201238272 六、發明說明： 【明戶斤冬好名貝3 發明領域 本發明涉及通信領域，尤其涉及一種移動射頻裝置、 射頻1C卡及射頻存儲卡。 【冬奸3 發明背景 隨著移動終端的普及，利用移動終端進行移動終端支 付的應用需求非常迫切，目前已經有多種實現方案，但各 有缺點。當前，已經出現了在移動終端中的使用者識別模 組SIM(Subscriber Identity Module)卡上增加射頻功能（稱為 射頻SIM卡）或者在移動終端主機板上增加近距離通信模組 來實現移動終端近距離通信的方法，後者稱為NFC(Near Field Communication，近場通信），這些方法的出現使得移 動終端成為一個可以充值、消費、交易及身份認證的超級 冬慧終端機’極大地滿足了市場的迫切需求。 其中’基於射頻SIM卡的移動終端近距離解決方案以其 簡單、無需更改移動終端等優勢得到廣泛的關注，在該方 案中’射頻SIM卡採用UHF(Ultra High Frequency，超高頻) 技術，由於UHF特別是採用2.4GHz ISM公共頻段（即工業， 科學和醫用頻段）的射頻SIM卡，其工作頻率很高，天線的 尺寸很小，在SIM卡内放置小型的天線就能發射足夠強度的 k 5虎’即使射頻SIM卡嵌入在移動終端内部射頻信號仍然可 以從移動終端中透射出來，在讀卡器令採用業界主流的 201238272 RF(Radi〇 Frequency，射頻）收發晶片即可無需額外放大玎 靠接收到絕大多數移動終端的射頻信號，從而實現不必對 現有的移動終端進行任何結構改變就可使移動終端具備近 距離通信功能。但是，不同移動終端由於内部結構不同造成 射頻信號透射效果存在很大的差異，透射強的移動終端其射 頻SIM卡射頻通信距離可能達到幾米遠的距離，透射弱的移 動終端其射頻SIM卡通信距離只可以達到幾釐米。射頻SIM 卡為了避免不同移動終端對RF信號衰減的巨大差異，必須 對移動終端進行校準，也就是在使用前必須將移動終端的 衰減參數記錄到卡中。需要校準是射頻SIM卡的主要問題。 另外一種移動支付的技術NFC基於IS014443標準的非 接觸卡技術演化而來’兩者根本點在於都採用13 56Mhz的 磁場傳送信號和能量。NFC技術的主要問題有： 1.必須改造移動終端才能實現可靠的雙向資料通訊， NFC的磁場線圈不能集成到SIM卡或SD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card，安全數位存儲卡)/TF(TransFLash，快閃記憶 體)卡等移動終端用的卡内。 在13·56ΜΗζ頻點T，讀卡器和卡之間採用電感線圈輕 合的方式交互信號及傳送能量，讀卡器到卡的方向需要同 時傳遞能量和13.56ΜΗΖ調幅信?虎，對卡上接收線圈的尺寸 面積均有較高要求；卡到讀卡器的方向，卡依#短路和開 路卡上線_貞侧製方式Μ是依#外部能量直接發送 場強的方式向讀卡II傳遞資訊，由於負載調製信號要求卡 線圈和讀卡H線圈的_合係、數越高越利於讀卡器解碼卡傳 4 201238272 =的貝π這種方式進_步提高了對卡上天線尺寸和面積 的要求。另外—方面，由於i3 56MHz頻點較低耦合線圈 的尺寸相對較大。綜合上賴素，NFC要求移動終端内的 天線線圈足夠A，該尺寸大小完全不能放人SIM卡或SD/TF 卡等移動終端用的卡内，不但如此，移動終端上的金屬及 其它導電物體會嚴重干擾天線的接收和負載調製效果，為 達到近昜if A良好的通訊效果’必須對手機進行定制化 的改k，使天線的效果達到最佳。改造點例如，將卡的多 E天線放到移動終端的電池後蓋上，或者通過柔性PCB從 終端主機板上將天線引到電池背面，天__和普通電 池尺寸相當’料，手機的後蓋*能為金屬材質。 2.NFC所使用的13.56廳2頻點需要校準才能用於距離 控制。 即使有種1^!5^的天線能夠更換到任何移動終端中， 由於其使用13,56MHz頻點，該頻點信號在遇到金屬和其它 導t物體會形成強烈的誠效應，信號強度會隨著移動終 端結構而變化’從而在NFC卡接收天線上形成場強的巨大 波動，無法進行無校準的距離控制。 第1圖為線圈接收電路放入各種移動終端内，在同— 14443 POS機上保持i3.56MHz載波惶定的情況下測試的電 壓距離曲線#+彳§號強度值是接收天線感應電壓經過必 要的放大後的值，放大倍數保持恒定，只需關注強度隨距 離的相對變化。可以看出’不同終端接收到的場強差異 >30dB ,同一終端從lc„^,jl〇cm的場強變化為25dB左右， 201238272 手機差異造成的場強變化已經超過終端在丨cm到丨〇cm距離 控制範圍内的場強變化，因此無法採用同—門限對各終端 進行距離控制，也就是無法實現無校準距離控制。 c發明内容3 發明概要 本發明所要解決的技術問題是提供一種移動射頻裝 置，使得設置有該移動射頻裝置的移動終端能夠實現電子 支付等刷卡交易。 為解決上述技術問題’本發明提出了—種移動射頻裝 置，包括至少一個低頻磁感應電路、至少一個低頻放大電 路、至少一個門限判斷及解調電路、至少一個第二主處理 器、至少一個射頻收發電路和至少一個射頻天線，所述低 頻磁感應電路、低頻放大電路、門限判斷及解調電路、第 二主處理器、射頻收發電路、射頻天線順次串聯連接；其 中，所述低頻磁感應電路、低頻放大電路、門限判斷及解 調電路組成的低頻接收鏈路工作於預先選定的系統無校準 工作的最高頻率f〇以下的頻率。 進一步地’上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述低頻磁感應電路為線圈，低頻磁感應電路轉換增益與低 頻放大電路的放大倍數的乘積為與移動射頻裴置所在移動 終端所應用的系統最遠刷卡距離對應的系統預設值，所述 低頻接收鏈路的體積取決於所述低頻磁感應電路轉換增益 及低頻放大電路的放大倍數，低頻接收鏈路的體積隨低頻 磁感應電路轉換增益的增大而增大，或者隨低頻放大電路 6 201238272 放大倍數的減少而增大。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述系統無校準工作的最高頻率f〇處於特低頻頻段或甚低頻 頻段或低頻頻段，所述特低頻頻段的頻率範圍為30() Hz〜 3000Hz ’所述甚低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3KHz〜3〇KHz，所 述低頻頻段的頻率範圍為30 KHz〜3OOKHz。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述系統無校準工作的最高頻率f0所處的頻率範圍為300Hz 〜50ΚΗζ。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述系統無校準工作的最高頻率仞為5〇〇Hz、1KHz、i 5KHz、 2KHz、2·5ΚΗζ、3KHz、4KHz、5KHz、ΙΟΚΗζ、20KHz或 30KHz。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述門限判斷及解調電路由相互連接的比較電路和解碼電路 組成。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述門限判斷及_電路由順次㈣的比較電路、解調電路 和解碼電路組成。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述低頻磁感應電路為PCB線圈、漆包線線圈、霍爾器件或 巨磁阻器件。 進一步地’上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述移動射頻裝置置於移動終端中。 201238272 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述移動射頻裝置置於移祕如的SIM卡、丽卡、usiM 卡、TF卡、SD卡或MMC卡中。 進步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述第二主處理器與SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC卡中的處 理器為同一共用處理器。 進一步地，上述移動射頻裝置還可具有以下特點，所 述移動終端為手機、個人數位助理PDA或筆記型電腦。 為解決上述技術問題，本發明還提出了一種射頻工匸 卡，包括上述任一項所述的移動射頻裝置。 為解決上述技術問題，本發明還提出了 一種射頻存儲 卡’包括上述任一項所述的移動射頻裝置。 為解決上述技術問題’本發明還提出了 一種確定上述 各項移動射頻裝置中系統無校準工作的最高頻率f〇的方 法，包括如下步驟： 步驟al ’確定系統的距離控制目標(Din，Dv)，所述系 統中包含至少一個移動射頻裝置和至少一個讀卡器，其中 Din表示距離為〇〜Din的範圍内所有裝載有所述移動射頻 裝置的終端確保可刷卡，Dv表示距離波動範圍，距離為Din 〜(Din+Dv)的範圍内均允許刷卡，距離大於Din+Dv的範圍 不允許刷卡； 步驟a2，確定讀卡器導致的移動射頻裝置内檢測電壓 的波動範圍δκ ; 步驟a3，確定移動射頻裝置本身導致的檢測電壓的波 201238272 動範圍; γ驟a4，在f頻率下測試各典型終端及障礙物的電壓距 離曲線，所述f頻率為處於特低頻頻段或甚低頻頻段或低頻 頻&中的任一頻率，所述特低頻頻段的頻率範圍為 〜3000Hz，所述甚低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3ΚΗζ〜3〇κΗζ， 所述低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3〇 KHz〜3〇〇KHz ; 步驟a5 ’由距離控制目標(Din，Dv)確定移動射頻裝置 内檢測電壓的波動範队，Sa等於由各典型終端及障礙物 的電壓距離曲線㈣的具有平均場強衰減曲線斜率的電壓 距離曲線上Din點所對應的電壓值與(Din+Dv)點所對廉的 電壓值之差； 步驟的，確定由終端導致的移動射縣置内檢測電壓 的波純圍δτ，δτ表示終端錢特性造成的移動射頻裝置内 檢測電壓波動範圍，5T=5AeR*^e ; =a7，計算各典型終端及障礙物間在轉控制範圍 内各距離點上的最大場強差糾，糾大峰，則降低頻率卜 轉步驟a4;糾於St，職高頻·，轉步驟等於卜 則當前測試頻率f等於系統無校準卫作的最高頻_。τ 1為解決上述技術問題，本發明還提出了—種低頻交變 = = =:法’應用於包括前述任一項所述的移動射 頻裝置的移動終端，財法包括如下步驟： 步驟^對接收到的低頻交變磁場信號Br進行磁電轉 換’將低頻㈣磁場信號賴為電信號％，托為巾 定的低頻交變磁場信號’則磁電轉換公式為V〇=二. 201238272 若Br為微分幅度恆定的低頻交變磁場信號，則磁電轉換公 式為Vo=A*K*dBr/dt，其中K為低頻磁感應電路增益，A低 頻放大電路増益，A*K為磁電轉換增益’該增益預先設定; 步驟b，若低頻交變磁場信號轉換的電信號V 〇大於預設 的比較電壓信號門限Vt，則解碼出讀卡器的身份識別標識 IDr，進入射頻通訊，通過射頻通道將IDr連同移動射頻裝 置本身的唯一識別碼IDc—同傳送給讀卡器，同時持續監控 低頻交變磁場信號； 步驟c，進行射頻通訊，將射頻通訊資料拆分為多個資 料包分次收發，每次射頻收包或發包都檢查乂〇是否大於 Vt，若是則繼續射頻通訊直至交易結束，否則結束本次交 易的射頻通訊，返回步驟a。 進一步地，上述低頻交變磁場距離控制方法還可具有 以下特點，所述步驟a中磁電轉換增益的確定方法如下： 步驟a卜確定磁感應㉟益K，選定移動射頻裝置所在載 體上的低頻磁感應電路，從而選定了磁感應增益κ ; 步驟a2 ’在下述原則下任意選定低頻放大電路的增益a : 1) 移動射頻裝置在任意位置處接收到的磁感應強度 Br小於系統安全規範要求的值； 2) 移動射頻裝置放置於系統指定的__種或多種載體 中’並在线要求⑽_制目標最遠可接收距離處，磁 感應彳s號經過磁電轉換後的信號信噪比大MSNR ; 3) 若磁感應電路為霍爾器件或巨磁阻器件：Α*κ = Vt/Bgate ’其中Bgate為磁感應強度門限；若磁感應電路為 10 201238272 線圈：Α*Κ = Vt/B_RATEgate，其中B_RATEgate為磁感應 強度變化率的門限值，磁感應強度變化率B_RATE=dBr/dt。 進一步地，上述低頻交變磁場距離控制方法還可具有 以下特點，所述步驟a2中信噪比SNR大於5。 進一步地，上述低頻交變磁場距離控制方法還可具有 以下特點’所述低頻磁感應電路為線圈，所述移動射頻裝 置放置在SIM卡、UIM卡、USIM卡、TF卡、SD卡或MMC 卡中’則所述線圈的匝數為1〜20匝，低頻放大電路的增益 A大於1〇〇。 進一步地’上述低頻交變磁場距離控制方法還可具有 以下特點，所述步驟a中’所述磁電轉換存在誤差，即v〇 存在波動’波動範圍為5c(db) ’誤差Sc(db)的選擇及控制方 法如下： 3c的範圍為2〜6dB ; δ(：的控制方法包括如下步驟： 假設移動射頻裝置所應用的各種移動終端對低頻交變 磁％彳§號的哀減的最大波動範圍為δΤ，則所述誤差控制系 統中標準障礙物的衰減為δΤ/2。 步驟601 :標準讀卡器在固定距離及位置上發射幅度怪 定或微分幅度恆定的低頻交變磁場信號，該系統下幅度值 Bgate或微分幅度值B_RATEgate的磁場經過磁電轉換後的 電壓值為幅度為Vt附近的電壓信號Vo ; 步驟 602 :確定 Vo 範圍（Vt-Scx/2，Vt-Scx/2)，其中 6cx<6c 1 11 201238272 步驟603 :測量移動射頻裝置中低頻放大電路的輸出電 信號Vo，如果Vo超出（Vt-5cx/2, Vt-5cx/2)範圍，則通過軟 體設置調整低頻放大電路的放大倍數A，直到Vo在上述範 圍内； 步驟604 :通過軟體設置移動射頻裝置的Vt值為步驟 603調整A後的輸出電信號Vo。 進一步地，上述低頻交變磁場距離控制方法還可具有 以下特點，所述電壓門限Vt用與該電壓門限Vt對應的電流 門限替代。 本發明的移動射頻裝置，能夠使設置有該移動射頻裝 置的移動終端實現電子支付等刷卡交易。 圖式簡單說明 第1圖為線圈接收電路放入各種移動終端内，在同一 14443 POS機上保持13.56MHz載波恆定的情況下測試的電 壓-距離曲線； 第2圖為本發明近距離通信方法中系統無校準工作的 最高頻率f〇的選擇系統結構框圖； 第3圖為由距離控制目標(Din，Dv)確定系統總的接收檢 測電壓波動範圍δΑ的示意圖； 第4圖為典型終端及障礙物電壓距離曲線及其波動區 間δ示意圖； 第5圖為頻率f為3.3ΚΗζ時5種典型移動終端的電壓距 離曲線； 第6圖為移動射頻裝置内部檢測到的無調製直接基帶 12 201238272 發射時的接收電壓信號和正弦波F S K調製時的接收電壓传 號的電壓波形圖； 第7圖為基準電壓距離曲線的計算方法示意圖； 第8圖為本發明實施例中近距離通信系統的結構圖； 第9圖為讀卡器低頻發射部分示意圖； 第10圖為讀卡器低頻數據框架格式示意圖； 第11圖為線圈接收電路放入各種移動終端内，用信號 源通過低頻發射線圈發射恆定丨ΚΗζ磁場條件下測試的電 壓距離曲線； 第12圖為本發明實施例中射頻IC卡的結構圖； 意圖； 第13圖為應用於SIM卡的4匝pcb銅皮線圈天線結構示 場強、線圈接收電壓波形圖； 第丄4圖為5bit資料〇的差分曼切斯特編碼格式以及 sim卡接收到的 與移動射頻裝 頻裝置的終端 第15圖為lKHz的低頻磁場移動終端内 幅度恆定圖； 第16圖為應驗TF卡的，eb線岐線結構示意圖 第Π圖為誤差控制系統框圖。 I：實施冷式3 較佳實施例之詳細說明 現的終端在預設情況201238272 VI. Description of the invention: [Minghu Jindonghao Mingbei 3] Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a mobile radio frequency device, a radio frequency 1C card, and a radio frequency memory card. [Winter traits 3 invention background With the popularization of mobile terminals, the application requirements for mobile terminal payment using mobile terminals are very urgent. At present, there are various implementation schemes, but each has its own disadvantages. At present, a radio frequency function (called a radio frequency SIM card) is added to a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card in a mobile terminal, or a short-range communication module is added to a mobile terminal motherboard to implement a mobile terminal. The method of short-range communication, the latter is called NFC (Near Field Communication), and the emergence of these methods makes the mobile terminal become a super-winter terminal that can be recharged, consumed, traded and authenticated' greatly satisfied the market. Urgent need. Among them, the short-range solution of mobile terminal based on RF SIM card has received wide attention because of its simplicity and no need to change the mobile terminal. In this scheme, the radio frequency SIM card adopts UHF (Ultra High Frequency) technology. UHF, especially the radio frequency SIM card using the 2.4GHz ISM common frequency band (ie industrial, scientific and medical frequency bands), the operating frequency is very high, the size of the antenna is small, and a small