TW201618319A - Conductive aid for fabrication process of solar cell, and conductive paste using the conductive aid - Google Patents
Conductive aid for fabrication process of solar cell, and conductive paste using the conductive aid Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明為有關一種用於太陽能電池之化學材料，尤指一種用於太陽能電池製程之導電助劑及使用該導電助劑的導電漿料。The invention relates to a chemical material used for a solar cell, in particular to a conductive auxiliary agent for a solar cell process and a conductive paste using the same.
能源一般分為耗竭性能源以及可再生能源兩種，而現今所常用的原油、天然氣、煤及鈾等因礦產蘊藏有限，故屬耗竭性能源，其消耗的速度遠大於其再生速度，因此耗竭性能源一旦耗盡，將不能開採出更多的可用儲備供將來使用，使得全世界面臨能源短缺的危機；兼且，燃燒使用耗竭性能源時所排放出的二氧化碳，使得全球二氧化碳排放量日漸增加，二氧化碳所帶來的負面溫室效應，對地球氣候生態形成嚴重影響，因此世界各國無不積極尋找替代原料。目前主要的再生能源包含太陽能、水力、風力及生質能源等，由於太陽光無污染、隨處可得、取之不竭，且太陽能裝置具有安全性及安裝方便的特性，因此成為再生能源中最受矚目的產業。Energy is generally divided into exhaustive energy and renewable energy. However, crude oil, natural gas, coal and uranium, which are commonly used today, are limited in terms of mineral resources, so they are exhausted energy, and their consumption rate is much faster than their regeneration rate, so they are depleted. Once the performance source is exhausted, it will not be able to extract more available reserves for future use, making the world face a crisis of energy shortage. Moreover, the carbon dioxide emitted by burning exhausted energy will increase global carbon dioxide emissions. The negative greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide has a serious impact on the earth's climate and ecology, so all countries in the world are actively looking for alternative raw materials. At present, the main renewable energy sources include solar energy, hydropower, wind power and biomass energy. Because solar energy is non-polluting, available everywhere, and inexhaustible, and solar energy devices are safe and easy to install, they are the most renewable energy sources. A high-profile industry.
目前市場上最常見的太陽能電池為多晶矽太陽能電池，其結構包含一個用來作為電池的多晶矽半導體以及作為電極使用的導電漿，而導電漿的作用，係用來收集太陽能電池所產生的電能，再傳輸至電池外。導電漿料在太陽能模組的轉換效率上扮演至為關鍵角色，可以使太陽能電池獲得更高的轉換效率。The most common solar cell currently on the market is a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, the structure of which comprises a polycrystalline germanium semiconductor used as a battery and a conductive paste used as an electrode, and the function of the conductive paste is used to collect the electrical energy generated by the solar cell. Transfer to the outside of the battery. Conductive paste plays a key role in the conversion efficiency of solar modules, enabling solar cells to achieve higher conversion efficiencies.
太陽能電池用的導電漿包含了鋁漿、銀漿和銀鋁漿三種，銀漿主要用來當做太陽能電池的正面電極，鋁漿作為背面電極與電場增加電池轉換效率，而銀鋁漿則應用於太陽能電池背面作為模組串連之導線。The conductive paste for solar cells includes three kinds of aluminum paste, silver paste and silver aluminum paste. The silver paste is mainly used as the front electrode of the solar cell, the aluminum paste is used as the back electrode and the electric field to increase the battery conversion efficiency, and the silver aluminum paste is applied. The back of the solar cell serves as a wire for the module string.
然而，由於金屬屬於消耗性的材料，其於自然界中的存量會隨著使用量以及時間的增加而持續減少，其價格亦會隨著存量減少而持續上揚。However, since metal is a consumable material, its stock in nature will continue to decrease as the amount of use and time increases, and its price will continue to rise as the stock decreases.
以太陽能電池的成本結構中，漿料為除了矽晶圓外，影響太陽能電池成本最重要的材料，估計導電漿占電池的成本約10%的水準，而隨著多晶矽價跌，未來導電漿占電池成本比重愈來愈高，因此，如何降低導電漿成本以及提升導電漿的導電率，便成了現今太陽能電池產業所面臨的課題。In the cost structure of solar cells, the slurry is the most important material affecting the cost of solar cells except for the silicon wafer. It is estimated that the conductive paste accounts for about 10% of the cost of the battery, and with the price of polycrystalline germanium falling, the future conductive paste accounts for The proportion of battery cost is getting higher and higher. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of conductive paste and improve the conductivity of conductive paste has become a topic faced by the solar cell industry today.
本發明的主要目的，在於降低太陽能電池所需之製程成本。The main object of the present invention is to reduce the process cost required for solar cells.
