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TW201324006A - 液晶顯示裝置 - Google Patents

液晶顯示裝置 Download PDF

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TW201324006A
TW201324006A TW101142760A TW101142760A TW201324006A TW 201324006 A TW201324006 A TW 201324006A TW 101142760 A TW101142760 A TW 101142760A TW 101142760 A TW101142760 A TW 101142760A TW 201324006 A TW201324006 A TW 201324006A
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liquid crystal
substrate
display device
crystal display
chiral agent
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TWI490616B (zh
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Chih-Yung Hsieh
Chien-Hung Chen
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Chimei Innolux Corp
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134318—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement having a patterned common electrode
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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Abstract

本發明提供一種液晶顯示裝置。上述液晶顯示裝置包括一第一基板，其具有至少一畫素單元，上述畫素單元係具有一畫素電極；一第二基板，其具有一對向電極；一第一偏光片，設置於上述第一基板下方；一第二偏光片，設置於上述第二基板上方，且其偏光軸與上述第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直；一摻入手性劑之液晶層，設置於上述第一基板與上述第二基板之間，其中摻入手性劑之上述液晶層具有負色散特性。

Description

液晶顯示裝置
本發明係有關於一種液晶顯示裝置，特別係有關於一種具高穿透率特性的液晶顯示裝置。
液晶顯示裝置係利用液晶分子在不同排列狀態下，對於光線具有不同的偏振或折射效果的特性來控制光線的穿透量，進而使液晶顯示裝置得以產生影像。傳統扭轉向列型(Twisted Nematic，TN)液晶顯示裝置，具有非常好的穿透特性，但受到液晶分子結構與光學特性的影響，相對其視角非常狹窄。因此如何讓顯示器同時兼具廣視角與高的光利用率，將對面板顯示技術造成新的突破。
為了解決此問題，近來業者已開發出垂直配向型(Vertical Alignment，VA)的廣視角液晶顯示裝置，例如：圖形垂直配向型(Patterned Vertical Alignment，PVA)液晶顯示裝置、多區域垂直配向型(Multi-domain Vertical Alignment，MVA)液晶顯示裝置等；其中PVA型是利用邊緣場效應及補償板達到廣視角的目的。至於MVA型則是將一個像素分隔成多個區域，並使用突起物或銦錫氧化物透明導電膜(ITO)之特定圖形結構，使位於不同區域的液晶分子能夠朝不同方向傾倒，因此可以同時達到廣視角與提升穿透率的作用。
有鑑於此，需要一種液晶顯示裝置，其具有高穿透率特性的且同時改善上述缺點。
有鑑於此，本發明另一實施例係提供一種液晶顯示裝置，上述液晶顯示裝置包括一第一基板，其具有至少一畫素單元，上述畫素單元係具有一畫素電極；一第二基板，其具有一對向電極；一第一偏光片，設置於上述第一基板下方；一第二偏光片，設置於上述第二基板上方，且其偏光軸與上述第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直；一摻入手性劑之液晶層，設置於上述第一基板與上述第二基板之間，其中摻入手性劑之上述液晶層具有負色散特性。
以下以各實施例詳細說明並伴隨著圖式說明之範例，做為本發明之參考依據。在圖式或說明書描述中，相似或相同之部分皆使用相同之圖號。且在圖式中，實施例之形狀或是厚度可擴大，並以簡化或是方便標示。再者，圖式中各元件之部分將以分別描述說明之，值得注意的是，圖中未繪示或描述之元件，為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所知的形式。
本發明之目的在於提供一種具廣視角(wide-viewing-angle)和高穿透率(high-transmittance)特性的液晶(LC)顯示裝置。上述液晶顯示裝置係使用摻入手性劑(chiral)之液晶材料做為液晶顯示裝置的液晶層。
