TW201309700A - 新穎雜環衍生物 - Google Patents
新穎雜環衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201309700A TW201309700A TW101102924A TW101102924A TW201309700A TW 201309700 A TW201309700 A TW 201309700A TW 101102924 A TW101102924 A TW 101102924A TW 101102924 A TW101102924 A TW 101102924A TW 201309700 A TW201309700 A TW 201309700A
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- Prior art keywords
- morpholin
- methyl
- indol
- indole
- compound
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Abstract
本發明係關於新穎的下式之雜環化合物□其中所有變數均如本說明書中定義,其製備方法,其醫藥用途,尤其治療癌症及神經退化性病症之用途,及含有其之藥劑。
Description
本發明係關於嘌呤衍生物及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其製備方法,其在治療疾病中之用途,其(單獨或與至少一種其他治療劑組合且視情況與醫藥學上可接受之載劑組合)在製造醫藥製劑中之用途,該等醫藥製劑治療疾病之用途,及治療該等疾病之方法,其包含向溫血動物,尤其人類投與嘌呤衍生物。
磷脂醯肌醇-3-激酶超家族包含4種不同PI3K相關脂質或蛋白激酶。I類、II類及III類PI3K為受質特異性不同的脂質激酶,而IV類PI3K(亦稱為PIKK)為蛋白激酶。I類磷脂醯肌醇-3-激酶包含一組脂質激酶,其催化磷酸鹽轉移至肌醇脂質之D-3'位置處以產生磷酸肌醇-3-磷酸鹽(PIP)、磷酸肌醇-3,4-二磷酸鹽(PIP2)及磷酸肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸鹽(PIP3),該等磷酸鹽又藉由將含有普列克受質蛋白(pleckstrin)-同源性、FYVE、Phox及其他磷脂結合結構域之蛋白質對接至通常位於質膜之多種信號傳導複合物來充當信號傳導級聯中之第二信使(Vanhaesebroeck等人,Annu.Rev.Biochem 70:535(2001);Katso等人,Annu.Rev.Cell Dev.Biol.17:615(2001))。在兩種I類PI3K中,IA類PI3K為由催化性p110次單元(α、β、δ同功異型物)與調節性次單元(其可為p85α、p55α、p50α、p85β或p55γ)組成性締合而構成之雜二聚體。IB類子類具有一個家族成員,由
催化性p110γ次單元與兩種調節性次單元中之一者(p101或p84)締合而構成之雜二聚體(Fruman等人,Annu Rev.Biochem.67:481(1998);Suire等人,Curr.Biol.15:566(2005))。p85/55/50次單元之模組結構域包括Src同源性(SH2)結構域,其結合活性受體及細胞質酪胺酸激酶上特定序列背景中之磷酸酪胺酸殘基,引起IA類PI3K之活化及定位。IB類PI3K由G蛋白質偶合受體直接活化,該等G蛋白質偶合受體結合一系列不同的肽及非肽配位體(Stephens等人,Cell 89:105(1997));Katso等人,Annu.Rev.Cell Dev.Biol.17:615-675(2001))。因此,所得I類PI3K之磷脂產物使上游受體與下游細胞活性關聯,下游細胞活性包括增殖、存活、趨化性、細胞轉運、運動性、代謝、發炎性及過敏性反應、轉錄及轉譯(Cantley等人,Cell 64:281(1991);Escobedo及Williams,Nature 335:85(1988);Fantl等人,Cell 69:413(1992))。
在許多情況下,PIP2及PIP3將Akt(病毒致癌基因v-Akt之人類同系物之產物)募集至質膜中,Akt於質膜中充當對生長及存活重要之多種細胞內信號傳導路徑之節點(Fantl等人,Cell 69:413-423(1992);Bader等人,Nature Rev.Cancer 5:921(2005);Vivanco及Sawyer,Nature Rev.Cancer 2:489(2002))。PI3K調節異常(其通常經Akt活化而增加存活)為人類癌症中之最常見事件且已證實在多個層面上發生。腫瘤抑制基因PTEN(其使肌醇環之3'位處之磷酸肌醇去磷酸化且藉此拮抗PI3K活性)於多種腫瘤中功能
性缺失。在其他腫瘤中,p110α同功異型物、PIK3CA及Akt之基因擴增且已在若干種人類癌症中證實其基因產物之蛋白質表現增加。此外,已在人類癌症中描述用於上調p85-p110複合物之p85α之突變及易位。又,已在多種人類癌症中極頻繁地描述活化下游信號傳導路徑之PIK3CA之體細胞誤義突變(Kang等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 102:802(2005);Samuels等人,Science 304:554(2004);Samuels等人,Cancer Cell 7:561-573(2005))。該等觀測結果表明磷酸肌醇-3-激酶及此信號傳導路徑之上游及下游組分之失調為與人類癌症及增生性疾病相關之最常見失調之一(Parsons等人,Nature 436:792(2005);Hennessey等人,Nature Rev.Drug Disc.4:988-1004(2005))。
雷帕黴素(rapamycin)之哺乳動物目標(mTOR)為IV類PI3K之成員。mTOR組合信號傳導網路,該網路轉導營養物信號及多種其他刺激物以調節多種細胞功能,包括細胞生長、增殖、存活、自體吞噬、多種類型之分化及代謝。在哺乳動物細胞中,發現mTOR蛋白質複合成兩種不同實體,稱為mTORC1及mTORC2。mTORC1複合物(亦即與猛禽相關之mTOR)已進行大量研究。mTORC1整合營養物及生長因子輸入,且亦負責細胞生長調節(主要經蛋白質合成調節劑(諸如4EBP1或RPS6)進行)。mTORC1調節需要PI3K及Akt活化以達成活化,亦即mTORC1為PI3K路徑之效應子。已證實mTOR當締合成mTOR複合物2(mTORC2)形式時負責藉由S473(編號Akt 1)之磷酸化來活化
Akt(Sarbassov等人,Science 307:7098(2005))。因此,mTORC2在本文中被視為Akt之上游活化劑。有趣的是,mTOR可因此被視為對Akt之上游及下游均為重要的。因此,藉由解決上游及下游效應子問題,mTOR催化性抑制可為解決PI3K-Akt路徑中極強阻斷之唯一方法。
亦證實mTOR抑制與自體吞噬之間有關聯(Ravikumar等人,Nat Genet.36(6):585-95(2004))。自體吞噬為神經元恆定所必需且其功能障礙與神經退化相關聯。小鼠神經元自體吞噬之缺失可引起神經退化性疾病(Komatsu等人,Nature 441:880-4(2006);Hara等人,Nature 441:885-9(2006)),表明自體吞噬保持神經元中蛋白質恆定之關鍵作用。神經退化性疾病之特徵在於包含錯誤摺疊之蛋白質作為標誌之一。誘導自體吞噬可增強錯誤摺疊之蛋白質之清除且因此建議作為神經退化性蛋白質病之療法。
亨庭頓氏病(Huntington's Disease/HD)為常染色體顯性神經退化性病症,其中編碼亨庭頓(Huntingtin/Htt)蛋白質之IT15基因之突變引起Htt之Exon1中聚麩醯胺酸擴增。此突變Htt蛋白之細胞內聚集及腦萎縮(尤其皮質及紋狀體)為HD之主要標誌。除精神障礙及體重減輕外,其在臨床上亦引起運動障礙及認知功能障礙。
在HD之活體外及活體內模型中,抑制mTOR可誘導自體吞噬且減少突變Htt聚集及突變Htt介導之細胞死亡(Ravikumar等人,Nat Genet.36(6):585-95(2004))。因此mTOR抑制為HD之特徵性中斷細胞過程之藥物介入及調節
提供可能。
鑒於上述內容,認為I類PI3K及mTOR之抑制劑在治療增生性疾病及其他病症(尤其HD)方面有價值。
本發明係關於具有I類PI3K及/或mTOR抑制活性之新穎嘌呤衍生物,其製備方法,醫藥用途及含有其之藥劑。
在第一態樣中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,
其中X表示N或CH;R1表示
其中
R18及R22獨立地表示氫、鹵素、羥基或羥基-C1-3烷基-;R19及R21獨立地表示氫、胺基、羥基、羧基、C1-3烷氧基、胺基-C1-3烷基-、C1-3烷基-C(=O)-NH-、C1-3烷基-S(=O)m-NH-或羥基-C1-3烷基-;m表示0、1或2;R20表示氫、鹵素或C1-3烷氧基;或R1選自由以下組成之群:
其中R23表示氫或甲基;R24表示氫、側氧基(oxo)或C1-3烷基;R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16及R17獨立地表示氫或甲基;或R2與R8一起形成伸乙基橋;或R2與R6一起形成亞甲基橋;或R12與R14一起形成伸乙基橋;且Y表示O、CHR25或CR26R27,
其中R25表示羥基或C1-3烷氧基;且R26及R27獨立地表示氫或鹵素;限制條件為式(I)化合物不為2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-苯基-9H-嘌呤。
在第二態樣中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,
其中X表示N或CH;R1表示
其中R18及R22獨立地表示氫、鹵素、羥基或羥基-C1-3烷基-;
R19及R21獨立地表示氫、胺基、羥基、羧基、C1-3烷氧基、胺基-C1-3烷基-、C1-3烷基-C(=O)-NH-、C1-3烷基-S(=O)m-NH-或羥基-C1-3烷基-;m表示0、1或2;R20表示氫、鹵素或C1-3烷氧基;或R1選自由以下組成之群:
其中R23表示氫或甲基;R24表示氫、側氧基或C1-3烷基;R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16及R17獨立地表示氫或甲基;或R5與R6一起形成伸乙基橋;且Y表示O、CHR25或CR26R27,其中R25表示羥基或C1-3烷氧基;且R26及R27獨立地表示氫或鹵素;
限制條件為式(I)化合物不為2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-苯基-9H-嘌呤。
如本文中所用,術語「鹵素」或「鹵基」係指氟、氯、溴及碘。
如本文中所用,術語「C1-3烷基」係指具有至多3個碳原子之完全飽和分支鏈或未分支烴部分。C1-3烷基之代表性實例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基及異丙基。
如本文中所用,術語「C1-3烷氧基」係指C1-3烷基-O-,其中C1-3烷基如上文中定義。C1-3烷氧基之代表性實例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基及2-丙氧基。
如本文中所用,術語「羥基-C1-3烷基」係指如上文中定義之C1-3烷基,其中C1-3烷基之一個氫原子由OH置換。羥基-C1-3烷基之代表性實例包括(但不限於)羥基-甲基、2-羥基-乙基、2-羥基-丙基及3-羥基-丙基。
如本文中所用,術語「胺基-C1-3烷基」係指如上文中定義之C1-3烷基,其中C1-3烷基之一個氫原子由一級胺基置換。羥基-C1-3烷基之代表性實例包括(但不限於)胺基-甲基、2-胺基-乙基、2-胺基-丙基及3-胺基-丙基。
本發明提供可適用於治療或預防可藉由抑制I類PI3K及/或mTOR調節之疾病、病狀及/或病症之化合物及其醫藥調配物。
實施例1:如上文描述之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接
受之鹽。
實施例2:如上文描述之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例3:如實施例1或實施例2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中X表示N。
實施例4:如實施例1或實施例2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中X表示CH。
實施例5:如實施例1至4中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R1表示
其中R18及R22獨立地表示氫、鹵素、羥基或羥基-C1-3烷基-;R19及R21獨立地表示氫、胺基、羥基、羧基、C1-3烷氧基、胺基-C1-3烷基-、C1-3烷基-C(=O)-NH-、C1-3烷基-S(=O)m-NH-或羥基-C1-3烷基-;m表示0、1或2;且R20表示氫、鹵素或C1-3烷氧基。
實施例6:如實施例5之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R18、R19、R20、R21及R22中之至少一者不為氫。
實施例7:如實施例1至4中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R1選自由以下組成之群:
其中R23表示氫或甲基;且R24表示氫、側氧基或C1-3烷基。
實施例8:如實施例1至7中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中Y表示O。
實施例9:如實施例1至7中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中Y表示CHR26或CR27R28。
實施例10:如實施例1或實施例2之化合物,其選自:3-[2-(2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-酚;3-(2,4-二(N-嗎啉基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-基)酚;2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{2-氟-5-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;2-(4,4-二氟-哌啶-1-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎
啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;5-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-1,3-二氫-苯并咪唑-2-酮;{5-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;2-甲氧基-5-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯甲酸;{4-氯-3-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯甲胺;1-{3-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-乙醇;2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-(1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-6-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;1-[8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-哌啶-4-醇;{3-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-5-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;
{3-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-4-氟-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(4-甲氧基-哌啶-1-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-乙醯胺;8-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-[2-(2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲烷磺醯胺;{2-[2-(2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-
