TW201317449A - The maximum power point tracking method for charging type Wind Turbines - Google Patents
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本發明是有關於一種用於充電型風力發電系統之最大功率擷取控制裝置，尤指一種可利用風力發電機之最大功率曲線直接設計充電驅動單元之參數，讓充電控制機構僅需輸出一固定導通周期，便能使電路工作點直接操作在風力發電機輸出最大功率曲線上，使風力發電機具有最大的輸出效能，且隨時操作於最大功率點，而達到結構簡單、有效利用風力發電機之功率以及降低應用成本之功效者。The invention relates to a maximum power extraction control device for a charging type wind power generation system, in particular to a parameter that can directly design a charging driving unit by using a maximum power curve of a wind power generator, so that the charging control mechanism only needs to output a fixed The conduction cycle enables the circuit operating point to operate directly on the maximum power curve of the wind turbine output, so that the wind turbine has the maximum output efficiency and is operated at the maximum power point at any time to achieve a simple and efficient use of the wind turbine. Power and the effect of reducing application costs.
按，政府近年來積極推廣再生能源發展，風能因其在現階段成本價格上的競爭力優於太陽能，因此，更成為近年來永續能源中最積極開發的項目之一，大型風機發展以陸域及離岸集中式發電為主，資本與技術投入門檻均高，因此，對於國內廠商進入大型風機市場的難度相對增加，但由於國際風機大廠競相追逐於大型風機發展，使得小型風機甚至微型風機(數瓩或1瓩以下)的研發與應用面不受到重視，且小型或微型風機具有因地制宜和分散式調節的特色，也容易安裝在一般住宅和工業園區。According to the government's active promotion of renewable energy development in recent years, wind energy is more competitive than solar energy because of its competitiveness in current cost and price. Therefore, it has become one of the most actively developed projects in sustainable energy in recent years. Land and offshore centralized power generation, capital and technology input threshold are high, therefore, the difficulty for domestic manufacturers to enter the large fan market is relatively increased, but because the international wind turbines are competing for the development of large fans, making small fans even The development and application of micro-fans (several or less) are not taken seriously, and small or micro-fans are characterized by local conditions and decentralized adjustments, and are also easy to install in general residential and industrial parks.
另外相關之天然災害，也造成了國內外對於再生能源的需求聲浪高漲，使得2011年風力發電在1瓩到10瓩裝置容量上政府躉購費率為7.3562元/度，遠高於10瓩裝置容量以上的2.6138元/度，因此，小型風機產業也相對受到重視，針對於備用和偏遠地區電力皆有很高的利基特性，本專利針對於小型和微型型風機設計一應用於蓄電池上的電力轉換器，期能拓展本所之技術，增加各種再生能源之應用。In addition, related natural disasters have also caused a surge in demand for renewable energy at home and abroad, making the government's procurement rate for wind power generation from 1瓩 to 10瓩 in 2011 at 7.3562 yuan/kWh, much higher than 10瓩 devices. The capacity of the small fan industry is 2.6138 yuan / kWh. Therefore, the small fan industry is also relatively valued. It has high niche characteristics for both standby and remote areas. This patent is designed for small and micro fan applications. Power converters can expand the technology of the firm and increase the application of various renewable energy sources.
在傳統的架構下至少包含有下列之中華民國及美國之相關專利：Under the traditional framework, at least the following patents of the Republic of China and the United States are included:
1.中華民國專利第I309694號之「併網型風力發電系統及其最大功率擷取控制方法」，其係使用一最大功率擷取控制器，以控制轉速變化追蹤最大功率點，且需額外的頻率偵測器來達成擷取風力發電之最大能源，其成本較高且需一複雜或數位化的控制器，在小型風機系統的成本效益分析上也不符目前期待，且不利於風力發電應用的推廣。1. The Republic of China Patent No. I309694 "Grid-connected wind power generation system and its maximum power extraction control method", which uses a maximum power capture controller to control the speed change to track the maximum power point, and requires additional Frequency detectors to achieve the maximum energy for wind power generation, its high cost and the need for a complex or digital controller, the cost-benefit analysis of small fan systems is not expected, and is not conducive to wind power applications. Promotion.
