glass substrate.

According to various example embodiments, the light absorbing layer 180 may be formed of a laser ablatable material or a dye-impregnated photoresist material. Moreover, the optical density of the light absorbing layer can range up to about 7, for example from about 1 to about 6, such as from about 1.5 to about 3, for example about 2. In various embodiments, the thickness of the light absorbing layer 180 can range from about 0.01 [mu]m to about 10 mm, such as from about 0.1 [mu]m to about 5 mm, or from about 0.5 [mu]m to about 1 mm. The light absorbing layer may be attached or bonded to the glass substrate 110 by a suitable method such as, for example, by directly applying a thermosetting resin onto the glass substrate 110. Alternatively, the light absorbing layer may be bonded to the transparent cover 60, and the transparent cover 60 is placed adjacent to the glass substrate 110 such that the light absorbing layer is disposed on the output side of the glass substrate. Transparent cover 60 Help protect and/or support the contrast reinforcement from the outside. As a further alternative, the light absorbing layer can be bonded to a transparent film (for example, a glass or polymer film) configured to be applied to the glass substrate 110 such that the transparent film is between the glass substrate 110 and the light absorbing layer .

The light absorbing layer 180 can include an array of apertures 190 that extend through the light absorbing layer 180 and are configured to allow light emitted from the array of pixels 55 to pass through the light absorbing layer. The array of apertures 190 can be substantially in registration (i.e., corresponding) with an array of pixels 55. For example, the individual pixels of the array of pixels 55 can be axially aligned with the corresponding individual apertures of the array of apertures 190 based on a one-to-one basis. Alternatively, a column of pixels or a group of pixels from the array of pixels 55 can be substantially registered with a particular one or more apertures of the array of apertures 190. Moreover, the individual apertures of the array of apertures 190 can be substantially registered with the array of focusing elements 120. For example, the individual focusing elements of the array of focusing elements 120 can be axially aligned with the corresponding individual apertures of the array of apertures 190 based on a one-to-one basis. Alternatively, a column of focusing elements or a set of focusing elements of an array of focusing elements 120 can be substantially registered with a particular one or more apertures of the array of apertures 190.

According to various embodiments, the individual apertures of the array of apertures 190 may have a geometry that faces the array of pixels 55 and/or may have a geometry when viewed from the outside of the display device 10. The geometry of the aperture 190 can be square, rectangular, triangular, circular, elliptical, another suitable shape, or a combination of these.

According to various example embodiments, the array of focusing elements 120 may include microlenses that are configured to direct pixel light 52 incident on the input side of contrast enhancing sheet 100 to an array of apertures 190. The focal length of the individual focusing elements of the array of focusing elements 120 can be substantially equal to the thickness of the glass substrate 110. As such, the focal length of the array of focusing elements 120 can be substantially equal to the thickness of the glass substrate ranging from 0% up to about 15% of the thickness of the glass substrate 100, such as, for example, from 0% to about 5%, or alternatively from about 3% to about 12%, such as from about 5% to about 10%. For example, the focal length of the array of focusing elements 120 can range from about 100 [mu]m to about 150 [mu]m, such as about 120 [mu]m. By matching the focal length of the array of focusing elements 120 to the thickness of the glass substrate 100, the size of the individual apertures of the array of apertures 190 can be minimized, which in turn blocks more ambient light from passing through the array of apertures 190.

180 of FIG. 2 is an example of a light absorbing layer 190. array aperture plane view of the embodiment, each aperture 190 has an elongated rectangular shape. The elongated rectangular shape can extend at least partially across the width and/or length of the contrast reinforcing sheet. Thus, the elongated aperture can be aligned with a convex mirror lens (i.e., an elongated cylindrical or non-cylindrical lens) or a spherical microlens (i.e., a light focusing element having rotational symmetry) or an aspheric microlens. Registration and alignment. The width of the elongated apertures can all be the same. Alternatively, the width of the elongated aperture can vary spatially, such as in embodiments that use a convex mirror shaped focusing element. For example, the width of the elongated aperture can be smaller between several OLEDs and larger at the location on top of the OLEDs (at the intersection of the apertures). For example, an array of apertures can include a connection path between nodes and adjacent nodes placed on top of or aligned with the OLEDs. The node can be a relatively wide portion of the aperture and the connection path can be a relatively narrow portion of the aperture.

181 of FIG. 3 is another exemplary embodiment of the light absorbing layer is a plan view of the embodiment, the light absorbing layer 181 has a circular aperture 191 formed therein. In this exemplary embodiment the aperture has a circular shape and is dispersed with respect to the width and/or length of the contrast enhancement sheet. Therefore, the circular aperture can be aligned with the circular microlens. In various embodiments, the shape and/or placement of the apertures is registered with the configuration and/or placement of the microlenses.

In various exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the focusing element 120 can be a microlens. The microlens can be configured as a convex mirror lens, a hemispherical lens, an aspheric lens, another suitable lens shape, or a combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the microlens is configured as a convex mirror lens that extends at least partially across the width and/or length of the contrast enhancement sheet. In other embodiments, the microlenses are configured as spherical lenses that are dispersed with respect to the width and/or length of the contrast enhancement sheet. The microlenses may have rotational correspondence, such as those formed by hemispherical or concave shapes. Alternatively, the microlenses may have different prescriptions or may be astigmatic along different axes (for example, up and down directions relative to side to side directions). As a further alternative, the microlens can have a cylindrical (or non-cylindrical) prescription with no curvature in one of the directions.