antenna can be placed in the SIM card to transmit sufficient intensity. k 5 Tiger' Even if the RF SIM card is embedded in the mobile terminal, the RF signal can still be transmitted from the mobile terminal. In the reader, the industry mainstream 201238272 RF (Radi〇 Frequency, RF) transceiver chip can be used without additional amplification. The radio frequency signals of most mobile terminals are received, so that the mobile terminal can have the short-range communication function without any structural change to the existing mobile terminal. However, different mobile terminals have great differences in the transmission effect of radio frequency signals due to different internal structures. The radio frequency SIM card radio communication distance of a mobile terminal with strong transmission may reach a distance of several meters, and the radio frequency SIM card communication distance of a mobile terminal with weak transmission. Only a few centimeters can be reached. In order to avoid the huge difference in RF signal attenuation between different mobile terminals, the RF SIM card must be calibrated, that is, the attenuation parameters of the mobile terminal must be recorded into the card before use. The need for calibration is a major issue with RF SIM cards. Another mobile payment technology, NFC, evolved based on the IS014443 standard of contactless card technology. The two fundamental points are that the signal is transmitted using a magnetic field of 13 56 Mhz. The main problems of NFC technology are as follows: 1. The mobile terminal must be modified to achieve reliable two-way data communication. The magnetic field coil of NFC cannot be integrated into SIM card or SD card (Secure Digital Memory Card)/TF (TransFLash, fast). Flash memory) Cards used in mobile terminals such as cards. At 13·56ΜΗζ frequency point T, the card reader and the card use the inductive coil to lightly exchange signals and transmit energy. The direction of the card reader to the card needs to transmit energy and 13.56ΜΗΖ amplitude modulation signal. The size area of the receiving coil has higher requirements; the direction of the card to the card reader, the card short circuit and the open card card line _ 贞 side system Μ is based on # external energy directly send field strength to the card II to transmit information Because the load modulation signal requires the card coil and the card reader H coil to be _, the higher the number, the better the card reader decodes the card transmission 4 201238272 = the shell π this way to increase the size and area of the antenna on the card Requirements. On the other hand, the size of the lower coupling coil is relatively large due to the i3 56MHz frequency point. In general, the NFC requires that the antenna coil in the mobile terminal is sufficient A, and the size cannot be placed in the card for the mobile terminal such as the SIM card or the SD/TF card, and not only the metal and other conductive materials on the mobile terminal. The experience seriously interferes with the receiving and load modulation effects of the antenna. In order to achieve a good communication effect of the near-if A, it is necessary to customize the mobile phone to make the effect of the antenna optimal. For example, the card's multi-E antenna is placed on the battery back cover of the mobile terminal, or the antenna is led from the terminal motherboard to the back of the battery through a flexible PCB. The size of the battery is equivalent to that of the normal battery. The cover* can be made of metal. 2. The 13.56 Hall 2 frequency used by NFC needs to be calibrated for distance control. Even if there is a kind of antenna of 1^!5^ that can be replaced in any mobile terminal, because it uses the frequency of 13,56MHz, the frequency signal will form a strong sincere effect when encountering metal and other conductive objects, and the signal strength will be With the change of the structure of the mobile terminal', a large fluctuation of the field strength is formed on the receiving antenna of the NFC card, and the distance control without calibration can not be performed. The first picture shows the voltage receiving curve of the test when the coil receiving circuit is placed in various mobile terminals and the i3.56MHz carrier is fixed on the same 14443 POS machine. The intensity value of the receiving antenna is necessary. The amplified value, the magnification remains constant, and only the relative change in intensity with distance is considered. It can be seen that 'the difference in field strength received by different terminals> 30dB, the field strength of the same terminal from lc„^, jl〇cm is about 25dB, and the field strength change caused by the difference of the mobile phone in 201238272 has exceeded the terminal in 丨cm to 丨场cm distance varies within the control range, so the distance control of each terminal cannot be performed by the same-threshold, that is, the non-calibrated distance control cannot be realized. c Summary of the Invention The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile The radio frequency device enables the mobile terminal provided with the mobile radio frequency device to implement a credit card transaction such as electronic payment. To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a mobile radio frequency device including at least one low frequency magnetic induction circuit, at least one low frequency amplification circuit, At least one threshold determination and demodulation circuit, at least one second main processor, at least one radio frequency transceiver circuit, and at least one radio frequency antenna, the low frequency magnetic induction circuit, the low frequency amplification circuit, the threshold determination and demodulation circuit, and the second main processor , radio frequency transceiver circuit, radio frequency antenna are connected in series; The low frequency receiving circuit composed of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit, the low frequency amplifying circuit, the threshold determining and the demodulating circuit operates at a frequency below the highest frequency f 预先 of the preselected system without calibration work. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device can also The low-frequency magnetic induction circuit is a coil, and the product of the conversion gain of the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit and the amplification factor of the low-frequency amplification circuit is a system preset value corresponding to the farthest card-swapping distance of the system to which the mobile terminal is placed. The volume of the low frequency receiving link depends on the conversion gain of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit and the amplification factor of the low frequency amplifying circuit, and the volume of the low frequency receiving link increases as the conversion gain of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit increases, or with the low frequency amplifying circuit 6 Further, the above-mentioned mobile radio frequency device may further have the following characteristics: the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work is in the special low frequency band or the low frequency band or the low frequency band, and the special low frequency band The frequency range is 30 () Hz ~ 3000Hz ' The frequency range of the very low frequency band is 3 KHz~3〇KHz, and the frequency range of the low frequency band is 30 KHz~3OOKHz. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device may further have the following characteristics: the highest frequency f0 of the system without calibration work The frequency range is from 300 Hz to 50 ΚΗζ. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device can also have the following characteristics: the highest frequency 无 of the system without calibration work is 5 〇〇 Hz, 1 kHz, i 5 kHz, 2 kHz, 2.5 ΚΗζ, 3KHz, 4KHz, 5KHz, ΙΟΚΗζ, 20KHz or 30KHz. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device may further have the following features, the threshold determination and demodulation circuit being composed of a comparison circuit and a decoding circuit connected to each other. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device may further have the following features, and the threshold judgment and _ circuit is composed of a sequential (four) comparison circuit, a demodulation circuit, and a decoding circuit. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device may further have the following features, wherein the low frequency magnetic induction circuit is a PCB coil, an enameled wire coil, a Hall device or a giant magnetoresistive device. Further, the above mobile radio frequency device may further have the following features, the mobile radio frequency device being placed in the mobile terminal. 201238272 Further, the above mobile radio frequency device may further have the following features: the mobile radio frequency device is placed in a SIM card, a Lika, a usiM card, a TF card, an SD card or an MMC card. Progressively, the mobile radio device described above may also have the following features: the second host processor and the processor in the SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC card are the same shared processor. Further, the mobile radio frequency device may further have the following characteristics, and the mobile terminal is a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant PDA or a notebook computer. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention also provides a radio frequency work card, comprising the mobile radio frequency device of any of the above. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention also provides a radio frequency memory card' comprising the mobile radio frequency device of any of the above. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention also proposes a method for determining the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work in the above mobile radio frequency devices, comprising the following steps: Step al 'determining the distance control target of the system (Din, Dv) The system includes at least one mobile radio frequency device and at least one card reader, wherein Din indicates that all terminals loaded with the mobile radio frequency device within the range of 〇~Din ensure that the card can be swiped, and Dv represents the range of distance fluctuation, distance The card is allowed to be swiped in the range of Din~(Din+Dv), and the range of distance greater than Din+Dv is not allowed to be swiped; Step a2, determining the fluctuation range δκ of the detection voltage in the mobile radio device caused by the card reader; Step a3, determining The mobile radio frequency device itself causes the detection voltage wave 201238272 moving range; γ step a4, test the voltage distance curve of each typical terminal and obstacle at the f frequency, the f frequency is in the special low frequency band or the low frequency band or the low frequency frequency Any frequency of & the frequency range of the ultra low frequency band is ~3000 Hz, and the frequency range of the very low frequency band is 3ΚΗζ~3〇κΗζ, the frequency range of the low frequency band is 3〇KHz~3〇〇KHz; Step a5′ is determined by the distance control target (Din, Dv) to determine the fluctuation range of the detection voltage in the mobile radio device, Sa is equal to The voltage distance of each typical terminal and obstacle (4) has the slope of the voltage of the average field strength attenuation curve and the difference between the voltage value corresponding to the Din point on the curve and the voltage value of the (Din+Dv) point; Determine the wave pure bound δτ of the detection voltage in the mobile shooting county caused by the terminal, δτ represents the range of detection voltage fluctuation in the mobile radio frequency device caused by the terminal money characteristic, 5T=5AeR*^e; =a7, calculate each typical terminal and obstacle The maximum field strength difference at each distance point between the objects in the control range is corrected, and the peak is corrected, then the frequency is reduced to step a4; the step is corrected to St, the high frequency is, and the step is equal to the current test frequency f is equal to the system. Calibrate the highest frequency of the guard. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention also proposes a low frequency alternating ===: method for a mobile terminal comprising the mobile radio device according to any of the preceding claims, the method comprising the following steps: The received low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal Br is subjected to magnetoelectric conversion 'the low-frequency (four) magnetic field signal is regarded as the electric signal %, and the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal is set as the towel. The magnetic-electric conversion formula is V〇=2. 201238272 If Br is differential For a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal with a constant amplitude, the magnetoelectric conversion formula is Vo=A*K*dBr/dt, where K is the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit gain, A low-frequency amplification circuit is beneficial, and A*K is the magnetoelectric conversion gain'. Step b, if the electric signal V 转换 converted by the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal is greater than the preset comparison voltage signal threshold Vt, the ID ID of the card reader is decoded, the radio frequency communication is entered, and the IDr is combined with the mobile radio frequency through the radio frequency channel. The unique identification code IDc of the device itself is transmitted to the card reader while continuously monitoring the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal; step c, performing radio frequency communication, splitting the radio frequency communication data into multiple The data packet is sent and received in batches. Each time the RF packet is received or sent, check whether it is greater than Vt. If yes, continue the RF communication until the transaction ends. Otherwise, end the RF communication of this transaction and return to step a. Further, the method for controlling the low frequency alternating magnetic field distance may further have the following features: the method for determining the magnetoelectric conversion gain in the step a is as follows: Step a: determining the magnetic induction 35 K, selecting the low frequency magnetic induction circuit on the carrier where the mobile radio device is located Therefore, the magnetic induction gain κ is selected; step a2 'the gain a of the low frequency amplifying circuit is arbitrarily selected under the following principle: 1) The magnetic induction intensity Br received by the mobile radio frequency device at any position is smaller than the value required by the system safety specification; 2) The radio frequency device is placed in the __ kind or a variety of carriers specified by the system' and is required to be online (10) _ the farthest distance of the target can be received, and the signal SNR of the magnetic induction 彳 s after the magnetoelectric conversion is large MSNR; 3) If the magnetic induction circuit For Hall devices or giant magnetoresistive devices: Α*κ = Vt/Bgate 'where Bgate is the magnetic induction threshold; if the magnetic induction circuit is 10 201238272 coil: Α*Κ = Vt/B_RATEgate, where B_RATEgate is the threshold of the rate of change of magnetic induction Value, magnetic induction intensity change rate B_RATE = dBr / dt. Further, the low frequency alternating magnetic field distance control method may further have the following feature, wherein the signal to noise ratio SNR is greater than 5 in the step a2. Further, the low frequency alternating magnetic field distance control method may further have the following feature: the low frequency magnetic induction circuit is a coil, and the mobile radio frequency device is placed in a SIM card, a UIM card, a USIM card, a TF card, an SD card, or an MMC card. 