基]-苯基}-甲醇;[2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;3-[2-(2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-酚;3-(2,4-二(N-嗎啉基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-基)酚;2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{2-氟-5-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;2-(4,4-二氟-哌啶-1-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;5-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-1,3-二氫-苯并咪唑-2-酮;{5-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;2-甲氧基-5-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯甲酸;{4-氯-3-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;
3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯甲胺;1-{3-[6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-乙醇;2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-(1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-6-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;1-[8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-哌啶-4-醇;{3-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-5-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{3-[2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-4-氟-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;
8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(4-甲氧基-哌啶-1-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-乙醯胺;8-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-[2-(2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲烷磺醯胺;{2-[2-(2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;[2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;6-(3,3-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;6-(3,3-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(2,3-二氫-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;
8-(2,3-二氫-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(2-氧雜-5-氮雜-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(2-氧雜-5-氮雜-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(3-氧雜-8-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(3-氧雜-8-氮雜-雙環
[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-9H-嘌呤;6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-4-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶;6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,4-二-嗎啉-4-基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶;及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例11:如實施例1或實施例2之化合物,其選自:3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-酚;3-(2,4-二(N-嗎啉基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-基)酚;2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{2-氟-5-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;2-(4,4-二氟-哌啶-1-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;5-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-1,3-二氫-苯并咪唑-2-酮;{5-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;2-甲氧基-5-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯甲酸;
{4-氯-3-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯甲胺;1-{3-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-乙醇;2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-(1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-6-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;1-[8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-哌啶-4-醇;{3-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-5-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{3-[2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-4-氟-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌
呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(4-甲氧基-哌啶-1-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-乙醯胺;8-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲烷磺醯胺;{2-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;[2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌
呤-8-基]-酚;3-(2,4-二(N-嗎啉基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-基)酚;2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{2-氟-5-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;2-(4,4-二氟-哌啶-1-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;5-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-1,3-二氫-苯并咪唑-2-酮;{5-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;2-甲氧基-5-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯甲酸;{4-氯-3-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯甲胺;1-{3-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-乙醇;2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-(1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-6-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌
呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;1-[8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-哌啶-4-醇;{3-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-5-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{3-[2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-4-氟-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(4-甲氧基-哌啶-1-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;
8-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-乙醯胺;8-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲烷磺醯胺;{2-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;[2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;6-(3,3-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;6-(3,3-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(2,3-二氫-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(2,3-二氫-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲
基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(1S,4S)-2-氧雜-5-氮雜-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(1S,4S)-2-氧雜-5-氮雜-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(3-氧雜-8-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(3-氧雜-8-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-9H-嘌呤;6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-4-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲
基-嗎啉-4-基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶;6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,4-二-嗎啉-4-基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶;及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
由於式(I)化合物中可存在一個或一個以上不對稱碳原子,因此相應式(I)化合物可以純光學活性形式或光學異構體混合物形式存在,例如外消旋混合物形式。所有該等純光學異構體及所有其混合物(包括外消旋混合物)均屬於本發明。
如本文所用,術語「異構體」係指具有相同分子式但在原子之排列及組態方面不同的不同化合物。亦如本文所用,術語「光學異構體」或「立體異構體」係指本發明之既定化合物可能存在之各種立體異構組態中之任一者,且包括幾何異構體。應理解取代基可在碳原子之對掌性中心處連接。術語「對掌性」係指具有與其鏡像搭配物不重疊性之分子,而術語「非對掌性」係指與其鏡像搭配物可重疊之分子。因此,本發明包括化合物之對映異構體、非對映異構體或外消旋體。「對映異構體」為彼此為不可重疊鏡像的一對立體異構體。一對對映異構體之1:1混合物為「外消旋」混合物。該術語在合適時用於指外消旋混合物。「非對映異構體」為具有至少兩個不對稱原子,但彼此不為鏡像之立體異構體。絕對立體化學係根據Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S系統指定。當化合物為純對映異構體時,各對掌性碳處之立體化學可由R或S指定。絕對組態未
知之經解析化合物可視化合物旋轉鈉D線之波長下之平面偏振光之方向(右旋或左旋)而指定為(+)或(-)。本文中所描述之某些化合物含有一或多個不對稱中心或軸且因此可產生根據絕對立體化學可定義為(R)-或(S)-之對映異構體、非對映異構體及其他立體異構形式。
視起始物質及程序之選擇而定,化合物可以一種可能異構體或其混合物形式存在,例如純光學異構體,或異構體混合物,諸如外消旋體及非對映異構體混合物,視不對稱碳原子數目而定。本發明意欲包括所有該等可能異構體,包括外消旋混合物、非對映異構混合物及光學純形式。光活性(R)-及(S)-異構體可使用對掌性合成組元或對掌性試劑製備,或使用習知技術解析。若化合物含有雙鍵,則取代基可為E或Z組態。若化合物含有經雙取代之環烷基,則環烷基取代基可具有順式或反式組態。
本發明之中間物及化合物亦可能以不同互變異構形式存在且所有該等形式均屬於本發明之範疇內。術語「互變異構體」或「互變異構形式」係指可經由低能量障壁相互轉化之具有不同能量的結構異構體。舉例而言,質子互變異構體(亦稱為質子轉移互變異構體)包括經由質子遷移而相互轉化,諸如酮-烯醇及亞胺-烯胺異構化。質子互變異構體之特定實例為質子可在兩個環氮之間遷移的咪唑部分。價鍵互變異構體包括藉由一些鍵結電子重組而相互轉化。
任何所得異構體混合物可基於該等成分之物理化學差異而分離為純的或實質上純的幾何異構體或光學異構體、非
對映異構體、外消旋體,例如藉由層析及/或分步結晶。
任何所得最終產物或中間物之外消旋體均可藉由已知方法解析為光學對映體,例如藉由分離用光學活性酸或鹼獲得之其非對映異構鹽,及釋放光學活性酸性或鹼性化合物。詳言之,鹼性部分因此可用於將本發明化合物解析為其光學對映體,例如藉由分步結晶與光學活性酸(例如酒石酸、二苯甲醯基酒石酸、二乙醯基酒石酸、二-O,O'-對甲苯甲醯基酒石酸、杏仁酸、蘋果酸或樟腦-10-磺酸)所形成之鹽。亦可藉由對掌性層析,例如高壓液相層析(HPLC),使用對掌性吸附劑解析外消旋產物。
如本文所用,術語「鹽」係指本發明化合物之酸加成鹽或鹼加成鹽。「鹽」尤其包括「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」。術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指保留本發明化合物之生物效用及性質且通常不在生物學上或其他方面不合乎需要之鹽。在許多情況下,本發明化合物由於存在胺基及/或羧基或其類似基團而能夠形成酸鹽及/或鹼鹽。
在一個實施例中,本發明係關於呈游離形式之如本文中定義之式(I)化合物。在另一實施例中,本發明係關於呈鹽形式之如本文中定義之式(I)化合物。在另一實施例中,本發明係關於呈酸加成鹽形式之如本文中定義之式(I)化合物。在另一實施例中,本發明係關於呈醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式之如本文中定義之式(I)化合物。在又一實施例中,本發明係關於呈游離形式之實例之任一化合物。在又一實施例中,本發明係關於呈鹽形式之實例之任一化合物。在
又一實施例中,本發明係關於呈酸加成鹽形式之實例之任一化合物。在又一實施例中,本發明係關於呈醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式之實例之任一化合物。
醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽可用無機酸及有機酸形成,例如乙酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、溴化物/氫溴酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽/碳酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽/硫酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、氯化物/鹽酸鹽、氯茶鹼鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乙烷二磺酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、葡糖酸鹽、葡糖醛酸鹽、馬尿酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽/碘化物、羥乙基磺酸鹽、乳酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、月桂基硫酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、萘甲酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、菸鹼酸鹽、硝酸鹽、十八酸鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽、磷酸鹽/磷酸氫鹽/磷酸二氫鹽、聚半乳糖醛酸鹽、丙酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、磺基水楊酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽及三氟乙酸鹽。
可用於產生鹽之無機酸包括(例如)鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸及其類似酸。
可用於產生鹽之有機酸包括例如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、草酸、順丁烯二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、反丁烯二酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、杏仁酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、甲苯磺酸、磺基水楊酸及其類似酸。醫藥學上可接受之鹼加成鹽可用無機及有機鹼形成。
可用於產生鹽之無機鹼包括例如銨鹽及來自週期表之第
I行至第XII行之金屬。在某些實施例中,鹽來源於鈉、鉀、銨、鈣、鎂、鐵、銀、鋅及銅;尤其適當之鹽包括銨鹽、鉀鹽、鈉鹽、鈣鹽及鎂鹽。
可用於產生鹽之有機鹼包括例如一級胺、二級胺及三級胺;經取代之胺,包括天然存在之經取代之胺;環狀胺;鹼離子交換樹脂及其類似物。某些有機胺包括異丙胺、苯甲星青黴素(benzathine)、膽酸鹽、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、離胺酸、葡甲胺、哌嗪及緩血酸胺。
本發明之醫藥學上可接受之鹽可藉由習知化學方法自鹼性或酸性部分合成。通常,該等鹽可藉由使此等化合物之游離酸形式與化學計算量的適當鹼(諸如Na、Ca、Mg或K之氫氧化物、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽或其類似物)反應或藉由使此等化合物之游離鹼形式與化學計算量的適當酸反應來製備。該等反應通常在水中或在有機溶劑中或在二者之混合物中進行。通常,在切實可行的情況下,需要使用非水性介質,如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、異丙醇或乙腈。其他合適鹽之清單可見於例如「Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences」,第20版,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,(1985);及「Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use」,Stahl及Wermuth(Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,Germany,2002)中。
此外,本發明化合物(包括其鹽)亦可以其水合物形式獲得,或包括用於使其結晶之其他溶劑。本發明化合物可固有地或有意與醫藥學上可接受之溶劑(包括水)形成溶劑合
物;因此,本發明意欲涵蓋溶劑合物及非溶劑合物兩種形式。術語「溶劑合物」係指本發明化合物(包括其醫藥學上可接受之鹽)與一或多個溶劑分子之分子複合物。該等溶劑分子為醫藥技術中常用之溶劑分子,已知其對於接受者無害,例如水、乙醇及其類似物。術語「水合物」係指溶劑分子為水之複合物。
含有能夠充當氫鍵之供體及/或受體之基團的本發明化合物,亦即式(I)化合物能夠與合適共晶體形成劑形成共晶體。此等共晶體可藉由已知共晶體形成程序自式(I)化合物製備。該等程序包括在溶液中將式(I)化合物與共晶體形成劑一起在結晶條件下研磨、加熱、共昇華、共熔融或接觸及分離由此形成之共晶體。合適共晶體形成劑包括WO 2004/078163中描述之共晶體形成劑。因此,本發明進一步提供包含式(I)化合物之共晶體。
本發明化合物(包括其鹽、水合物及溶劑合物)可固有地或有意形成多晶型物。
本文中給出之任何式亦意欲表示化合物之未經標記形式以及同位素標記形式。同位素標記化合物具有由本文中給出之式描繪的結構,但一或多個原子經具有選定原子質量或質量數之原子置換。可併入本發明化合物中之同位素之實例包括氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟及氯之同位素,分別諸如2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl、125I。本發明包括如本文中定義之各種同位素標記化合物,例如其中存在諸如3H及14C之放射性同位素或其中
存在諸如2H及13C之非放射性同位素的化合物。該等同位素標記化合物適用於代謝研究(使用14C);反應動力學研究(使用例如2H或3H);偵測或成像技術,諸如正電子發射斷層攝影術(PET)或單光子發射電腦斷層攝影術(SPECT),包括藥物或受質組織分佈分析法;或患者之放射性治療。詳言之,18F或經標記化合物可尤其適用於PET或SPECT研究。同位素標記之式(I)化合物通常可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之習知技術,或藉由與隨附實例及製備中所述類似之方法,使用適當同位素標記試劑替代先前所用未標記試劑製備。
此外,經重同位素,尤其氘(亦即2H或D)取代可產生由較高代謝穩定性引起的某些治療優點,例如活體內半衰期延長或所需劑量減少或治療指數改善。應理解,在此情形下,氘視為式(I)化合物之取代基。該重同位素(特定言之氘)之濃度可由同位素增濃因素定義。如本文所用之術語「同位素增濃因素」意謂指定同位素之同位素豐度與天然豐度之間的比率。若本發明化合物中之取代基表示為氘,則該化合物對於各指定氘原子之同位素增濃因素為至少3500(各指定氘原子處併入52.5%氘)、至少4000(併入60%氘)、至少4500(併入67.5%氘)、至少5000(併入75%氘)、至少5500(併入82.5%氘)、至少6000(併入90%氘)、至少6333.3(併入95%氘)、至少6466.7(併入97%氘)、至少6600(併入99%氘)或至少6633.3(併入99.5%氘)。
本發明之醫藥學上可接受之溶劑合物包括其中結晶溶劑
可經同位素取代(例如,D2O、d6-丙酮、d6-DMSO)的溶劑合物。
本發明化合物可藉由包括與化學技術中所熟知類似之過程的合成途徑,尤其根據本文中之描述合成。起始物質通常可自商業來源(諸如Aldrich Chemicals(Milwaukee,Wis.))獲得或可容易地使用熟習此項技術者熟知的方法製備(例如藉由Louis F.Fieser及Mary Fieser,Reagents for Organic Synthesis,第1-19卷,Wiley,New York(1967-1999版)或Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie,4,Aufl.編,Springer-Verlag,Berlin,包括增刊(亦可經由Beilstein線上資料庫獲得)中一般性描述之方法製備)。
出於說明目的,下文描繪之反應流程提供用於合成本發明化合物以及關鍵中間物之可能途徑。關於個別反應步驟之更詳細描述,參見以下實例部分。熟習此項技術者應瞭解,可使用其他合成途徑合成本發明化合物。儘管流程中描繪且下文論述特定起始物質及試劑,但可容易地用其他起始物質及試劑替代以提供多種衍生物及/或反應條件。此外,由下述方法製備之多種化合物可根據本揭示內容使用熟習此項技術者熟知的習知化學方法進一步改質。
在另一態樣中,本發明係關於製備呈游離形式或醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式之式(I)化合物之方法,其包含:(a)當式(I)化合物中X表示N時,式(IIa)化合物
其中R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16及R17如關於式(I)所定義,與式(III)或(IV)之化合物反應
其中R1如關於式(I)所定義,或(b)當式(I)化合物中X表示CH時,式(IIb)化合物
其中R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16及R17如關於式(I)所定義且PG為保護基,與式(III)或(IV)之化合物反應
其中R1如關於式(I)所定義,隨後i)視情況使所得化合物還原、氧化或其他官能化,ii)使任何存在之保護基裂解,iii)回收由此獲得之呈游離形式或醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式之式(I)化合物,及/或iv)視情況使光學活性異構體之混合物分離為其個別光學活性異構形式。
可根據習知方法進行反應。舉例而言,以上步驟(a)中描述之反應可在合適金屬催化劑(例如肆(三苯基膦)鈀)、合適鹼(例如氟化銫)、合適溶劑(例如乙腈/水)存在下且在合適溫度(例如50℃至150℃,更佳90℃至130℃)下進行。
以上步驟(b)中描述之反應可在合適催化劑(例如乙酸鈀(II))、合適氧化劑(例如乙酸銅(II))、合適溶劑(例如乙酸)存在下且在合適溫度(例如0℃至50℃,或更佳室溫)下進
行。
在本說明書範疇內,除非上下文另有說明,否則僅有不為本發明化合物之特定所需最終產物之組分的易於移除之基團指定為「保護基」。由該等保護基保護官能基、保護基本身及其裂解反應描述於例如標準參考文獻中,諸如J.F.W.McOmie,「Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry」,Plenum Press,London and New York 1973;T.W.Greene及P.G.M.Wuts,「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第三版,Wiley,New York 1999;「The Peptides」,第三卷(編者:E.Gross及J.Meienhofer),Academic Press,London and New York 1981;「Methoden der organischen Chemie」(Methods of Organic Chemistry),Houben Weyl,第4版,第15/I卷,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart 1974;H.-D.Jakubke及H.Jeschkeit,「Aminosäuren,Peptide,Proteine」(Amino acids,Peptides,Proteins),Verlag Chemie,Weinheim,Deerfield Beach及Basel 1982;及Jochen Lehmann,「Chemie der Kohlenhydrate:Monosaccharide und Derivate」(Chemistry of Carbohydrates:Monosaccharides and Derivatives),Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart 1974。保護基之特徵為其可易於移除(亦即不發生不當次級反應),例如藉由溶劑分解、還原、光解或在生理條件下(例如藉由酶裂解)移除。
具有至少一個成鹽基團的本發明化合物之鹽可以熟習此
項技術者已知的方式製備。舉例而言,具有酸基的本發明化合物之鹽可例如藉由用以下物質處理化合物而形成:金屬化合物,諸如合適有機羧酸之鹼金屬鹽,例如2-乙基己酸之鈉鹽;有機鹼金屬或鹼土金屬化合物,諸如相應氫氧化物、碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽,諸如鈉或鉀之氫氧化物、碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽;相應鈣化合物或氨或合適有機胺,較佳使用化學計算量或僅稍微過量之成鹽劑。本發明化合物之酸加成鹽以習用方式獲得,例如藉由用酸或合適陰離子交換試劑處理化合物。含有酸性及鹼性成鹽基團(例如游離羧基及游離胺基)之本發明化合物之內鹽可(例如)藉由(例如)用弱鹼中和鹽(諸如酸加成鹽)至等電點或藉由用離子交換劑處理來形成。
可根據熟習此項技術者已知的方法將鹽轉化為游離化合物。金屬及銨鹽可例如藉由用合適酸及酸加成鹽處理,例如藉由用合適鹼性試劑處理來轉化。
對於含有不對稱碳原子之化合物,化合物以個別光學活性異構形式或其混合物(例如外消旋混合物或非對映異構混合物)形式存在。本發明包括個別光學活性R異構體與S異構體,以及其混合物(例如外消旋混合物或非對映異構混合物)。此外,本發明涵蓋所有幾何異構體及位置異構體。舉例而言,若本發明化合物合併有雙鍵或稠環,則順式及反式形式以及混合物均涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。
非對映異構混合物可基於其物理化學差異藉由熟習此項技術者熟知之方法(諸如藉由層析及/或分步結晶)分離為其
個別非對映異構體。可藉由以下方式分離對映異構體:藉由與適當光學活性化合物(例如對掌性助劑,諸如對掌性醇或莫舍氏酸氯化物(Mosher's acid chloride))反應將對映異構混合物轉化為非對映異構混合物,分離非對映異構體且將個別非對映異構體轉化(例如水解)為相應純對映異構體。又,一些本發明化合物可為滯轉異構體(例如經取代之聯芳基)且視為本發明之部分。亦可藉由使用市售對掌性HPLC管柱來分離對映異構體。
本發明另外包括本發明方法之任何變型,其中將可於其任何階段獲得之中間產物用作起始材料且進行其餘步驟,或其中該等起始材料係在反應條件下當場形成,或其中該等反應組份係以其鹽或光學純物質形式使用。本發明化合物及中間物亦可根據熟習此項技術者通常已知的方法彼此轉化。
出於說明目的,下文描繪之反應流程提供用於合成本發明化合物以及關鍵中間物之可能途徑。關於個別反應步驟之更詳細描述,參見以下實例部分。熟習此項技術者應瞭解,可使用其他合成途徑合成本發明化合物。儘管流程中描繪且下文論述特定起始物質及試劑,但可容易地用其他起始物質及試劑替代以提供多種衍生物及/或反應條件。此外,由下述方法製備之多種化合物可根據本揭示內容使用熟習此項技術者熟知的習知化學方法進一步改質。
通常,可以市售中間物V為起始物質根據流程1以4個步驟製備式Ia化合物。關於以上展示之流程中之個別步驟,步驟1涉及藉由用親核試劑(諸如官能化N-嗎啉基中間物VI)進行氯置換來製備中間物VII。可藉由使中間物VII與中間物VIII在適當鹼(諸如二異丙基乙胺)、溶劑(諸如二甲基乙醯胺)及熱量存在下反應來製備中間物IX。步驟3涉及
使中間物IX溴化為中間物IIa,此可使用溴於適當溶劑(諸如二氯甲烷)中進行。可藉由使用金屬催化劑(最通常例如市售鈀錯合物)使中間物II與多種市售或合成之結構III或IV之酸或酯偶合來製備結構Ia之目標化合物。
通常,可以市售中間物X為起始物質根據流程2以5個步驟製備式Ib化合物。關於流程2中之個別步驟,步驟1涉及藉由用親核試劑(諸如官能化N-嗎啉基中間物VI)進行氯置
換來製備中間物XI。可藉由使中間物XI與中間物VIII在溶劑(諸如二甲基乙醯胺)、鹼(諸如二異丙基乙胺)及熱量存在下反應來製備中間物XII。步驟3涉及使用適當保護基(諸如氯甲苯或SEM氯化物)在鹼(諸如氫化鈉)及溶劑(諸如四氫呋喃)存在下保護中間物XII形成中間物IIb。步驟4涉及使中間物IIb與適當酸在適當溶劑(諸如乙酸)、氧化劑(諸如乙酸銅)及市售鈀催化劑存在下偶合。獲得由結構Ib例示之目標化合物的最終步驟涉及使用酸鹼或適當催化劑(諸如鈀)移除保護基。
可根據流程3以1個步驟製備式IV之酸酯,其中R1如式(I)中所描述。該步驟涉及使式XIII之經取代之芳基溴或雜芳基溴與雙(頻哪醇根基)二硼在80℃至120℃範圍內之溫度下在市售鈀催化劑、溶劑(諸如二噁烷)存在下反應。
呈游離形式或醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式的式I化合物(下文中通常稱為「本發明藥劑」)在活體外測試時呈現有價值的藥理學性質,且因此可適用於藥劑、療法或用作研究化學物質,例如工具化合物。
本發明藥劑為I類PI3K及mTOR之抑制劑。本發明化合物
對I類PI3K及mTOR之抑制性可在如下文描述之測試中評估。
