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TW201351974A - 用於媒體內容的組合式單－多播／廣播串流之體驗品質報告技術 - Google Patents

用於媒體內容的組合式單－多播／廣播串流之體驗品質報告技術 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201351974A
TW201351974A TW102111885A TW102111885A TW201351974A TW 201351974 A TW201351974 A TW 201351974A TW 102111885 A TW102111885 A TW 102111885A TW 102111885 A TW102111885 A TW 102111885A TW 201351974 A TW201351974 A TW 201351974A
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Taiwan
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access method
qoe
access
content
multicast
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TW102111885A
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English (en)
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TWI528806B (zh
Inventor
Ozgur Oyman
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

本文揭示之實施例描述用以監視及報告與一存取法相聯結的體驗品質(QoE)量表的裝置、方法、電腦可讀取媒體及系統組態。可描述且請求其它實施例之專利。

Description

用於媒體內容的組合式單-多播/廣播串流之體驗品質報告技術 參考相關申請案
本案請求美國臨時專利申請案第61/621,939號，申請日2012年4月9日，名稱「進階無線通訊系統及技術」及美國臨時專利申請案第61/679,627號，申請日2012年8月3日，名稱「進階無線通訊系統及技術」的優先權，二案全文揭示係爰引於此並融入本說明書的揭示。
發明領域
本發明之實施例大致上係有關於無線通訊領域，更明確言之，係有關於用於媒體內容之動態串流的體驗品質報告。
發明背景
超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)串流廣泛流傳作為網際網路視訊之多媒體傳輸形式。以HTTP為基的傳遞由於已經廣泛採用HTTP及其潛在的傳輸控制協定(TCP)/網際網路協定(IP)兩個協定提供可靠性及部署簡易性。此外，以HTTP為基的傳遞藉由避免網路位址轉換(NAT)及防火牆穿越問 題而許可容易且不費力的串流服務。最後，以HTTP為基的串流也提供使用標準HTTP伺服器及快取記憶體替代特定串流伺服器的能力，及由於在伺服器端的極少狀態資訊而具有較佳的擴充性。
於3GPP TS 26.247 V.10.2.0(2012年6月29日)標準化的透過超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)的動態適應性串流(DASH)比起以即時串流協定(RTSP)為基的適應性串流乃新穎技術。在DASH之使用前，標準化進行性下載方法乃從標準HTTP網頁伺服器的媒體傳遞為可資利用。於以HTTP為基的漸進式下載中，客端藉由對網頁伺服器執行位元組範圍請求可搜尋於媒體檔案中的位置。以HTTP為基的漸進式下載之缺點大部分為若在漸進式下載已經開始後，該使用者決定停止觀看該內容(例如切換至另一內容)，則頻寬可能浪費，該技術並非實際位元率適應性且不支援即時媒體伺服器。DASH技術解決即時傳輸協定(RTP)/以RTSP為基的串流及以HTTP為基的漸進式下載的弱點。
於DASH中，媒體表示內容描述(MPD)母資料檔案對儲存於伺服器的媒體內容表示型態的結構及不同版本(包括不同位元率、圖框率、解析度、編解碼型別等)提供資訊。此外，DASH也載明節段格式，亦即含有針對一媒體播放器(該媒體播放器注視啟動節段以瞭解容器格式及媒體時間資訊)的啟動及媒體節段，以確保節段對映入媒體表示內容時間線用以切換及與其它表示型態同步表示內容。根據此項MPD母資料資訊其描述節段之關係及其如何形成一 媒體表示內容，客端使用HTTP GET或部分GET方法請求該等節段。客端完整控制串流通信期，亦即管理啟動時間請求，及該序列節段的平滑播出，潛在調整位元率或其它屬性，例如以對裝置狀態或使用者偏好的改變作出回應。
DASH提供隨著可用頻寬的改變，在不同位元率的媒體內容的表示型態間動態切換的能力。如此，DASH許可更快速適應改變中的網路及無線鏈路狀況、使用者偏好、及裝置能力(例如顯示器解析度、中央處理單元(CPU)、記憶體資源等)。此種動態適應提供更優異的使用者體驗品質(QoE)，具有更短的起始延遲，更少的重新緩衝事件等。
多媒體廣播多播服務(MBMS)乃根據由第三代合作夥伴計畫(3GPP)所擬定的小區式標準中之一者操作的利用在小區式網路的一點對多點系統。MBMS係設計以根據廣播及多播技術有效傳遞流行內容給許多接收者，係在3GPP通用行動電信系統(UMTS)規格的第六發行版首度問市作為選項特徵，且係基於若干加強，諸如多媒體廣播單頻網路(MBSFN)功能而在後來3GPP發行版更進一步最佳化。在該服務層，MBMS也根據基於用戶資料訊息協定(UDP)的傳輸層協定、用於串流化的RTP及針對檔案傳遞的透過單向傳輸的檔案傳遞(FLUTE)，針對多媒體內容的串流化及檔案的可靠下載二者而定義傳遞協定。MBMS已經被採用作為相對應於3GPP第八發行版及其後版本的在以3GPP為基的長期演進(LTE)標準發展中作為加強式MBMS(eMBMS)。