In some embodiments, the focusing elements 120 can be mounted together on the glass substrate 110 or on the glass substrate 110 such that The microlens or convex mirror lens is axially aligned with the optical axis of one or more pixels of the array of pixels 55. In other embodiments, the focusing element 120 can be disposed slightly off-axis with respect to individual pixels of the array of pixels 55. This off-axis configuration can change the emission profile of the light exiting the display device 10. The placement of the apertures (i.e., alignment) in the light absorbing layer 180 can also be offset.

Although the focusing element 120 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is described as including microlenses, the present disclosure encompasses other embodiments. In some embodiments, for example, the focusing element can include a mirror. One or more of the mirrors may optionally be configured as a parabolic reflecting cavity, and the mouth of the cavity (for example, the wider end) faces the image display unit and passes through the opening formed by the parabolic reflecting cavity The mouth is opposite (for example, at the narrower end) and the opening is aligned with the corresponding aperture of the light absorbing layer 180.

The contrast enhancement sheet 100 and the backlight unit 30 can be configured such that an array of focusing elements 120 is disposed between the backlight unit and the light absorbing layer 180. Thus, input side 102 includes the input surface of contrast enhancement sheet 100, and output side 108 includes the output surface of the contrast enhancement sheet. Light passing through the image display unit 50 enters the contrast enhancement sheet 100 via the input side 102 and exits the contrast enhancement sheet via the output side 108 to penetrate the visible image viewed by the viewer 5. In various embodiments, image display unit 50 and contrast enhancement sheet 100 can be configured such that one or more focusing elements 120 receive pixel light 52 and focus pixel light 52 as a corresponding aperture 190 through the contrast enhancement sheet. Output light 152. For example, by The plurality of pixel lights 52 penetrated by the image display unit 50 can be focused by the array of focusing elements 120 as output light 152 on the array of apertures 190 such that the output light 152 passes through an array of apertures 190 in the light absorbing layer 180. To allow the visible image to penetrate through the light absorbing layer 180 for viewing by the viewer 5.

Ambient light (for example, from the sun, room illumination, or another light source) can contact the contrast enhancement sheet 100 from the viewing side. In other words, ambient light from outside the display device 10 may contact the output side 108 of the contrast enhancement sheet 100. The light absorbing layer 180 absorbs the ambient light of the light absorbing layer contacting the outer side of the aperture 190. This absorption of ambient light can increase the contrast of display device 10 (for example, because ambient light does not interfere with light emitted as a visible image from the contrast enhancement sheet). Thus, in at least some example embodiments, it may be desirable to have a relatively small area occupied by the aperture 190. In certain embodiments, the aperture 190 can occupy from greater than 0% to about 40% of the surface area of the light absorbing layer 180, such as from about 5% to about 20%, for example from about 10% to about 15%. In further example embodiments, the aperture 190 can occupy up to about 30% of the surface area of the light absorbing layer 180. Thus, a significant portion of the surface area of the light absorbing layer 180 can be occupied by the light absorbing material to absorb ambient light and increase the contrast of the display device 10.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the contrast enhancing sheet 100 includes a glass substrate 110. Such a glass substrate can promote improved dimensional stability (for example, a reduction in deformation due to environmental conditions such as changes in temperature and/or humidity) compared to a polymer substrate. Such improved dimensional stability can help maintain the array and aggregation of pixels under varying environmental conditions. Alignment between arrays of focal elements. In other embodiments, the glass substrate 110 can comprise a composite of glass and other materials, and/or a multilayer glass article. In still other embodiments, a substrate formed from a polymeric material or another suitable material may be used in place of, or in addition to, the glass substrate 110 from a polymeric material or another suitable material. The substrate.

In various embodiments, a resin layer can be deposited on the surface of the glass substrate 110 to form an array of focusing elements 120, such as by using a UV curable resin applied by a casting method. According to various embodiments, an array of focusing elements 120 may be formed using a micro-replication process, an embossing process, or another suitable forming process. In other embodiments, an array of focusing elements can be formed directly on the glass substrate 110. For example, an array of focusing elements can be formed by processing the surface of the glass substrate 110. In some embodiments, the light absorbing layer 180 includes a resin layer disposed on a surface of the glass substrate 110 opposite the array of focusing elements 120. The resin of the light absorbing layer 180 may include a resin material having a high optical density (for example, a black matrix resin). Further, the array of the apertures 190 in the light absorbing layer 180 may be filled with a transparent resin that allows light to pass through the transparent resin. For example, the transparent resin can be an acrylate such as silicone or urethane and has a refractive index ranging from about 1.5 to about 1.59. Alternatively, the light blocking element of the light absorbing layer 180 can be arrayed with a filled aperture The same transparent resin is formed, but impregnated with black or opaque particles that are useful to block light.

Although the contrast enhancing sheet 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is described as including a substrate having the focusing element 120 and the light absorbing layer 180 disposed on opposite surfaces, the present disclosure encompasses other embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the contrast enhancing sheet may include a first substrate and a second substrate, the focusing element is disposed on a surface of the first substrate, and the light absorbing layer is disposed on a surface of the second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate may be placed adjacent to each other to form a contrast enhancing sheet. For example, the first substrate and the second substrate may be placed adjacent to each other such that the light absorbing layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Alternatively, the first substrate and the second substrate may be placed adjacent to each other such that the second substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the light absorbing layer.

