TW201339303A - 由人類誘導式全能型幹細胞快速引導分化為成熟肝細胞之方法,及其用於治療肝病之用途 - Google Patents
由人類誘導式全能型幹細胞快速引導分化為成熟肝細胞之方法,及其用於治療肝病之用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種能夠有效且快速引導誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)分化成肝細胞之方法。根據本發明之方法,iPS細胞可在短時間(較佳係少於15天)內分化成功能性肝細胞,所得之肝細胞不僅具有類似成熟肝細胞之基因表現型,且已在小鼠模式中證明,可援救致死的猛爆性肝衰竭。由於本發明之方法能大幅縮減習知技術產生功能性肝細胞所需的時間,因此可有效解決等待肝臟移植時病患正常肝功能之維持問題。
Description
本發明係關於將全能型幹細胞快速引導分化為成熟肝細胞之方法。特別是關於可大幅縮減人類誘導式全能型幹細胞分化成肝細胞所需時間,提供誘導式全能型幹細胞於短時間(少於15天)分化成功能性肝細胞的方法,以及其在提供自體細胞移植來源上之應用。
病毒性肝炎或藥物常造成肝臟損傷及壞死。對於末期肝病患者,肝臟移植是唯一有效的治療方式。然而,長期免疫抑制所產生的副作用,以及缺乏適合之肝臟供給者,是肝臟移植的主要阻礙。
近年來已研發透過利用病毒載體,把與幹細胞的萬能分化性相關的四種轉錄因子轉導至體細胞(例如皮膚細胞)中,可誘導小鼠及人類之體細胞改造(reprogramming),讓其返回到事實上與胚胎幹細胞的功能相同的原始細胞階段,而得到誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)。不像人類胚胎幹細胞(ESC),需要將來自於胚盤胞期之內部細胞塊進行培養而成,而由於誘導式全能型幹細胞的製作,是首度沒有使用受精卵或是胚胎幹細胞而創造出具有萬能分化能力之幹細胞,其獲得並不需要從胚胎中提取細胞,因此解決了舊有技術在道德上的爭議之虞。
除了以往人類胚胎幹細胞所產生之道德倫理問題,可以藉由iPS細胞取得根本的解決方式之外,另一方面,理論上具有萬能分化性之細胞,可以經過誘導分化之手段,使其分化成為身體中所有之組織與器官。如果使用人類病患自身細胞所創造出之iPS細胞,則培養出之組織或是器官作為移植回原患者身體內時,將可避開自身免疫系統之攻擊之難題。因此,iPS細
胞可成為再生醫學中,備受注目的重要細胞來源。此外,利用患者本身之細胞所形成之iPS細胞,將其做特定細胞誘導分化後,可解決以往在取得人類組織細胞上的困難點,以成為研究該人類細胞之生物特性,或是研究某致病機轉之良好材料。另外,由於iPS細胞是從患者本身的體細胞得來,故可獲得具有個別性、專一性之細胞材料,而針對某種藥劑做為其毒性評估的另一種平台。
鑒於人類誘導式全能型幹細胞具有能夠分化成多種細胞之潛能,進而提供自體細胞移植來源,並且克服異體移植後需要服用免疫抑制藥物的缺點。因此,本案發明人致力於研發能夠快速引導人全能型幹細胞分化成自體肝細胞的平台,希望提供穩定的細胞移植來源,解決目前肝臟移植器官來源不足,以及移植後需要服用免疫抑制藥物等缺點。
目前本發明技術領域已發表之文獻,有關於引導人類誘導式全能型幹細胞分化成肝細胞之方法,多著重於如何成功分化形成肝細胞,加上可以選擇的分化方法數量並不多,而且大多的分化方法需要至少大約3週(約21天)才能得到有功能之肝細胞,因此如何縮短分化時間並維持分化的效率,則是吾人欲改善之主要問題。
本案發明人於先前發表的報告,已藉由一種包含使用HGF與抑瘤素M(oncostatin M)之二步驟方法,從間質幹細胞(mesenchymal stem cells)成功產生肝細胞之細胞(參見,Lee KD等人,2004,Hepatology 40:1275-1284)。而本發明則更進一步描述一種三步驟誘導分化方法,可於包含HGF與促進素A(activin A)傳訊之內皮層誘導步驟中,顯著促進已分化完全的內胚層形成;並於活體外產生功能性肝細胞。
本發明係基於發現,一種能夠有效且快速引導誘導式全能
型幹細胞(iPS細胞)分化成肝細胞之方法。根據本發明之方法,iPS細胞可在短時間(少於20天,較佳係少於15天)內分化成功能性肝細胞。