經以DASH格式化的內容可使用MBMS下載傳遞 法及/或以HTTP為基的傳遞法傳遞給該使用者設備(UE)。以MBMS為基的DASH傳遞選項在有些服務地區可能無法取得，於該種情況下，該等服務另可透過單播提供。以經以DASH格式化的內容透過MBMS傳遞為例，可使用FLUTE傳輸協定。如於RFC3926中定義，FLUTE許可透過MBMS傳遞DASH節段，使得客端觀察得係透過HTTP/TCP傳遞。HTTP-URL係分派給在FLUTE中的各個被傳遞的物件，及HTTP-URL對映在該MPD中的節段URL。該UE將根據該MPD中所含的HTTP URL與含括於FLUTE封包內的URL資訊的比較而識別所接收的DASH表示型態。
針對要求切換以存取DASH內容的不同版本，在單播/HTTP及MBMS/FLUTE有不同DASH表示型態可資利用。在單播/HTTP與MBMS/FLUTE間的切換狀況可能發生於此等情況，包括使用者啟動具有存取改變的內容切換以及應用程式啟動的存取改變。要言之，在內容串流化期間客端可能在單播存取法與多播/廣播存取法間切換，此外，某些經以DASH格式化的組成(表示型態、節段等)可經由多播/廣播接收，而其它組成可經由同步化單播在客端接收。
給定此種單播/HTTP及廣播/FLUTE存取法對經以DASH格式化的內容的可用性，要緊地須確保針對整個內容串流，使用者體驗的連續性與一致性。
依據本發明之一實施例，係特地提出一種設備包含一媒體播放器其係經組配來從一媒體伺服器透過一單播 存取法或一多播/廣播存取法經由一或多個無線電存取網路(RAN)組件，接收經以藉超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)動態適應性串流化(DASH)格式化的內容；及一體驗品質(QoE)監視模組其係耦接至該媒體播放器及其係經組配來：記錄複數個QoE量表，其中該等複數個QoE量表中之一第一QoE量表包括一存取法的一指示，其係包含該單播存取法或該多播/廣播存取法，或與該第一QoE量表相聯結的一存取切換事件之一指示，其係包含該單播存取法與該多播/廣播存取法間之一存取切換；及發送該等複數個QoE量表至一QoE報告伺服器。
100、200‧‧‧網路環境
104、204‧‧‧使用者設備(UE)
108‧‧‧無線電存取網路(RAN)
112‧‧‧增強節點B(eNB)
116、216a-b‧‧‧媒體伺服器
120‧‧‧體驗品質(QoE)監視模組
124‧‧‧媒體播放器
128‧‧‧輸出裝置
132、232‧‧‧QoE報告模組
136、236a-b‧‧‧內容傳遞模組
140‧‧‧內容儲存裝置
144、244‧‧‧單播(UC)傳輸模組
148、248‧‧‧多播/廣播(MC/BC)傳輸模組
300、400、500、600‧‧‧方法
304-316、404-416、504-512、604、608‧‧‧方塊
700‧‧‧系統
704‧‧‧處理器
708‧‧‧系統控制邏輯
712‧‧‧系統記憶體
716‧‧‧NVM/儲存裝置
720‧‧‧網路介面
722‧‧‧收發器
724‧‧‧QoE邏輯
732‧‧‧輸入/輸出(I/O)裝置
藉後文詳細說明部分結合附圖將更瞭解實施例。為了輔助本詳細說明部分，類似的元件符號標示相似的結構元件。於附圖之各幅圖式中實施例係用於舉例說明性而非限制性。
圖1示意地例示說明依據多個實施例之一通訊網路。
圖2示意地例示說明依據多個實施例之一通訊網路。
圖3例示說明依據多個實施例一種追蹤及報告QoE量表之方法。
圖4例示說明依據多個實施例一種追蹤及報告另一QoE量表之方法。
圖5例示說明依據多個實施例一種QoE監視之方 法。
圖6例示說明依據多個實施例一種動態服務提供調整之方法。
圖7示意地闡釋依據多個實施例之一系統實例。
詳細說明
本文揭示之具體實施例包括但非僅限於用於有關動態串流化視訊內容的體驗品質(QoE)報告及服務提供之調整的方法、系統、電腦可讀取媒體、及設備。
具體實施例之各個面向將使用熟諳技藝人士用以傳遞其工作內容給其它熟諳技藝人士的常用術語描述。但熟諳技藝人士顯然易知可只使用部分所描述的面向實施替代實施例。為求解說目的，列舉特定號碼、材料、及組態以供徹底瞭解具體實施例。但熟諳技藝人士顯然易知可不使用該等特定細節實施替代實施例。於其它情況下，刪除或簡化眾所周知的特徵以免遮掩該等具體實施例。
又，將轉而以最有助於瞭解具體實施例之方式將各項操作描述為多個離散操作；但描述的順序不應解譯為暗示此等操作必然為順序相依性。更明確言之，此等操作無需以表示內容的順序執行。
「於若干實施例中」一語係重複地使用。該片語通常並非指稱相同實施例，但可以是相同實施例。除非上下文另行指示，否則「包含」、「具有」、及「包括」等詞為同義詞。「A及/或B」一語表示(A)、(B)、或(A及B)。類似 「A及/或B」一語，「A/B」及「A或B」等詞表示(A)、(B)、或(A及B)。「A、B及C中之至少一者」一語表示(A)、(B)、(C)、(A及B)、(A及C)、(B及C)或(A、B及C)。「(A)B」一語表示(B)或(A及B)，換言之，A為選擇性。
如此處使用，「模組」一詞可指稱屬於其中一部分、或包括特定應用積體電路(ASIC)、電子電路、處理器(分享、專用、或群組)及/或記憶體(分享、專用、或群組)其係執行一或多個軟體或韌體程式、綜合邏輯電路、及/或提供所描述的功能之其它適當組件。