PI3K KinaseGlo分析法:將50 nL化合物稀釋物分配於黑色384孔低容量非結合苯乙烯(NBS)板(Costar目錄編號NBS#3676)上。將以10 mg/ml於甲醇中之溶液形式提供之L-a-磷脂醯肌醇(PI)轉移至玻璃管中且在氮束下乾燥。接著藉由渦旋將其再懸浮於3%辛基葡萄糖苷(OG)中且在4℃下儲存。KinaseGlo發光激酶分析法(Promega,Madison/WI,USA)為藉由定量激酶反應後殘留在溶液中之ATP量來量測激酶活性之均相HTS方法。
添加5 μL PI/OG與PI3K次型之混合物(表1)。藉由添加含有10 μL(最終體積)10 mM TRIS-HCl pH 7.5、3 mM MgCl2、50 mM NaCl、0.05% CHAPS、1 mM DTT及1 μM ATP之5 μl ATP混合物來起始激酶反應且在室溫下進行。用10 μl KinaseGlo終止反應且在10分鐘後於Synergy2讀取器中使用0.1秒/孔之積分時間讀取板。將2.5 μM泛I類PI3激酶抑制劑(標準物)添加至分析板中以引起對激酶反應之100%抑制且由溶劑媒劑(90% DMSO之水溶液)提供0%抑制。標準物用作參考化合物且一式兩份以16個稀釋點形式包括於所有分析板中。
PI3Kα構築體為p85α iSH2結構域與各別p110同功異型物
之融合物。如下文描述,p85α片段及p110同功異型物基因係藉由PCR自第一股cDNA產生,該第一股cDNA係藉由RT-PCR自市售RNA(來自胎盤、睾丸及腦)產生。
BV1075:桿狀病毒BV-1075之構築體係由包含將p85片段及p110α片段選殖至載體pBlueBac4.5中之三部分連接反應產生。p85片段來源於經Nhe/Spe消化之質體p1661-2。藉由定序檢驗p110α片段(來源於自身純系)且於LR410中用作SpeI/HindIII片段。為了產生桿狀病毒表現載體LR410,使用將插入物轉移至Gateway適應之pBlueBac4.5(Invitrogen)載體中的gateway LR反應。用Nhe/HindIII消化選殖載體pBlueBac4.5(Invitrogen)。由此產生構築體PED 153.8。p85組分(iSH2)係藉由PCR使用ORF 318作為模板以及1個正向引子KAC1028(5'-gctagcatgcgagaatatgatagat-tatatgaag-aatatacc)(SEQ ID NO:1)及2個反向引子KAC1029(5'-gcctccaccac-ctccgcctg-gtttaatgctgttcatacgtttgtc)(SEQ ID NO:2)及KAC1039(5'-tactagtc-cgcctccac-cacctccgcctccaccacctccgcc)(SEQ ID NO:3)產生。兩個反向引子重疊且將12×Gly連接子及p110α基因之N端序列併入SpeI位點中。將PCR片段選殖至pCR2.1 TOPO(Invitrogen)中。在所得純系中,藉由定序測定p1661-2為正確的。用Nhe及SpeI消化此質體且所得片段經凝膠分離且純化以進行次選殖。
藉由用Spe I及HindIII對純系LR410進行酶消化(參見上文)產生p110α選殖片段。SpeI位點位於p110α基因之編碼區
中。所得片段經凝膠分離且純化以進行次選殖。藉由用Nhe及HindIII進行酶消化來製備選殖載體pBlueBac4.5(Invitrogen)。切割載體(cut vector)用Qiagen管柱純化,接著用小牛腸鹼性磷酸酶(CIP)(BioLabs)去磷酸化。在CIP反應完成後,切割載體再經管柱純化以產生最終載體。使用Roche Rapid連接酶及供應商說明書進行三部分連接反應。藉由定序檢驗最終質體。
以兩個層析步驟純化PI3Kα:在Ni瓊脂糖凝膠樹脂(GE Healthcare)上進行固定金屬親和層析(IMAC)及利用Superdex 200 26/60管柱(GE Healthcare)進行凝膠過濾。所
有緩衝液冷卻至4℃且進行溶解,在冰上冷卻。在室溫下進行管柱份化。
通常將來自10 L Tn5細胞培養物之冷凍細胞再懸浮於「溶解緩衝液」20 mM Tris-Cl(pH 7.5)、500 mM NaCl、5%甘油、5 mM咪唑、1 mM NaF、0.1 μg/mL岡田酸(okadaic acid)(OAA)、5 mM BME、1×完全蛋白酶抑制劑混合物(不含EDTA)(20錠/1 L緩衝液,Roche Applied Sciences)、benzonase(25 U/mL緩衝液,EMD Bioscien-ces)中以1:6 v/v粒子對溶解緩衝液比率,且使用緊密配合研杵搗(douncing)20擊來機械溶解細胞。溶解產物在45,000 g離心30分鐘,將上清液裝載於預先平衡之IMAC管柱上(3 mL樹脂/100 mL溶解產物)。管柱用3-5管柱體積之溶解緩衝液洗,接著用3-5管柱體積之20 mM Tris-Cl(pH 7.5)、500 mM NaCl、5%甘油、45 mM咪唑、1 mM NaF、0.1 μg/mL OAA、5 mM BME、1×完全蛋白酶抑制劑混合物(不含EDTA)第二次洗。蛋白質用20 mM Tris-Cl(pH 7.5)、0.5 M NaCl、5%甘油、250 mM咪唑、1 mM NaF、0.1 μg/mL OAA、5 mM BME、1×完全蛋白酶抑制劑混合物(不含EDTA)溶離。相關溶離份藉由SDS-PAGE分析且相應彙集。蛋白質進一步藉由在20 mM Tris-Cl(pH 7.5)、0.5 M NaCl、5%甘油、1 mM NaF、5 mM DTT、1×完全蛋白酶抑制劑混合物(不含EDTA)中平衡之Superdex 200 26/60管柱進行凝膠過濾純化。相關溶離份藉由SDS-PAGE分析且相應彙集。添加等體積之透析緩衝液(20 mM Tris-Cl(pH
7.5)、500 mM NaCl、50%甘油、5 mM NaF、5 mM DTT)至彙集物中,接著針對透析緩衝液兩種變化(一種變化隔夜)進行透析。蛋白質儲存在-20℃。
使用FRAP1/mTOR TR-FRET示蹤劑分析法(Invitrogen,Life Technologies)評估與mTOR相互作用之化合物之IC50。添加FRAP1/mTOR(PV4753)及LanthaScreen Eu-抗GST抗體(PV5594)(總體積14 μL)至ProxiPlate-384 Plus(Perkin-Elmer)384孔板之各孔中。化合物於DMSO中連續稀釋(12點,4×稀釋因數),接著1 μL經稀釋化合物添加至各孔中且藉由使用Biomek FX(Beckman Coulter)吸液混合。5 μL mTOR激酶示蹤劑314(PV 6087)添加至各孔中,混合,且各板在室溫培育1小時。各組分之最終濃度為:6 nM FRAP1/3 nM LanthaScreen Eu-抗GST抗體/50 nM mTOR激酶示蹤劑314/未經標記之化合物,4.8*10^-6-20 μM。最終分析緩衝液組成為:50 mM HEPES(pH 7.5)、50 mM NaCl、5 mM MgCl2、1 mM EGTA、0.01% Pluronic F-127。各板在板讀取器(Perkin Elmer,EnVision)中使用340 nm激發波長及兩種發射波長(發射波長-1 665 nm及發射波長-2 615 nm)測量。使用GraphPad Prism軟體將各孔之TR-FRET比率(發射波長-1 665/發射波長-2 615)對化合物濃度作圖,且使用非線性回歸且去除離群值測定IC50。
以下描述利用TSC1-/-小鼠胚胎纖維母細胞(MEF)進行高
含量成像分析法,以測試化合物對組成性活性mTOR之抑制。該分析法係基於使用市售抗體對磷-S6(240/244)染色及用螢光標記之二次抗體偵測。此分析法產生抑制mTOR之化合物之IC50值。此處描述用於觀測及量測pS6 240/244含量變化之成像方案及影像辨識演算法。
1.第0天:細胞塗佈。藉由胰蛋白酶處理收集未匯合TSC1-/-MEF,將其再懸浮於生長培養基中且進行計數。製備166'666個細胞/毫升之細胞懸浮液且使用電子多注式吸液管將30 μL添加至384孔板之孔中。由此塗佈5000個細胞/孔。將板短暫離心且置放於37℃及5% CO2下。
2.第1天:使用384孔板洗滌器於PBS饑餓溶液(含有葡萄糖、碳酸氫鈉、HEPES及酚紅)中洗滌細胞板。洗滌方案進行抽吸使體積降至30微升/孔,隨後以60微升/孔分配PBS饑餓溶液。重複抽吸及分配步驟8次且得到最終體積30微升/孔。將細胞板置放於37℃及5% CO2下2小時。化合物處理。於DMSO中製備化合物劑量反應物(response)。接著將劑量反應物於培養基中以1:50稀釋。添加10 μl經稀釋化合物至30 μl細胞中,產生原始化合物之最終1:200稀釋物及最終0.5% DMSO。一式三份地進行化合物處理。將板置放於37℃及5% CO2下2小時。接著藉由以10微升/孔添加5×濃縮之莫斯基固定劑(Mirsky's fixative)固定細胞。由此得到50微升/孔總體積及1×莫斯基固定劑濃度。將細胞板短暫離心且在室溫下
培育1小時。接著使用384孔板洗滌器使用如下方案洗滌細胞:進行抽吸使體積降至30微升/孔,隨後以60微升/孔分配1×TBS。重複抽吸及分配步驟8次,接著再進行一次抽吸步驟使最終容積為10微升/孔。接著以25微升/孔添加阻斷緩衝液(1×TBS+0.1% Triton X-100+0.1% BSA)且在室溫下培育板30分鐘。接著對細胞板進行抽吸使其降至10微升/孔。一次抗體(磷-S6核糖體蛋白(Ser240/244)(61H9)兔mAb細胞信號傳導#4838)於阻斷緩衝液中以1:150稀釋,接著以10微升/孔添加至細胞板中。在4℃下培育板隔夜。
3.第2天:用上文詳細描述之1×TBS方法洗滌細胞板,接著以10微升/孔添加二次抗體溶液(二次抗體溶液:阻斷緩衝液+Hoechst 10 μg/ml+山羊抗兔Cy5二次抗體(1:150稀釋))(山羊抗兔IgG Cy5:Chemicon International #AP187/Hoechst 33342:Invitrogen #H3570)。在室溫下培育板1小時,接著使用上文詳細描述之方案用1×TBS在不進行最終抽吸步驟下洗滌,使得最終容積為90微升TBS/孔。成像。用70%乙醇清洗板底部,接著使用InCell 1000自動落謝螢光顯微鏡成像。使用10×放大率且每孔成像1個區域(場),此通常捕獲總共約400個細胞/孔。使用360 nm激發波長(D360_40×濾波器)、460 nM發射波長(HQ460_40M濾波器)及200 ms曝光時間獲得Hoechst33342影像。使用620 nm激發波長(Chroma 620_60×濾波器)、
700 nM發射波長(Chroma HQ700_75M濾波器)及200 ms曝光時間獲得Cy5影像。所有影像均使用雙帶通鏡。
4.影像分析:使用InCell分析軟體使用雙目標演算法(Dual Object algorithm)分析影像。首先,使用頂-帽分割(top-hat segmentation)及最小細胞核面積10 μm2於Hoechst33342影像中偵測細胞核。接著,在細胞核周圍使用0.7 μm圈環界定細胞。量測圈環內之Cy5螢光強度(細胞強度)且基於「平均值/細胞」報導結果。
5. IC50計算:藉由繪製細胞強度(y軸)與劑量反應值(x軸)之關係曲線來計算IC50。IC50值表示化合物針對mTOR之效能。
自體吞噬為異化路徑,其使溶酶體隔室中之主體細胞溶質降解,從而使胺基酸及脂肪酸能夠再循環。自體吞噬之一種關鍵調節劑為雷帕黴素之哺乳動物目標(mTOR),其為保守絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶,其在可獲得營養物、生長因子及能量時抑制自體吞噬過程起始。為定量mTOR抑制劑對自體吞噬之誘導,使用mCherry-GFP-LC3報導子,其可將反轉錄病毒傳遞至哺乳動物細胞中,穩定表現且藉由螢光顯微術進行分析。
mCherry-GFP-LC3構築體之胺基酸序列展示如下(SEQ ID NO:5)。mCherry序列加有下劃線,GFP序列呈黑體且LC3A序列加框。
以下描述用於觀測及量測自體吞噬路徑中之變化的成像方案及影像辨識演算法。
1.第0天:細胞塗佈。藉由胰蛋白酶處理收集未匯合H4 mCherry-GFP-LC3細胞,將其再懸浮於生長培養基中且進行計數(H4細胞:人類神經膠質瘤細胞株(ATCC))。製備66'000個細胞/毫升之細胞懸浮液且使用電子多注式吸液管將30 μL添加至384孔板之孔中。由此塗佈2000個細胞/孔。將細胞板短暫離心且置放於37℃及5% CO2下。
2.第1天:化合物處理。於DMSO中製備化合物劑量反應
物。接著將劑量反應物於培養基中以1:50稀釋。添加10 μl經稀釋化合物至30 μl細胞中,產生原始化合物之最終1:200稀釋物及最終0.5% DMSO。一式三份地進行化合物處理。將384孔板置放於37℃及5% CO2下。化合物處理進行16-18小時(參見註釋1)。
3.第2天:細胞固定。藉由以10微升/孔添加補充有25 μg/mL Hoechst33342之5×濃縮之莫斯基固定劑來固定細胞。由此得到50微升/孔總體積及1×莫斯基固定劑及5 μg/mL Hoechst33342濃度。將384孔板短暫離心且在室溫下培育1小時。接著使用384孔板洗滌器使用如下方案洗滌細胞:進行抽吸使體積降至10微升/孔,隨後以100微升/孔分配1×TBS。重複抽吸及分配步驟4次且得到最終體積100微升/孔。使用黏著性PCR箔密封板。
4.成像。用70%乙醇清洗板底部,接著使用InCell 1000自動落謝螢光顯微鏡成像。使用20×放大率且每孔成像4個不同區域(場),此通常捕獲總共約400個細胞/孔。使用360 nm激發波長(D360_40×濾波器)、460 nM發射波長(HQ460_40M濾波器)及150 ms曝光時間獲得Hoechst33342影像。使用475 nm激發波長(S475_20×濾波器)、535 nM發射波長(HQ535_50M濾波器)及1 s曝光時間獲得GFP影像。使用535 nm激發波長(HQ535_50×濾波器)、620 nM發射波長(HQ620_60M濾波器)及1 s曝光時間獲得mCherry影像。所有影像均使用四帶通鏡。
5.影像分析。使用InCell分析軟體使用多目標分析演算法
分析影像。首先,使用頂-帽分割及最小細胞核面積50 μm2於Hoechst33342影像中偵測細胞核。在細胞核周圍使用10 μm圈環界定細胞。接著,使用多頂-帽分割於mCherry影像中鑑別細胞內之斑點(細胞器)。接著,將mCherry斑點之遮罩轉移至GFP影像上。接著,量測mCherry斑點遮罩內之GFP螢光強度(參考強度)。
6.「細胞器」參數反映mCherry-GFP-LC3報導子之mCherry陽性斑點且用於計算「LC3斑點/細胞」。為達成此目的,計算既定孔中每個細胞之細胞器數目且計算所有細胞之平均值(基於每個細胞之平均值)。繪製mCherry陽性LC3斑點數目(y軸)與化合物劑量反應值(x軸)之關係曲線且計算各化合物之EC50值。EC50值表示化合物在自體吞噬活化(例如mCherry陽性LC3斑點計數增加)方面的效能。
1.在化合物處理3-4小時後已可觀測到mCherry-GFP-LC3之自體吞噬調節及重分配。然而,在16-18小時處理時間下發現更穩固作用。
實例之化合物當於上述分析法中測試時展示下表1中列出之值。
如本文所用,術語「醫藥學上可接受之載劑」包括任何及所有溶劑、分散介質、塗佈劑、界面活性劑、抗氧化劑、防腐劑(例如抗細菌劑、抗真菌劑)、等滲劑、吸收延遲劑、鹽、防腐劑、藥物、藥物穩定劑、黏合劑、賦形劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、甜味劑、調味劑、染料及其類似物
及其組合,如熟習此項技術者所知(參見例如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版Mack Printing Company,1990,第1289-1329頁)。除非任何習知載劑與活性成分不相容,否則預期其用於治療或醫藥組合物中。
術語「治療有效量」之本發明化合物係指將引起個體之生物學或醫學反應,例如降低或抑制酶或蛋白質活性,或改善症狀,減輕病狀,減緩或延緩疾病進程或預防疾病等之量之本發明化合物。在一個非限制性實施例中,術語「治療有效量」係指在投與個體時可有效引起以下作用之本發明化合物之量:(1)至少部分緩和、抑制、預防及/或改善(i)由I類PI3K及/或mTOR介導或(ii)與I類PI3K及/或mTOR活性有關,或(iii)以I類PI3K及/或mTOR活性(正常或異常)為特徵之病狀或病症或疾病;或(2)降低或抑制I類PI3K及/或mTOR活性。在另一非限制性實施例中,術語「治療有效量」係指在投與細胞或組織或非細胞生物物質或介質時可有效地至少部分降低或抑制I類PI3K及/或mTOR活性的本發明化合物之量。以上實施例中關於I類PI3K及/或mTOR所說明之術語「治療有效量」之含義亦同樣適用於任何其他相關蛋白質/肽/酶,諸如II類或III類PI3K。
如本文所用,術語「個體」係指動物。動物通常為哺乳動物。個體亦指例如靈長類動物(例如人類,男性或女性)、牛、綿羊、山羊、馬、犬、貓、兔、大鼠、小鼠、魚、鳥及其類似動物。在某些實施例中,個體為靈長類動
物。在其他實施例中,個體為人類。
如本文所用,術語「抑制」係指減輕或抑制既定病狀、症狀或病症或疾病,或顯著降低生物活性或過程之基線活性。
如本文所用,在一個實施例中,術語「治療」任何疾病或病症係指緩解疾病或病症(亦即減緩或阻止或減慢疾病或其至少一種臨床症狀發展)。在另一實施例中,「治療」係指減輕或緩解至少一個身體參數,包括患者不可辨別之身體參數。在另一實施例中,「治療」係指在身體上(例如穩定可辨別之症狀)、生理上(例如穩定身體參數)或兩方面調節疾病或病症。
如本文中所用,術語「預防」任何特定疾病或病症係指在該疾病或病症之任何症狀變明顯前向個體投與本發明化合物。
如本文所用,若個體將在生物學、醫學或生活品質方面獲益於治療,則該個體「需要」該治療。
除非本文中另有說明或與上下文明顯矛盾,否則如本文所用,本發明之上下文中(尤其在申請專利範圍之上下文中)所用之術語「一」、「該」及類似術語應解釋為包括單數及複數。使用本文所提供之任何及所有實例或例示性語言(例如「諸如」)僅意欲更好地說明本發明,而不對另外所主張之本發明之範疇構成限制。