2.中華民國專利第I312030號之「風力發電系統之最大功率追蹤方法及裝置」，其原理係藉由調整該直流/交流變流器之一交流輸出電流振幅，並觀察該交流/直流轉換器之一直流輸出電壓之一變化量作控制，其架構中仍需一最大功率追蹤裝置之控制單元，其控制單元用來判斷電流電壓變化量，其電路反應速度較低和所需控制單元的成本皆造成發展小型風機系統的阻礙，也不利於風力發電應用的推廣。2. The method of "maximum power tracking method and device for wind power generation system" of the Republic of China Patent No. I312030, the principle of which is to adjust the amplitude of the AC output current of one of the DC/AC converters, and observe the AC/DC converter One of the DC output voltages is controlled by a control unit. The control unit of the maximum power tracking device is still needed in the architecture. The control unit is used to judge the current and voltage variation, the circuit response speed is low, and the cost of the required control unit is required. Both are hindering the development of small wind turbine systems and are not conducive to the promotion of wind power applications.
3.中華民國專利第M380389號之「應用於小型風力發電系統之新型無感測式最大功率追蹤控制器」，其中則包含一風力機轉速估測器、一風力機輸入轉矩估測器、一含可調式虛擬轉動摜量之發電機輸出轉矩命令計算器及一習用之電流控制器。雖然此架構提升在風速快速變化時風力機的動態響應，但其增加的轉矩估測器和複雜計算器與控制器皆大大增加電路成本，不利於風力發電應用的推廣，且可靠度也會因為較複雜控制器的設計而降低。3. Republic of China Patent No. M380389 "New non-sensing maximum power tracking controller for small wind power generation systems", which includes a wind turbine speed estimator, a wind turbine input torque estimator, A generator output torque command calculator with an adjustable virtual rotational quantity and a conventional current controller. Although this architecture improves the dynamic response of the wind turbine when the wind speed changes rapidly, its increased torque estimator and complex calculator and controller greatly increase the circuit cost, which is not conducive to the promotion of wind power applications, and the reliability will also be Reduced due to the design of more complex controllers.
4.美國專利第20090284998號之「Method and system for providing maximum power point tracking in an energy generating system」，其係使用通訊界面和數位類比轉換控制追蹤最大功率點，且需額外的電壓電流偵測器來達成擷取再生能源之最大功率，其成本較高且需一複雜或數位化的控制器，以應用於小型風機系統上不符成本效益且不利於風力發電應用的推廣。4. "Method and system for providing maximum power point tracking in an energy generating system" of US Patent No. 20090284998, which uses a communication interface and digital analog conversion control to track the maximum power point, and requires an additional voltage current detector. Achieving the maximum power of renewable energy, its high cost and the need for a complex or digital controller for small-scale wind turbine systems is not cost-effective and is not conducive to the promotion of wind power applications.
5.美國專利第20100123428號之「Battery-Charging Device for a Stand-Alone Generator System having a MPPT Function and Method Thereof」，其架構雖然簡單，但仍需偵測輸出電壓電流和計算功率來達到追蹤最大功率點，且需以功率決定控制電池充電電流，其成本仍較本專利高且需一數位化的控制器，針對高轉速的保護功能需額外電路來達成，雖可以應用於小型風機系統上，但其架構和成本皆會不利於再生能源應用的推廣。5. "Battery-Charging Device for a Stand-Alone Generator System having a MPPT Function and Method Thereof" of US Patent No. 20100123428, although the architecture is simple, it is still necessary to detect the output voltage current and the calculated power to achieve the tracking maximum power. Point, and the power to determine the battery charging current, the cost is still higher than this patent and requires a digital controller, for the high-speed protection function requires additional circuitry to achieve, although it can be applied to small fan systems, but Its architecture and cost will not be conducive to the promotion of renewable energy applications.