圖1示意地描述依據各個實施例之網路環境100。網路環境100包括一使用者設備(UE)104無線地耦接一無線電存取網路(RAN)108。RAN 108可包括一增強節點站台(eNB)112係經組配來透過通過空中(OTA)介面而與UE 104通訊。RAN 108可為3GPP LTE-進階(LTE-A)網路的一部分，可稱作為演進通用地面無線電存取網路(EUTRAN)。於其它實施例中，可運用其它無線電存取網路技術。
UE 104可經由RAN 108而與一遠端媒體伺服器116通訊。雖然eNB 112係顯示為與媒體伺服器直接通訊，但須瞭解於多個實施例中，通訊可流經多個中間網絡組件，例如，交換器、路由器、閘道器等。舉例言之，於若干實施例中，RAN 108可耦合一核心服務網路(CSN)，後者又將RAN 108通訊式地耦合更大型網路，例如廣域網路，媒體伺服器116可視為屬於該更大型網路的一部分。
UE 104及媒體伺服器116可具有多個組件，其係 經組配來輔助多媒體內容的存取、儲存、傳輸、及顯示。於相關部分，例如，UE 104可包括一QoE監視模組120、一媒體播放器124、及一或多個輸出裝置128。媒體伺服器116可包括一QoE報告模組132、一內容傳遞模組136、及一內容儲存裝置140。於多個實施例中，QoE報告模組132可存在於媒體伺服器116外部的不同位置。內容傳遞模組136可包括一單播(UC)傳輸模組144(例如用於以HTTP為基的傳遞)及一多播/廣播(MC/BC)傳輸模組148(例如用於以MBMS為基的傳遞)。於多個實施例中，媒體伺服器116之該等組件中之一或多者可彼此位在遠端。舉例言之，圖2例示說明一個實施例其中UE 204可與一第一媒體伺服器216a通訊，其係包括具有一單播傳輸模組244的一內容傳遞模組236a；及與一第一媒體伺服器216b通訊，其係包括具有一多播/廣播傳輸模組248的一內容傳遞模組236b。由於例如其中存在有UE 104的覆蓋區，UE 204可於不同時間耦接至此等媒體伺服器。於其它實施例中，UE 104可同時耦接至此等媒體伺服器中之二者，例如從不同伺服器接收該多媒體內容的不同部分。
簡言之，再度參考圖1，內容傳遞模組136可存取內容儲存裝置140中的媒體內容(例如音訊及/或視訊內容)及根據一動態適應串流協定例如DASH而格式化該媒體內容。該經DASH格式化的內容可供給一傳輸模組，例如單播傳輸模組144或多播/廣播傳輸模組148用以經由RAN 108傳遞給UE 104。UE 104的媒體播放器124可接收藉單播存取法 或多播/廣播存取法傳遞的已串流化內容，解碼該內容，及提供該內容給輸出裝置128，其可包括顯示器、揚聲器等。
於若干實施例中，單播存取法可為以HTTP為基的存取法，例如載明於3GPP TS 26.247，而多播/廣播存取法可為以MBMS及/或透過單向傳輸的檔案傳遞(FLUTE)為基的存取法，例如載明於3GPP TS 26.346,V.11.1.0(2012年6月29日)。
於若干實施例中，媒體伺服器116可在不同存取法間切換以傳遞部分或全部經以DASH格式化的內容。此點可基於存取法的利用性及/或偏好上的差異。舉例言之，於一實施例中，其中傳輸模組係彼此設置於遠端，可有與各個傳輸模組相聯結的非重疊服務區。若UE 104前進至不由目前提供該串流化內容的該傳輸模組支援的一地區，則該內容傳達模組136或UE 104可切換至另一個傳輸模組。於若干實施例中，當兩種存取法皆可利用時，一者可比另一者優先。舉例言之，網路偏好可能為每當可能時，經以DASH格式化的內容係藉多播/廣播存取法提供給使用者設備(UE)。如此，若二傳輸模組皆能提供經以DASH格式化的內容給UE 104，則多播/廣播傳輸模組148可被組配作為優先模組。
於若干實施例中，不同的DASH組件(例如表示型態、節段等)可透過不同存取法取得，或較佳地由不同存取法提供。因此，於若干實施例中，根據可用的且較佳的存取法，可能出現在存取法間的切換(後文稱作為「存取切換」) 以存取不同組件。於若干實施例中，第一DASH組件集合可由單播傳輸模組144提供，及第二DASH組件集合可由多播/廣播傳輸模組148提供。當接收第一及第二集合時，在輸出裝置128上呈現該媒體表示型態之前，媒體播放器124可同步化該內容。
鑑於單播及多播/廣播存取法二者的可用性，及其間之切換，本發明之實施例提供針對整個內容串流通信期確保連續的且一致的使用者體驗之程序。
習知QoE報告係根據單一存取法的假設，因而不足以精準地識別在透過組合式單播及多播/廣播傳遞的串流化期間可能造成QoE降級的某些事件。舉例言之，存取切換可能以回放中斷形式導致QoE降級，即便當該等存取法係獨立地採用時該經以DASH格式化的內容可以無中斷方式傳遞亦復如此。此點可能係由於在許多情況下無法被忽略的透過MBMS及單播/HTTP該等DASH節段接收時間之間的時序偏位(包括例如，廣播多播服務中心(BM-SC)處理、MBMS正向錯誤校正(FEC)緩衝、及HTTP請求-應答延遲)。換言之，即便當單播及多播/廣播存取法的品質夠高而可以無中斷方式傳遞經以DASH格式化的內容時，在存取切換期間導入的延遲可能造成回放中斷，導致QoE降級。當然本例只是一個驗證實例，於額外/替代實例中存取切換可對終端使用者QoE產生淨影響。
由於對DASH客端體驗的直接影響，本發明之實施例提供存取切換事件的監控，結合既有QoE量表，以便 針對透過單播及多播/廣播存取法傳遞經以DASH格式化的內容，更明確地解譯客端體驗及識別QoE降級的起因。
須注意雖然實施例係就經以DASH格式化的內容加以描述，但該等實施例之構想可同等地適用於其它型別的串流內容。