因此,於一方面,本發明係關於一種由人類誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)快速引導分化為成熟肝細胞之方法,其特徵在於將iPS細胞培養於含有高濃度的促進素(activin)、Wnt訊號及肝細胞生長因子(HGF)之條件下,誘導形成發育完全的內胚層;之後再轉換以成肝系誘導培養基(hepatic commitment medium)處理,誘導分化成功能性肝細胞。
於本發明之實施態樣,所述快速引導iPS細胞分化為成熟肝細胞之方法包含:(1)誘導前步驟,將人類iPS細胞培養於小鼠胚胎纖維母細胞(MEF)-條件培養液(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium[DMEM]/F12培養基補充以剔除血清替代物(knockout serum replacement)、10 ng/mL基本纖維母細胞生長因子、1 mM L-谷氨酸、100 μM非必須胺基酸、100 μM 2-巰基乙醇、50 U/mL青黴素與50 mg/mL鏈黴素)中4-6天,使細胞達約70%舖滿;(2)內胚層誘導步驟,將細胞置換至含有100 ng/mL促進素A(activin A)(PeproTech,London,UK)、50 ng/mL Wnt3a與10 ng/mL HGF(R&D Systems)之Roswell Park Memorial Institute/B27,培養3-5天以誘導內胚層形成;(3)肝系細胞誘導步驟,將培養基置換為成肝系誘導培養基(hepatic commitment medium)(剔除[KO]/DMEM,含有20%剔除血清替代物(knockout serum replacement)、1 mM L-谷氨酸、1%非必須胺基酸、0.1 mM 2-巰基乙醇與1%二甲亞碸),培養4-6天;之後進入(4)成熟步驟,將細胞培養於補充以20 ng/mL抑瘤素M(oncostatin M)(Invitrogen)、0.5 μM地塞米松與50 mg/mL ITS預混合物(BD Biosciences,San Jose,CA)之Iscove’s修改的Dulbecco’s培養基(IMDM)中培養5-7天,直至細胞成熟轉變成肝細胞。
於本發明之具體實施例,所述之誘導前步驟係將人類iPS
細胞於不含滋養層細胞之MEF-限制培養基中生長4-6天。
於本發明之快速引導iPS細胞分化為成熟肝細胞之方法,所得之肝細胞具有和成熟肝細胞類似的基因表現型,亦具有製造尿素及儲存肝醣等能力。
於一方面,根據本發明分化方法產生的肝細胞,可用於移植到肝病患者,以修復或防止該患者因急性或慢性肝病造成的肝臟損傷。
在本發明所使用的特殊術語有其原本的意義,如下所用的某些特殊術語是提供熟悉該技藝者能更進一步了解本發明內容。除非另有規定,本發明所涉及的科學和技術所用詞彙和一般普通技能所使用的詞彙為相同的,若是有所衝突的情況下,本發明將會給予名詞新的定義。
本發明所使用的“誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)”意指,利用病毒載體等方式將特定基因,或是特定基因產物(蛋白質)導入體細胞(如皮膚細胞或肝臟細胞)中,使該體細胞變成為如同胚胎幹細胞(ES細胞)般,具備有分化成各式細胞之多功能分化能力,並且可以持續增生分裂的細胞。
本發明方法之主要特徵在於,將iPS細胞培養於含有高濃度的促進素(activin)、Wnt傳訊及HGF之條件下,誘導形成發育完全的內胚層,以利其之後再分化成肝系細胞,及進一步熟成為具功能性的成熟肝細胞;藉此,可提供一種快速引導iPS細胞分化為成熟肝細胞之方法。
用於本文,“快速引導iPS細胞分化為成熟肝細胞”係指在短時間(少於20天,較佳地少於15天)內,促使iPS細胞分化成具功能性的肝細胞,相較於習知的分化方法需要至少約3週(約21天)才能得到有功能之肝細胞。
根據本發明之方法,由人類iPS細胞分化產生的“肝細
胞”或“成熟肝細胞”係指,具有初級人類肝細胞相似之基因表現型,且呈現初級人類肝細胞所擁有的肝臟代謝功能,例如能夠製造尿素、攝取LDL及儲存肝醣等功能之細胞。
本發明之其他特色及優點將於下列實施範例中被進一步舉例與說明,而該實施範例僅作為輔助說明,並非用於限制本發明之範圍。