第1圖為本發明一實施例之液晶顯示裝置500的剖面圖。本發明一實施例的液晶顯示裝置500可為垂直配向 (VA)型液晶顯示裝置。如第1圖所示，液晶顯示裝置500包括相對設置且大體上互相平行的一第一基板214和一第二基板208。在本發明一實施例中，第一基板214可視為一薄膜電晶體基板，其係包含一基底212、至少一畫素單元。畫素單元具有一畫素電極216以及一薄膜電晶體(圖未顯示)，設置在基底212上。在本發明一實施例中，基底212例如是玻璃基板。另外，各畫素單元之間可設有黑色矩陣(圖未顯示)。
第二基板208可視為一彩色濾光片基板，其具有一基底204、一對向電極206及彩色濾光片(圖未顯示)，另外，各彩色濾光片之間可設有黑色矩陣(圖未顯示)。
液晶顯示裝置500更包括一第一偏光板218以及一第二偏光板210，第一偏光板218係設置於第一基板214下方，第二偏光板210係設置於第二基板208上方。在本發明一實施例中，第一偏光板218及第二偏光板210的偏光軸互相垂直。在本發明一實施例中，液晶顯示裝置500更包括一第一補償膜222，位於第一基板214和第一偏光板218之間，以及一第二補償膜224，位於第二基板208和第二偏光板210之間。
如第1圖所示，液晶顯示裝置500的液晶層202係設置於第一基板214與第二基板208之間。在本發明一實施例中，液晶層202所使用的液晶分子為向列型液晶材料，其可為負型向列型液晶，亦可為正型向列型液晶。且液晶層202係添加有旋光性物質，例如添加手性劑(chiral)， 因此液晶層202的液晶分子會沿一軸向扭轉因而具有旋光性，此軸向係平行於第一基板214之法線。
第2圖為本發明一實施例之液晶顯示裝置200的電極圖樣的上視圖。第2圖係顯示位於第一基板214(薄膜電晶體基板)側的畫素電極216以及位於第二基板208(彩色濾光片基板)側的對向電極206的最小單位圖樣。
第3a圖為第一基板214和第二基板208之間無施加電場時，液晶顯示裝置500的液晶層202的液晶分子203排列之側視圖，其中第一偏光板218和第二偏光板210中的箭頭方向係分別為兩者的偏光軸方向。第3b圖為第一基板214和第二基板208之間施加電場時，液晶顯示裝置500的液晶層202的液晶分子203排列之側視圖。如第3b圖所示，液晶分子203係從第一基板214至第二基板208逐漸扭轉，而且逐漸傾倒至水平後又逐漸站立。隨施加電場值提升，液晶分子完全傾倒呈水平排列之範圍也隨之擴大，其中液晶分子扭轉角度可藉由調整手性劑濃度來決定。若以d表示液晶層厚度，並以p表示手性劑節距，則液晶分子扭轉量可以d/p比值來表示。
請參考第4a圖和第4b圖，第4a圖係顯示使用未添加手性劑的液晶製成的液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域穿透率示意圖，而第4b圖係顯示使用添加手性劑的液晶製成的液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域穿透率示意圖，上述第4a和4b圖顯示的液晶顯示裝置的電極圖樣與第2圖相同。如第4a和4b圖所示，由於添加手性劑的液晶分子本身的扭轉，會使 顯示區域中因液晶分子未傾倒或傾倒角度錯誤而產生的光學暗紋變細變淡，達到高穿透率的目的。
液晶顯示裝置對於不同波長的入射光會具有不同的穿透率分佈。第5a至5c圖分別顯示本發明一實施例之包括摻入手性劑之液晶層的液晶顯示裝置500在入射光分別為紅光(波長範圍約為450±30nm)、綠光(波長範圍約為550±30nm)和藍光(波長範圍約為650±30nm)時，其顯示區域之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)和光程差(△nd)參數變化所對應的穿透率分佈，其中液晶顯示裝置的施加電壓約為7V，液晶顯示裝置的視角等於0度，△n表示摻入手性劑之液晶層之雙折射係數(亦即快軸及慢軸之間的折射率差)，d為摻入手性劑之液晶層厚度，入射光光波長為λ。在本實施例中，液晶顯示裝置500之入射光光波長操作範圍介於380nm至780nm之間。並且，習知液晶顯示裝置之摻入手性劑之液晶層對紅光、綠光和藍光的雙折射係數△n設計值分別為0.125、0.115和0.105，且習知液晶顯示裝置之摻入手性劑之液晶層的厚度設計值約為4μm。因此，習知液晶顯示裝置在入射光分別為紅光(波長範圍約為450±30nm)、綠光(波長範圍約為550±30nm)和藍光(波長範圍約為650±30nm)時，其顯示區域之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)設計值和光程差(△nd)設計值所對應的穿透率係標示為第5a至5c圖中的三角形點。在本發明一實施例中，液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)理想值係介於0.2和0.3之間。在本實施例中，液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p) 理想值約為0.25。注意習知液晶顯示裝置在入射光為紅光、綠光和藍光時所對應的穿透率(第5a至5c圖中的三角形點)無法同時達到高穿透率(0.37-0.40)的目標。