後文提供用於經以DASH格式化的內容之傳遞的多項QoE量表定義以更明確地捕獲在存取切換事件期間，諸如組合式單播-多播/廣播傳遞期間的客端體驗。如此處使用，組合式單播-多播/廣播傳遞表示媒體內容的第一部分係藉單播存取法傳遞，而媒體內容的第二部分係藉多播/廣播存取法傳遞。相同QoE量表也可用來捕獲在存取切換事件期間，例如切換至一不同內容傳遞網路(CDN)的客端體驗。一CDN可為媒體內容儲存該處及串流起始該處。CDN可包括媒體伺服器116。於若干實施例中，針對此等存取切換事件的QoE量表包括但非僅限於表示型態切換事件、播放列表、及/或MPD資訊量表。
於若干實施例中，QoE監視模組120可記錄在一量測區間期間進行的表示型態切換事件之一列表。一表示型態切換事件係相對應於從第一媒體內容表示型態切換至第二媒體內容表示型態。各個表示型態切換事件可包括屬性以指示該被切換成的表示型態、切換事件的一實際時間(例如壁鐘時間)、從該被切換成的表示型態播放出的最早媒體樣本(全部媒體組件中)之一媒體時間、識別一次-表示型態的一位準(例如被切換成的表示型態之一位準)、及該被切 換成的表示型態或次-表示型態藉此被接收的存取方法。於若干實施例中，該存取方法可為單播(例如HTTP)或多播/廣播(例如MBMS)。
表1例示說明依據若干實施例一表示型態切換事件列表。
含括相對應於「被切換成的表示型態」之「存取法」屬性許可識別用以傳輸相關經以DASH格式化的內容之存取機制。也使得UE的適應表現更容易理解，不僅就在不同DASH表示型態(或次-表示型態)間的UE切換而言，同時也就例如應答一事件於該處MBMS覆蓋可能喪失，及透過單播/HTTP相同服務的其它接收係屬可能，UE如何在存取法例如HTTP及MBMS/FLUTE間切換而言。當組合其它QoE量表時，諸如物件的喪失及再度緩衝事件，服務提供者可針對在存取切換事件期間DASH傳遞，識別QoE表現及客端體驗的細節。
圖3例示說明依據若干實施例一種追蹤及報告方法300。方法300可由UE的QoE監視模組執行，諸如UE 104的QoE監視模組120。於若干實施例中，UE可包括及/或存取其上儲存有指令的一或多個電腦可讀取媒體，該等指令當執行時，使得UE或QoE監視模組執行方法300。
於304，該方法可包括追蹤用於個別DASH表示型態的一存取法。
於308，該方法可包括偵測一表示型態切換事件。該表示型態切換事件可為從接收第一DASH表示型態的一媒體播放器切換至第二DASH表示型態。
於308偵測該表示型態切換事件後，該方法可包括於312運算一表示型態切換事件量表。於若干實施例中，該表示型態切換事件量表之運算可包括記錄該被切換成的表示型態之存取法。於若干實施例中，切換事件的其它元件可記錄於該表示型態切換事件量表。
於316，該方法可包括該運算得的表示型態切換事件量表。表示型態切換事件量表的報告可藉發送該量表至一QoE報告模組，諸如媒體伺服器116之QoE報告模組132完成。
於若干實施例中，QoE監視模組120可記錄該量測區間之一播放列表。經以DASH格式化的內容之已解碼樣本通常可以表示內容時間順序呈現，各自係在或接近其特定表示內容時間。如此，從單一表示型態的樣本被連續呈現的一時間週期列表，可建構資訊流的一精簡表示型態， 使得各自係在其特定表示內容時間被表示內容至某種特定準確程度(例如±10毫秒)。此種連續傳遞之一序列週期可藉一使用者動作請求在一特定媒體時間開始播出(可為「播放」、「搜尋」或「恢復」動作)而起始，及持續直到因一使用者動作、內容的結束、或持久故障而播出停止為止。
由QoE監視模組120所記錄的播放列表量表可用以針對在該量測區間內的一回放週期列表而登錄播放列表元件，於該處各個回放週期乃一使用者動作與停止回放的下個使用者動作、回放結束、或故障中之哪一者最早出現間之該時間區間。針對各個回放週期，QoE監視模組120可量測與報告各個播放列表元件，諸如經呈現的表示型態之識別符及其呈現時間(以媒體時間表示)及持續時間、相對於正常回放速度的回放速度(例如相對於追蹤竅門模式，諸如快速前轉或倒轉)、及為何本表示型態的連續回放中斷之理由。
表2例示說明依據若干實施例之一播放列表量表。
因播放列表量表捕獲藉該「停止理由」參數而造成一給定型的連續表示內容中斷之事件，故含括根據「從單播切換成廣播(及/或多播)」及「從廣播(及/或多播)切換成單播」枚舉的存取切換事件再度許可識別用以傳輸相關經以DASH格式化的內容之存取法，且輔助瞭解任何相聯結的重新緩衝事件(或其它形式的QoE降級)背後可能的理由，該理由也將藉播放列表量表捕獲。再度，此種修正許可更準確地瞭解客端體驗如何受存取切換事件影響，及媒體播放器124如何橫跨不同的DASH表示型態及存取法操作。最後，「切換成不同的CDN」枚舉也可含括以捕獲在更廣的脈絡上當存取法改變時的客端體驗。
圖4例示說明依據若干實施例一種追蹤及報告方法400。方法400可由UE的QoE監視模組執行，諸如UE 104的QoE監視模組120。於若干實施例中，UE可包括及/或存取其上儲存有指令的一或多個電腦可讀取媒體，該等指令當執行時，使得UE或QoE監視模組執行方法400。
於404，該方法可包括追蹤播放列表元件。被追蹤的元件可為例如表2中列舉的元件。
於408，該方法可包括偵測一存取切換事件。如前文討論，一存取切換事件期間可為例如從單播切換成廣播(及/或多播)存取法；從廣播(及/或多播)切換成單播存取法；及/或切換成不同的CDN。
當於408偵測一存取切換事件時，該方法400可包括於412運算一播放列表量表。於若干實施例中，運算一播 放列表量表可包括記錄被追蹤的播放列表元件，包括被切換成的存取法。
於416，該方法可包括報告所運算的播放列表量表。報告所運算的播放列表量表可藉發送該量表至一QoE報告模組例如媒體伺服器116的QoE報告模組132完成。