將人類誘導式全能型幹細胞系CFB46培養於,含有經絲裂黴素-C(Sigma-Aldrich,St Louis,MO)去活化之小鼠胚胎纖維母細胞(MEF)做為滋養層細胞(feeder layer)的ES細胞培養基([DMEM]/F12,補充以20%剔除血清替代物(knockout serum replacement)、10 ng/mL基本纖維母細胞生長因子、1 mM L-谷氨酸、100 μM非必須胺基酸、100 μM 2-巰基乙醇、50 U/mL青黴素與50 mg/mL鏈黴素[Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA]),使其維持在未分化狀態。
進行本發明之引導肝細胞分化方法之前,先將人類iPS細胞使用不含滋養層細胞之MEF-限制培養基,繼代培養於覆蓋有Matrigel之培養盤。細胞生長4天(誘導前步驟,第-4至第0天)後,人類誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)群落可達70%舖滿,且細胞顯示有表現人類幹細胞(ES cell)表面標記蛋白,包括octamer-結合轉錄因子4(Oct-4,亦稱為POU5F1)、階段-特異性胚胎抗原4(SSEA-4)或腫瘤排斥抗原Tra 1-60與Tra 1-81(參見圖1)。此等結果證明,該等人類iPS細胞在成肝細胞分化之前,具有分化全能的特性。
接著進行內胚層誘導步驟,將原先的MEF-限制培養基置換成含有100 ng/mL促進素A(activin A)(PeproTech,London,
UK)、50 ng/mL Wnt3a與10 ng/mL HGF(R&D Systems)之Roswell Park Memorial Institute/B27,培養3天誘導內胚層形成(第1至第3天)。接者進行肝系細胞誘導步驟,將培養基置換為成肝性培養基(hepatic commitment medium)(剔除[KO]/DMEM,含有20%剔除血清替代物(knockout serum replacement)、1 mM L-谷氨酸、1%非必須胺基酸、0.1 mM 2-巰基乙醇與1%二甲亞碸),培養4天(第4至第7天)。最後為成熟步驟,將細胞培養於補充以20 ng/mL抑瘤素M(oncostatin M)(Invitrogen)、0.5 μM地塞米松與50 mg/mL ITS預混合物(BD Biosciences,San Jose,CA)之Iscove’s修改的Dulbecco’s培養基(IMDM)中培養5天(第8至第12天)。
各引導分化階段所使用的培養基與培養時間,彙整於下表:
於前述方法,人類iPS細胞在不含滋養層細胞之培養條件進行培養4天後,可達到70%鋪滿(圖2A(i)),之後開始(第0天)以含有activin A、Wnt3a及HGF之內胚層誘導培養基處理。此步驟產生具有尖頭狀形態之人類iPS細胞(圖2A(ii)),因為其在脫離細胞-細胞接觸後即喪失ES細胞結構。由免疫染色結
果顯示,大多數細胞呈現Sox17(性-決定區Y box 17,為發育完全之內胚層標記蛋白)陽性(圖2B),表示該等人類iPS細胞在內胚層誘導步驟中,被有效分化成發育完全的內胚層。
在內胚層誘導步驟之後,將細胞換成以成肝性培養基處理3天,此步驟使細胞形態從尖狀轉變為,具有緊密細胞-細胞接觸之多邊形(圖2A(iii))。最後,將培養基更換為成熟培養基,促使人類iPS細胞形態轉變成立方形(圖2A(iv))。此等細胞的免疫染色確定,此等肝細胞對於alpha-胎兒蛋白(AFP)及白蛋白呈(ALB)現陽性(圖2C)。
根據本發明之實驗發現,肝細胞生長因子(HGF)會誘導發育完全之內胚層標記蛋白(Sox17及Foxa2)的表現快速增加(圖3)。iPS細胞之細胞形態亦很快變成尖頭狀。而且,轉錄因子Snail(為E-鈣黏素基因之轉錄作用的強抑制子)受到含有HGF之內胚層誘導培養基增量調節。
本實例為測定根據本發明分化系統由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞是否呈現肝系細胞的成熟特徵,遂藉由反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應(RT-PCR),檢測各種早期肝臟標記蛋白基因,包括肝細胞核因子4(HNF-4)、白蛋白、細胞角蛋白18(CK-18)、葡萄糖6-磷酸酯(G-6P)、細胞色素P450 3A4(CYP3A4)及細胞色素P450 7A1(CYP7A1)之基因表現情形。結果如圖4A所示,所有前述基因皆於由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞中表現。