有鑑於此，本案之發明人特針對前述習用發明問題深入探討，並藉由多年從事相關產業之研發與製造經驗，積極尋求解決之道，經過長期努力之研究與發展，終於成功的開發出本發明「用於充電型風力發電系統之最大功率擷取控制裝置」，藉以改善習用之種種問題。In view of this, the inventors of this case have intensively discussed the above-mentioned problems of conventional inventions, and actively pursued solutions through years of experience in R&D and manufacturing of related industries. After long-term efforts in research and development, they finally succeeded in developing this book. The invention discloses a "maximum power extraction control device for a charging type wind power generation system", thereby improving various problems of the conventional use.
本發明之主要目的係在於，可利用風力發電機之最大功率曲線直接設計充電驅動單元之參數，讓充電控制機構僅需輸出一固定導通周期，便能使電路工作點直接操作在風力發電機輸出最大功率曲線上，使風力發電機具有最大的輸出效能，且隨時操作於最大功率點，而達到結構簡單、有效利用風力發電機之功率以及降低應用成本之功效。The main purpose of the present invention is to directly design the parameters of the charging driving unit by using the maximum power curve of the wind power generator, so that the charging control mechanism only needs to output a fixed conduction period, so that the circuit operating point can directly operate on the wind turbine output. The maximum power curve enables the wind turbine to have maximum output efficiency and is operated at the maximum power point at any time, thereby achieving the advantages of simple structure, efficient use of the power of the wind turbine, and reduction of application cost.
為達上述之目的，本發明係一種用於充電型風力發電系統之最大功率擷取控制裝置其包含有：一風力發電機；一與風力發電機連接之整流濾波器；一與整流濾波器連接之充電電池；一與充電電池連接之充電驅動單元；以及一與充電電池及充電驅動單元連接之充電控制機構。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a maximum power extraction control device for a charging type wind power generation system, comprising: a wind power generator; a rectifying filter connected to the wind power generator; and a rectifying filter a rechargeable battery; a charging drive unit connected to the rechargeable battery; and a charging control mechanism coupled to the rechargeable battery and the charging drive unit.
於本發明之一實施例中，該風力發電機係為永磁式同步風力發電機。In an embodiment of the invention, the wind power generator is a permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator.
於本發明之一實施例中，該充電電池係包含有相互連接之電池組、二極體、電容、電阻、電感、第一開關、第二開關及第三開關，而該第一、二及第三開關係分別與充電驅動單元連接。In an embodiment of the present invention, the rechargeable battery includes an interconnected battery pack, a diode, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch, and the first and second The third open relationship is respectively connected to the charging drive unit.
於本發明之一實施例中，該充電控制機構係包含有一控制器、一與控制器連接之固定電壓控制單元、及一與控制器連接之最大功率控制單元。In an embodiment of the invention, the charging control mechanism includes a controller, a fixed voltage control unit coupled to the controller, and a maximum power control unit coupled to the controller.
於本發明之一實施例中，該充電電池與充電控制機構之間係連接有一充電模式比較器。In an embodiment of the invention, a charging mode comparator is connected between the rechargeable battery and the charging control mechanism.
請參閱『第1、2及第3圖』所示，係分別為本發明之組成架構示意圖、本發明之最大功率曲線示意圖及本發明之輸入功率曲線示意圖。如圖所示：本發明係一種用於充電型風力發電系統之最大功率擷取控制裝置，其至少包含有一風力發電機1、一整流濾波器2、一充電電池3、一充電驅動單元4以及一充電控制機構5所構成。Please refer to the "1st, 2nd, and 3rd drawings" for a schematic diagram of the composition of the present invention, a schematic diagram of the maximum power curve of the present invention, and a schematic diagram of the input power curve of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the present invention is a maximum power extraction control device for a charging type wind power generation system, which includes at least one wind power generator 1, a rectification filter 2, a rechargeable battery 3, a charging driving unit 4, and A charge control mechanism 5 is constructed.