於若干實施例中，QoE監視模組120可記錄得自MPD的表示型態資訊。如此當QoE監視模組120報告時許可伺服器未直接存取MPD而瞭解所使用的媒體特性。每當UE 104發送含有述及MPD資訊尚未報告的一表示型態的任何其它品質量表報告時，QoE監視模組120可報告該MPD資訊量表。就此脈絡而言，也較佳地含括藉此可利用此種表示型態的存取法的資訊。可以@transportID屬性報告，可攜帶可用存取法的資訊以接收該媒體內容表示型態。 表3定義依據若干實施例用於QoE報告的一MPD資訊。
圖5例示說明依據若干實施例一種QoE監視方法500。方法500可由UE的QoE監視模組執行，諸如UE 104的QoE監視模組120。於若干實施例中，UE可包括及/或存取其上儲存有指令的一或多個電腦可讀取媒體，該等指令當執行時，使得UE或QoE監視模組執行方法500。
於504，QoE監視模組可監視媒體內容例如經以DASH格式化的內容的下載及回放。該下載及回放可藉媒體播放器例如媒體播放器124執行。當監視下載及回放中，QoE報告模組可記錄多個QoE量表。此等量表可包括但非僅限於：藉單播存取法傳遞的媒體組件之HTTP請求/回應異動處理、表示型態切換事件、與單播存取法相聯結的平均通量、與多播/廣播存取法相聯結的平均通量、初始播出延遲、緩衝器占用程度、播放列表、MPD資訊等。
於508，QoE監視模組可聯結一存取法及/或一存取切換事件與QoE量表中之一或多者。舉例言之，該存取 法可如前述就表示型態切換事件、播放列表、及/或MPD資訊記錄。
於512，QoE監視模組可發送包括相聯結的存取法及/或存取切換事件之指示的該等QoE量表給一QoE報告模組，例如媒體伺服器116的QoE報告模組132。於若干實施例中，該等QoE量表可以格式化為可擴延標記語言(XML)文件的一QoE報告發送。QoE監視模組可運用在其本體中攜帶XML-格式化之母資料的HTTP POST請求傳訊(RFC 2616)以發送該QoE報告給媒體伺服器。
於多個實施例中，QoE量表的發送可於定期報告或事件驅動報告中完成。事件驅動報告可藉QoE量表中之一或多者降至低於一預定臨界值或若干其它觸發提示。
於若干實施例中，QoE報告可在UE 104或媒體伺服器116啟動時作動/觸發。QoE報告可藉媒體伺服器116或其它伺服器發送一報告觸發給QoE監視模組而作動/觸發。該報告觸發例如可於一MPD檔案中作為例如，量表元件；OMA DM QoE管理物件；及/或通信期描述協定(SDP)訊息。
圖6例示說明依據若干實施例一種動態服務提供調整方法600。方法600可由媒體伺服器的QoE報告模組執行，諸如媒體伺服器116的QoE報告模組132。於若干實施例中，媒體伺服器可包括及/或存取其上儲存有指令的一或多個電腦可讀取媒體，該等指令當執行時，使得媒體伺服器或QoE報告模組執行方法600。
於604，該QoE報告模組可接收複數個QoE量表。 該等QoE量表可與藉單播存取法及/或多播/廣播存取法傳遞的媒體內容之下載及回放相聯結。如前文討論，此等所接收的QoE量表可包括但非僅限於：藉單播存取法傳遞的媒體組件之HTTP請求/回應異動處理、表示型態切換事件、與單播存取法相聯結的平均通量、與多播/廣播存取法相聯結的平均通量、初始播出延遲、緩衝器占用程度、播放列表、MPD資訊等。所接收的QoE量表中之至少一者可與存取法相聯結。
於608，該QoE報告模組可起始服務提供調整。於若干實施例中，該服務提供調整的起始可根據所接收的QoE量表中之一或多者。舉例言之，可決定當一DASH媒體內容的一特定表示型態係藉第一存取法傳遞時，客端例行性地從該特定表示型態切換。據此，QoE報告模組可將該表示型態偏轉朝向藉第二存取法傳遞。
該服務提供調整可為但非僅限於：將經以DASH格式化的內容從第一格式轉碼成第二格式；將存取法從第一存取法改成第二存取法；改變於經以DASH格式化的內容之傳遞中採用的一錯誤偵測及校正方案；及/或重新配置無線電資源用以管理藉單播存取法及/或多播/廣播存取法而傳遞經以DASH格式化的內容。
此處描述的QoE監視及回授用於故障的檢測及除錯、串流化效能的管理、致能智慧型客端適應性(對裝置製造商為有用)、及許可QoE-知曉網路適應性及服務提供(對網路操作員及內容/服務提供者為有用)可能為有利。
此處描述的UE 104及/或媒體伺服器116可體現於如所期望者使用任何適當硬體及/或軟體以組配的系統。針對一個實施例，圖7例示說明一個系統700實例包含一或多個處理器704、耦接至處理器704中之至少一者的系統控制邏輯708、耦接至系統控制邏輯708的系統記憶體712、耦合系統控制邏輯708的非依電性記憶體(NVM)/儲存裝置716、耦合系統控制邏輯708的網路介面720、及耦合系統控制邏輯708的輸入/輸出(I/O)裝置732。
處理器704可包括一或多個單核心或多核心處理器。處理器704可包括通用處理器與專用處理器(圖形處理器、應用處理器、基頻處理器等)之任一項組合。
針對一個實施例的系統控制邏輯708可包括任何適當介面控制器以提供任何適當介面至處理器704中之至少一者及/或至與系統控制邏輯708通訊的任何適當裝置或組件。
針對一個實施例的系統控制邏輯708可包括一或多個記憶體控制器以提供一介面至系統記憶體712。系統記憶體712可用以載入與儲存資料及/或指令，例如QoE邏輯724。針對一個實施例的系統記憶體712可包括任何適當依電性記憶體，諸如適當動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)。
NVM/儲存裝置716可包括用以儲存資料及/或指令的一或多個具體有形非過渡電腦可讀取媒體，例如QoE邏輯724。NVM/儲存裝置716可包括任何適當非依電性記憶體，諸如快閃記憶體，及/或可包括任何適當非依電性儲存 裝置，諸如一或多個硬碟機(HDD)、一或多個光碟(CD)驅動裝置、及/或一或多個數位影音碟(DVD)驅動裝置。