為測定該等肝臟標記蛋白於iPS細胞經誘導前及誘導後之定量表現程度,遂藉由定量PCR檢測基因表現情形,並將所得結果對初級人類肝細胞正常化。圖4B之結果顯示,在由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞中,肝臟基因AFP、TDO2與轉甲狀腺素蛋白(TTR)之表現量,顯著較初級人類肝細胞中的高。而且,如果比較在與由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞中的表現情形,則發現
ALB、細胞角蛋白18(CK-18)、HNF-4A、酪胺酸胺基轉移酶(TAT)及低密度脂蛋白受體(LDLR),在由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞中的表現量較高。
根據圖4C之基因表現微列陣分析結果,已分化之細胞(橙色點,iH-CFB46)相較於來自Si-Tayeb組群的iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞(紫色點,iH),顯示該等由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞與原始的iPSCs(綠色及紅色點,分別為iPSC與CFB46)不同,且較接近初級肝細胞(藍色點,PH),本發明之已分化細胞較接近初級肝細胞。
為分析由人類iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞的功能狀況,遂進一步測定其代謝能力。細胞色素P450酵素同功異型體(細胞色素P450 3A4)為一種涉及肝臟代謝外來化合物之重要酵素。圖5A之結果證明,本發明之已分化細胞呈現類似於在初級人類肝細胞中觀察到的CYP3A4活性,而且該酵素之表現量顯著較人類iPS細胞的高。亦分析本發明之已分化細胞的尿素分泌能力。在第天可偵測到尿素產生(圖5B)。此外,由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞具有LDL吸收能力(圖5C)。
進一步藉由定期酸-Schiff(PAS)染色測定是否有儲存的肝醣出現,來鑑定由人類iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞的肝醣儲存功能。由圖5D(i)顯示,肝糖經染色呈現洋紅色,且在本發明之已分化細胞中有觀察到(第12天)。接著進行澱粉酶水解反應,確定所觀察到的陽性染色是因為確實有肝醣存在所致,結果如圖5D(ii)所示。以初級人類肝細胞做為陽性對照組(圖5D(iii)及5D(iv))。
由本實例之結果證明,本發明之方法所產生由人類iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞,不僅可表現肝臟標記蛋白,其亦具有製造尿素及儲存肝醣等初級肝細胞所擁有的能力。
本實例係為分析由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞的治療潛能。使用在NOD-SCID小鼠藉由CCl4造成之猛爆性肝臟衰竭做為動物模式。CCl4施予之最適劑量為0.35 mL/kg體重,且在施用後2週內造成所有動物死亡。由圖6A之結果顯示,移植4.0 x 107個iPS細胞每公斤體重,並無法拯救接受者動物逃離猛爆性肝臟衰竭(7隻小鼠中無小鼠存活)。但是,在接受4.0 x 107個由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞每公斤體重移植的小鼠中,有71%實驗動物被拯救免除因造成的致死(7隻小鼠中有5隻小鼠存活)。
圖6B列示有或無接受細胞移植(iPS細胞或由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞)之小鼠,在施予CCl4處理後的組織病理分析結果。顯示,在無接受細胞移植之對照組,確實造成次嚴重性(submassive)肝壞死(圖6B(Viii)),而藉由移植由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞,可防止該因CCl4造成的肝壞死(圖6B(vi)),但是移植iPS細胞則無此功效(圖6B(vii))。生物化學分析顯示,在NOD-SCID小鼠以CCl4處理經過28天期間,肝臟標記蛋白例如谷氨酸草醯乙酸胺基轉移酶(GOT)、谷氨酸丙胺酸胺基轉移酶(GPT)、白蛋白、總體膽紅素及乳酸脫氫酶之血清濃度呈現動態變化,確定造成急性肝衰竭。各肝功能指標蛋白之血清濃度變化情形,參見下表2所示。