為了提升液晶顯示裝置對於不同波長的入射光所對應的穿透率，本發明一實施例之使用摻入手性劑之液晶層之液晶顯示裝置500可設計為具有負色散特性(negative dispersion characteristics)。負色散特性(negative dispersion characteristics)的定義為摻入手性劑之液晶層的折射係數(refractive index(n))對入射光波長(λ)的一次微分結果大於零(意即>0)。因此，當入射光波長增加時，摻入手性劑之液晶層的折射係數(n)或快軸及慢軸之間的折射率差△n也會增加。第5a至5c圖的圓形點係顯示液晶顯示裝置500，其使用摻入手性劑之具負色散特性的液晶層，在入射光分別為紅光(波長範圍約為450±30nm)、綠光(波長範圍約為550±30nm)和藍光(波長範圍約為650±30nm)時，其顯示區域在光程差(△nd)設計值(對紅光為0.59、對綠光為0.49，對藍光為0.38)和液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)理想值所對應的穿透率。在本發明一實施例中，液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)理想值係介於0.2和0.3之間。在本實施例中，液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)理想值約為0.25。注意液晶顯示裝置500，其使用摻入手性劑之具負色散特性的液晶層，在入射光為紅光、綠光和藍光時所對應的穿透率能夠同時達到高穿透率(0.37-0.40)的目標。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定 本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定為準。
202‧‧‧摻入手性劑之液晶層
203‧‧‧液晶分子
204、212‧‧‧基底
206‧‧‧對向電極
208‧‧‧第二基板
210‧‧‧第二偏光片
214‧‧‧第一基板
216‧‧‧畫素電極
218‧‧‧第一偏光片
222‧‧‧第一補償膜
224‧‧‧第二補償膜
500‧‧‧液晶顯示裝置
第1圖為本發明一實施例之之液晶顯示裝置之剖面圖。
第2圖為本發明一實施例之液晶顯示裝置的電極的上視圖。
第3a圖係為無施加電場時，本發明一實施例之之液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子排列之側視圖。
第3b圖係為施加電場下，本發明一實施例之之液晶顯示裝置之液晶分子排列之側視圖。
第4a圖顯示使用未添加手性劑的液晶製成的液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域穿透率示意圖。
第4b圖顯示使用添加手性劑的液晶製成的液晶顯示裝置之顯示區域穿透率示意圖。
第5a至5c圖分別顯示本發明一實施例之包括摻入手性劑之液晶層的液晶顯示裝置在入射光分別為紅光(波長範圍約為450±30nm)、綠光(波長範圍約為550±30nm)和藍光(波長範圍約為650±30nm)時，其顯示區域之液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)和光程差(△nd)參數變化所對應的穿透率分佈。
202‧‧‧摻入手性劑之液晶層
204、212‧‧‧基底
206‧‧‧對向電極
208‧‧‧第二基板
210‧‧‧第二偏光片
214‧‧‧第一基板
216‧‧‧畫素電極
218‧‧‧第一偏光片
222‧‧‧第一補償膜
224‧‧‧第二補償膜
500‧‧‧液晶顯示裝置

Claims (6)

  1. 一種液晶顯示裝置，包括：一第一基板，其具有至少一畫素單元，該畫素單元係具有一畫素電極；一第二基板，其具有一對向電極；一第一偏光片，設置於該第一基板下方；一第二偏光片，設置於該第二基板上方，且其偏光軸與該第一偏光片之偏光軸互為垂直；以及一摻入手性劑之液晶層，設置於該第一基板與該第二基板之間，其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層具有負色散特性。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置，其中入射光光波長的範圍介於380nm至780nm之間。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置，其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層的液晶分子扭轉量(d/p)介於0.2和0.3之間，其中d為摻入手性劑之該液晶層的厚度，p為摻入手性劑之節距。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置，其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層對入射光光波長的折射系數的一次微分結果大於零。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置，其中該第一基板為一薄膜電晶體基板，且該第二基板為一彩色濾光片基板。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶顯示裝置，其中摻入手性劑之該液晶層的材料為向列型液晶材料。
TW101142760A 2011-12-02 2012-11-16 液晶顯示裝置 TWI490616B (zh)

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