According to various embodiments, display device 10 may include a transparent cover 60. The transparent cover 60 may include a glass substrate (for example, soda lime glass, and alkali aluminosilicate glass, and/or alkali aluminoborosilicate glass), A polymer substrate (for example, polycarbonate) or another suitable substrate. The transparent cover may be disposed on an outer surface of the display device 10. The transparent cover 60 can comprise a substantially planar (e.g., planar sheet) or non-planar (e.g., curved sheet) configuration. In certain embodiments, the transparent cover 60 can include an anti-glare (AG) and/or anti-reflective (AR) coating on the outer surface of the transparent cover. The transparent cover 60 can include reinforcement (for example In other words, thermally strengthened, mechanically strengthened and/or chemically strengthened glass, the reinforced glass can help protect other components of the display device 10 from scratches and/or cracks. Additionally, the transparent cover 60 can have a textured surface, such as a relief diffuser that can reduce glare from ambient light.

Figure 4A and Figure 4B is a schematic side view of a further exemplary embodiment of apparatus 14 of FIG. The display device 14 includes an image display unit 51 and a contrast enhancement sheet 100. It will be understood that adjacent components of display device 14 may be attached to each other (for example, by optically transparent adhesive), within a bezel or frame (with or without an air gap therebetween). Or coupled by another suitable coupling mechanism.

The image display unit 51 includes an array of pixels 55, each of which includes an OLED. The image display unit 51 may include an encapsulation layer 59 disposed between at least a portion of the image display unit 51 (eg, an array of pixels 55) and the contrast enhancement sheet 100. The pixels of the array of pixels 55 can emit pixel light 52 to collectively produce a visible image of display device 14. The encapsulation layer 59 can be a glass substrate.

The contrast enhancement sheet 100 of the display device 14 can include an array of light absorbing layers 180 having an array of apertures 190 and focusing elements 120. The pixels of the array of pixels 55 can be substantially registered with the individual focusing elements of the array of focusing elements 120 and/or with the apertures of the array of apertures 190. For example, the optical axis of each pixel can be axially aligned with the optical axis of the corresponding focusing element and/or the center of the aperture. Further, the contrast enhancing sheet 100 may include a glass substrate formed from two substrates. As a result, An array of focusing elements 120 can be formed on the first substrate 112, and a light absorbing layer 180 can be formed on the second substrate 114, and then the two substrates 112, 114 can be connected (ie, adjacent to each other). One or both of the first substrate 112 and the second substrate 114 may be a glass substrate.

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass is much lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polymer, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass is similar to the coefficient of thermal expansion of other components of the image display unit, such as the encapsulation layer 59. As such, using the contrast enhancement sheets according to various embodiments herein, the various components of the image display unit and the contrast enhancement sheet can expand and contract substantially in accordance with changes in environmental conditions. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass substrate can range from about 0 ppm/° C. to about 10 ppm/° C., such as from about 2 ppm/° C. to about 5 ppm/° C., for example from about 3 ppm/° C. to about 4 ppm/° C. In this way, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass substrate can match or substantially match the thermal expansion coefficient of the connecting member (for example, the encapsulating layer). For example, the glass substrate has a coefficient of thermal expansion within about 0% to about 20% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the encapsulating layer, such as from about 5% to about 10%, for example, from about 6% to about 8%. In yet another embodiment, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass substrate can be matched or substantially matched to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the connecting member, in the range from about 0% to about 10%, in the range from about 0% to about 5%. Within or from about 0% to about 2%. Similarly, expansion or change (i.e., hydrometric expansion coefficient) between the glass substrate and other components (e.g., encapsulation layer 59) due to the dimensional characteristics of humidity can be closely matched. The use of a glass substrate in the contrast enhancement sheets of various embodiments thus provides improved dimensional stability. Such a The focusing elements and apertures disposed on the glass substrate can be substantially aligned with the OLEDs corresponding to the focusing elements and apertures under broad variations in temperature and/or humidity.

According to various exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, the aperture width 195 can vary but will be generally wide enough to allow sufficient amount of light from the pixel light 52 to pass. For example, the aperture width 195 can range from about 20 mm wide, such as from about 1 μm to about 10 mm, for example from about 10 μm to about 100 μm or from about 100 μm to about 5 mm. FIG. 4A illustrates how one of the pixels of the array of pixels 55 can be substantially registered with one of the focusing elements of the array of focusing elements 120 and one of the apertures of the array of apertures 190. In this way, the central beam of the pixel light 52 can be directed from the pixels of the array of pixels 55 through the central portion of the focusing element and the aperture to reach the viewer 5. FIG. 4B illustrates how the plurality of beams of pixel light 52 can travel through display device 14. For purposes of illustration, in Figure 4B, for a continuous pixel of an array of across pixels 55, the beams of pixel light 52 are depicted in alternating colors (dark gray and black). Although the plurality of beams of the pixel light 52 are blocked by the light absorbing layer 180, the array of focusing elements 120 directs most of the light of the pixel light 52 through an array of apertures 190, such as from about 20% to about 90% of the pixel light. For example, about 40% to about 60%.

5 is a graphical view of the device 14 by one pixel OLED light emitted by a focusing element and an aperture of the output intensity of FIG. FIG. 4A shows a second example of a display shown in FIG. 4B. In particular, Figure 5 is a measurement of four beams at different angles (i.e., 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) incident on the input side of the light absorbing layer (for example, 180). A rectangular candela distribution of the output intensity of the output. The beam output at 0° is represented by a solid line, and the beam output at 90° is represented by a dashed line. Beam output measurements at 45° and 135° are substantially the same and are therefore indicated using the same solid line. The vertical axis measures the light intensity measured in watts per square (W/sr). The horizontal axis measures an angular angle of 0° from -90° to +90° at the center.