為達上述目的，本發明提供一種用於太陽能電池製程之導電助劑，包括一導電碳材、一溶劑、一分散劑以及一消泡劑，該導電碳材之成分比例介於1 wt.％至20 wt.％之間，且該導電碳材選自於奈米碳管、石墨烯及其組合所組成之群組，該溶劑之成分比例介於58 wt.％至99 wt.％之間，該分散劑之成分比例介於0.1 wt.％至20 wt.％之間，該消泡劑之成分比例＜2 wt.％。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a conductive auxiliary agent for a solar cell process, comprising a conductive carbon material, a solvent, a dispersing agent and an antifoaming agent, wherein the conductive carbon material has a composition ratio of 1 wt.%. Between 20 wt.%, and the conductive carbon material is selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, graphene and combinations thereof, and the composition ratio of the solvent is between 58 wt.% and 99 wt.%. The component ratio of the dispersant is between 0.1 wt.% and 20 wt.%, and the proportion of the antifoaming agent is <2 wt.%.
為達上述目的，本發明更提供一種用於太陽能電池製程之導電漿料，包含一如上述之用於太陽能電池製程之導電助劑、一固化用樹脂、一導電銀粉體、一玻璃粉體、一觸變劑以及一潤濕劑，該導電助劑的成分比例介於1 wt.％至30 wt.％之間，該固化用樹脂的成分比例介於3 wt.％至10 wt.％之間，該導電銀粉體之成分比例介於50 wt.％至90 wt.％之間，該玻璃粉體的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％，該觸變劑的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間，該潤濕劑的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a conductive paste for a solar cell process, comprising the above-mentioned conductive auxiliary agent for solar cell process, a curing resin, a conductive silver powder, and a glass powder. a thixotropic agent and a wetting agent, the proportion of the conductive auxiliary agent is between 1 wt.% and 30 wt.%, and the proportion of the curing resin is between 3 wt.% and 10 wt.%. The composition ratio of the conductive silver powder is between 50 wt.% and 90 wt.%, and the composition ratio of the glass powder is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%, the composition of the thixotropic agent. The ratio is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%, and the composition ratio of the wetting agent is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%.
綜合上述，本發明的特點在於該導電助劑及該導電漿料含有該導電碳材，由於奈米碳管、石墨烯兼具高導電性、結構穩定性之特性，故可部分取代習知太陽能製程所慣用之導電銀粉體，又因該導電碳材取得方便，且材料成本低於導電銀粉體，故可降低所需之製程成本，且仍能維持應有的導電特性。In summary, the present invention is characterized in that the conductive auxiliary agent and the conductive paste contain the conductive carbon material, and the carbon nanotubes and graphenes can partially replace the conventional solar energy because of their high electrical conductivity and structural stability. The conductive silver powder conventionally used in the process is convenient for the conductive carbon material, and the material cost is lower than that of the conductive silver powder, so that the required process cost can be reduced, and the desired conductive property can be maintained.
本發明提供一種用於太陽能電池製程之導電助劑及使用該導電助劑的導電漿料，該導電助劑包含一導電碳材、一溶劑、一分散劑以及一消泡劑，該導電碳材之成分比例介於1 wt.％至20 wt.％之間，該溶劑的成分比例介於58 wt.％至99 wt.％之間，該分散劑用以使該導電碳材均勻分散於該溶劑中且其成分比例介於0.1 wt.％至20 wt.％之間，該消泡劑之成分比例＜2 wt.％，其中，該導電碳材為奈米碳管、石墨烯或是兩者的混合物。The invention provides a conductive auxiliary agent for a solar cell process and a conductive paste using the conductive auxiliary agent, the conductive auxiliary agent comprises a conductive carbon material, a solvent, a dispersing agent and an antifoaming agent, the conductive carbon material The component ratio is between 1 wt.% and 20 wt.%, and the solvent component ratio is between 58 wt.% and 99 wt.%, and the dispersant is used to uniformly disperse the conductive carbon material in the The proportion of the component of the antifoaming agent is <2 wt.% in the solvent and the proportion of the component is between 0.1 wt.% and 20 wt.%, wherein the conductive carbon material is a carbon nanotube, graphene or two a mixture of people.