NVM/儲存裝置716可包括一儲存資源，其實體上為系統700安裝上的一裝置的一部分，或可由一裝置存取，但非必要為該裝置的一部分。舉例言之，NVM/儲存裝置716可藉網路介面720透過網路存取及/或透過輸入/輸出(I/O)裝置732存取。
QoE邏輯724可包括指令，當由處理器704中之一或多者執行時使得系統700如就前述實施例所描述，執行QoE監視、QoE報告、及/或服務提供調整。於多個實施例中，QoE邏輯724可包括設置於系統700的額外/替代元件中的硬體、軟體、及/或韌體組件。
網路介面720可具有一收發器722提供無線電介面給系統700以透過一或多個網路通訊及/或與任何其它適當裝置通訊。於多個實施例中，收發器722可整合系統700的其它組件。舉例言之，收發器722可包括處理器704中之一處理器、系統記憶體712的記憶體、及NVM/儲存裝置716的NVM/儲存裝置。網路介面720可包括任何適當硬體及/或韌體。網路介面720可包括複數個天線以提供多進多出無線電介面。針對一個實施例的網路介面720可包括例如有線網路配接器、無線網路配接器、電話數據機及/或無線數據機。
針對一個實施例，處理器704中之至少一者可與系統控制邏輯708中之一或多個控制器的邏輯一起封裝。針對一個實施例，處理器704中之至少一者可與系統控制邏輯 708中之一或多個控制器的邏輯一起封裝以形成一系統封裝(SiP)。針對一個實施例，處理器704中之至少一者可與系統控制邏輯708中之一或多個控制器的邏輯整合在同一個晶粒上。針對一個實施例，處理器704中之至少一者可與系統控制邏輯708中之一或多個控制器的邏輯整合在同一個晶粒上以形成一系統封裝(SiP)。
於多個實施例中，I/O裝置732可包括設計用以許可與系統700進行使用者互動的使用者介面、設計用以許可與系統700進行周邊組件互動的周邊組件介面、及/或設計用以決定系統700相關的環境條件及/或定位資訊的感測器。
於多個實施例中，該等使用者介面可包括但非僅限於顯示器(例如液晶顯示器、觸控螢幕顯示器等)、揚聲器、麥克風、一或多個照相機(例如靜態攝影機及/或視訊攝影機)、閃光燈(例如發光二極體(LED)閃光燈)、及鍵盤。
於多個實施例中，周邊組件介面可包括但非僅限於非依電性記憶體埠、通用串列匯流排(USB)埠、及音訊插孔、及電源供應器介面。
於多個實施例中，感測器可包括但非僅限於陀螺儀感測器、加速度計、鄰近感測器、周圍光感測器、及定位單元。該定位單元也可為網路介面720的一部分或與網路介面720互動以與定位網路的組件例如全球定位系統(GPS)衛星通訊。
於多個實施例中，系統700可為行動運算裝置， 諸如但非僅限於膝上型運算裝置、平板運算裝置、小筆電、智慧型手機等。於多個實施例中，系統700可具有更多或更少的組件，及/或不同的架構。
雖然此處已經舉例說明某些實施例用於描述目的，但未悖離本文揭示之範圍，經計算用以達成相同目的的寬廣多個替代及/或相當實施例或體現可取代所顯示的及所描述的實施例。本案意圖涵蓋此處討論的實施例之任何調適或變化。因此毫無疑義地此處描述之實施例係僅受申請專利範圍各項及其相當範圍所限。
100‧‧‧網路環境
104‧‧‧使用者設備(UE)
108‧‧‧無線電存取網路(RAN)
112‧‧‧增強節點B(eNB)
116‧‧‧媒體伺服器
120‧‧‧體驗品質(QoE)監視模組
124‧‧‧媒體播放器
128‧‧‧輸出裝置
132‧‧‧QoE報告模組
136‧‧‧內容傳遞模組
140‧‧‧內容儲存裝置
144‧‧‧單播(UC)傳輸模組
148‧‧‧多播/廣播(MC/BC)傳輸模組

Claims (34)

  1. 一種設備，其係包含：一媒體播放器，其係經組配以透過一單播存取法或一多播/廣播存取法經由一或多個無線電存取網路(RAN)組件，而從一媒體伺服器接收經超文字傳輸協定之動態適應性串流(DASH)格式化的內容；及一體驗品質(QoE)監視模組，其係耦接至該媒體播放器且經組配以：記錄複數個QoE量表，其中該等複數個QoE量表中之一第一QoE量表包括一存取法的一指示，其係包含該單播存取法或該多播/廣播存取法，或與該第一QoE量表相聯結的一存取切換事件之一指示，其係包含該單播存取法與該多播/廣播存取法間之一存取切換；及發送該等複數個QoE量表至一QoE報告伺服器。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該第一QoE量表係包含基於一表示型態切換的一表示型態切換事件量表，該表示型態切換係相對應於從接收一第一媒體內容表示型態至接收一第二媒體內容表示型態的一切換。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之設備，其中該表示型態切換事件量表係包括一存取法屬性以指示該存取法。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該第一QoE量表係 包括該存取切換事件的該指示，其係包含從一單播存取法至一多播/廣播存取法或從一多播/廣播存取法至一單播存取法的一存取切換。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該第一QoE量表係包含用以針對在一量測區間的一或多個回放週期登錄播放列表元件之一列表的一播放列表量表。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之設備，其中該QoE監視模組係用以：追蹤複數個播放列表元件；檢測一存取切換事件，其係指示從一單播存取法至一多播/廣播存取法或從一多播/廣播存取法至一單播存取法的一存取切換；在該等複數個播放列表元件之一第一播放列表元件中，提供該存取切換事件的該指示以指示該存取切換；及報告該等複數個播放列表元件之該第一播放列表元件。