上述所提之風力發電機1係為永磁式同步風力發電機。The wind power generator 1 mentioned above is a permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator.
該整流濾波器2係與風力發電機1連接。The rectifier filter 2 is connected to the wind turbine 1 .
該充電電池3係與整流濾波器2連接，而該充電電池3係包含有相互連接之電池組31、二極體32、電容33、電阻34、電感35、第一開關、第二開關及第三開關36、37、38。The rechargeable battery 3 is connected to the rectifying filter 2, and the rechargeable battery 3 includes a battery pack 31, a diode 32, a capacitor 33, a resistor 34, an inductor 35, a first switch, a second switch, and a Three switches 36, 37, 38.
該充電驅動單元4係分別與充電電池3之第一、二及第三開關36、37、38連接。The charging drive unit 4 is connected to the first, second and third switches 36, 37, 38 of the rechargeable battery 3, respectively.
該充電控制機構5係與充電電池3及充電驅動單元4連接，而該充電控制機構5係包含有一控制器51、一連接充電驅動單元4與控制器51之固定電壓控制單元52、及一連接充電驅動單元4與控制器51之最大功率控制單元53，且該充電電池3與充電控制機構之控制器51間係連接有一充電模式比較器6。如是，藉由上述之設計構成一全新之用於充電型風力發電系統之最大功率擷取控制裝置。The charging control mechanism 5 is connected to the rechargeable battery 3 and the charging driving unit 4, and the charging control mechanism 5 includes a controller 51, a fixed voltage control unit 52 connecting the charging driving unit 4 and the controller 51, and a connection. The charging drive unit 4 and the maximum power control unit 53 of the controller 51, and the charging battery 3 and the controller 51 of the charging control mechanism are connected to a charging mode comparator 6. If so, the above design constitutes a new maximum power capture control device for a charging type wind power generation system.
當本發明於使用時，係由風力發電機1受風力轉動而輸出電力，且使電流經整流濾波器2至充電驅動單元4，之後再由充電驅動單元4與充電控制機構5之控制，並同時配合二極體32、電容33、電阻34、電感35、第一開關、第二開關及第三開關36、37、38對充電電池3之電池組31進行充電，而當進行充電時會輸入電壓至充電控制機構5，且利用控制器51、固定電壓控制單元52及最大功率控制單元53，藉以校正充電時之最大功率點，並作保護判斷風機轉速是否過高，且可使充電電池3利用二極體32改善電容33上轉態的湧流。When the present invention is used, the wind power generator 1 is rotated by the wind to output electric power, and the current is passed through the rectifying filter 2 to the charging driving unit 4, and then controlled by the charging driving unit 4 and the charging control mechanism 5, and At the same time, the battery pack 31 of the rechargeable battery 3 is charged with the diode 32, the capacitor 33, the resistor 34, the inductor 35, the first switch, the second switch and the third switch 36, 37, 38, and is input when charging is performed. The voltage is applied to the charging control mechanism 5, and the controller 51, the fixed voltage control unit 52, and the maximum power control unit 53 are used to correct the maximum power point during charging, and to determine whether the fan speed is too high or not, and the rechargeable battery 3 can be The inrush current of the transition state on the capacitor 33 is improved by the diode 32.