'The number of turns of the coil is 1 to 20 匝, and the gain A of the low-frequency amplifier circuit is greater than 1 〇〇. Further, the above-mentioned low-frequency alternating magnetic field distance control method may further have the following characteristics, in the step a, the magnetic magnetization conversion has an error, that is, v〇 has fluctuations, and the fluctuation range is 5c (db) 'error Sc(db) The selection and control methods are as follows: 3c ranges from 2 to 6 dB; the control method of δ(: includes the following steps: Assume that the maximum fluctuation range of the low-frequency alternating magnetic % § § of various mobile terminals applied by the mobile radio device For δΤ, the attenuation of the standard obstacle in the error control system is δΤ/2. Step 601: The standard card reader emits a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal with a constant amplitude or a constant amplitude at a fixed distance and position, the system The magnetic field after the magnetoelectric conversion of the magnetic field of the lower amplitude value Bgate or the differential amplitude value B_RATEgate is a voltage signal Vo near the amplitude Vt; step 602: determining the Vo range (Vt-Scx/2, Vt-Scx/2), wherein 6cx<;6c 1 11 201238272 Step 603: Measure the output electrical signal Vo of the low frequency amplifying circuit in the mobile radio device. If Vo exceeds the range of (Vt-5cx/2, Vt-5cx/2), adjust the low frequency by the software setting. The amplification factor A of the large circuit is until Vo is within the above range; Step 604: The Vt value of the mobile radio frequency device is set by the software to adjust the output electrical signal Vo after the adjustment of step A. Further, the low frequency alternating magnetic field distance control method is further The voltage threshold Vt can be replaced by a current threshold corresponding to the voltage threshold Vt. The mobile radio device of the present invention enables a mobile terminal provided with the mobile radio device to implement a credit card transaction such as electronic payment. Description Figure 1 shows the voltage-distance curve tested when the coil receiving circuit is placed in various mobile terminals and the 13.56 MHz carrier is kept constant on the same 14443 POS machine. Figure 2 shows the system without calibration in the short-range communication method of the present invention. The block diagram of the selection system of the highest frequency f〇 of the work; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of determining the total receiving detection voltage fluctuation range δΑ of the system by the distance control target (Din, Dv); Figure 4 is the typical terminal and obstacle voltage distance The curve and its fluctuation interval δ schematic diagram; Figure 5 is the voltage distance of five typical mobile terminals when the frequency f is 3.3ΚΗζ Figure 6 is a voltage waveform diagram of the unmodulated direct baseband 12 detected in the mobile radio frequency device. The received voltage signal at the time of transmission and the received voltage signal at the time of sinusoidal FSK modulation; Figure 7 is the reference voltage distance curve. FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a short-range communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency transmission part of a card reader; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a format of a low-frequency data frame of a card reader; The coil receiving circuit is placed in various mobile terminals, and the voltage distance curve tested under the condition of constant 丨ΚΗζ magnetic field is transmitted by the signal source through the low frequency transmitting coil; FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of the radio frequency IC card in the embodiment of the present invention; The picture shows the field strength and coil receiving voltage waveform of the 4匝pcb copper-coil antenna structure applied to the SIM card; the fourth figure shows the differential Manchester encoding format of the 5bit data and the received mobile RF Figure 15 of the terminal of the frequency-packing device is a constant amplitude map of the low-frequency magnetic field mobile terminal of lKHz; Figure 16 is the eb-line 岐 line structure of the TF card. The first picture shows the intended Π error control system block diagram. I: Implementing the cold type 3 Detailed description of the preferred embodiment The current terminal is in a preset situation.
也即讀卡器與裝載有移動射頻裝 在此首先說明，以下本文中所出 下指裝載有移動射 端，即移動終端， 置之間的距離， 13 201238272 之間的距離。 本發明針對射頻裝置（尤其是内置於終端中的射頻 卡，如射頻SIM卡）與讀卡器裝置近距離交易的距離控制問 題’提出了一種由帶有低頻交變磁場發射功能及射頻信號 收發功能的讀卡器和與之對應的帶有低頻交變磁場感應接 收功能及射頻信號收發功能的移動射頻裝置組成的近距離 通信系統，以及與該系統對應的近距離通信方法。本發明 利用低頻交變磁場穿透不同終端衰減差異小的特點進行距 離控制，利用高頻射頻能有效穿透終端來完成高速雙向通 訊進行交易。系統通過預先設定好的門限判定方法來完成 無需校準的距離檢測和控制，即讀卡器按照預設的發射參 數發射低頻錢磁場信號，移動射頻裝置在各距離點上; 測該磁場信號並放大為與距離對應的幅度㈣的電壓 號，進而通過預歧定的電壓門限Vt來判斷終端是否進 預先-X定的有效距離區間（有效距離區間也即允許刷卡 範圍），該糖肅1對所有終端相同，無需校準。本發 通過低頻單向通訊和RF雒& β 八向通訊結合的方法來完成讀卡 和移動射頻裝置的唯一嫩々 '哪疋’綁定之後通過射頻通道來 成雙向的高速大資料量的^ v 町通汛。本發明系統可以實現含 移動射頻裝置的終端（如货亡 、如裒有射頻SIM卡的手機）與讀卡 的資料通信距離（也即交总μ、 、 叉易距離）可靠地控制在規定範 内’並且無需對終端進行校準。 實二 14 201238272 本發明的近距離通信方法，應用於包括至少一個讀卡 器和至少一個移動射頻裝置的近距離通信系統，包括如下 的步驟a、步驟b、步驟c和步驟d四個步驟，下面分別對各 個步驟進行具體說明： 步驟a，讀卡器按照預設的發射參數發射低頻交變磁場 信號，該低頻交變磁場信號中攜帶該讀卡器的身份標識資 訊，其中，發射參數包括低頻交變磁場信號的頻率，該頻 率等於或小於系統無校準工作的最高頻率f0 ;其中，身份 標識資訊可以是識別碼ID。 這裡需要說明的是，本步驟中低頻交變磁場信號的頻 率是指所述低頻交變信號的頻譜上3dB頻寬的高端頻率截 止點所對應的頻率。 低頻交變磁場頻率越低，穿過各種類型的終端後衰減 的差異越小，利用該特性，在頻點選擇系統(如第2圖所示） 中選定差異足夠小的頻點，以實現無校準距離控制。採用 標準信號源通過標準的磁場發射線圈發送低頻交變磁場信 號1在各個典型的移動終端及障礙物内部接收該低頻交變 磁場信號，調整發射頻率直到找到頻點f〇，使移動射頻裝 置（裝載在移動終端中）接收到的電壓（該電壓是由低頻交變 磁場信號經放大後得到的與距離對應的幅度恆定的的電壓 信號)在距離發射線圈平面中心點相同距離條件下，不同終 端及障礙物間的場強差異大致等於設定的波動範圍δτ，該 頻點f0及低於該頻點f0的頻段是系統無校準工作的頻段，不 需要校準任何系統中的任何終端，工作頻點（即前述的低頻 15 201238272 交=磁場k號的頻率）高於fQ，系統需要校準，通常工作頻 ;f〇越多，需要校準的終端越多，校準的複雜度越高。 頻點選定是—次性工作，一旦選定，在使用中無需更改。 一第2圖為本發明近距離通信方法中系統無校準工作的 最门頻率f〇的選擇系統結構框圖’如第2圖所示，頻點選擇 系先的組成為.發送系統由信號源505和低頻磁場發射線圈 504組成，接收系統由典型移動終端501及障礙物、信號強 度測試儀503(電壓表、示波器、頻譜儀等）組成，移動終端 501内部具有低頻接收模組502。信號源505可以精確的產生 各種頻率、波形和幅度的信號。頻點選擇的原理是：信號 源505產生固定幅度頻率為f的正弦波信號，通過發射線圈 504發送，低頻接收模組5〇2放置在選定的典型移動終端501 或障礙物内部，接收到的低頻信號通過專用信號線接到信 號強度測試儀503，信號強度測試儀503測試接收到的電 壓。改變移動終端的距離可以得到該移動終端或障礙物在 頻率f條件下的檢測電壓隨距離變化的曲線（以下稱為電壓 距離曲線），更換移動終端或障礙物可以得到多個終端的曲 線，改變頻率f也可以得到不同的曲線。 步驟a中，系統無校準工作的最高頻率f〇通過下述步驟 確定： 步驟1(M，確定距離控制目標(Din，Dv)，其中Din表示 0〜Din範圍内所有終端確保可刷卡，Dv表示距離波動範 圍，距離為Din〜(Din+Dv)的範圍内均允許刷卡’距離大於 Din+Dv範圍不允許刷卡； 16 201238272 例如(5cm ’ 5 cm)表示5cm以下所有終端確保可刷卡， 5cm〜l〇Cm允許刷卡’超過⑺叫能刷卡。距離控制目標 由具體的應用確定。（G〜Din+Dv)稱為距離控制範圍。 4102 4疋頃卡器導致的移動射頻裝置内檢測電壓 的波動範圍δκ; 讀卡器低頻發射電路參數波動形成發射場強的波動， 造成移動射頻裝置内檢測電壓的波動，該參數包括發射驅 動電壓波動、線圈參數肋、溫度影料。、由讀卡器設 計及生產環節來控制，該波動可以在生產環節校準，由於 低頻發射電路工作頻率很低，通常SR可以被控制得很好， 例如4dB以内。 步驟103,確定移動射頻裝置本身導致的檢測電壓的波 動範圍; 移動射頻裝置本身低頻接收電路參數波動造成的最終 檢測輸出電壓的波動，該參數包括接收天線誤差、放大器 增益誤差、比較器或AD誤差、溫度影響及雜訊等。心由移 動射頻裝置設計及生產環節來控制，該波動可以在生產環 節校準，由於移動射頻裝置低頻接收電路工作頻率很低， 通常可以被控制得很好，例如4dB以内。 步驟104 ,在f頻率下測試各典型終端及障礙物的電壓 距離曲線，其中f頻率為處於特低頻頻段或甚低頻頻段或低 頻頻段中的任一頻率，特低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3〇〇 Hz〜 3000Hz ’甚低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3KHz〜3〇KHz，低頻頻 段的頻率範圍為30 KHz〜300KHz ; 17 201238272 在進行本步驟104之前先要做個準備工作，即選定典型 終端及典型障礙物。典型終端的選取原則主要依據終端金 屬或導電結構的多少來選取，金屬越多，衰減越大，例如 可以選取塑膠外殼、金屬外殼、厚金屬殼、薄金屬殼、大 尺寸終端、小尺寸終端等，典型終端的數量不嚴格限制， 典型終端的選取基本可以覆蓋終端對低頻交變磁場信號的 衰減特點。為了避免個別移動終端差異太大，可以在應用 中加入移動終端型號認證，對每種需要支援支付應用的移 動終端嘗試做刷卡測試，確認該型號的移動終端衰減特性 符合要求。典型障礙物可以選擇不同材質的標準形狀的塑 膠、鋁、銅、鐵、不銹鋼等移動終端常見材料，放置在讀 卡器和移動射頻裝置之間作為移動終端衰減特性的一種等 效障礙物測量衰減效果。 步驟105，由距離控制目標(Din，Dv)確定移動射頻裝 置内檢測電壓的波動範圍δΑ，δΑ等於由各典型終端及障礙 物的電壓距離曲線得到的具有平均場強衰減曲線斜率的電 壓距離曲線上Din點所對應的電壓值與(Din+Dv)點所對應 的電壓值之差； 第3圖為由距離控制目標(Din，Dv)確定系統總的接收 檢測電壓波動範圍δΑ的示意圖。如第3圖所示，（Din+Dv)點 所對應的電壓值為V2，Din點所對應的電壓值為VI，則 3A=V1-V2。 步驟10 6，確定由終端導致的移動射頻裝置内檢測電壓 的波動範圍δτ，參數δτ表示終端衰減特性造成的移動射頻裝 18 201238272 置内檢測電壓波動範圍’ ， 步驟107，計算各典型終端及障礙物間在距離控制範圍 内各距離點上的最大場強差異δ(又稱為波動區間），若δ大於 δτ，則降低頻率f，轉步驟a4 ;若δ小於δτ，則提高頻率f， 轉步驟a4;若δ等於δτ，則當前測試頻率f等於系統無校準工 作的最高頻率f〇。 第4圖為典型終端及障礙物電壓距離曲線及其波動區 間δ示意圖。如第4圖所示，最大衰減終端或障礙物對應的 電壓距離曲線稱為最大衰減曲線，最小衰減終端或障礙物 對應的電壓距離曲線稱為最小衰減曲線，最大及最小衰減 曲線包圍的區域稱為典型終端及障礙物電壓距離曲線分佈 區間，任意距離D在最小衰減曲線上對應的電壓為V3，在 最大衰減曲線上對應的電壓為V4，則5=V3-V4。 至此，在限定距離控制目標的情況下，系統無校準工 作的最高頻率f〇就確定下來了。系統可以採用調製的方 式，也可以採用直接發送基帶信號的方式，系統工作的主 要頻率分量最高只要不大於f〇，距離控制就無需校準。 舉例說明f0的確定過程。第5圖為頻率f為3.3KHz時5種 典型移動終端的電壓距離曲線。如第5圖所示，系統距離控 制目標為（5cm，5 cm)，系統0〜10cm距離區間電壓的變化 範圍約為40dB，讀卡器和移動射頻裝置導致的移動射頻裝 置内檢測電壓波動均為4dB，即5R=5c=4dB，δΑ=2(ΜΒ， δτ=δΑ_δβ~δ〇= 12dB。假設5種終端可以代表糸統所使用的所 有終端，檢查曲線在各距離點上的最大波動約等於12dB， 19 201238272 因此該系統無校準工作的最高頻率f0可確定為f〇=3 3ΚΗζ。 步驟a中，發射參數還可以包括調製方式、編碼方式及 發射磁感應強度幅值Br。發射參數選定的基本原則是保噔 移動射頻裝置在各㈣點上對讀卡祕發射的低頻交變磁 場信號檢測並放大後的信號是與距離對應的幅度恆定的電 壓信號。第6圖為移動射頻裝置内部檢測到的無調製直接基 帶發射時的接收電壓信號和正弦波F s κ調製時的接收電壓 信號的電壓波形其巾，a為無婦直接基帶發射時的接 收電壓域波形圖，喊正弦波FSK調f時的接收電壓信號 波形圖。#第6圖所示’檢測電壓信號是包含解調資訊的變 化電壓㈣’該信號可以為無直流分量的交流電壓信號， 也可以疋有直流分量的電壓信號，幅度較是指交流分量 的變化最大巾§度在不同傳輸符號間怪定。 