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之設備，其中播放列表元件之該列表係包括一停止理由參數，其係包括用以指示一切換至該單播存取法或多播/廣播存取法之該存取切換事件的該指示，作為為何一相聯結的媒體內容表示型態之一連續表示內容被中斷的一理由。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該第一QoE量表係包含在該所接收的經DASH格式化的內容之媒體內容表 示型態上的媒體表示內容描述(MPD)資訊。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之設備，其中該MPD資訊係包括用以指示該單播存取法或該多播/廣播存取法對於該等媒體內容表示型態係為可利用之該存取法的該指示。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該多播/廣播存取法係為一以多媒體廣播/多播(MBMS)服務或透過單向傳輸的檔案傳遞(FLUTE)為基的存取法，且該單播存取法係為一以超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)為基的存取法。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該QoE監視模組係進一步經組配以：從一伺服器接收一報告觸發；及基於該報告觸發的接收而發送該等複數個量表。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之設備，其中該QoE監視模組係經組配以接收該報告觸發於一媒體表示內容描述(MPD)、一開放行動聯盟(OMA)裝置管理(DM)QoE管理物件、或於一通信期描述協定(SDP)訊息中。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其中該媒體播放器係經組配以：透過該單播存取法接收該經DASH格式化的內容之一第一部分；及透過該多播存取法接收該經DASH格式化的內容之一第二部分。
  14. 一或多種具有指令的電腦可讀取媒體，當該等指令被執行時會致使一模組進行下列動作： 監視透過一單播存取法或一多播/廣播存取法經超文字傳輸協定之動態適應性串流(DASH)格式化的內容之下載及回放；及將一存取法，其係為該單播存取法或該多播/廣播存取法、或一存取切換事件與一體驗品質(QoE)量表相聯結；及發送該QoE量表給一QoE報告伺服器。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該QoE量表係包含基於一表示型態切換的一表示型態切換事件量表，該表示型態切換係相對應於從接收一第一媒體內容表示型態至接收一第二媒體內容表示型態的一切換，該表示型態切換事件量表具有用以指示與該表示型態切換事件相聯結之該存取法的一存取法參數。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第14項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該QoE量表係包含一播放列表量表，其具有用以指示該存取切換事件的一停止理由參數，作為為何一相聯結的媒體內容表示型態之一連續表示內容被停止的一理由。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該QoE量表係包含媒體表示內容描述(MPD)資訊，其具有該存取法對於媒體內容表示型態係為可利用的一指示。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第14項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其 中該多播/廣播存取法係根據多媒體廣播/多播(MBMS)服務或透過單向傳輸的檔案傳遞(FLUTE)，且該單播存取法係根據超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)。
  19. 一種方法，其係包含下列步驟：監視透過一無線電存取網路傳遞給一使用者設備的動態串流媒體內容之一下載及回放；記錄相對應於該動態串流媒體內容之該下載或回放的一或多個體驗品質(QoE)量表，其中該等一或多個QoE量表之一第一QoE量表包括一存取法之一指示或一存取切換事件之一指示，該動態串流媒體內容係藉由該存取法之該指示被傳遞給該使用者設備；及發送該等一或多個QoE量表至一報告模組。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第19項之方法，其中該第一QoE量表係包括用以指示從該第一存取法至一第二存取法之一存取切換的該存取切換事件之該指示。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中該第一存取法係為一單播存取法，且該第二存取法係為一多播/廣播存取法。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中該第一存取法係為一多播/廣播存取法，且該第二存取法係為一單播存取法。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中該第一存取法係基於得自一第一內容傳遞網路的接收，且該第二存取法係基於得自一第二內容傳遞網路的接收。