FIG 6 is a second embodiment of the display portion 16 a schematic front plan view of another exemplary embodiment of the apparatus. The display device 16 includes an image display unit and a contrast enhancement sheet. From the front view of display device 16, the array of pixels 55 from the image display unit can only be seen through portions of the array of apertures 190 in light absorbing layer 180. In addition, the light absorbing layer 180 of the contrast enhancing sheet is shown to be transparent for ease of illustration to present an array of focusing elements 120 disposed behind the light absorbing layer 180 but in front of the array of pixels 55. An array of pixels 55 is visible through a transparent array of focusing elements 120.

7 is a view of another exemplary embodiment of the display device 19 prior to the plan view, the display device 19 having an array of focusing element 121 and the light absorbing layer 182. Light absorbing layer 182 includes an array of apertures 192, and an array of apertures 192 forms a grid pattern in light absorbing layer 182. In this embodiment, the individual apertures of the array of apertures 192 are linear and have two sets of parallel columns that intersect each other. Each of the apertures 192 or at least portions of the apertures 192 can be substantially centered over the individual focus elements of the array of focusing elements 121. The array of focusing elements 121 can be crossed convex mirror-like microlenses (for example, semi-cylindrical or non-cylindrical lenses). Thus, the intersection of the apertures 192 can be substantially aligned with the peaks of the intersecting convex mirror-like microlenses. In other embodiments, the intersection of the apertures may be substantially aligned with the registration of the spherical or aspherical microlenses.

Figure 8 is a perspective view after the comparison 100 of FIG. 7 reinforcing sheet. The array of focusing elements 121 is depicted as an array of intersecting convex mirror-like microlenses. The intersecting convex mirror-like microlenses may comprise two portions of overlapping microlenses and portions of non-overlapping microlenses (ie, a combination of microlenses). Alternatively, different intersecting convex mirror-like microlenses may be used that contain only portions of the overlapping microlenses (ie, the intersection of the microlenses). In addition to the alternative crossed convex mirror-like microlenses, an alternative light absorbing layer (for example, Figure 3) can also be used. An array of focusing elements 121 is disposed on the input side of the first substrate 112. Further, the light absorbing layer 182 is disposed on the output side of the second substrate 114. An array of apertures 192 extends through the light absorbing layer 182 and is configured to allow light from the image display device pixels to pass. Light absorbing layer 182 can comprise a resin material that fills an array of apertures 192 to form a continuous layer. Alternatively, the light absorbing material can be deposited as a pattern on the second substrate 114 leaving a space between the light absorbing materials to form an array of apertures 192. As a further alternative, a transparent cover (for example, 60 in Fig. 1) may be added on the output side of the light absorbing layer 182.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment of how the plurality of beams of pixel light 52 from a single OLED may travel through the display device 19 of FIG. The display device 19 includes an image display unit 51 and a contrast enhancement sheet 101. The image display unit 51 includes an array of pixels 55, each of which includes an OLED. The image display unit 51 may include an encapsulation layer 59 disposed between at least a portion of the image display unit 51 (eg, an array of pixels 55) and the contrast enhancement sheet 101. One or more pixels of the array of pixels 55 can emit pixel light 52 to collectively produce a visible image of display device 19. While the plurality of beams of the pixel light 52 are blocked by the light absorbing layer 181, the array of focusing elements 121 directs most of the light of the pixel light 52 through the array of apertures 192. As shown in this example embodiment, the contrast enhancing sheet 101 can include a glass substrate 110, a light absorbing layer 181 having an array of apertures 192, and an array of focusing elements 121. In some embodiments, the light absorbing layer is thinner than the glass substrate. The array of focusing elements 121 can include intersecting convex mirror-like microlenses, such as shown in Figure 8, a convex mirror-like microlens, a spherical microlens, an aspherical microlens, or a combination thereof. The central axes of the pixels of the array of pixels 55 can be substantially registered with the central focus portion of the individual focusing elements of the array of focusing elements 121 and substantially in registration with the center of the aperture of the array of apertures 192. As such, the array of focusing elements 121 directs most of the light of the pixel light 52 through the array of apertures 192.

FIG 10 is a first exemplary embodiment of the OLED is emitted by a contrast enhanced by a sheet (for example, 101) a polar pattern of FIG intensity of the output light of the cross-shaped convex mirror focusing element representation. In particular, Fig. 10 is a candle (Iso-Candela) diagram using the polarity of a light beam incident on the input side of the light absorbing layer (for example, 180) through an aperture. As represented by the pattern strip on the left, the light intensity is measured in watts per square (W/sr). The number around the circular chart measures the angular position of 360° relative to the center of an OLED. The intensity pattern of the plain light verifies the broad and fairly uniform distribution of light that transitions from bright to dark.

Figure 11 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a device 19 of the pixel OLED light emitted through the output intensity pattern of FIG one aperture and a focusing element in the display section 9 in FIG. In particular, Figure 11 is a measurement of four beams at different angles (i.e., 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) incident on the input side of the light absorbing layer (for example, 181). A rectangular candlelight distribution of the output intensity of the output. The beam output at 0° is represented by the solid line and the beam output at 90° is represented by the dashed line. The beam output measurements at 45° and at 135° are substantially the same and are therefore indicated using the same solid line. The vertical axis measures the light intensity measured in W/sr. The horizontal axis is measured at a center of 0° from -90. Angle of incidence to +90°.