於本發明之一實施例中，該溶劑可選用醇、醇酯、萜烯類、松油醇、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯（Dibutyl phthalate, DBP）、丁基卡必醇、松節油、乙二醇丁醚、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、檸檬酸三丁酯、二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、磷酸三丁酯、二甲基乙醯胺（Dimethylacetamide, DMAC）、十二醇酯或檸檬酸三丁酯等化學溶劑，端視該導電漿料內之化學原料的種類與極性來選擇適合之溶劑，並不限於上述所提；該分散劑可選用十二烷基硫酸鈉、十二烷基苯磺酸鈉或膽鹽(Sodium cholate, NaC)；而該消泡劑則可選用聚乙烯醇矽酮共聚合物或非離子乙氧基全氟素界面活性劑。In one embodiment of the present invention, the solvent may be selected from the group consisting of alcohols, alcohol esters, terpenes, terpineol, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl carbitol, turpentine, and ethylene. Alcohol butyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, tributyl citrate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dibutyl phthalate, tributyl phosphate, two A chemical solvent such as Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), dodecyl alcohol ester or tributyl citrate, and a suitable solvent is selected depending on the kind and polarity of the chemical raw material in the conductive paste, and is not limited to the above The dispersing agent may be selected from sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or sodium cholate (NaC); and the antifoaming agent may be selected from polyvinyl ketone ketone copolymer or non-foaming agent. Ionic ethoxy perfluoroester surfactant.
此外，本發明更提供一種用於太陽能電池製程之的導電漿料，係使用上述之導電助劑，除包含該導電助劑外，該導電漿料還包含一固化用樹脂、一導電銀粉體、一玻璃粉體、一觸變劑以及一潤濕劑，該導電助劑的成分比例介於1 wt.％至30 wt.％之間，該固化用樹脂的成分比例介於3 wt.％至10 wt.％之間，該導電銀粉體之成分比例介於50 wt.％至90 wt.％之間，該玻璃粉體的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間，該玻璃粉體的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間，該潤濕劑的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間。In addition, the present invention further provides a conductive paste for use in a solar cell process, which uses the above-mentioned conductive auxiliary agent, in addition to the conductive auxiliary agent, the conductive paste further comprises a curing resin and a conductive silver powder. a glass powder, a thixotropic agent and a wetting agent, the conductive additive has a composition ratio of between 1 wt.% and 30 wt.%, and the curing resin has a composition ratio of 3 wt.%. Between 10 wt.%, the proportion of the conductive silver powder is between 50 wt.% and 90 wt.%, and the proportion of the glass powder is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%. The composition ratio of the glass powder is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%, and the composition ratio of the wetting agent is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%.
於本發明的一實施例中，該導電銀粉體的平均粒徑(D50)介於0.5微米至2微米之間，且形狀可為球狀或是片狀，該玻璃粉體之平均粒徑(D50)介於500奈米至3微米之間，且該玻璃粉體的玻璃轉移溫度(Glass Transition Temperature, Tg )介於350℃至500℃之間，該固化用樹脂可選擇乙基纖維素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯或是醇酸樹脂，該觸變劑可選擇氫化蓖麻油衍生物或是聚酰胺蠟，而該潤濕劑可選擇十六醇、十八醇、山梨醇三油酸酯、卵磷脂或松油醇。In an embodiment of the invention, the conductive silver powder has an average particle diameter (D50) of between 0.5 micrometers and 2 micrometers, and the shape may be spherical or flake, and the average particle diameter of the glass powder is (D50) is between 500 nm and 3 μm, and the glass transition temperature (Glass Transition Temperature, T g ) of the glass powder is between 350 ° C and 500 ° C, and the curing resin can be selected from ethyl fibers. Or a polymethacrylate or an alkyd resin, the thixotropic agent may be selected from a hydrogenated castor oil derivative or a polyamide wax, and the wetting agent may be selected from the group consisting of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and sorbitol trioleic acid. Ester, lecithin or terpineol.
本發明更提供一種使用導電漿料製備太陽能電池的方法，其包含下列步驟：The invention further provides a method for preparing a solar cell using a conductive paste, comprising the following steps:
S1：先將該導電碳材、該溶劑、該分散劑以及該消泡劑混合形成該導電助劑，該導電碳材之成分比例介於1 wt.％至20 wt.％之間，該溶劑的成分比例介於58 wt.％至99 wt.％之間，該分散劑的成分比例介於0.1 wt.％至20 wt.％之間，該消泡劑之成分比例＜2 wt.％，且該導電碳材為奈米碳管、石墨烯或是兩者的混合物。S1: firstly mixing the conductive carbon material, the solvent, the dispersing agent and the antifoaming agent to form the conductive auxiliary agent, the conductive carbon material having a composition ratio of between 1 wt.% and 20 wt.%, the solvent The proportion of the component is between 58 wt.% and 99 wt.%, the component ratio of the dispersant is between 0.1 wt.% and 20 wt.%, and the component ratio of the antifoaming agent is <2 wt.%. And the conductive carbon material is a carbon nanotube, graphene or a mixture of the two.