而當本發明於實施風力發電機1之最大功率擷取時，係可先測量風力發電機1於不同風速下最大功率點組成的曲線，之後再調整風力發電機1、充電電池3以及充電驅動單元4之參數，而輸入功率曲線近似於風力發電機1最大功率擷取曲線，而其方法說明如下：在不連續電流模式中可得到電感35之電流變化：When the present invention implements the maximum power extraction of the wind power generator 1, the curve of the maximum power point of the wind power generator 1 at different wind speeds may be measured first, and then the wind power generator 1, the rechargeable battery 3, and the charging drive are adjusted. The parameters of unit 4, and the input power curve approximates the maximum power draw curve of wind turbine 1, and the method is as follows: In the discontinuous current mode, the current change of inductor 35 can be obtained:
其中Vin為整流濾波器2於整流濾波後的直流電壓，Vb為電池組31之電壓，d1為第一開關36開啟對電感35充電之電流週期；另充電驅動單元4輸入的平均電流為：Where V in is the rectified and filtered DC voltage of the rectifying filter 2, V b is the voltage of the battery pack 31, d 1 is the current period during which the first switch 36 is turned on to charge the inductor 35; and the average current input by the charging driving unit 4 for:
因此，充電驅動單元4輸入的功率可表示為：Therefore, the power input by the charging drive unit 4 can be expressed as:
上式輸入功率為一輸入電壓二次方的多項式，如果利用風力發電機1之轉速和電壓正比的關係並設計電路參數，輸入功率方程式將可近似於第2圖的最大功率點曲線，同時輸入風力發電機1電壓的資訊可校正此最大功率曲線，其工作點將更近似最大功率點，其幾乎固定導通率設計也簡化控制器51複雜度和成本，當在較高輸入電壓時，電路進入連續電流模式中可得到：電感35電流變化在此工作模式下電感35電流為連續且輸入電壓和輸出電壓為線性關係：The input power of the above formula is a polynomial of the quadratic input voltage. If the relationship between the rotational speed of the wind turbine 1 and the voltage proportional ratio is used and the circuit parameters are designed, the input power equation will be approximated to the maximum power point curve of Fig. 2, and input simultaneously. The wind turbine 1 voltage information corrects this maximum power curve, and its operating point will be closer to the maximum power point. Its almost constant conduction rate design also simplifies the complexity and cost of the controller 51. When the input voltage is high, the circuit enters continuous In current mode, the inductance 35 current changes. In this mode of operation, the inductor 35 current is continuous and the input voltage and output voltage are linear:
在較高輸入電壓時電感上平均電流則為：At higher input voltages, the average current on the inductor is:
Rb為等效電池組31內阻，此時充電驅動單元4輸入功率為：R b is the internal resistance of the equivalent battery pack 31. At this time, the input power of the charging drive unit 4 is:
因為電池組31等效內阻Rb很小，d1Vin的值將近似於Vb，因此，在連續電流模式下輸入功率近似於會急速線性上升，增加的負載轉矩會造成風力發電機1轉速下降；在此一模式下則可被用來設計於保護狀態，充電驅動單元4輸入功率曲線如第3圖所示，當電池組31充滿時第二開關37則會開啟進入浮充電壓模式，其中輸出的並聯二極體32可改善湧流，當風力發電機1電壓過高時第三開關38則會開啟使電阻34作為保護負載之使用；如此，便可使本發明至少達到下列之優點：Since the equivalent internal resistance R b of the battery pack 31 is small, the value of d 1 V in will be approximately V b . Therefore, in the continuous current mode, the input power approximates a rapid linear rise, and the increased load torque causes the wind to be generated. The motor 1 rotates down; in this mode, it can be used to design the protection state. The charging power unit 4 inputs the power curve as shown in Fig. 3. When the battery pack 31 is full, the second switch 37 will be turned into the float. The voltage mode, wherein the output parallel diode 32 can improve the inrush current, and when the voltage of the wind power generator 1 is too high, the third switch 38 is turned on to use the resistor 34 as a protective load; thus, the present invention can at least achieve the following Advantages:
1. 可達到簡單化之最大功率擷取控制方法電路架構。1. The circuit structure of the simplistic maximum power capture control method can be achieved.
2. 無需複雜控制器設計和數位化控制裝置，可減少成本。2. Reduce costs by eliminating the need for complex controller designs and digital controls.
3. 風機系統無需轉速計和風速計等機械裝置，可減少成本。3. The fan system eliminates the need for mechanical devices such as tachometers and anemometers to reduce costs.
4. 減少使用電路元件且提高充電電路可靠度。4. Reduce the use of circuit components and improve the reliability of the charging circuit.