According to various example embodiments described herein, an adhesive layer can be placed between the encapsulation layer (for example, 59) and the focusing element (for example, 120) to compare the contrast enhancement sheet (for example, 100). Bonded to the display unit. The binder can have a relatively low refractive index. For example, the adhesive can include an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

In various embodiments, an anti-reflective coating can be applied to the output surface of the light absorbing layer or a transparent protective layer atop the light absorbing layer to reduce glare (eg, Fresnel reflection) and reduce possible reflections to the viewer. The amount of ambient light. The diffuser can be placed at the optical transmission component of the system, in the optical transmission component of the system, or on the optical transmission component of the system The optical transmission component comprises one or more adhesive layers (if present) between the encapsulation layer and the focusing element, a glass substrate, a pore size or any material present in the aperture (for example, a filter or a binder) ), or in a protective material (if present) mounted on top of the light absorbing layer. The diffusers can be essentially surface-relief or bulk.

Various example embodiments can include a contrast enhancement sheet comprising a microstructure added to or incorporated into the contrast enhancement sheet. In various embodiments, a contrast enhancing sheet having a microstructure can be incorporated into a display device. A contrast enhancing sheet according to various embodiments may comprise a light absorbing layer comprising a microstructure in the form of an array of micro louvers. An array of transparent apertures can be formed between the micro louvers. The individual apertures of the array of transparent apertures can be substantially aligned directly above one or more of the light emitters from the image display. The light absorbing material forming the micro-louver can absorb most of the ambient light while allowing most of the display device pixel light to be output at a relatively high contrast.

According to various example embodiments, the micro louver may have a triangular (eg, acute triangle) profile with a large aspect ratio. The micro-louvers can be placed in a grid pattern and the openings between the micro-louvers are substantially aligned with the corresponding pixels of the pixel array.

According to various example embodiments, light is emitted from the OLED and the OLED light passes through the encapsulation layer and the substrate layer until the OLED light reaches the array of micro-louvers. At the array of micro-louvers, the emitted OLED light can pass through the aperture between the micro-louvers without being incident on the sidewalls of the micro-louver (ie, not attenuated), or the emitted OLED light can be incident directly on the sidewalls of the micro-louver. Light passing between the micro-louvers can then exit the contrast enhancing sheet and be viewable by the user. The emitted OLED light incident on the micro-louver can be refracted into the micro-louver (if the incident angle of the OLED light is less than or equal to the critical angle) where the OLED light will be absorbed or the OLED light will be reflected (for example Return to the aperture between the micro-louvers by total internal reflection (TIR) (if the angle of incidence of the OLED light is greater than the critical angle). If the light is reflected, the final light can pass through the aperture and exit the contrast enhancing sheet and can be viewed by the user.

On the other hand, ambient light from the outside of the display device can be evenly distributed over the entire display surface, and light that is not incident on the aperture between the micro-louvers can be absorbed by the substrate of the micro-louver. Some ambient light that may be incident on the aperture may pass through the aperture and may be partially reflected (ie, internally reflected) by the OLED or circuit trace. This internally reflected light can be directed to the viewer. However, according to various embodiments, when the internally reflected light passes through the contrast enhancing sheet, some of the light of the internally reflected light may be incident on the micro-louver and absorbed by the micro-louver. As a result, most of this unfavorable light (for example, internally reflected ambient light) is absorbed and very little light is reflected back to the viewer.

It should also be noted that for optimal contrast enhancement, the optical axis of the aperture in the light absorbing layer may coincide with the optical axis of the OLED. In addition, alignment of the axis can be maintained over a wide range of temperature levels and humidity levels. Conversely, if the substrate of the contrast enhancement sheet is made of a polymer material, because the contrast enhancement sheet is compared to other components of the display (for example, the OLED structure and / or encapsulation layer) will expand and contract to a greater extent, and the alignment of the axis may not be maintained at temperature and humidity.

FIG. 12A through FIG. 12C is a display apparatus 20 of another non-limiting embodiment of a schematic side view. The display device 20 includes an image display unit 51 and a contrast enhancement sheet 200. It will be appreciated that adjacent components of display device 20 may optionally be attached to each other (for example, by optically clear adhesive), within a bezel or frame (with or without intervening air gaps therebetween) Air gap), or coupled by another suitable coupling mechanism.

The image display unit 51 includes an array of pixels 55, each of which includes an OLED. The image display unit 51 may include an encapsulation layer 59 disposed between at least a portion of the image display unit 51 (eg, an array of pixels 55) and the contrast enhancement sheet 200. One or more pixels of the array of pixels 55 can emit pixel light 52 to collectively produce a visible image of display device 20. The encapsulation layer 59 can be a glass substrate.

The contrast reinforcing sheet 200 includes a glass substrate 210 and a light absorbing layer 280. The transparent substrate 210 has an input side 202 facing the image display unit 51 and an output side 208 opposite to the input side. The output side 208 includes a light absorbing layer 280 disposed on the transparent substrate 210. For example, the light absorbing layer 280 can be bonded to the transparent substrate 210, such as by a casting method using a UV curable resin. The transparent substrate 210 can be a polymer, glass or other suitable transparent material. Light absorbing layer 280 includes a light absorbing material that forms a microstructure, which is referred to herein as micro louver 281. In addition, the light absorbing layer 280 further includes a transparent aperture between the micro louvers 281 An array of 290 and an array of transparent apertures 290 extend through the light absorbing layer 280.