發射參數中的調製方式、編碼方式及發射磁感應強度 幅值㈣過下述㈣an歸驟al3選定： 步 a 11 、 ， ，選定任意一種無平均直流分量的編碼方式， 例如又微斯特碼，差分曼徹斯特碼，歸零碼等； 步驟a】:> 、 戈選擇無5周製方式或幅度無變化的載波調製方 弋彳，皮調製方式可以選定任意一種幅度無變化的調製方 ^可=如栽波可以採用正弦波、脈衝、三角波等，調製方 選為開關鍵控法(〇〇K)、相移鍵控法或頻移鍵控法 採用無調製方式時，編碼後的基帶信號直接經驅 動電路驅動由發射線圈發射； 步驟2 ，選定發射磁感應強度幅值Br，方法為：在選 20 201238272 '調製方式及編碼方式下，先選定 J見的移動射頻裝置内磁檢測及放大 定的小於f〇的工作頻率 典型雜訊終端及易於實 的曰皿參^：冑包3移動射頻裝置的移動終端放置在離讀 卡器為距離控制目標最遠處即咖心距離處，如果移動射 «置採用«器件、巨磁阻器件等檢測磁場強度值的磁 感應電路接收卡器發射磁錢強度變化幅度怪定的 磁場信號；如果移動射頻裝置採用線圈等檢測磁場強度變 化率的感應電路接收，則讀卡器發射磁感應強度變化率幅 度（即微分度)錢的磁場錢，職讀卡_未發送低頻交 變磁場信號條件下移動射頻裝置内檢測電壓的固有雜 壓幅度Vn ’然制量讀卡器用選定的難編碼方式發送低 頻交變磁場信號時移動射頻裝置内的檢測電壓％，選擇發 射幅度值Bgate或微分幅度值B_RATEgate，使VΓ/Vn>sNR， SNR為移動射頻裝置的信噪比。SNR值的選擇通常越大越 好，但疋太大會造成讀卡器發送功率過大，實現困難典 型值可選擇SNR=10當SNR確定，Br通過上述方式便確定 了’根據系統選擇的磁感應電路類型不同，Br參數值分為 兩種’霍爾器件及巨磁阻器件接收系統為磁感應強度幅值 門限Bgate，線圈接收系統為磁感應強度變化率幅值門限 Β—RATEgate。 步驟b ’移動射頻裝置在各距離點上接收、檢測所述低 頻交變磁場信號並放大為與距離對應的幅度恆定的的電壓 信號，進而通過預設的電壓門限Vt判斷裝載有所述移動射 頻展置的終端是否進入了預設的有效距離區間，所述電壓 21 201238272 門限Vt對裝載有所述移動射頻裝置的所有終端相同； 步驟b中，預設的電壓門限vt通過下述步驟2〇1至步驟 203確定’前提是’確定讀卡器發射及移動射頻裝置接收是 無波動的，或者兩者引起的接收檢測電壓波動遠小於心及心： 步驟201，在選定的發射參數下，測量各典型終端和障 礙物的電壓距離曲線，其中，發射參數包括低頻交變磁場信 號的頻率、婦方式 '編碼方式及魏_應強度幅值价； 步驟202’求取基準電壓距離曲線，基準電壓距離曲線 疋典型終及I5爭礙物曲線的中間值，其距離典型終端曲線 的上邊界及下邊界的電壓幅度都為δτ/2，如第7圖所示； 步驟203，選定移動射頻裝置内檢測電壓門限值乂卜％ 值等於距離控制目標Din與(Din+Dv)分別對應的電壓值之 間以dBmV為單位的電壓值的中間值。如第7圖所示，在基 準電壓距離曲線上對應於Din的電壓為V5(dBmV)，對應於 (Din+Dv)點的電壓值為 V6(dBmV)，則 Vt=V5-(V5-V6)/ 2(dBmV” 步驟c，若與接收到的低頻交變磁場信號對應的電壓信 號大於或等於預設的電壓門限Vt，則裝載有移動射頻裂置 的終端進入了預設的有效刷卡區間’移動射頻農置從接收 到的低頻交變磁場信號中獲取讀卡器的身份標識資訊，並 將其連同自身的身份標識資訊一起通過射頻通道傳送給讀 卡器； 步驟d，讀卡器接收移動射頻裝置通過射頻通道傳送的 資訊’比較該資訊中讀卡器的身份標識資訊是否同自身的 22 201238272 身份標識資訊一致，若一致則以自身的身份標識資訊和移 動射頻裝置的身份標識資訊的結合作為組合位址’與移動 射頻裝置通過射頻通道進行刷卡交易。此處’刷卡交易不 單指電子支付’還可以是其他通過射頻通道進行的通訊過 程，比如充值、消費、身份認證等，本文中的刷卡交易泛 指通過射頻通道進行的通信，尤其指近距離通信中通過射 頻通道進行的通信。 本發明中，低頻交變磁場信號的頻率處於特低頻頻段 或甚低頻頻段或低頻頻段，其中，特低頻頻段的頻率範圍 為300Hz〜3000Hz，甚低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3ΚΗζ〜 30KHz，低頻頻段的頻率範圍為3〇KHz〜300KHZ 〇優選地’ 低頻交變磁場信號的頻率可以為3〇〇Hz〜50KHz。優選地， 低頻交變磁場信號的頻率可以為5〇〇Ηζ、ΙΚΗζ、1.5KHz、 2KHz、2·5ΚΗζ、3KHz、4KHz、5KHz、ΙΟΚΗζ、20KHz或 30KHz。 迎此離逋信方法採用低頻磁場單向通訊和射頻 電磁％问速雙向通㈣結合，從而避免了 nfc系統中採用 唯一 13·56廳賴雙向—及距雜制帶來天線問題及 終端信號衰減差異大等問題。本方法中，讀卡器利用低頻 早向《將自身唯—標識&(即前述的身份標識資峨給 移動射頻裝置，移動射頻裝置通過射頻雙向通道將自身唯 加杨後回傳給讀卡器，讀卡器比較回傳的 定。綁定二貫現了讀卡器與移動射頻裝置的唯-綁 口只益與移動射頻裝置採用射頻雙向通道實現 23 201238272 高速大資料量的通訊，直至本次交易完成。 本發明近距離通信方法實現了含有移動射頻裝置的射 頻通信終端（如裝有射頻SIM卡的手機）與讀卡器的資料通 信距離(也即交易距離）可靠地控制在規定範圍内，並且無需 對終端進行校準。 為了實現上述的近距離通信方法，本發明還提出了一 種近距離通信系統。本發明的近距離通信系統包括至少一 個讀卡器和至少一個移動射頻襞置，其中： 讀卡器用於按照預設的發射參數發射低頻交變磁場信 號，該低頻交變磁場信號申攜帶該讀卡器的身份標識資 讯，其中，發射參數包括低頻交變磁場信號的頻率，該頻 率等於或小於系統無校準丄作的最高鮮fQ;讀卡器還用 於接收移動射賴置通過射頻通道傳送的資訊，比較該資 Λ中4卡器的身&標識資訊是否同自身的身份標識資訊一 致’若一致則以自身的身份標識資訊和移動射頻裝置的身 份標識資訊的結合作為組合位址，與移騎縣置通過射 頻通道進行刷卡交易； 用於在各距離點上接收、檢測讀卡 發射的低頻交變磁場信號並放大為與距離對應的幅度怪 的的電壓信號，進而1 預設的電制限Vt判斷裝載有That is, the card reader and the mobile radio frequency device are installed. First, the following description refers to the distance between the mobile terminal, the mobile terminal, and the distance between the terminals, 13 201238272. The invention proposes a transmission control function with a low frequency alternating magnetic field transmitting function and a radio frequency signal for a distance control problem of a radio frequency device (especially a radio frequency card built in a terminal, such as a radio frequency SIM card) and a card reader device. The function of the card reader and the corresponding short-range communication system comprising a low-frequency alternating magnetic field induction receiving function and a radio frequency signal transceiving function, and a short-distance communication method corresponding to the system. The invention utilizes the characteristics of low-frequency alternating magnetic field penetrating different terminal attenuation differences to perform distance control, and uses high-frequency radio frequency to effectively penetrate the terminal to complete high-speed two-way communication for transaction. The system performs the distance detection and control without calibration by a preset threshold determination method, that is, the card reader transmits the low-frequency money magnetic field signal according to the preset transmission parameters, and moves the radio frequency device at each distance point; the magnetic field signal is measured and amplified. For the voltage number of the amplitude (4) corresponding to the distance, and further determining whether the terminal enters the effective distance interval of the pre-X by the pre-defined voltage threshold Vt (the effective distance interval is also allowed to swipe the range), the sugar swell 1 is all The terminals are the same and no calibration is required. The present invention combines low-frequency one-way communication and RF雒&β eight-way communication to complete the unique tenderness of the reading and moving RF devices, and then through the RF channel to achieve two-way high-speed and large data volume. ^ v 汛通汛. The system of the invention can realize the data communication distance (that is, the total μ, the fork easy distance) of the terminal including the mobile radio frequency device (such as a mobile phone, such as a mobile phone with a radio frequency SIM card) and the card reading, and can be reliably controlled in a prescribed range. Internal 'and no need to calibrate the terminal.实二14 201238272 The short-range communication method of the present invention is applied to a short-range communication system including at least one card reader and at least one mobile radio frequency device, comprising the following four steps: step a, step b, step c and step d, The following steps are respectively described in detail: Step a, the card reader transmits a low frequency alternating magnetic field signal according to a preset transmission parameter, and the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal carries the identity identification information of the card reader, wherein the transmission parameter includes The frequency of the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal, which is equal to or less than the highest frequency f0 of the system without calibration work; wherein the identification information may be the identification code ID. It should be noted here that the frequency of the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal in this step refers to the frequency corresponding to the high-end frequency cut-off point of the 3dB bandwidth of the spectrum of the low-frequency alternating signal. The lower the frequency of the low-frequency alternating magnetic field, the smaller the difference in attenuation after passing through various types of terminals. With this characteristic, the frequency selection system (as shown in Fig. 2) selects frequency points with sufficiently small differences to achieve no Calibrate distance control. Using a standard signal source to transmit a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal through a standard magnetic field transmitting coil 1 receives the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal inside each typical mobile terminal and obstacle, and adjusts the transmitting frequency until the frequency point f〇 is found, so that the mobile radio device is moved ( Loading the voltage received in the mobile terminal (the voltage is a voltage signal whose amplitude corresponding to the distance obtained by the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal is amplified) at the same distance from the center point of the plane of the transmitting coil, different terminals The field strength difference between the obstacles and the obstacle is approximately equal to the set fluctuation range δτ. The frequency point f0 and the frequency band lower than the frequency point f0 are frequency bands in which the system has no calibration work, and it is not necessary to calibrate any terminal in any system, and the working frequency point (The aforementioned low frequency 15 201238272 cross = magnetic field k number frequency) is higher than fQ, the system needs calibration, usually working frequency; the more f〇, the more terminals that need to be calibrated, the higher the calibration complexity. Frequency selection is a secondary work, once selected, no change is required in use. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of the selection system of the most gate frequency f〇 of the system in the short-range communication method of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the frequency selection system is composed first. The transmission system is composed of a signal source. The 505 is composed of a low frequency magnetic field transmitting coil 504. The receiving system is composed of a typical mobile terminal 501 and an obstacle, a signal strength tester 503 (a voltmeter, an oscilloscope, a spectrum analyzer, etc.), and the mobile terminal 501 has a low frequency receiving module 502 therein. Signal source 505 can accurately generate signals of various frequencies, waveforms, and amplitudes. The principle of frequency selection is: the signal source 505 generates a sine wave signal with a fixed amplitude frequency f, which is transmitted through the transmitting coil 504, and the low frequency receiving module 5〇2 is placed inside the selected typical mobile terminal 501 or obstacle, and received. The low frequency signal is connected to the signal strength tester 503 through a dedicated signal line, and the signal strength tester 503 tests the received voltage. Changing the distance of the mobile terminal can obtain a curve of the detection voltage of the mobile terminal or the obstacle under the condition of the frequency f (hereinafter referred to as a voltage distance curve), and changing the mobile terminal or the obstacle can obtain a curve of the plurality of terminals, and change A different curve can also be obtained for the frequency f. In step a, the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work is determined by the following steps: Step 1 (M, determine the distance control target (Din, Dv), where Din indicates that all terminals in the range of 0 to Din ensure that the card can be swiped, and Dv represents Range of fluctuations, distances from Din~(Din+Dv) are allowed to swipe 'Distance is greater than Din+Dv range is not allowed to swipe; 16 201238272 For example (5cm '5 cm) means that all terminals below 5cm ensure card swipe, 5cm~ l〇Cm allows the card to be swiped more than (7). The distance control target is determined by the specific application. (G~Din+Dv) is called the distance control range. 4102 4疋 4疋 card reader causes the fluctuation of the detection voltage in the mobile radio device Range δκ; The fluctuation of the parameter of the low-frequency transmitting circuit of the card reader forms the fluctuation of the emission field strength, which causes the fluctuation of the detection voltage in the mobile radio frequency device, and the parameters include the emission driving voltage fluctuation, the coil parameter rib, the temperature shadow material, and are designed by the card reader. And the production process to control, the fluctuation can be calibrated in the production process, because the low frequency transmitting circuit operating frequency is very low, usually SR can be controlled very well, for example 4dB Step 103: determining a fluctuation range of the detection voltage caused by the mobile radio frequency device itself; and fluctuating the final detection output voltage caused by the fluctuation of the low frequency reception circuit parameter of the mobile radio frequency device, the parameter including the receiving antenna error, the amplifier gain error, the comparator or the AD Error, temperature influence and noise, etc. The heart is controlled by the design and production of the mobile RF device. The fluctuation can be calibrated at the production stage. Since the low frequency receiving circuit of the mobile RF device has a low operating frequency, it can usually be well controlled, for example. Step 104: Test the voltage distance curve of each typical terminal and obstacle at f frequency, where f frequency is any frequency in the special low frequency band or the low frequency band or the low frequency band, and the frequency range of the special low frequency band is 3〇〇Hz~3000Hz 'The frequency range of the very low frequency band is 3KHz~3〇KHz, and the frequency range of the low frequency band is 30KHz~300KHz; 17 201238272 Before proceeding with this step 104, a preparatory work is required, that is, a typical terminal is selected. And typical obstacles. The selection principle of typical terminals is mainly based on terminal gold. Or the number of conductive structures to choose, the more metal, the greater the attenuation, for example, plastic casing, metal casing, thick metal shell, thin metal shell, large-size terminal, small-sized terminal, etc., the number of typical terminals is not strictly limited. The selection of a typical terminal can basically cover the attenuation characteristics of the terminal to the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal. In order to avoid the difference of individual mobile terminals, the mobile terminal type authentication can be added in the application, and the mobile terminal that needs to support the payment application is attempted to swipe the card. Test, confirm that the attenuation characteristics of this type of mobile terminal meet the requirements. Typical obstacles can be selected from different materials, such as plastic, aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel and other mobile terminal materials, which are placed between the card reader and the mobile RF device. An equivalent obstacle for the attenuation characteristics of mobile terminals measures the attenuation effect. Step 105, determining, by the distance control target (Din, Dv), a fluctuation range δ 检测 of the detection voltage in the mobile radio frequency device, where δ Α is equal to a voltage distance curve having a slope of the average field strength attenuation curve obtained from a voltage distance curve of each typical terminal and the obstacle The difference between the voltage value corresponding to the upper Din point and the voltage value corresponding to the (Din+Dv) point; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of determining the total received detection voltage fluctuation range δΑ of the system by the distance control target (Din, Dv). As shown in Figure 3, the voltage value corresponding to the (Din+Dv) point is V2, and the voltage value corresponding to the Din point is VI, then 3A=V1-V2. Step 10: Determine a fluctuation range δτ of the detected voltage in the mobile radio frequency device caused by the terminal, and the parameter δτ represents a range of the detected voltage fluctuation range of the mobile radio frequency device 18 201238272 caused by the terminal attenuation characteristic, step 107, and calculate each typical terminal and obstacle The maximum field strength difference δ (also called the fluctuation interval) at each distance point between the objects in the distance control range. If δ is greater than δτ, the frequency f is decreased, and step a4 is turned; if δ is smaller than δτ, the frequency f is increased. Step a4; if δ is equal to δτ, the current test frequency f is equal to the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work. Figure 4 is a typical terminal and obstacle voltage distance curve and its δ diagram of the fluctuation interval. As shown in Figure 4, the voltage distance curve corresponding to the maximum attenuation terminal or obstacle is called the maximum attenuation curve. The voltage attenuation curve corresponding to the minimum attenuation terminal or obstacle is called the minimum attenuation curve, and the area surrounded by the maximum and minimum attenuation curves is called For a typical terminal and obstacle voltage distance curve distribution interval, the voltage corresponding to the minimum attenuation curve of any distance D is V3, and the corresponding voltage on the maximum attenuation curve is V4, then 5=V3-V4. At this point, in the case of limiting the distance control target, the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work is determined. The system can adopt the modulation method or the method of directly transmitting the baseband signal. The maximum frequency component of the system operation is not more than f〇, and the distance control does not need to be calibrated. An example of the determination process of f0. Figure 5 shows the voltage distance curves of five typical mobile