由前述之實施例結論,本發明已研發一種於活體外快速引導誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)分化成肝細胞之方法及系統,而所分化得之肝細胞經證明具有,與成熟肝細胞相似的基因表現及代謝功能。前述之分化方法及系統具有許多優點,例如,本發明可從肝病患者之體系胞誘導成為iPS細胞,再經由本發明之活體外分化系統,引導該iPS細胞快速地分化產生肝細胞,再移植到原患者體內,以修復肝臟損傷並恢復肝臟功能。再者,因為使用本發明之分化系統,僅需大約12天即能夠使人類iPS細胞分化成功能性肝細胞,故可大幅縮短患者需要肝移植的等待時間,更能有效控制疾病的療程。
本說明書中所揭示之全部特徵可以任何組合方式組合。於
是,本說明書中所揭示之各別特徵可由依相同、相等或類似目的之替代特徵取代。因此,除非另行清楚地指示,所揭示之各特徵僅為一系列同等物或類似特徵之實例。
從前述之說明,習於該項技藝人士可容易地確定本發明之基本特徵,且在未偏離其範圍下,可進行本發明之各種改變與修飾,以使其適於各種不同用途與狀況。因此,於申請專利範圍內亦包含其他具體態樣。
圖1顯示當人類iPS細胞使用MEF-限制培養基,培養於覆蓋有Matrigel之培養盤上,針對其幹細胞標記蛋白:Oct-4(綠色)、SSEA-4(綠色)、TRA 1-60(紅色)與TRA 1-81(紅色)之表現情形。尺標:100 μm。原始放大倍率為100倍。DAPI代表4’,6-二醯胺基-2-苯基吲哚(藍色)。
圖2顯示從人類iPS細胞產生肝細胞期間之細胞形態及標記蛋白表現。(A)由顯微鏡觀察顯示從人類iPS細胞至分化成肝細胞之順序細胞形態變化。(B)經由免疫化學分析顯示在第4天有內胚層標記蛋白SOX17表現(紅色)。(C)免疫化學分析顯示在開始分化程序後第12天細胞呈現AFP與白蛋白陽性反應。尺標:100 μm。原始放大倍率為100倍。DAPI代表4’,6-二醯胺基-2-苯基吲哚(藍色)。
圖3顯示肝細胞生長因子(HGF)在進行分化之第5天(內胚成誘導形成步驟),誘導發育完全之內胚層標記蛋白(Sox17及Foxa2)的表現快速增加。
圖4為從人類iPS細胞至分化成肝細胞期間之基因表現情形。(A)以反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應(RT-PCR),檢測人類iPS細胞及由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞的肝臟標記蛋白alpha-胎兒蛋白(AFP)、肝細胞核因子-4(HNF-4)、白蛋白(ALB)、細胞角蛋白18(CK-18)、葡萄糖6-磷酸酯(G-6P)、色胺酸2,3-二氧化酶
(TDO2)、酪胺酸胺基轉移酶(TAT)、細胞色素P450 3A4(CYP3A4)及細胞色素P450 7A1(CYP7A1)之基因表現,以甘油醛3-磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH)為基準正常化。(B)以定量PCR分析肝臟標記蛋白AFP、ALB、CK-18、HNF4a、轉甲狀腺素蛋白(TTR)、TAT、TDO2、二肽基肽酶4(DPP4)及低密度脂蛋白受體(LDLR),基因表現量係以初級人類肝細胞為基準正常化。(C)多維掃描圖顯示細胞組群之分子特徵的判別能力。各點代表單一列陣樣本。每一細胞組群呈現顯著且相異的整體基因表現型(n=3)。iHCFB46代表本發明由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞;iPSC-CFB46代表來自Kuo組群14之人類iPS細胞;iH-T代表來自Si-Tayeb組群之由人類iPS細胞衍生的肝細胞;iPSC-T代表來自Si-Tayeb組群17之人類iPS細胞;代表初級人類肝細胞。
圖5為由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞的功能性分析。(A)經誘導12天後,由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞呈現與初級人類肝細胞相似的細胞色素P450同功酵素活性;(B)顯示具有尿素分泌能力。(C)免疫螢光染色偵測由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞的LDL攝取(紅色)。(D)以PAS染色檢測肝醣儲存,使用初級人類肝細胞為陽性對照組。原始放大倍率為100倍。