The light absorbing layer 280 can be formed by applying a transparent resin to the transparent substrate 210. For example, the transparent resin includes an acrylate resin or other suitable thermosetting resin and has a refractive index ranging up to about 2, such as, for example, from about 1 to about 1.7, or from about 1.4 to about 1.6. For example, from about 1.5 to about 1.59. An array of notches 297 (Fig. 12B) may be formed on the output side of the transparent resin (i.e., facing the viewer 5). Each of the notches 297 can include a tapered profile including the widest notch portion on the output side and opposite the widest portion toward the input side (ie, toward the image display unit 51) The narrowest notch part. Spacers 295 may be formed between the notches 297 to form an array of transparent apertures 290 distributed between the array of notches 297. The array of notches 297 can be formed using a casting process in which the narrowest notches (each having a V-profile) are formed in a transparent plastic resin. As such, each recess 297 will have a depth that extends from the output side toward the input side, and a widest width 285. The narrowness of the recess 297 can mean that the depth is substantially greater than the width 285, such as greater than from about 100% to about 1000%.

An array of micro-louvers 281 can be formed in the array of notches 297. In particular, an array of micro-louvers 281 can be formed by filling an array of notches 297 with a light absorbing material. As such, a plurality of individual louvers 281 can be formed corresponding to each of the recesses 297. Thus, as with the tapered profile of the recess 297, each of the micro-louvers 281 can also have a class a tapered profile (for example, a V-profile), and the widest micro-louver portion 289 (i.e., the substrate) faces the output side, and the narrowest micro opposite to the widest micro-louver portion 289 The shutter portion 282 (i.e., the point) faces the input side. Extending between the narrowest micro-louver portion 282 and the widest micro-louver portion 289 is a steeply sloped micro-louver surface 287. The array of micro-louvers 281 may comprise a black or opaque black material having an optical density ranging up to about 2, such as from about 1 to about 6, such as from about 1.5 to about 3, for example about 2.0. Further, the micro-louver 281 can be formed of a material having a refractive index that substantially matches the refractive index of any surrounding transparent resin to minimize ambient light reflection from the side of the micro-louver. In at least some embodiments, the lower the refractive index of the material within the micro-louver 281 can be such that the light TIR is maximized at the sidewalls of the micro-louver and the light emitted by the image display unit is maximized.

The tapered profile of the individual micro-louver 281 may allow light that is incident on the steeply sloped surface of the micro-louver 281 to be refracted (assuming that the angle of incidence of the light is less than the critical angle) and absorbed. The notch 297 and the corresponding micro-louver 281 can be made to have a higher aspect ratio, which can result in more ambient light being absorbed. However, if the micro-louver 281 is made less steep, the required OLED light may also be reduced, and the brightness is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider the trade-off between brightness and ambient light rejection in the design.

The notches of the array of notches 297 are shown extending completely through the light absorbing layer 280. However, in various further embodiments, the notches The depth of each of the notches of the array need not extend all the way through the light absorbing layer 280. As such, the tip 282 of each of the micro-louvers 281 may not reach the transparent substrate 210. Moreover, although the tip 282 is illustrated as coming to a sharp point, the tip 282 can be either blunt, truncated, linearly curved, rounded (ie, radiused), and/or combinations thereof.

The array of apertures 290 can be configured to allow pixel light 52 from the array of pixels 55 to pass through an array of apertures 290. The apertures of the array of apertures 290 may be centered over different pixels of the array of pixels 55 of image display unit 51. The central axes of the pixels of the array of pixels 55 can be registered with the center of the aperture of the array of apertures 290. The aperture width 295 (Fig. 12B) can vary, but should be wide enough to allow sufficient light of the pixel light 52 to pass through the aperture. For example, the aperture width 295 can range from about 20 mm wide, such as from about 1 μm to about 10 mm, from about 10 μm to about 100 μm, or from about 100 μm to about 5 mm. Figure 12A illustrates how one of the pixels of the array of pixels 55 is substantially in registration with one of the apertures of the array of apertures 290. In this way, the center beam of the pixel 52 can be directed from the pixels of the array of pixels 55 through the central portion of the aperture to the viewer 5.

According to various example embodiments, the components of image display unit 51 and contrast enhancement sheet 200 may expand and contract substantially in accordance with changes in environmental conditions. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the transparent substrate can range from about 0 ppm/°C to 20 ppm/°C, such as from about 1 to 10 ppm/°C or from about 2 to 5 ppm/°C. In this way, the thermal expansion coefficient of the transparent substrate can be selected to be high with the thermal expansion coefficient of the connecting member (for example, the encapsulating layer 59). A match or substantial match in the range of up to about 20%, such as from about 5% to about 10%, for example, from about 6% to about 8%. In yet another embodiment, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the transparent substrate can be selected to match the coefficient of thermal expansion of the connecting member from about 0% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 2%. Similarly, between the transparent substrate and other components (e.g., encapsulation layer 59), the dimensional feature expansion or change due to humidity (i.e., liquid specific gravity expansion coefficient) can be closely matched. The use of a glass substrate as a transparent substrate of various embodiments can provide improved dimensional stability. Thus, in accordance with various embodiments, an OLED disposed on a transparent substrate and having an aperture corresponding to the apertures maintains substantial alignment under widely varying temperature and/or humidity variations.