terminals at a frequency f of 3.3 kHz. As shown in Figure 5, the system distance control target is (5cm, 5 cm), the system 0~10cm distance range varies by about 40dB, and the detection voltage fluctuations in the mobile RF device caused by the reader and mobile radio device are 4dB, ie 5R=5c=4dB, δΑ=2(ΜΒ, δτ=δΑ_δβ~δ〇= 12dB. Assume that the five terminals can represent all the terminals used by the system, and check the maximum fluctuation of the curve at each distance point. Equal to 12dB, 19 201238272 Therefore, the highest frequency f0 of the system without calibration can be determined as f〇=3 3ΚΗζ. In step a, the transmission parameters may also include modulation mode, coding mode and emission magnetic induction intensity amplitude Br. The basic principle is to ensure that the mobile radio frequency device detects and amplifies the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal emitted by the card reader at each (four) point, and the amplified signal is a voltage signal with a constant amplitude corresponding to the distance. FIG. 6 is an internal detection of the mobile radio frequency device. The received voltage signal at the time of unmodulated direct baseband transmission and the voltage waveform of the received voltage signal when sinusoidal F s κ is modulated, a is a non-female direct baseband transmission Receive the voltage waveform diagram of the voltage domain, and call the waveform of the received voltage signal when the sine wave FSK is adjusted f. #图6's detection voltage signal is the variation voltage containing the demodulation information (4) 'The signal can be the AC voltage without DC component The signal can also be a voltage signal with a DC component. The amplitude is greater than the change of the AC component. The maximum degree of the noise is determined between different transmission symbols. The modulation mode, coding mode and amplitude of the transmitted magnetic induction intensity in the transmission parameters (4) Said (4) an return to step al3 selected: Step a 11 , , , select any encoding method without average DC component, such as the micro-site code, differential Manchester code, return to zero code, etc.; Step a]: > In the 5-week mode or the carrier modulation mode with no change in amplitude, the skin modulation mode can select any modulation mode with no change in amplitude. ^ If the carrier wave can use sine wave, pulse, triangle wave, etc., the modulation side is selected as the key. When the control method (〇〇K), phase shift keying method or frequency shift keying method adopts the non-modulation method, the encoded baseband signal is directly driven by the transmitting circuit and driven by the transmitting coil. Step 2: Select the amplitude of the transmitted magnetic induction intensity Br. The method is as follows: In the selection of 20 201238272 'modulation mode and coding mode, first select the magnetic noise detected in the mobile radio frequency device and the typical noise of the working frequency less than f〇. Terminal and easy-to-use 参 参 胄: The mobile terminal of the mobile radio device is placed at the farthest distance from the card reader to the distance control target, ie The magnetic induction circuit for detecting the magnetic field strength value of the device and the like receives the magnetic field signal of the amplitude variation of the magnetic energy intensity of the card reader; if the mobile radio frequency device adopts the induction circuit for detecting the change rate of the magnetic field strength by the coil or the like, the rate of change of the magnetic induction intensity of the reader is emitted. The amplitude (ie, the differential degree) of the magnetic field money of the money, the reading card _ the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal is not sent under the condition of the detection voltage of the inherent voltage amplitude Vn in the mobile radio device Vran 'the capacity of the reader to send the low frequency with the selected difficult coding method When the magnetic field signal is alternating, the detection voltage % in the radio frequency device is moved, and the emission amplitude value Bgate or the differential amplitude value B_RATEgate is selected, so that VΓ/Vn>sNR, SNR is the signal to noise ratio of the mobile radio device. The choice of SNR value is usually as large as possible, but too large 会 will cause the reader to transmit too much power, and the typical value can be selected. SNR=10 When SNR is determined, Br determines by the above method that 'the type of magnetic induction circuit is different according to the system. The Br parameter values are divided into two types: the Hall device and the giant magnetoresistive device receiving system are the magnetic induction intensity amplitude threshold Bgate, and the coil receiving system is the magnetic induction intensity change rate amplitude threshold Β RATEgate. Step b 'The mobile radio frequency device receives and detects the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal at each distance point and amplifies the voltage signal with a constant amplitude corresponding to the distance, and further determines that the mobile radio frequency is loaded by the preset voltage threshold Vt. Whether the terminal that is deployed enters a preset effective distance interval, the voltage 21 201238272 threshold Vt is the same for all terminals loaded with the mobile radio device; in step b, the preset voltage threshold vt passes the following steps 2 Steps 1 to 203 determine that 'the premise is that it is determined that the card reader transmission and the mobile radio device reception are non-fluctuating, or that the received detection voltage fluctuation caused by the two is much smaller than the heart and heart: Step 201, under the selected transmission parameters, the measurement The voltage distance curve of each typical terminal and obstacle, wherein the transmission parameters include the frequency of the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal, the female mode 'encoding mode and the Wei _ intensity intensity valence value; step 202' obtains the reference voltage distance curve, the reference voltage The intermediate value of the distance curve 疋 typical end and the I5 contingency curve, which is the distance from the upper and lower boundaries of the typical terminal curve. The amplitude is δτ/2, as shown in Fig. 7; Step 203, the detection voltage threshold value in the selected mobile radio device is equal to the value of the distance control target Din and (Din+Dv) respectively in dBmV The intermediate value of the unit's voltage value. As shown in Fig. 7, the voltage corresponding to Din on the reference voltage distance curve is V5 (dBmV), and the voltage value corresponding to the (Din+Dv) point is V6 (dBmV), then Vt=V5-(V5-V6 ) / 2 (dBmV) Step c, if the voltage signal corresponding to the received low frequency alternating magnetic field signal is greater than or equal to the preset voltage threshold Vt, the terminal loaded with the mobile RF split enters the preset effective swipe interval 'Mobile RF farm equipment obtains the identity information of the card reader from the received low frequency alternating magnetic field signal, and transmits it to the card reader through the RF channel together with its own identity information; Step d, the card reader receives The information transmitted by the mobile radio device through the radio frequency channel is compared with whether the identity information of the card reader in the information is consistent with its own identity information, and if it is consistent, the identity information of the mobile device and the identity information of the mobile radio device are Combined as a combined address 'with mobile RF devices through the RF channel for credit card transactions. Here 'swipe transaction not only refers to electronic payment' can also be other through the RF channel Communication process, such as recharge, consumption, identity authentication, etc., the card transaction in this document refers to communication through the RF channel, especially the communication through the RF channel in short-range communication. In the present invention, the frequency of