術語「本發明化合物」(除非另有特定說明)係指式(I)化合物、實例之化合物、該等化合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽
及/或該等化合物之水合物或溶劑合物,以及所有立體異構體(包括非對映異構體及對映異構體)、互變異構體及同位素標記化合物(包括氘)。
本發明化合物適用於治療由抑制I類PI3K及mTOR酶調節之疾病、病狀及病症;因此,本發明化合物(包括所用其之組合物及方法)可用於製造用於本文中所描述之治療應用之藥劑。因此,本發明之另一實施例為一種醫藥組合物,其包含治療有效量之本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑、稀釋劑或載劑。在本發明之另一實施例中,提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑、稀釋劑或載劑。
典型調配物係藉由將本發明化合物與載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑混合來製備。合適載劑、稀釋劑及賦形劑為熟習此項技術者所熟知且包括諸如以下物質:碳水化合物、蠟、水溶性及/或水膨脹性聚合物、親水性或疏水性物質、明膠、油、溶劑、水及其類似物。所使用之特定載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑將視施用本發明化合物之方式及目的而定。溶劑通常係基於熟習此項技術者認為可安全(GRAS)投與哺乳動物之溶劑來選擇。通常,安全溶劑為無毒水性溶劑,諸如水及可溶於水或可與水混溶之其他無毒溶劑。合適水性溶劑包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(例如PEG 400、PEG 300)等及其混合物。調配物亦可包括一或多種緩衝劑、穩定劑、界面活性劑、濕潤劑、潤滑劑、乳化劑、懸
浮劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、蔽光劑、助流劑、加工助劑、著色劑、甜味劑、芳香劑、調味劑及其他已知添加劑以提供藥物(亦即本發明化合物或其醫藥組合物)之優美外觀或幫助製造醫藥產品(亦即藥劑)。
調配物可使用習知溶解及混合程序製備。舉例而言,在一或多種賦形劑存在下,將散裝原料藥(亦即本發明化合物或穩定形式之化合物(例如與環糊精衍生物或其他已知複合劑之複合物))溶解於合適溶劑中。本發明化合物通常調配為醫藥劑型以提供可易於控制劑量之藥物及向患者提供優美且易於操作之產品。
視用於投與藥物之方法而定,可以多種方式包裝醫藥組合物(或調配物)以供施用。通常,供分配用之物品包括用來存放適當形式之醫藥調配物之容器。合適容器為熟習此項技術者所熟知且包括諸如瓶(塑膠及玻璃)、藥囊、安瓿、塑膠袋、金屬筒及其類似物之材料。容器亦可包括防亂開裝置(tamper-proof assemblage)以防止輕易獲取包裝之內含物。此外,容器上附有描述容器內含物之標籤。該標籤亦可包括適當警告。
在一個實施例中,本發明係關於治療由PI3K及/或mTOR介導之細胞增殖性疾病,諸如腫瘤及/或癌細胞生長。疾病可包括顯示PI3Kα、Rheb之過表現或擴增,PIK3CA之體細胞突變或PTEN、TSC1、TSC2之生殖系突變或體細胞突變,或用於上調p85-p110複合物之p85α之突變及易位的疾病。詳言之,該等化合物適用於治療人類或動物(例如鼠
類)癌症,包括例如肉瘤;肺癌;支氣管癌;前列腺癌;乳癌(包括偶發性乳癌及考登氏病(Cowden disease)患者);胰臟癌;胃腸癌;結腸癌;直腸癌;結腸癌瘤;結腸直腸腺瘤;甲狀腺癌;肝癌;肝內膽管癌;肝細胞癌;腎上腺癌;腹部癌;胃癌;神經膠質瘤;神經膠母細胞瘤;子宮內膜癌;黑素瘤;腎癌;腎盂癌;膀胱癌;子宮體癌;子宮頸癌;陰道癌;卵巢癌;多發性骨髓瘤;食道癌;白血病;急性骨髓性白血病;慢性骨髓性白血病;淋巴球性白血病;骨髓白血病;腦癌;腦部癌瘤;口腔癌及咽癌;喉癌;小腸癌;非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma);黑素瘤;絨毛狀結腸腺瘤;贅瘤形成;上皮贅瘤形成;淋巴瘤;乳腺癌瘤;基底細胞癌瘤;鱗狀細胞癌瘤;光化性角化症;腫瘤疾病,包括實體腫瘤;頸部或頭部腫瘤;真性紅血球增多症;原發性血小板增多症;伴有骨髓細胞化生之骨髓纖維化;及沃氏病(Walden stroem disease)。
在其他實施例中,病狀或病症(例如PI3K介導)選自由以下組成之群:真性紅血球增多症、原發性血小板增多症、伴有骨髓細胞化生之骨髓纖維化、哮喘、COPD、ARDS、呂弗勒氏症候群(Loffler's syndrome)、嗜伊紅血球性肺炎、寄生性(尤其後生動物)感染(包括熱帶性嗜伊紅血球過多症)、支氣管與肺麴菌病、結節性多動脈炎(包括徹奇-斯全司症候群(Churg-Strauss syndrome))、嗜伊紅血球性肉芽腫、由藥物反應引起之影響氣管之嗜伊紅血球相關病症、牛皮癬、接觸性皮炎、異位性皮炎、斑形脫髮、多形性紅
斑、疱疹樣皮炎、硬皮病、白斑病、超敏性脈管炎、蕁麻疹、大皰性類天疱瘡、紅斑狼瘡、天疱瘡、後天性大皰性表皮鬆解、自體免疫血液病症(例如溶血性貧血、再生障礙性貧血、純紅血球貧血症及特發性血小板減少症)、全身性紅斑狼瘡、多軟骨炎、硬皮病、韋格納肉芽腫(Wegener granulomatosis)、皮肌炎、慢性活動型肝炎、重症肌無力、斯-約二氏症候群(Steven-Johnson syndrome)、特發性口炎性腹瀉、自體免疫發炎性腸病(例如潰瘍性結腸炎及克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease))、內分泌眼病變、格雷夫氏病(Grave's disease)、類肉瘤病、肺泡炎、慢性過敏性肺炎、多發性硬化、原發性膽汁肝硬化、葡萄膜炎(前部及後部)、肺間質纖維化、牛皮癬性關節炎、絲球體腎炎、心血管疾病、動脈粥樣硬化、高血壓、深靜脈血栓形成、中風、心肌梗塞、不穩定絞痛、血栓栓塞、肺栓塞、血栓溶解疾病、急性動脈缺血、周邊血栓性閉塞及冠狀動脈病、再灌注損傷、視網膜病(諸如糖尿病性視網膜病或高壓氧誘發之視網膜病)及以眼內壓升高或眼房液分泌為特徵之病狀,諸如青光眼。
與mTOR激酶活性調節異常具有確定或可能分子關聯之其他症候群描述於例如「K.Inoki等人;Disregulation of the TSC-mTOR pathway in human disease,Nature Genetics,第37卷,19-24」;「D.M.Sabatini;mTOR and cancer:insights into a complex relationship,Nature Reviews,第6卷,729-734」;及「B.T.Hennessy等人;Exploiting the
PI3K/Akt pathway for cancer drug discovery,Nature Reviews,第4卷,988-1004」中且如下:
‧器官或組織移植排斥反應,例如用於治療例如心臟、肺、心-肺組合、肝臟、腎臟、胰臟、皮膚或角膜移植接受者;移植物抗宿主疾病,諸如在骨髓移植後;
‧再狹窄
‧結節性硬化
‧肺淋巴管平滑肌增生症
‧視網膜色素變性及其他視網膜退化病症
‧自體免疫疾病,包括腦脊髓炎、胰島素依賴性糖尿病、狼瘡、皮肌炎、關節炎及風濕病
‧類固醇抗性急性淋巴母細胞白血病
‧纖維變性疾病,包括硬皮病、肺纖維化、腎纖維化、囊腫性纖維化
‧肺高血壓
‧免疫調節
‧多發性硬化
‧VHL症候群
‧卡雷綜合症(Carney complex)
‧家族性腺瘤性息肉病
‧幼年性息肉症候群
‧伯-胡-杜三氏症候群(Birt-Hogg-Duke syndrome)
‧家族性肥厚性心肌病
‧沃-帕-懷三氏症候群(Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)
‧神經退化性病症,諸如帕金森氏病(Parkinson's Disease)、亨庭頓氏病(Huntington's Disease)、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer' sDisease)及由τ突變引起之癡呆、III型脊髓小腦共濟失調、由SOD1突變引起之運動神經元病、神經元蠟樣脂褐質沈著症/巴藤病(Batten disease)(幼兒神經退化)
‧濕性及乾性黃斑變性
‧肌肉萎縮(萎縮、惡病質)及肌病,諸如達農氏病(Danon's disease)
‧細菌及病毒感染,包括結核分枝桿菌(M.tuberculosis)、A群鏈球菌(group A streptococcus)、I型HSV、HIV感染
‧神經纖維瘤,包括I型神經纖維瘤,及
‧珀茨-傑格斯症候群(Peutz-Jeghers syndrome)、考登氏病。
對mTORC1具有抑制活性之化合物在免疫調節及治療增生性疾病(諸如晚期腎細胞癌瘤或結節性硬化(TSC)生殖細胞系突變相關病症)方面展示效益。
mTOR Ser/Thr激酶活性或I類PI3激酶活性之催化抑制且尤其I類PI3-激酶及mTOR激酶雙重抑制可適用於治療PI3K/Akt/mTOR路徑依賴性疾病。最近已描述PI3激酶/mTOR雙重抑制劑於惡性神經膠質瘤中之功效(Cancer Cell 9,341-349)。
對於上述用途,所需劑量當然將視投藥方式、治療之特定病狀及所需作用而定。通常指示在約0.03至約100.0
mg/kg體重,例如約0.03至約10.0 mg/kg體重下全身性獲得令人滿意的結果。較大型哺乳動物(例如人類)中之指示日劑量在約0.5 mg至約3 g範圍內,例如約5 mg至約1.5 g,其可例如以至多每天4次之分次劑量或以延遲形式便利地投與。用於經口投與之合適單位劑型包含約0.1至約500 mg活性成分,例如約1.0至約500 mg活性成分。
通常,本發明化合物將以醫藥組合物形式藉由下列途徑中之任一種投與:經口、全身性(例如經皮、鼻內或經栓劑)或非經腸(例如肌肉內、靜脈內或皮下)投與。較佳投藥方式為使用可根據罹患程度作調整之便利日給藥方案經口投藥。組合物可採用錠劑、片劑、膠囊、半固體、散劑、持續釋放調配物、溶液、懸浮液、酏劑、氣溶膠或任何其他適當組合物形式。投與本發明化合物之另一種較佳方式為吸入。此為直接向呼吸道傳遞治療劑之有效方法。
本發明化合物可以游離形式或醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式(例如上文所指示者)投與。該等鹽可以習知方式製備且呈現與游離化合物相同之活性次序。
因此,本發明亦提供:
■預防或治療需要該治療之個體中由PI3K(例如PI3激酶α)及/或mTOR酶之活化介導之病狀、病症或疾病(例如上文所指示者)的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與有效量之本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。在一個實施例中,提供預防或治療需要該治療之個體中癌症或神經退化性病症之方法,該方法包含向該個體投與有效量之
本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。在另一實施例中,神經退化性病症為帕金森氏病、亨庭頓氏病或阿茲海默症。在又一實施例中,神經退化性病症為亨庭頓氏病。
■本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其係用作藥劑,例如用於本文中所指示之任一種方法中。
■本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其係用作藥物,例如用於本文中所指示之任一種方法中,尤其用於一或多種磷脂醯肌醇3-激酶介導之疾病中。在一個實施例中,提供本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療或預防癌症或神經退化性病症。在另一實施例中,神經退化性病症為帕金森氏病、亨庭頓氏病或阿茲海默症。在又一實施例中,神經退化性病症為亨庭頓氏病。
■本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之用途,其係用於本文中所指示之任一種方法中,尤其用於治療或預防一或多種磷脂醯肌醇3-激酶介導之疾病。在一個實施例中,提供本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之用途,其係用於治療或預防癌症或神經退化性病症。在另一實施例中,神經退化性病症為帕金森氏病、亨庭頓氏病或阿茲海默症。在又一實施例中,神經退化性病症為亨庭頓氏病。
■本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之用途,其係用於製造用以治療或預防一或多種磷脂醯肌醇3-激酶介導
之疾病的藥劑。在一個實施例中,提供本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之用途,其係用於製造用以治療或預防癌症或神經退化性病症之藥劑。在另一實施例中,神經退化性病症為帕金森氏病、亨庭頓氏病或阿茲海默症。在又一實施例中,神經退化性病症為亨庭頓氏病。
PI3K充當第二信使節點,其整合平行信號傳導路徑,有證據表明PI3K抑制劑與其他路徑之抑制劑之組合將適用於治療人類之癌症及增生性疾病。
約20-30%之人類乳癌過度表現Her-2/neu-ErbB2,其為藥物曲妥株單抗(trastuzumab)之目標。儘管曲妥株單抗已在一些表現Her2/neu-ErbB2之患者體內顯示持久性反應,但此等患者中僅有一部分作出反應。進一步研究表明此有限反應率可由曲妥珠單抗與PI3K抑制劑或PI3K/AKT路徑抑制劑之組合實質性改良(Chan等人,Breast Can.Res.Treat.91:187(2005);Woods Ignatoski等人,Brit.J.Cancer 82:666(2000);Nagata等人,Cancer Cell 6:117(2004))。
多種人類惡性疾病表現Her1/EGFR活化突變或含量增加且已開發許多針對此受體酪胺酸激酶之抗體及小分子抑制劑,包括得舒緩(tarceva)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)及爾必得舒(erbitux)。然而,儘管EGFR抑制劑在某些人類腫瘤(例如NSCLC)內顯示抗腫瘤活性,但其不能提高罹患EGFR表現腫瘤之所有患者之總患者存活率。此可藉由Her1/EGFR之多種下游目標在多種惡性疾病(包括PI3K/Akt路徑)中頻繁
突變或失調來解釋。舉例而言,在活體外分析法中,吉非替尼抑制腺癌細胞株生長。然而,可選擇抵抗吉非替尼的該等細胞株之次純系,其顯示PI3/Akt路徑活化增加。此路徑之下調或抑制致使抗性次純系對吉非替尼敏感(Kokubo等人,Brit.J.Cancer 92:1711(2005))。此外,在活體外乳癌模型(具有PTEN突變且過表現EGFR之細胞株)中,對PI3K/Akt路徑及EGFR兩者之抑制產生協同效應(She等人,Cancer Cell 8:287-297(2005))。該等結果指示吉非替尼與PI3K/Akt路徑抑制劑之組合將為有吸引力的癌症治療策略。
AEE778(Her-2/neu/ErbB2、VEGFR及EGFR之抑制劑)與RAD001(mTOR(Akt之下游目標)之抑制劑)之組合在神經膠母細胞瘤異種移植模型中產生大於任何單獨藥劑的組合功效(Goudar等人,Mol.Cancer.Ther.4:101-112(2005))。
諸如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)之抗雌激素劑經由誘發細胞週期停滯(其需要細胞週期抑制劑p27Kip之作用)來抑制乳癌生長。近來,已證實Ras-Raf-MAP激酶路徑之活化改變p27Kip之磷酸化狀態使得其使細胞週期停滯之抑制活性減弱,從而促成抗雌激素抗性(Donovan等人,J.Biol.Chem.276:40888,(2001))。如由Donovan等人所報導,經由用MEK抑制劑治療來抑制MAPK信號傳導可逆轉激素難治癒型乳癌細胞株中p27之異常磷酸化狀態且因此恢復激素敏感性。類似地,p27Kip經Akt磷酸化亦廢除其使細胞週期停滯之作用(Viglietto等人,Nat Med.8:1145(2002))。
因此,在另一態樣中,式I化合物可適用於治療激素依賴性癌症,諸如乳癌及前列腺癌。藉由此用途,其有助於逆轉在習知抗癌劑情況下該等癌症中通常發現之激素抗性。
在諸如慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)之血液癌症中,染色體易位為造成構成性活化之BCR-Abl酪胺酸激酶之原因。受折磨之患者對小分子酪胺酸激酶抑制劑伊馬替尼(imatinib)有反應,此係由於抑制Abl激酶活性之故。然而,許多晚期疾病患者起初對伊馬替尼有反應,但稍後又回復原狀,此係由於Abl激酶域中發生賦與抗性之突變之故。活體外研究已證實BCR-Ab1使用Ras-Raf激酶路徑來引出其作用。此外,抑制同一路徑中之一種以上激酶提供對抗賦與抗性之突變的額外保護。
因此,在另一態樣中,本發明化合物與選自激酶抑制劑之群的至少一種其他藥劑(諸如Gleevec®)組合用於治療血液癌症,諸如慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)。藉由此用法,其有助於逆轉或預防對該至少一種其他藥劑之抗性。
因為PI3K/Akt路徑之活化促進細胞存活,因此該路徑之抑制與促進癌細胞之細胞凋亡之療法(包括放射線療法及化學療法)之組合將產生改良之反應(Ghobrial等人,CA Cancer J.Clin 55:178-194(2005))。舉例而言,PI3激酶抑制劑與卡鉑(carboplatin)之組合在卵巢癌之異種移植模型之活體外增殖及細胞凋亡分析法以及活體內腫瘤功效中均顯示協同效應(Westfall及Skinner,Mol.Cancer Ther.