In various embodiments, the output surface of the contrast enhancing sheet 200 can be attached or bonded to a transparent layer that protects and supports the contrast enhancing sheet 200. Moreover, the percentage of the output surface area occupied by the substrate of the micro-louver 281 can range from about 5% to about 99%, such as from about 10% to about 90%, or from about 15% to about 85, of the total surface area of the contrast enhancing sheet 200. %. In still further embodiments, the amount of optical power transmitted from display device 20 through contrast enhancement sheet 200 can range from about 35% to about 99%, such as from about 40% to about 95% or from about 45% to about 90%.

FIG. 12C illustrates how the plurality of beams of the pixel light 52 travel through the display device 20. Although the plurality of beams of the pixel light 52 are blocked by the micro-louver 281 of the light absorbing layer 280, most of the light of the pixel light 52 passes through the array of apertures 290.

13A is a plan view of FIG. 20 after the display device of FIGS. 12A through 12C of FIG. The section line 12A-12A corresponds to the side view of Fig. 12A. The contrast enhancement sheet 200 of display device 20 includes a glass substrate (not visible) and a light absorbing layer 280 having an array of micro louvers 281 and an array of apertures 290 therebetween. The micro-louver 281 can be elongate and extend in a row across the contrast reinforcing sheet 200 in a longitudinal length and in a crisscross pattern. The micro-louver 281 includes a widest micro-louver portion 289, the narrowest micro-louver portion 282 ending in a ridge, and a sloped micro-louver surface 287 extending between the portion 289 and the portion 282. The widest micro-louver portion 289 can range up to about 250 [mu]m, such as, for example, up to about 200 [mu]m wide or about 100 [mu]m wide, such as, for example, from about 1 [mu]m to about 100 [mu]m or from about 10 [mu]m to about 50 [mu]m. . Moreover, the height of the micro-louver (from the narrowest micro-louver portion 282 to the widest micro-louver portion 289) can range up to about 100 mm, such as up to about 5 mm or up to about 1 mm, for example, the height can range from From about 10 μm to about 1 mm or from about 100 μm to about 500 μm. The aperture 290 can have a geometric shape that is square in plan view. The square aperture can be substantially aligned with the individual pixels of the array of pixels 55. The width 295 of the apertures may all be the same or may vary. The width of the aperture 290 may be slightly wider or smaller than the pixel width 57 of the pixel of the array of pixels 33. Alternatively, the width 295 of the aperture may be smaller or spatially variable than the pixel width 57 of the pixel. As a further alternative, instead of having aperture 290 on the optical axis of the pixel, aperture 290 may be slightly off-axis to change the emission profile of the light exiting the display device. This misalignment can be maintained under temperature and humidity variations.

FIG 13B is a comparison of FIG. 13A, a perspective view after the reinforcing sheet 200. The contrast enhancement sheet 200 includes an array of transparent substrates 210 and a light absorbing layer 280 having an array of micro louvers 281 and an aperture 290 interposed therebetween. The micro-louver 281 extends as a steep ridge toward the pixel light 52 from an array of pixels (not shown). The micro-louver 281 includes a widest micro-louver portion 289 disposed at the bottom of the figure, a narrowest micro-louver portion 282 ending with a peak, and a sloped micro-louver surface 287 extending therebetween. The apex angle of the micro-louver 281 can range up to about 30°, such as up to about 25°, for example, from about 1° to about 20° or from about 5° to about 15°. The transparent resin material filled in the open space not occupied by the micro louver 281 is illustrated as a gray dot area. Alternatively, the narrowest micro-louver portion 282 (ie, the pointing end) can be oriented away from the array of pixels and thus toward the viewer. As a further alternative, although the slanted micro louver surface 287 is illustrated as being planar, the slanted micro louver surface 287 can be curved, segment linear, or a combination thereof. The sloped micro-louver surface 287 can have a flat or rough surface.

Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the display device of FIGS. 12A through 12C of FIG. 20 is a pixel by the light emitted by the OLED is represented by a graphical output aperture of the focusing element and an intensity of FIG. In particular, Figure 14 is a view of four beams measured at different angles (i.e., 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) incident on the input side of the light absorbing layer (for example, 280). A rectangular candlelight distribution of the output intensity of the output. The beam output at 0° is represented by a solid line, and the beam output at 90° is represented by a dashed line. Beam output measurements at 45° and 135° are substantially the same and are therefore indicated using the same solid line. The vertical axis measures the light intensity measured in W/sr. The horizontal axis measures the angle of incidence from 0° to -90° to +90° at the center.

As a further alternative embodiment of the micro-louver array, rather than a two-dimensional array of micro-louvers, the scope of the present disclosure also encompasses a one-dimensional array of micro-louvers.

In some embodiments, the contrast enhancing sheet comprises a glass substrate having an input side and an output side opposite the input side. The light absorbing layer is disposed on the output side of the glass substrate. The light absorbing layer includes an array of apertures that extend through the light absorbing layer and are configured to allow light emitted from an array of pixels of the image display unit to pass through the array of apertures. An array of focusing elements is disposed on the input side of the glass substrate. The individual focusing elements of the array of focusing elements have a focal length substantially equal to the thickness of the glass substrate.