圖6顯示由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞能防止CCl4-所誘導之致死性猛爆性肝衰竭。(A)接受脾內細胞移植4.0 x 107個由iPS細胞衍生之肝細胞每公斤體重的小鼠(每組n=7)之存活曲線。(B)有或無接受細胞移植之小鼠在施予CCl4後其肝臟的外觀及組織病理分析結果。(C,D)以免疫化學法利用抗人類及人類白蛋白抗體偵測人類肝細胞。原始放大倍率為200倍。
Claims (10)
- 一種引導人類誘導式全能型幹細胞(iPS細胞)分化為肝細胞之方法,其包含:(1)誘導前步驟,將人類iPS細胞培養於小鼠胚胎纖維母細胞(MEF)-條件培養液(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium[DMEM]/F12培養基補充以剔除血清替代物(knockout serum replacement)、10 ng/mL基本纖維母細胞生長因子、1 mM L-谷氨酸、100 μM非必須胺基酸、100 μM 2-巰基乙醇、50 U/mL青黴素與50 mg/mL鏈黴素)達約70%舖滿;(2)內胚層誘導步驟,將培養基置換成含有100 ng/mL促進素A(activin A)、50 ng/mL Wnt3a與10 ng/mL肝細胞生長因子(HGF)之Roswell Park Memorial Institute/B27培養基,培養3-5天以誘導內胚層形成;(3)肝系細胞誘導步驟,將培養基置換為成肝系誘導培養基(hepatic commitment medium)(剔除[KO]/DMEM,含有20%剔除血清替代物(knockout serum replacement)、1 mM L-谷氨酸、1%非必須胺基酸、0.1 mM 2-巰基乙醇與1%二甲亞碸),培養4-6天。(4)成熟步驟,將細胞培養於補充以20 ng/mL抑瘤素M(oncostatin M)、0.5 μM地塞米松與50 mg/mL血清補助因子ITS預混合物(胰島素,轉鐵蛋白,亞硒酸)之Iscove’s修改的Dulbecco’s培養基(IMDM)中培養5-7天,而產生成熟的類肝細胞。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該誘導前步驟係將人類iPS細胞於進行分化之前,先在不含滋養層細胞之MEF-限制培養基中生長中4-6天使細胞達約70%舖滿。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其所得之肝細胞具有和成熟肝細胞類似的基因表現型。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其所得之肝細胞具有製造尿素及儲存肝醣的功能。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其所得之肝細胞具有儲存肝醣的功能。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其所得之肝細胞具有吸收低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的功能。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其所得之肝細胞係用於移植到肝病患者,以修復或防止該患者因急性或慢性肝病造成的肝臟損傷。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法所製得之肝細胞培養物,其中該肝細胞具有和人類肝細胞類似的基因表現型。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項之肝細胞培養物,其係用於治療或預防急性或慢性肝病造成的肝臟損傷。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項之肝細胞培養物,其係用於肝病患者之移植。
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