4:1764-1771(2005))。
除癌症及增生性疾病以外,越來越多的證據表明1A類及1B類PI3激酶之抑制劑將治療性適用於其他疾病領域。已證實對p110β(PIK3CB基因之PI3K同功異型產物)的抑制涉及剪應力誘導之血小板活化(Jackson等人,Nature Medicine 11:507-514(2005))。因此,抑制p110β之PI3K抑制劑將以單一藥劑或組合形式適用於抗血栓療法中。同功異型物p110δ(PIK3CD基因之產物)對B細胞功能及分化(Clayton等人,J.Exp.Med.196:753-763(2002))、T細胞依賴性及非依賴性抗原反應(Jou等人,Mol.Cell.Biol.22:8580-8590(2002))以及肥大細胞分化(Ali等人,Nature 431:1007-1011(2004))為重要的。因此,預期p110δ抑制劑將適用於治療B-細胞促成之自體免疫疾病及哮喘。最終,對p110γ(PI3KCG基因之同功異型產物)的抑制引起T細胞(而非B細胞)反應降低(Reif等人,J.Immunol.173:2236-2240(2004))且其抑制在自體免疫疾病之動物模型中顯示功效(Camps等人,Nature Medicine 11:936-943(2005);Barber等人,Nature Medicine 11:933-935(2005))。
本發明另外提供包含至少一種本發明化合物及醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑的醫藥組合物,其適用於單獨或與其他抗癌劑一起投與人類或動物個體。
本發明另外提供治療罹患細胞增殖性疾病(諸如癌症)之人類或動物個體之方法。因此本發明提供治療需要該治療之人類或動物個體之方法,其包含向該個體投與治療有效
量之本發明化合物,單獨或與一或多種其他抗癌劑組合。詳言之,組合物將調配在一起作為組合治療劑或單獨投與。適於與本發明化合物一起使用之抗癌劑包括(但不限於)一或多種選自由如下列出之激酶抑制劑、抗雌激素劑、抗雄激素劑、其他抑制劑、癌症化學治療藥物、烷化劑、螯合劑、生物反應修飾劑、癌症疫苗、反義療法藥劑組成之群的化合物:
A.激酶抑制劑:與本發明化合物結合用作抗癌劑之激酶抑制劑包括表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)激酶抑制劑,諸如小分子喹唑啉,例如吉非替尼(US 5457105、US 5616582及US 5770599)、ZD-6474(WO 01/32651)、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(Tarceva®,US 5,747,498及WO 96/30347)及拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(US 6,727,256及WO 02/02552);血管內皮生長因子受體(VEGFR)激酶抑制劑,包括SU-11248(WO 01/60814)、SU 5416(US 5,883,113及WO 99/61422)、SU 6668(US 5,883,113及WO 99/61422)、CHIR-258(US 6,605,617及US 6,774,237)、瓦他拉尼(vatalanib)或PTK-787(US 6,258,812)、VEGF-Trap(WO 02/57423)、B43-染料木素(WO-09606116)、芬維A胺(fenretinide)(視黃酸對羥基苯胺)(US 4,323,581)、IM-862(WO 02/62826)、貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab)或Avastin®(WO 94/10202)、KRN-951、3-[5-(甲基磺醯基哌啶甲基)-吲哚基]-喹諾酮、AG-13736及AG-13925、吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪、ZK-304709、Veglin®、VMDA-3601、EG-004、CEP-701(US 5,621,100)、
Cand5(WO 04/09769);Erb2酪胺酸激酶抑制劑,諸如帕妥珠單抗(pertuzumab)(WO 01/00245)、曲妥珠單抗及利妥昔單抗(rituximab);Akt蛋白激酶抑制劑,諸如RX-0201;蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制劑,諸如LY-317615(WO 95/17182)及哌立福新(perifosine)(US 2003171303);Raf/Map/MEK/Ras激酶抑制劑,包括索拉非尼(sorafenib)(BAY 43-9006)、ARQ-350RP、LErafAON、BMS-354825、AMG-548及揭示於WO 03/82272中之其他Raf/Map/MEK/Ras激酶抑制劑;纖維母細胞生長因子受體(FGFR)激酶抑制劑;細胞依賴性激酶(CDK)抑制劑,包括CYC-202或洛斯維汀(roscovitine)(WO 97/20842及WO 99/02162);血小板衍生之生長因子受體(PDGFR)激酶抑制劑,諸如CHIR-258、3G3 mAb、AG-13736、SU-11248及SU6668;以及Bcr-Ab1激酶抑制劑及融合蛋白質,諸如STI-571或Gleevec®(伊馬替尼)。
B.抗雌激素劑:與本發明化合物結合用於抗癌療法中之雌激素靶向劑包括選擇性雌激素受體調節劑(SERM),包括他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、托瑞米芬(toremifene)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene);芳香酶抑制劑,包括Arimidex®或阿那曲唑(anastrozole);雌激素受體下調劑(ERD),包括Faslodex®或氟維司群(fulvestrant)。
C.抗雄激素劑:與本發明化合物結合用於抗癌療法中之雄激素靶向劑包括氟他胺(flutamide)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、非那雄安(finasteride)、胺魯米特(aminoglutethamide)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)及皮質類固
醇。
D.其他抑制劑:與本發明化合物結合用作抗癌劑之其他抑制劑包括蛋白質法呢基轉移酶抑制劑,包括替吡法尼(tipifarnib)或R-115777(US 2003134846及WO 97/21701)、BMS-214662、AZD-3409及FTI-277;拓撲異構酶抑制劑,包括美巴龍(merbarone)及二氟替康(diflomotecan)(BN-80915);有絲分裂紡錘體驅動蛋白(KSP)抑制劑,包括SB-743921及MKI-833;蛋白酶體調節劑,諸如硼替佐米(bortezomib)或Velcade®(US 5,780,454)、XL-784;及環加氧酶2(COX-2)抑制劑,包括非類固醇消炎藥物I(NSAID)。
E.癌症化學治療藥物:與本發明化合物結合用作抗癌劑之特定癌症化學治療劑包括阿那曲唑(Arimidex®)、比卡魯胺(Casodex®)、硫酸博來黴素(bleomycin sulfate)(Blenoxane®)、白消安(busulfan)(Myleran®)、白消安注射劑(Busulfex®)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)(Xeloda®)、N4-戊氧基羰基-5-去氧-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷、卡鉑(Paraplatin®)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)(BiCNU®)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)(Leukeran®)、順鉑(cisplatin)(Platinol®)、克拉屈濱(cladribine)(Leustatin®)、環磷醯胺(Cytoxan®或Neosar®)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖(cytosine arabinoside)(Cytosar-U®)、阿糖胞苷脂質體注射劑(DepoCyt®)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)(DTIC-Dome®)、更生黴素(dactinomycin)(放線菌素D(Actinomycin D)/Cosmegan)、鹽酸道諾黴素(daunorubicin hydrochloride)
(Cerubidine®)、檸檬酸道諾黴素脂質體注射劑(DaunoXome®)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、多西他賽(docetaxel)(Taxotere®)、鹽酸阿黴素(doxorubicin hydrochloride)(Adriamycin®,Rubex®)、依託泊苷(etoposide)(Vepesid®)、磷酸氟達拉濱(fludarabine phosphate)(Fludara®)、5-氟尿嘧啶(Adrucil®、Efudex®)、氟他胺(Eulexin®)、替紮他濱(tezacitibine)、吉西他濱(Gemcitabine)(二氟去氧胞苷)、羥基脲(Hydrea®)、艾達黴素(Idarubicin)(Idamycin®)、異環磷醯胺(IFEX®)、伊立替康(irinotecan)(Camptosar®)、L-天冬醯胺酶(ELSPAR®)、甲醯四氫葉鈣、美法侖(melphalan)(Alkeran®)、6-巰基嘌呤(Purinethol®)、甲胺喋呤(Folex®)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)(Novantrone®)、麥洛塔(mylotarg)、太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(Taxol®)、芬尼克斯(phoenix)(釔90/MX-DTPA)、噴司他汀(pentostatin)、具有卡莫司汀植入劑之聚苯丙生20(polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant)(Gliadel®)、檸檬酸他莫昔芬(tamoxifen citrate)(Nolvadex®)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)(Vumon®)、6-硫鳥嘌呤、噻替派(thiotepa)、替拉紮明(tirapazamine)(Tirazone®)、注射用鹽酸拓撲替康(topotecan hydrochloride)(Hycamptin®)、長春鹼(vinblastine)(Velban®)、長春新鹼(vincristine)(Oncovin®)及長春瑞濱(vinorelbine)(Navelbine®)。
F.烷化劑:與本發明化合物結合使用之烷化劑包括
VNP-40101M或克羅迪新(cloretizine)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)(US 4,169,846、WO 03/24978及WO 03/04505)、葡磷醯胺(glufosfamide)、馬磷醯胺(mafosfamide)、凡畢複(etopophos)(US 5,041,424)、潑尼氮芥(prednimustine);曲奧舒凡(treosulfan);白消安;伊洛福芬(irofluven)(醯基芙);本可麥定(penclomedine);吡唑并吖啶(pyrazoloacridine)(PD-115934);O6-苯甲基鳥嘌呤;地西他濱(decitabine)(5-氮雜-2-去氧胞苷);布洛利辛(brostallicin);絲裂黴素C(MitoExtra);TLK-286(Telcyta®);替莫唑胺(temozolomide);他比特啶(trabectedin)(US 5,478,932);AP-5280(順鉑之鉑酸鹽調配物);波弗黴素(porfiromycin);及克拉西得(clearazide)(氮芥)。
G.螯合劑:與本發明化合物結合使用之螯合劑包括四硫鉬酸鹽(WO 01/60814);RP-697;嵌合T84.66(cT84.66);釓磷維塞(gadofosveset)(Vasovist®);去鐵胺(deferoxamine);博來黴素(bleomycin)(視情況與電穿孔(EPT)組合)。
H.生物反應修飾劑:與本發明化合物結合使用之生物反應修飾劑(諸如免疫調節劑)包括星型孢菌素(staurosprine)及其巨環類似物,包括UCN-01、CEP-701及米哚妥林(midostaurin)(參見WO 02/30941、WO 97/07081、WO 89/07105、US 5,621,100、WO 93/07153、WO 01/04125、WO 02/30941、WO 93/08809、WO
94/06799、WO 00/27422、WO 96/13506及WO 88/07045);角鯊胺(squalamine)(WO 01/79255);DA-9601(WO 98/04541及US 6,025,387);阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab);干擾素(interferon)(例如IFN-a、IFN-b等);介白素(interleukin),特定為IL-2或阿地白介素(aldesleukin)以及IL-1、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12及其具有大於70%原生人類序列之胺基酸序列的活性生物學變異體;六甲蜜胺(altretamine)(Hexalen®);SU 101或來氟米特(leflunomide)(WO 04/06834及US 6,331,555);咪唑并喹啉,諸如雷西莫特(resiquimod)及咪喹莫特(imiquimod)(US 4,689,338、5,389,640、5,268,376、4,929,624、5,266,575、5,352,784、5,494,916、5,482,936、5,346,905、5,395,937、5,238,944及5,525,612);及SMIP,包括苯并唑(benzazole)、蒽醌(anthraquinone)、硫半卡(thiosemicarbazone)及色胺酮(tryptanthrin)(WO 04/87153、WO 04/64759及WO 04/60308)。
I.癌症疫苗:與本發明化合物結合使用之抗癌疫苗包括Avicine®(Tetrahedron Lett.26:2269-70(1974));奧戈伏單抗(oregovomab)(OvaRex®);Theratope®(STn-KLH);黑素瘤疫苗;GI-4000系列(GI-4014、GI-4015及GI-4016),其針對Ras蛋白質中之5種突變;GlioVax-1;MelaVax;Advexin®或INGN-201(WO 95/12660);Sig/E7/LAMP-1,編碼HPV-16 E7;MAGE-3疫苗或M3TK(WO 94/05304);
HER-2VAX;ACTIVE,其刺激對腫瘤具有特異性之T細胞;GM-CSF癌症疫苗;及基於單核球增多性李氏菌之疫苗(Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine)。
J.反義療法:與本發明化合物結合使用之抗癌劑亦包括反義組合物,諸如AEG-35156(GEM-640);AP-12009及AP-11014(TGF-β2-特異性反義寡核苷酸);AVI-4126;AVI-4557;AVI-4472;奧利默森(oblimersen)(Genasense®);JFS2;阿普卡生(aprinocarsen)(WO 97/29780);GTI-2040(R2核糖核苷酸還原酶mRNA反義寡聚物)(WO 98/05769);GTI-2501(WO 98/05769);脂質體囊封之c-Raf反義寡聚去氧核苷酸(LErafAON)(WO 98/43095);及Sirna-027(靶向VEGFR-1 mRNA之基於RNAi之治療劑)。
本發明化合物亦可與支氣管擴張原料藥或抗組織胺原料藥組合為醫藥組合物。該等支氣管擴張藥包括抗膽鹼激導性藥劑或抗毒蕈鹼劑,尤其為異丙托溴銨(ipratropium bromide)、氧托溴銨(oxitropium bromide)及噻托溴銨(tiotropium bromide),及β-2-腎上腺素受體促效劑,諸如沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、特布他林(terbutaline)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)、卡莫特羅(carmoterol)、米維特羅(milveterol)且尤其為福莫特羅(formoterol)或茚達特羅(indacaterol)。共治療性抗組織胺原料藥包括鹽酸西替利嗪(cetirizine hydrochloride)、反丁烯二酸氯馬斯汀(clemastine fumarate)、異丙嗪(promethazine)、氯雷他定(loratadine)、地洛他定苯海拉明(desloratadine diphenhydramine)及鹽酸非索非那定
(fexofenadine hydrochloride)。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及一或多種適用於治療血栓溶解疾病、心臟病、中風等之化合物的組合。該等化合物包括阿斯匹林(aspirin)、鏈激酶(streptokinase)、組織纖維蛋白溶酶原活化因子、尿激酶(urokinase)、抗凝血劑、抗血小板藥物(例如PLAVIX;硫酸氫氯吡格雷(clopidogrel bisulfate))、士他汀(statin)(例如LIPITOR或阿托伐他汀鈣(Atorvastatin calcium))、ZOCOR(辛伐他汀(Simvastatin))、CRESTOR(羅素他汀(Rosuvastatin)等)、β阻斷劑(例如阿替洛爾(Atenolol))、NORVASC(苯磺酸胺氯地平(amlodipine besylate))及ACE抑制劑(例如賴諾普利(lisinopril))。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及一或多種適用於抗高血壓治療之化合物的組合。該等化合物包括ACE抑制劑、降脂劑(諸如士他汀)、LIPITOR(阿托伐他汀鈣)、鈣離子通道阻斷劑(諸如NORVASC(苯磺酸胺氯地平))。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及一或多種選自由纖維酸酯、β-阻斷劑、NEPI抑制劑、血管收縮素-2受體拮抗劑及血小板凝集抑制劑組成之群之化合物的組合。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及適用於治療發炎性疾病(包括類風濕性關節炎)之化合物的組合。該等化合物可選自由以下組成之群:TNF-α抑制劑,諸如