It will be appreciated that the various disclosed embodiments may be related to the specific features, elements or steps described in connection with the particular embodiments. It is also to be understood that the particular features, elements, or steps may be described in the various embodiments or combinations of the various features, components Or steps are combined with alternative embodiments.

It will also be understood that the terms "a" and "an" as used herein mean "at least one" and should not be limited to "the only one" unless It is true that the opposite is true. Thus, for example, reference to "aperture" encompasses instances of such "aperture" having two or more than two, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, "plural" or "array" is intended to mean "more than one". Thus, an "array of apertures" includes two or more such apertures, such as three or more apertures, and the like, and "plurality of apertures" includes two or more such apertures, such as three or more Multiple apertures, etc.

Ranges may be expressed herein from "about" a particular value and/or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is indicated, the instance includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation, by using the antecedent "about", it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that it is important that the endpoints of each of the ranges are associated with another endpoint and are independent of the other endpoint.

As used herein, the terms "substantial", "substantially" and variations thereof are intended to mean that the stated feature is equal to or approximately equal to a value or description. For example, "substantial part" is intended to indicate an amount that is of considerable importance, size or value.

The method of any method contained herein is not to be construed as requiring a Therefore, when a method request does not actually describe the order in which the steps of the method are followed, or does not specifically describe the steps in the scope of the application or the description of the invention, the steps are not limited in any way. order.

The use of the terms "comprises" or "comprises" or "comprises" or "comprises" Those embodiments described. Thus, for example, for a device comprising A+B+C, an implied alternative embodiment includes an embodiment of a device consisting of A+B+C and an implementation of a device consisting essentially of A+B+C example.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The present disclosure is to be considered as included in the scope of the appended claims, as it is apparent to those skilled in the <RTIgt; Everything in the category and its equals.

19‧‧‧ display device

51‧‧‧Image display unit

52‧‧‧Photos

55‧‧‧ pixels

59‧‧‧Encapsulation layer

101‧‧‧Comparative enhancement film

110‧‧‧ glass substrate

121‧‧‧ Focusing components

181‧‧‧Light absorbing layer

192‧‧‧ aperture

Claims (21)

A display device for an image display unit, the image display unit configured to generate an image using an array of pixels of emitted light, the display device comprising: a glass substrate having an input side and a On the output side, the input side faces the image display unit, and the output side is opposite to the input side, and the thickness of one of the glass substrates ranges up to about 300 μm; a light absorbing layer, the light absorbing layer is disposed on the output of the glass substrate In the side, wherein the light absorbing layer comprises an array of apertures, the array of apertures extending through the light absorbing layer and configured to allow light emitted from the array of pixels to pass through the array of apertures; and a focusing element An array of the focusing elements disposed on the input side of the glass substrate, wherein at least one of the focusing elements of the array of focusing elements has a focal length substantially equal to a thickness of one of the glass substrates. The display device of claim 1, wherein the array of pixels comprises an array of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The display device of claim 1, further comprising: an encapsulation layer disposed between the image display unit and the glass substrate, wherein the glass substrate and the encapsulation layer have substantially equal thermal expansion coefficients. The display device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one of the magnifications of one of the focusing elements ranges from about 0.1 to about 1. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substantially apertures of the array of apertures are centered on different pixels of one of the arrays of pixels of the image display unit. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each pixel of the array of pixels of the image display unit is aligned with an aperture of one of the arrays of apertures. The display device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass substrate is configured to bend to a radius of about 8 吋 or less. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the light absorbing layer comprises a resin, the resin substantially filling respective apertures of the array of apertures. The display device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the focusing elements of the array of focusing elements comprises a semi-spherical microlens. The display device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the array of focusing elements comprises crossed, crossed-lenticular microstructures. As shown in any one of claim 1 to claim 3 The device wherein the array of focusing elements is formed directly in the input side of the glass substrate. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass substrate comprises a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate adjacent to the first glass substrate, the light absorbing layer being disposed on the first a glass substrate, and the array of focusing elements is disposed on the second glass substrate. The display device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the array of focusing elements is axially aligned with the array of apertures. A display device for an image display unit, the image display unit configured to generate an image using an array of pixels of emitted light, the display device comprising: a glass substrate having an input side and a An output side, the input side is opposite to the image display unit, the output side is opposite to the input side; and a light absorbing layer is attached to the output side of the transparent substrate and includes an array of micro louvers, the micro A space between adjacent micro-louvers of the array of louvers forms an array of apertures extending through the light absorbing layer and is configured to allow light emitted from the array of pixels to pass through the array of apertures, wherein the image display unit An aperture pair of each pixel of the array of pixels and the array of apertures quasi. The display device of claim 14, wherein one of the at least one micro-louver of the array of micro-louvers is formed into an acute-angled triangle. The display device of claim 14, wherein a depth of one of the individual micro-louvers extending from the output side toward the input side is substantially greater than a widest portion of one of the individual micro-louvers. The display device of claim 14, wherein the light absorbing layer comprises a polymer that substantially fills the respective apertures of the array of apertures. The display device of claim 14, wherein the transparent substrate has a thickness ranging up to about 300 μm. The display device of claim 14, wherein the transparent substrate is configured to bend to a radius of about 8 吋 or less. The display device of claim 14, further comprising: an encapsulation layer disposed between the image display unit and the transparent substrate, wherein the transparent substrate and the encapsulation layer have substantially equal thermal expansion coefficients. The display device of claim 14, further comprising a transparent cover disposed between the image display unit and the transparent cover.