  24. 一或多種具有指令的電腦可讀取媒體，當該等指令被執行時會致使一體驗品質(QoE)報告伺服器進行下列動作：從一使用者設備接收有關於在該使用者設備上經超文字傳輸協定之動態適應性串流(DASH)格式化的內容之回放的複數個QoE量表，該等複數個QoE量表之一第一QoE量表係用以指示用來傳遞該經DASH格式化的內容給該使用者設備之一存取法，該存取法係為一單播存取法或一多播/廣播存取法，或一存取切換事件；及基於該等複數個QoE量表而啟動一服務提供調整給該經DASH格式化的內容之傳遞。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第24項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該服務提供調整係包含轉碼該經DASH格式化的內容。
  26. 如申請專利範圍第24項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該服務提供調整係包含改變採用於該經DASH格式化的內容之傳遞中的一錯誤偵測及校正方案。
  27. 如申請專利範圍第24項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該服務提供調整係包含將該存取法從該單播存取法改變成該多播/廣播存取法，或從該從該多播/廣播存取法改變成該單播存取法。
  28. 如申請專利範圍第24項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該服務提供調整係包含無線電資源的重新配置，其用於管理藉由該單播存取法或該多播/廣播存取法而傳遞 之該經DASH格式化的內容。
  29. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備，其進一步包含：一觸控螢幕顯示器，其中該媒體播放器係經組配以呈現該經DASH格式化的內容於該觸控螢幕顯示器上。
  30. 一或多種具有指令的電腦可讀取媒體，當該等指令被執行時會致使一透過超文字傳輸協定之動態適應性串流(DASH)客端用以進行下列動作：從一伺服器獲得一媒體串流的節段，該等節段係藉由一單播存取法或一廣播存取法而被提供給該DASH客端；記錄與該媒體串流之一呈現有關的一體驗品質(QoE)量表，其中該QoE量表係包括一切換成該單播存取法或該廣播存取法之一指示；及發送該QoE量表給一QoE報告伺服器。
  31. 如申請專利範圍第30項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該QoE量表係包含一播放列表量表，其用以針對在一量測區間內的一或多個回放週期登錄播放列表元件之一列表。
  32. 如申請專利範圍第31項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中該播放列表元件之列表係包括一停止理由參數，其係包括該切換之該指示，作為為何該媒體串流之一表示型態的一連續表示內容被停止的一理由。
  33. 如申請專利範圍第30項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其 中該廣播存取法係為一以多媒體廣播/多播服務(MBMS)或透過單向傳輸的檔案傳遞(FLUTE)為基的存取法，且該單播存取法係為一以超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)為基的存取法。
  34. 如申請專利範圍第26項之一或多種電腦可讀取媒體，其中當等指令被執行時會進一步致使該DASH客端進行下列動作：獲得一報告觸發於一媒體表示內容描述(MPD)、一開放行動聯盟(OMA)裝置管理(DM)QoE管理物件、或於一通信期描述協定(SDP)訊息中；及基於該報告觸發而發送該QoE量表。
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US20140047123A1 (en) 2014-02-13
FR2994783B1 (fr) 2017-09-01
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ES2534027B2 (es) 2016-04-08
CN103546477B (zh) 2017-06-20
US9161013B2 (en) 2015-10-13
ES2534027A2 (es) 2015-04-16
KR101584476B1 (ko) 2016-01-11
ITMI20131801A1 (it) 2014-01-29
TWI547160B (zh) 2016-08-21
BE1023100B1 (fr) 2016-11-21
FR2989855A1 (fr) 2013-10-25
JP2015519770A (ja) 2015-07-09
WO2013155104A1 (en) 2013-10-17
EP2837138A4 (en) 2015-08-05
US9438883B2 (en) 2016-09-06
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US20130268577A1 (en) 2013-10-10
TWI528806B (zh) 2016-04-01
SE1350442A1 (sv) 2013-10-10
FR2989855B1 (fr) 2018-03-02
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ES2532871B2 (es) 2016-03-17
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US10200668B2 (en) 2019-02-05
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