5. 提供充電電流休息時間，增加充電電池壽命。5. Provide charging current rest time and increase the life of rechargeable battery.
6. 當風機轉速過高時，充電電流會依照輸入電壓的變化提高輸出功率限制風機轉速，增加安全性。6. When the fan speed is too high, the charging current will increase the output power limit fan speed according to the change of the input voltage, which increases the safety.
綜上所述，本發明用於充電型風力發電系統之最大功率擷取控制裝置可有效改善習用之種種缺點，可利用風力發電機之最大功率曲線直接設計充電驅動單元之參數，讓充電控制機構僅需輸出一固定導通周期，便能使電路工作點直接操作在風力發電機輸出最大功率曲線上，使風力發電機具有最大的輸出效能，且隨時操作於最大功率點，而達到結構簡單、有效利用風力發電機之功率以及降低應用成本之功效；進而使本發明之產生能更進步、更實用、更符合消費者使用之所須，確已符合發明專利申請之要件，爰依法提出專利申請。In summary, the maximum power extraction control device for the charging type wind power generation system of the present invention can effectively improve various disadvantages of the conventional use, and can directly design the parameters of the charging driving unit by using the maximum power curve of the wind power generator, and let the charging control mechanism Only need to output a fixed conduction period, the circuit operating point can be directly operated on the maximum power curve of the wind turbine output, so that the wind turbine has the maximum output efficiency and can be operated at the maximum power point at any time, and the structure is simple and effective. Utilizing the power of the wind turbine and reducing the cost of the application; thereby making the invention more progressive, more practical, and more in line with the needs of the consumer, it has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent application, and filed a patent application according to law.
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍；故，凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; therefore, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the present invention and the contents of the invention are modified. All should remain within the scope of the invention patent.
1．．．風力發電機1. . . Wind Turbines
2．．．整流濾波器2. . . Rectifier filter
3．．．充電電池3. . . Rechargeable Battery
31．．．電池組31. . . Battery
32．．．二極體32. . . Dipole
33．．．電容33. . . capacitance
34．．．電阻34. . . resistance
35．．．電感35. . . inductance
36．．．第一開關36. . . First switch
37．．．第二開關37. . . Second switch
38．．．第三開關38. . . Third switch
4．．．充電驅動單元4. . . Charging drive unit
5．．．充電控制機構5. . . Charging control mechanism
51．．．控制器51. . . Controller
52．．．固定電壓控制單元52. . . Fixed voltage control unit
53．．．最大功率控制單元53. . . Maximum power control unit
6．．．充電模式比較器6. . . Charge mode comparator
第1圖，係本發明之組成架構示意圖。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the present invention.
第2圖，係本發明之最大功率曲線示意圖。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the maximum power curve of the present invention.
第3圖，係本發明之輸入功率曲線示意圖。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the input power curve of the present invention.
1．．．風力發電機1. . . Wind Turbines
2．．．整流濾波器2. . . Rectifier filter
3．．．充電電池3. . . Rechargeable Battery
31．．．電池組31. . . Battery
32．．．二極體32. . . Dipole
33．．．電容33. . . capacitance
34．．．電阻34. . . resistance
35．．．電感35. . . inductance
36．．．第一開關36. . . First switch
37．．．第二開關37. . . Second switch
38．．．第三開關38. . . Third switch
4．．．充電驅動單元4. . . Charging drive unit
5．．．充電控制機構5. . . Charging control mechanism
51．．．控制器51. . . Controller
52．．．固定電壓控制單元52. . . Fixed voltage control unit
53．．．最大功率控制單元53. . . Maximum power control unit
6．．．充電模式比較器6. . . Charge mode comparator
Claims (5)
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| TW100138046A TW201317449A (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | The maximum power point tracking method for charging type Wind Turbines |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI582563B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-05-11 | 遠東科技大學 | Wind turbine control device and control method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI582563B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-05-11 | 遠東科技大學 | Wind turbine control device and control method thereof |
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