抗-TNF-α單株抗體(諸如REMICADE、CDP-870)及D2E7(HUMIRA)以及TNF受體免疫球蛋白融合分子(諸如ENBREL)、IL-1抑制劑、受體拮抗劑或可溶性IL-1Rα(例如KINERET或ICE抑制劑)、非類固醇消炎劑(NSAIDS)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac)、萘普生(naproxen)、氟吡洛芬(flurbiprofen)、非諾洛芬(fenoprofen)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、芬那酯(fenamate)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、舒林酸(sulindac)、阿紮丙宗(apazone)、二氫吡唑酮(pyrazolone)、苯基丁氮酮(phenylbutazone)、阿斯匹林(aspirin)、COX-2抑制劑(諸如CELEBREX(塞內昔布(celecoxib))、PREXIGE(羅美昔布(lumiracoxib)))、金屬蛋白酶抑制劑(較佳為MMP-13選擇性抑制劑)、p2x7抑制劑、α2α抑制劑、NEUROTIN、普瑞巴林(pregabalin)、低劑量甲胺喋呤(low dose methotrexate)、來氟米特、羥基氯喹、d-青黴胺(d-penicillamine)、金諾芬(auranofin)或非經腸或口服金。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及適用於治療骨關節炎之化合物的組合。該等化合物可選自由以下組成之群:標準非類固醇消炎劑(下文中稱為NSAID),諸如吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、雙氯芬酸、丙酸(諸如萘普生、氟吡洛芬、非諾洛芬、酮洛芬及布洛芬)、芬那酯(諸如甲芬那酸、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、阿紮丙宗)、二氫吡唑酮(諸如苯基丁氮酮)、水楊酸酯(諸如阿斯匹林)、COX-2抑制劑
(諸如塞內昔布、伐地昔布(valdecoxib)、羅美昔布及依託昔布(etoricoxib))、鎮痛藥及關節內療法,諸如皮質類固醇及玻尿酸(hyaluronic acid)(諸如膝爾康(hyalgan)及欣維可(synvisc))。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及抗病毒劑及/或抗敗血症化合物的組合。該抗病毒劑可選自由維拉塞特(Viracept)、AZT、阿昔洛韋(acyclovir)及泛昔洛韋(famciclovir)組成之群。該抗敗血症化合物可選自由維蘭特(Valant)組成之群。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及一或多種選自由以下組成之群之藥劑的組合:CNS劑,諸如抗抑鬱劑(舍曲林(sertraline))、抗震顫麻痹藥(anti-Parkinsonian drug)(諸如司立吉林(deprenyl)、左旋多巴(L-dopa)、力必平(Requip)、米拉帕(Mirapex);MAOB抑制劑(諸如司來吉蘭(selegine)及雷沙吉蘭(rasagiline));comP抑制劑(諸如答是美(Tasmar));A-2抑制劑;多巴胺再吸收抑制劑;NMDA拮抗劑;菸鹼促效劑;多巴胺促效劑;及神經元氧化氮合成酶抑制劑)。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及一或多種抗阿茲海默症藥物的組合。該等抗阿茲海默症藥物可選自由多奈哌齊(donepezil)、他可林(tacrine)、α2δ抑制劑、NEUROTIN、普瑞巴林、COX-2抑制劑、丙戊茶鹼(propentofylline)或美曲膦酯(metryfonate)組成之群。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物及骨質疏
鬆藥劑及/或免疫抑制劑的組合。該等骨質疏鬆症藥劑可選自由EVISTA(鹽酸雷洛昔芬)、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、拉索昔芬(lasofoxifene)或福善美(fosomax)組成之群。該等免疫抑制劑可選自由FK-506及雷帕黴素組成之群。
在較佳實施例之另一態樣中,提供包括一或多種本發明化合物及本文中揭示之組合搭配物之套組。代表性套組包括PI3K抑制劑化合物(例如本發明化合物)及藥品說明書或其他標記,包括關於藉由投與PI3K抑制量之化合物來治療細胞增殖性疾病之說明。
包含呈游離形式或醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式之本發明化合物且此外包含組合搭配物及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑及/或稀釋劑的組合醫藥組合物(呈一個單位劑型或分裝部分之套組形式)可以習知方式藉由混合醫藥學上可接受之載劑及/或稀釋劑與該等活性成分來製備。
因此,在其他態樣中,本發明提供:
■一種組合,例如用於本文中所描述之任一種方法中,其包含治療有效量之本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及另一治療劑,用於同時或依序投與。
■一種產品,其包含本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及另一治療劑。
■一種產品,其包含本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及另一治療劑作為組合製劑,其係用於療法中,例如用於本文中所描述之任一種療法中。在一個實施例中,療法為治療或預防癌症或神經退化性
病症。在另一實施例中,療法為治療或預防帕金森氏病、亨庭頓氏病或阿茲海默症。在又一個實施例中,療法為治療或預防亨庭頓氏病。
■一種組合醫藥組合物,其包含本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及另一治療劑。
■一種組合醫藥組合物,其包含本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、另一治療劑及視情況選用之一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑物質及/或稀釋劑。該組合醫藥組合物可呈一個單位劑型或分裝部分之套組形式。
■如上文所定義之方法,其包含共同投與(例如同時或依序)治療有效量之本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及另一治療劑,例如上文指示之治療劑。
■一種醫藥組合,例如套組,其包含a)第一藥劑,其為如本文中揭示之本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,及b)另一治療劑,例如上文指示之治療劑;藉此該套組可包含其投藥說明書。
本發明化合物之以下實例說明本發明且不限制其範疇。以下描述製備該等化合物之方法。
NMR:除非另有說明,否則用Bruker 400 MHz ultrashield光譜儀記錄質子譜。相對於甲醇(δ 3.31)、二甲亞碸(δ 2.50)或氯仿(δ 7.26)以ppm報導化學位移。將少量乾燥樣品(2-5 mg)溶解於適當氘化溶劑(1 mL)中。自動勻場(shimming)且用64次或64次以上掃描獲得譜圖。
將樣品溶解於合適溶劑(諸如MeCN、DMSO或MeOH)中且使用自動樣品處置器直接注射入管柱中。使用以下方法中之一種進行分析:
方法1:用Inertsil ODS-3管柱(C18,50×4.6 mm,3 μm)以2分鐘梯度溶離(20%-80%乙腈/H2O/5 mM甲酸銨)及4 mL/min流動速率分析化合物。
方法2:通用LC/MS方法,使用酸移動相(0.1%甲酸)及快速梯度。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內20%-80% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil ODS3
C-18,3 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃。
方法3:通用LC/MS方法,使用中性移動相(5 mM NH4 +HCOO-)及快速(20%-80%)梯度。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內20%-80% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil ODS3 C-18,3 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃。
方法4:用於非極性(油脂性)化合物之LC/MS方法,使用酸移動相(0.1%甲酸)及快速(40%-90%)梯度。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內40%-90% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil C8-3,3 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃。
方法5:用於非極性(油脂性)化合物之LC/MS方法,使用中性移動相(5 mM NH4 +HCOO-)及快速(40%-90%)梯度。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內40%-90% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil C8-3,3.0 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃。
方法6:具有寬範圍(5%-95%)梯度之LC/MS,使用酸移動相(0.1%甲酸)。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內5%-95% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil C8-3,3.0 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃。
方法7:具有寬範圍(5%-95%)梯度之LC/MS,使用中性移動相(5 mM NH4 +HCOO-)。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV
層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內5%-95% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil C8-3,3 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃。
方法8:用於極性化合物之LC/MS方法,使用酸移動相(0.1%甲酸)及緩慢(0-100%)梯度。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內0%-100% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil ODS3(C-18,3 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃)。
方法9:用於極性化合物之LC/MS方法,使用中性移動相(5 mM NH4 +HCOO-)及緩慢(0%-100%)梯度。電噴質譜(+)及(-),DAD-UV層析圖200-400 nm,掃描範圍120-1500 Da。梯度:2分鐘內0%-100% MeCN/H2O(2 mL/min),2 μL注射。管柱:Inertsil ODS-3(C-18,3 cm×33 mm×3.0 μm,40℃)。
方法10:用Inertsil ODS-3管柱(C8,30 mm×3.0 mm,3.0 μm)以2分鐘梯度溶離(5%-90%乙腈/H2O/5 mM甲酸銨)及2 mL/min流動速率分析化合物。
方法11:用Inertsil ODS-3管柱(C8,30 mm×3.0 mm,3.0 μm)以2分鐘梯度溶離(5%-90%乙腈/H2O/0.1%甲酸)及2 mL/min流動速率分析化合物。
HPLC純化利用C8或C18管柱(30×100 mm,5 μm,商品名:Sunfire或XTerra)。將樣品溶解於諸如MeCN、DMSO或MeOH之合適溶劑(最大5 mL)中且使用自動樣品處置器直接注射入管柱中。使用兩種方法以適當梯度進行純化
(除非另有說明)。方法1由含0.1% TFA之5%-95% ACN/H2O組成。方法2由含10 mM NH4OH之5%-95% ACN/H2O組成。
用於製備本發明化合物之酸酯中間物可自市場購得或可如文獻中所描述或以類似方式製備,或可如下文中所描述或以類似方式製備。
向4-溴-7-氮雜吲哚(0.48 g,2.41 mmol)於二噁烷(12 mL)中之溶液中相繼添加雙(頻哪醇根基)二硼及雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵(0.067 g,0.12 mmol)。混合物用氮氣脫氣20分鐘,接著添加PdCl2(dppf)催化劑(0.088 g,0.12 mmol)。懸浮液再脫氣5分鐘。密封小瓶且置放於油浴中。加熱反應物至120℃保持16小時。完成後,使反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度,過濾懸浮液且在減壓下移除溶劑。粗物質在Biotage上使用0-100% EtOAC/庚烷梯度直接純化。使用製備型HPLC(梯度5%-95%,含3%正丙醇/乙腈相對於3%正丙醇/水)進一步純化得到白色固體(0.054 g,9.2%),使用方法7進行LC/MS分析,質譜(ES+)m/z 245.4。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 9.03(1H,brs),8.24(1H,d),7.42(1H,d),7.30(1H,d),6.86(1H,d),1.31(12H,s)。
使用流程3中描述之通用程序合成酸酯。分離得呈黃色油狀之化合物,產率77%。1H NMR(CD3OD):δ 7.76(1H,s),7.67(1H,d),6.90(1H,d),4.62(2H,s),3.83(3H,s),1.32(12H,s)。
使用流程3中描述之通用程序合成酸酯。分離得呈褐色固體狀之化合物,產率27%。1HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ 7.24(1H,s),7.01(1H,s),6.99(1H,s),5.18(1H,m),4.47(2H,d),3.75(3H,s),1.29(12H,s)。
向3-溴苯甲胺(0.79 g,4.24 mmol)、二碳酸二-第三丁酯(1.82 g,8.5 mmol,2.0當量)於10 mL CH2Cl2中之溶液中添加三乙胺(1.29 g,12.7 mmol,3.0當量)。攪拌2小時後,停止反應且溶液用水洗滌。水層用CH2Cl2萃取。合併有機層且經MgSO4乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑後,使用急驟管柱層析(Biotage,0-60% EtOAc/庚烷梯度)純化粗物質。接著使用流程3中描述之通用偶合程序合成所需酸酯。分離得呈褐色固體狀之化合物,產率59%。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ 7.61-7.62(2H,m),7.27-7.31(1H,m),7.24(1H,t),4.85(1H,brs),4.72(2 H,brs),1.37(9H,s),1.25(12 H,s)。
經注射器向2,6-二氯-9H-嘌呤(1.2 g,6.35 mmol)於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(5 mL)中之溶液中相繼逐滴添加嗎啉(553 mg,6.35 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(1.2 mL,6.87 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌溶液1小時直至形成沈澱。接著將反應混合物傾入水中且過濾沈澱。在高真空下乾燥後,分離得呈灰白色固體狀之2-氯-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤(1.5 g,99%),LC/MS分析方法7,質譜(ES+)m/z 240.2。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):13.21(1H,brs),8.15(1H,s),4.18(4H,brs),3.72(4H,t)。
2-氯-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤(1.5 g,6.26 mmol)於DMA(5 mL)中之溶液中相繼添加順-2,6-二甲基嗎啉(1.42 g,12.52 mmol)及DIPEA(2.1 mL,12.02 mmol)。在130℃下攪拌混合物40小時。反應完成後,將溶液傾入水中。水層用EtOAc萃取3次。合併之有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且在
減壓下移除溶劑得到呈黃色固體狀之2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤(1.96 g,98%)。LC/MS分析方法7,質譜(ES+)m/z 319.2。1HNMR(DMSO-d6):12.37(1H,s),7.76(1H,s),4.38(2H,d),4.12(4H,brs),3.69(4H,m),3.54(2H,m),2.40(2H,m),1.14(6H,d)。