S2：將該導電助劑與該固化用樹脂、該導電銀粉體、該玻璃粉體、該觸變劑及該潤濕劑混合形成該導電漿料，該導電助劑的成分比例介於1 wt.％至30 wt.％之間，該固化用樹脂的成分比例介於3 wt.％至10 wt.％之間，該導電銀粉體之成分比例介於50 wt.％至90 wt.％之間，該玻璃粉體的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間，該玻璃粉體的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間，該潤濕劑的成分比例介於0.5 wt.％至5 wt.％之間。S2: mixing the conductive auxiliary agent with the curing resin, the conductive silver powder, the glass powder, the thixotropic agent and the wetting agent to form the conductive paste, wherein the conductive additive has a composition ratio of 1 Between wt.% and 30 wt.%, the composition ratio of the curing resin is between 3 wt.% and 10 wt.%, and the composition ratio of the conductive silver powder is between 50 wt.% and 90 wt. Between %, the composition ratio of the glass powder is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%, and the composition ratio of the glass powder is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%, the wetting agent The composition ratio is between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%.
S3：將該導電漿料塗佈於一太陽能電池基板上，形成一待處理太陽能基板。S3: coating the conductive paste on a solar cell substrate to form a solar substrate to be processed.
S4：將該待處理太陽能基板於一燒結爐中進行一第一燒結製程，該第一燒結製程之氣氛為空氣。該待處理太陽能基板係於該燒結爐中被加熱至一第一燒結溫度，該第一燒結溫度介於200℃～500℃之間。於該第一燒結製程中，該導電漿料中的有機物會與氧氣反應而揮發去除。S4: The solar cell to be processed is subjected to a first sintering process in a sintering furnace, and the atmosphere of the first sintering process is air. The solar substrate to be processed is heated in the sintering furnace to a first sintering temperature, and the first sintering temperature is between 200 ° C and 500 ° C. In the first sintering process, the organic matter in the conductive paste reacts with oxygen to be volatilized and removed.
S5：將該待處理太陽能基板於該燒結爐中進行一第二燒結製程，該第二燒結製程之氣氛為一真空環境。該待處理太陽能基板係於該燒結爐中被加熱至一第二燒結溫度，該第二燒結溫度介於500℃～1000℃之間。於該第二燒結製程下，由於該第二燒結溫度高於該導電漿料的玻璃粉體的玻璃轉移溫度，因此該玻璃粉體會開始融化，進而使得該導電漿料內的該導電銀粉體及該導電碳材融合而共同形成導電通路。S5: performing a second sintering process on the solar substrate to be processed in the sintering furnace, wherein the atmosphere of the second sintering process is a vacuum environment. The solar substrate to be processed is heated in the sintering furnace to a second sintering temperature, and the second sintering temperature is between 500 ° C and 1000 ° C. In the second sintering process, since the second sintering temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the glass powder of the conductive paste, the glass powder starts to melt, thereby causing the conductive silver powder in the conductive paste. And the conductive carbon material is fused to form a conductive path.
綜上所述，本發明具有下列特點：In summary, the present invention has the following features:
一、由於該導電助劑及該導電漿料含有該導電碳材，而奈米碳管、石墨烯兼具高導電性、結構穩定性之特性，可部分取代習知太陽能製程所慣用之導電銀粉體，又因該導電碳材取得方便，且材料成本低於導電銀粉體，故可降低所需之製程成本，且仍能維持應有的導電特性。1. Since the conductive auxiliary agent and the conductive paste contain the conductive carbon material, and the carbon nanotubes and the graphene have the characteristics of high electrical conductivity and structural stability, the conductive silver which is conventionally used in the conventional solar energy process can be partially replaced. The powder is convenient for the conductive carbon material, and the material cost is lower than that of the conductive silver powder, so that the required process cost can be reduced and the desired electrical conductivity can be maintained.
二、藉由該第一燒結製程與該第二燒結製程在溫度以及環境上的不同，避免該導電碳材在大氣環境下因高溫的燒結製程而分解。2. By the difference in temperature and environment between the first sintering process and the second sintering process, the conductive carbon material is prevented from decomposing in a high temperature sintering process in an atmospheric environment.
因此本發明極具進步性及符合申請發明專利的要件，爰依法提出申請，祈 鈞局早日賜准專利，實感德便。Therefore, the present invention is highly progressive and conforms to the requirements of the invention patent application, and the application is filed according to law, and the praying office grants the patent as soon as possible.
以上已將本發明做一詳細說明，惟以上所述者，僅爲本發明的一較佳實施例而已，當不能限定本發明實施的範圍。即凡依本發明申請範圍所作的均等變化與修飾等，皆應仍屬本發明的專利涵蓋範圍內。The present invention has been described in detail above, but the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. That is, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the present application should remain within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
S1～S5‧‧‧步驟S1 ~ S5‧‧‧ steps
圖1，為本發明之太陽能電池製程步驟流程圖。FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of a solar cell process of the present invention.
S1~S5‧‧‧步驟 S1~S5‧‧‧Steps
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