向2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤(860 mg,2.70 mmol)於CH2Cl2(5 mL)中之溶液中添加溴(0.04 mL,3.24 mmol)。在環境溫度下攪拌混合物3小時。添加飽和硫代硫酸鈉。水層用二氯甲烷萃取兩次。合併有機層且經Na2SO4乾燥且在減壓下移除溶劑。藉由急驟管柱層析(0-70% EtOAc/庚烷梯度)純化粗物質得到呈灰白色固體狀之產物(362.1 mg,34%)。使用方法7進行LC/MS分析,質譜(ES+)m/z 399.1。1HNMR(CDCl3):4.31(2H,d),4.09(4H,brs),3.74(4H,m),3.59(2H,m),2.51(2H,m),1.18(6H,d)。
向圓底燒瓶中相繼添加8-溴-2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤(38.2 mg,0.096 mmol)、氟化銫(58.4 mg,0.39 mmol)、3-羥苯基酸(39.8 mg,0.29 mmol)及肆(三苯基膦)鈀(8.9 mg,7.69 mmol)以及1 mL乙
腈/水溶劑混合物(10/1比率)。加熱懸浮液至115℃且攪拌隔夜。反應完成後,冷卻懸浮液且濾出固體。在減壓下移除溶劑且藉由製備型HPLC直接純化粗物質得到呈黃色固體狀之3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-酚(18.5 mg,47%)。LC/MS分析方法7,質譜(ES+)m/z 411.2,滯留時間1.40 min。1HNMR(CDCl3):7.34(1H,d),7.24(2H,m),6.87(1H,d),4.35(2H,d),4.30(4H,brs),3.80(4H,m),3.57(2H,m),2.53(2H,t),1.16(6H,d)。
在20 mL小瓶中,將2,4-二氯-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶(0.19 g,1.011 mmol,1.0當量)溶解於NMP(2 mL)中。接著添加二異丙基乙胺(0.392 g,0.514 mL,3.03 mmol,3.0當量)及嗎啉(0.264 g,0.264 mL,3.03 mmol,3.0當量)。接著將反應混合物轉移至5 mL微波容器中且在200℃下加熱30分鐘。接著使反應物冷卻至室溫且用35 mL乙酸乙酯稀釋。接著有機相用飽和氯化銨溶液(2×30 mL)洗滌。接
著有機層用MgSO4乾燥,過濾且在減壓下移除得到褐色油狀物。接著使用急驟層析使用20%至100% EtOAc/庚烷梯度純化油狀物。分離得呈白色固體狀之化合物(239.1 mg,產率82%)。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ 9.67(1H,brs),6.74(1H,m),6.29(1H,d),3.82(8H,dt),3.72(8 H,m)。
2,4-二-嗎啉-4-基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶(180 mg,0.622 mmol,1.0當量)於25 mL DMF中之溶液在氮氣氛圍下用冰浴冷卻至0℃。接著添加含氫化鈉之油(60重量%,34.8 mg,0.871 mmol,1.4當量)且在0℃攪拌反應物1小時。向反應混合物中添加2-((氯甲氧基)乙基)三甲基矽烷(154 μL,145 mg,0.871 mmol,1.4當量)且使反應物溫至室溫隔夜。反應物藉由添加5 mL H2O淬滅,接著倒入30 mL EtOAc中。接著有機相用飽和氯化銨水溶液(2×25 mL)洗2次。接著有機層用MgSO4乾燥,過濾且在減壓下移除,得到深褐色油狀物。藉由急驟層析使用0%至70% EtOAc/庚烷梯度純化油狀物。分離呈白色固體之產物(205 mg,產率79%)。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ 6.91(1H,d),6.46(1H,d),5.55(2H,s),3.94(8H,dt),3.82(8H,brs),3.57(2H,t),0.95(2H,t),0.00(9H,s)。
向具有隔膜之20 mL小瓶中添加4-二-嗎啉-4-基-7-(2-三
甲基矽烷基-乙氧基甲基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶(40 mg,0.095 mmol,1當量)、乙酸鈀(II)(2.15 mg,0.0095 mmol,0.1當量)、乙酸銅(II)(3.5 mg,0.019 mmol,0.2當量)及3-羥苯基酸(26.3 mg,0.191 mmol,2當量),接著乙酸(5 mL)。接著在室溫在1 atm空氣下攪拌反應物15小時。使反應物冷卻至0℃且緩慢添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液以淬滅酸。接著反應物用乙酸乙酯(40 mL)稀釋且用飽和碳酸氫鹽水溶液(2×20 mL)洗。接著在減壓下移除有機層。使用逆相製備型HPLC系統(5%至100% H2O/MeCN梯度,以含0.1% TFA之水作為修飾劑)直接純化粗產物。在凍乾含有所欲產物之溶離份時,獲得總共34.6 mg C2及C3芳化產物。較早獲得之溶離份含有所欲C2芳化產物(8.1 mg,產率16.9%)。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ 7.24(1H,brs),7.21(1H,brs),6.82(1H,d),6.44(1H,s),5.50(2H,s),3.87(4H,m),3.83(4H,m),3.79(11H,m),0.98(2H,t),0.00(9H,s)。
向圓底燒瓶中相繼添加3-[2,4-二-嗎啉-4-基-7-(2-三甲基矽烷基-乙氧基甲基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-基]-酚(8.1 mg,0.016 mmol)及氟化銫(72.4 mg,0.477 mmol,30當量)以及丙酮(6 mL)。在40℃下加熱反應物6小時。接著藉由添加飽和氯化銨水溶液(10 mL)淬滅反應物。在減壓下移除丙酮且水相用DCM(3×15 mL)萃取。在減壓下移除合併之有機相且使用逆相製備型HPLC(5%至70% H2O/MeCN,具有含正丙醇之水作為改質劑)直接純化粗產
物得到呈白色固體狀之所需產物(4.1 mg,產率67.8%)。LC/MS分析方法7,質譜(ES+)m/z 382.4,滯留時間1.05 min。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ 10.15(1H,brs),7.15(1H,t),7.02(1H,d),6.67(1H,brs),6.65(2H,m),6.52(1H,s),3.82 ppm(8H,dt),3.64(8H,m)。
以下表2中之實例3至38可使用與實例1及2中所描述類似之程序使用適當酸或酸酯中間物製備。
Claims (15)
- 一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,
其中X表示N或CH;R1表示 其中R18及R22獨立地表示氫、鹵素、羥基或羥基-C1-3烷基-;R19及R21獨立地表示氫、胺基、羥基、羧基、C1-3烷氧基、胺基-C1-3烷基-、C1-3烷基-C(=O)-NH-、C1-3烷基-S(=O)m-NH-或羥基-C1-3烷基-;m表示0、1或2;R20表示氫、鹵素或C1-3烷氧基;或R1選自由以下組成之群: 其中R23表示氫或甲基;R24表示氫、側氧基(oxo)或C1-3烷基;R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16及R17獨立地表示氫或甲基;或R2與R8一起形成伸乙基橋;或R2與R6一起形成亞甲基橋;或R12與R14一起形成伸乙基橋;及Y表示O、CHR25或CR26R27其中R25表示羥基或C1-3烷氧基;及R26及R27獨立地表示氫或鹵素;限制條件為該式(I)化合物不為2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-苯基-9H-嘌呤。 - 一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,
其中X表示N或CH;R1表示 其中R18及R22獨立地表示氫、鹵素、羥基或羥基-C1-3烷基-;R19及R21獨立地表示氫、胺基、羥基、羧基、C1-3烷氧基、胺基-C1-3烷基-、C1-3烷基-C(=O)-NH-、C1-3烷基-S(=O)m-NH-或羥基-C1-3烷基-;m表示0、1或2;R20表示氫、鹵素或C1-3烷氧基;或R1選自由以下組成之群: 其中R23表示氫或甲基;R24表示氫、側氧基或C1-3烷基;R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16及R17獨立地表示氫或甲基;或R5與R6一起形成伸乙基橋;及Y表示O、CHR25或CR26R27其中R25表示羥基或C1-3烷氧基;及R26及R27獨立地表示氫或鹵素;限制條件為該式(I)化合物不為2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-苯基-9H-嘌呤。 - 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中X表示N。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中X表示CH。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中 R1表示
其中R18及R22獨立地表示氫、鹵素、羥基或羥基-C1-3烷基-;R19及R21獨立地表示氫、胺基、羥基、羧基、C1-3烷氧基、胺基-C1-3烷基-、C1-3烷基-C(=O)-NH-、C1-3烷基-S(=O)m-NH-或羥基-C1-3烷基-;m表示0、1或2;及R20表示氫、鹵素或C1-3烷氧基。 - 如請求項5之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R18、R19、R20、R21及R22中之至少一者不為氫。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R1選自由以下組成之群:
其中 R23表示氫或甲基;及R24表示氫、側氧基或C1-3烷基。 - 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中Y表示O。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中Y表示CHR26或CR27R28。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其選自:3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-酚;3-(2,4-二(N-嗎啉基)(morpholino)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-基)酚;2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{2-氟-5-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;2-(4,4-二氟-哌啶-1-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;5-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-1,3-二氫-苯并咪唑-2-酮;{5-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-2-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;2-甲氧基-5-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基- 9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯甲酸;{4-氯-3-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯甲胺;1-{3-[6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-乙醇;2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-8-(1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-6-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;1-[8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-哌啶-4-醇;{3-[2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-5-甲氧基-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;{3-[2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-4-氟-苯基}-甲醇;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤; 8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(4-甲氧基-哌啶-1-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-乙醯胺;8-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;3-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯胺;N-[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲烷磺醯胺;{2-[2-((2S,6R)-2,6-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基]-苯基}-甲醇;[2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇;3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;[3-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-苯基]-甲醇; 2-(2,6-二-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-酚;6-(3,3-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;6-(3,3-二甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(2,3-二氫-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(2,3-二氫-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2,6-雙-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(1S,4S)-2-氧雜-5-氮雜-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-6-嗎啉-4-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(1S,4S)-2-氧雜-5-氮 雜-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-基-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-6-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-(8-氧雜-3-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(3-氧雜-8-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-9H-嘌呤;8-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-嗎啉-4-基-6-(3-氧雜-8-氮雜-雙環[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-9H-嘌呤;6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-4-((R)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-2-((S)-3-甲基-嗎啉-4-基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶;6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-2,4-二-嗎啉-4-基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶;及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其係用作藥劑。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療或預防癌症或神經退化性病症。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至10中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑、稀釋劑或載劑。
- 一種如請求項1至10中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之用途,其係用於製造用以治療或預防癌症或神經退化性病症之藥劑。
- 一種組合,其包含治療有效量之如請求項1至10中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及第二藥物,用於同時或依序投與。
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