the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal In the special low frequency band or the low frequency band or the low frequency band, wherein the frequency range of the special low frequency band is 300 Hz to 3000 Hz, the frequency range of the very low frequency band is 3 ΚΗζ 30 30 Hz, and the frequency range of the low frequency band is 3 〇 KHz to 300 KHZ 〇 preferably The frequency of the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal may be 3 〇〇 Hz to 50 kHz. Preferably, the frequency of the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal may be 5 〇〇Ηζ, ΙΚΗζ, 1.5 kHz, 2 kHz, 2·5 ΚΗζ, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz. , ΙΟΚΗζ, 20KHz or 30KHz. This method is based on the use of low-frequency magnetic field one-way communication and RF electromagnetic % speed two-way communication (four) combination, thus avoiding the use of the only 13·56 hall 双向 two-way and the miscellaneous belt in the nfc system The antenna problem and the difference in terminal signal attenuation are large. In this method, the card reader uses the low frequency to go to the "self-only" logo & (That is, the foregoing identity identifier is given to the mobile radio device, and the mobile radio device transmits its own back to the card reader through the RF bidirectional channel, and the card reader compares the return of the card. The only interface between the mobile device and the mobile radio device is only beneficial to the mobile radio device using the RF bidirectional channel to realize the communication of 23 201238272 high-speed and large data volume until the transaction is completed. The short-distance communication method of the present invention realizes the radio frequency of the mobile radio device. The data communication distance (ie, the transaction distance) of the communication terminal (such as a mobile phone equipped with a radio frequency SIM card) and the card reader is reliably controlled within a prescribed range, and the terminal need not be calibrated. In order to implement the above-described short-range communication method, the present invention also proposes a short-range communication system. The short-range communication system of the present invention comprises at least one card reader and at least one mobile radio frequency device, wherein: the card reader is configured to transmit a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal according to a preset transmission parameter, and the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal carries the reading The identification information of the card device, wherein the transmission parameter includes a frequency of the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal, the frequency is equal to or less than the highest fresh fQ of the system without calibration; the card reader is also used for receiving the mobile shooting device through the radio frequency channel The transmitted information compares whether the body & identification information of the 4 card device in the asset is consistent with its own identity information. If the agreement is the same, the combination of the identity information and the identity information of the mobile radio device is used as the combined address. And the card riding county to pass the RF channel for card transaction; for receiving and detecting the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal emitted by the card reading at each distance point and amplifying the voltage signal corresponding to the amplitude corresponding to the distance, and then 1 preset The electric limit Vt is judged to be loaded
移動射頻裝置的终妓B 、嘀疋否進入了預設的有效距離區間， 中，電壓門限Vt對萝1 我戟有該移動射頻裝置的所有欲踹 同；移動射頻裝置還田# ^ ^ _ ^ π 用於在與接收到的低頻交變磁搵产 對應的電壓信號大於 貝乂 k磁⑽ 、4寻於預設的電壓門限Vt時，從接 24 201238272 到的低頻交變磁場信號中獲取讀卡器的身份標識資訊，並 將其連同自身的身份標識資訊—起通過射頻通道傳送給讀 卡器；移動射頻裝置還用於與讀卡器通過射頻通道進行刷 卡交易。 其中，身份標識資訊可以為識別碼10。 由上述可見，本發明近距離通信系統中的讀卡器具有 低頻發射功能和射頻收發功能這樣兩個基本功能，也可以 4本發明近距離通信系統中的讀卡器具有低頻發射模組和 射頻收發模組這樣兩個基本模組；本發明近距離通信系統 中的移動射頻裝置具有低頻接收功能和射頻收發功能這樣 兩個基本功能’也可以說本發明近距離通信系統中的移動 射頻裝置具有低頻接收模組和射頻收發模組這樣兩個基本 模組。 進一步地’上述的近距離通信系統可以由如下的具體 電路來實現：讀卡器包括至少一個低頻發射線圈、至少一 個驅動電路、至少一個編碼電路、至少一個第一主處理器、 至少一個射頻收發電路和至少一個射頻天線，其中，低頻 發射線圈、驅動電路、編碼電路、第一主處理器、射頻收 發電路、射頻天線、順次串聯連接；移動射頻裝置包括至 少一個低頻磁感應電路、至少一個低頻放大電路、至少一 個門限判斷及解調電路、至少一個第二主處理器、至少一 個射頻收發電路和至少一個射頻天線，其中，低頻磁感應 電路、低頻放大電路、門限判斷及解調電路、第二主處理 器、射頻收發電路、射頻天線順次串聯連接。優選地，在 25 201238272 讀卡器的驅動電路和編碼電路之間 上述具體實現電路中， 還可以設有調製電路。 在上述具體實現電路中，讀卡器中的低頻發射線圈、 驅動電路和編碼電路(帶調製電料，還包括調製電路)可以 s忍為是低頻發射模組的組成部分，讀卡器中的第—主声理 :、射頻收發電路和射頻天線可以認為是讀卡器中二 槟組的組成部分；移動射頻裝置中的低頻磁感應電路、 低頻放大電路和門限判斷及解調電路可簡為是低頻接收 模_組成部分，移動射頻裝置中的第二主處理器、射頻 收發電路、射頻天線可以認為是移動射頻裝置巾射頻收發 模組的組成部分。 優選地，在上述具體實現電路中，低頻發射線圈可以 為漆包線線圈或PCB線圈。進—步地，低頻發射線圈的阻 數可以大於1G圈。優選地，低頻發射線圈的®數為50〜500 圈。優選地，低頻發射線圈内填塞有鐵氧體磁芯或鐵芯。 優選地’低頻發射線圈所包圍面積的截面最寬處大於移動 射頻終端的戴面寬度。優選地’低頻發射線圈所包圍面積 的截面至少包含直徑3咖的圓形區域或者3cm*3cm的方形 區域。 優選地，上述的低頻磁感電路可以為pCB線圈、漆包線 線圈、霍爾器件或巨磁阻器件。 本發明中，移動射頻裝置可以置於移動終端中，也可 以置於移動終端内的SIM卡、UIM卡、usim卡、TF卡或SD 卡中。其中，移動終端可以為手機、個人數位助理pDA或 26 201238272 筆記型電腦等。 下面對本發明近距離通信系統的原理進行說明. 1 '系統無校準工作的最高頻率f〇的選定方法及事置在 前述近距離通信方法的内容中已有闡述，此處不再賢述. 2、距離測量和控制實現原理如下： ' * ^ ^ ^ -1 ^ ^ ^ ^ 斷的迴圈發送不高於選定頻率f0的低頻交變磁場信號，唁 信號中以調製或直接基帶傳送的方式攜帶資料幀， 内包含讀卡器的唯-識別碼Idr (當然也可以是其他 識資訊>當裝載有移動射縣置的移動終端置於= 圍，低頻交Μ場信號穿透鱗端到 °周 裝置，移㈣《置在各_點±檢_=2動射頻 =離對應的幅度恆定的的電壓信號,當電壓 卡距離範圍，不允許刷卡；春 八有效刷 接收電壓門限值Vt，表示終:進入“：度高於卡内預設的 應電路、低頻放大電路和門限判斷及解⑴=低頻磁感 裎，得到讀卡器的唯-標識碼IDr。另欠動解碼過 置内磁場轉換後的電壓信號與 —方面’移動射頻裝 的距離存在——對應關係移軸縣置之間 定’根據該對應_，可^ 化曲線確 讀卡器之間的距離，從而二電壓確定移動射頻裝置與 的距離。vt和發射參數的料是了軸一與讀卡器 疋-人工作’一旦設定在使 27 201238272 用中無需更改。 3、 移動射頻裝置接入讀卡器的過程原理： 移動射頻裝置接入讀卡器主要包含讀卡器和移動射頻 裝置的唯一綁定過程。這裡舉例說明該綁定過程：移動射 頻裝置中從低頻信號中解出讀卡器唯一識別碼IDr後傳送 到移動射頻裝置内的第二主處理模組，該第二主處理模組 將移動射頻裝置的唯一識別碼IDc連同收到的IDr一起，通 過RF收發模組發送給讀卡器，讀卡器收到移動射頻裝置返 回的(IDr，IDc)後，確認識別碼為IDc的移動射頻裝置正確的 返回了讀卡器的識別碼IDr，是本次交易的唯一通訊終端。 由於IDr編碼保證了該讀卡器周圍其它讀卡器的識別碼在 該時刻不相同’因此識別碼為IDc的移動射頻裝置嫁認了其 與識別碼為IDr的讀卡器建立了唯一的通訊。至此，移動射 頻裝置和讀卡器實現了唯一綁定，雙方通過(IDr，Idc)組合 位址唯一的識別對方。綁定後的通訊過程採用尺!；通道進行 交互不會產生錯誤。移動射頻裝置接入成功後，距離控制 過程完成，可在RF通道上進行後續的交易過程，直至交易 結束。 4、 交易過程： 讀卡器和移動射頻裝置通過尺|7通道建立了可靠的唯一 通訊键路，在該鏈路基礎上，雙方可以實現交易所需的身 份認證及其他交易所需的過程。所有這些過程均通過快速 的RF通道完成，由於前述過程的完成保證了只能在預定的 距離範圍内完成接入，因此整個交易過程也是在限定範圍 28 201238272 内的近距離通訊。 下面通過實施例對本發明作進一步說明。 第8圖為本發明實施例中近距離通信系統的結構圖。如 第8圖所示，該系統由2部分組成：讀卡器袭置⑽和移動射° 頻裝置2GG，該移動射縣在移動終端内部並通 過移動終端通訊介面與終端交互。 讀卡器⑽由下述模組組成：第一主處理器ι〇ι，負責 讀卡器低頻及高頻的控制及其他協議處理，第一主處理器 ⑻通過介面電賴2或直接連接·部通訊介面；編= 路108 ’負責將低頻幀資料進行逐比特編碼，調製電路〖ο? 負賣將編碼輸出的符號流對載波進行調製形成調製信號送 給驅動電路106,不需要調製時編碼後的信號直接送給驅動 電路106 ;驅動電路106，負責驅動低頻發射線圈1〇5，產生 低頻交變磁場301 ;由低頻發射線圈105、驅動電路1〇6、調 製電路107及編碼電路1〇8構成的低頻發射模組，其發射場 強值可更改並設定；低頻發射線圈通常由較多匝數特定 形狀的線圈構成；RF收發電路1〇3，通過rf天線104接收及 發射RF信號。 移動射頻裝置由下述模組組成：第二主處理器2(Π，負 責低頻及射頻模組的控制及其他協定處理，也負責和移動 終端的通訊；SIM/TF/SD卡模組202為移動終端的 SIM/TF/SD卡本體模組，具體何種模組由卡類型確定；低頻 磁感應電路207，由PCB線圈、漆包線線圈、霍爾器件或其 他能感應磁場變化的電路元件構成，負責感應低頻交變磁 29 201238272 號3G1並轉換為電信號；低頻放大電路施 負責放大低 頻磁感應電路檢測到的電信號得到低頻磁檢測電壓信號 門限判斷及解調電路2〇5，負責對低頻磁檢測電壓信 號303按照預設的門㈣進行韻，未達到Η㈣不解調也 ，允中刷卡，達到門限％對信號進行解調，解調後的信號 :給第-主處理器2()1 ;灯收發電路2()3通過RF天線2〇4負 貝與讀卡器的RF收發模組完成RF雙向通訊。 系、.先通過預先设定好的門限判定方法來完成無需校準 的距離檢測和控制，即S|_^1QG按照預設的發射參數發射 低頻交變磁場信號301 ’移動射縣置200接收該磁場信號 轉換為低頻磁檢測電壓信號303，並通過預先設定的門限vt 來判斷終ϋ而疋否進人預先設定的有效距離區間，該門限 對所有終端相同’無需針對*同終端修改(即所謂校準）。通 過低頻單向通訊和RF雙㈣減合时絲完成讀卡器 1_口移動射頻裝置200的唯-綁定，即讀卡器1〇〇利用低頻 單向通道將自身唯-標識IDl•傳給移動射頻裝置·，移動 射頻裝置200通過射頻雙向通道將卡自身唯—標識取附加 在IDr後回傳給讀卡器酬，讀卡器⑽比較回傳似的正確 性，進而實現了讀卡器100與移動射頻農置2〇〇的唯一綁 定。較之後通過射頻通道來完成雙向㈣速大資料量的 通訊。 本實施例中’近距離通信系統的具體工作流程如下： (一）首先’選定系統工作的基本參數，包括RF頻點， 無校準低頻獅fG，讀卡ϋ發射參數，料射頻裝置的接 30 201238272 收電壓門限vt。 1 · RF頻點選擇 上述RF通訊的頻點通常採用2400〜2483MH 2.4G ISM 頻段’以實現高迷的通訊和對終端的良好穿透性，也可以 採用其它頻點’例如433MHz，9〇〇mHz，5GHz等。 2·無校準低頻頻點f0選擇 採用前述方法確定系統低頻無校準工作頻點f〇，對於 典型的GSM移動通訊終端，要實現〇〜1〇cm範圍的距離控 制’ f〇頻點通常小於10KHz，典型值包括500Hz，1KHz， 1·5ΚΗζ ’ 2KHz，2.5KHz，3KHz，5KHz等。 3·讀卡器發射參數的選擇 發射參數主要包括調製方式、編碼方式及發射磁感應 強度幅值Br。 第9圖為讀卡器低頻發射部分示意圖。參見第8圖，讀 卡器低頻發射電路由驅動電路106、調製電路1〇7及編碼電 路108構成的，驅動電路106驅動的低頻調製信號輸出到低 頻發射線圈105。 調製電路1〇7可以採用多種調製方式： 1) 載波調製方式調製：編碼電路108產生的基帶信號 通過調製電路107對載波進行調製，載波可以為正弦波、方 波及三角波等’調製可以採用開關頻移鍵控〇〇Κ、相移鍵 控、頻移鍵控FSK等’調製後的信號通過驅動電路1〇6載入 到低頻發射線圈105上； 2) 無載波直接基帶發射：編碼電路log產生的基帶信 31 201238272 號’通過驅動電路106直接載入到低頻發射線圈ι〇5上； 3)其他調製方式：由於本發㈣統採用Η限判斷的方 式進行距離控制’因此調製方式不宜細幅度調製，凡是 發送過程巾夠保持移動射頻裝置崎測電壓幅度基本怪 定的調製方式均可以驗本發_近輯通信系統； 編碼電路108可以採用多種編碼方式： 1) 曼徹斯特編碼：比特丨編碼為兩個符號〇1，比特〇編 碼為10。 2) 差刀曼徹斯特編碼：有兩種比特符號序列：w及 1(^’比特1編碼為與上一符號序列不㈤，比特〇則相同，或 者反過來編碼亦可。 3) 其他編碼方式：由於本發明系統採用門限判斷的方 式進行距離控制，因此低頻調製信號必須保持均值穩定， 編碼後的序列不能含有直流分量’凡是編碼後平均直流分 量為零的編碼方式均可以用於本發明的近距離通信系統。 確疋好調製方式和編碼方式後，採用前述方法，確定 賣卡器發射磁感應強度幅值Br。調整Br的過程實際上是調 整線圈ϋ數，線徑，形狀等參數的過程。 4·移動射頻裝置接收電壓門限Vt的選擇 抓用前述方法確定卡接收門限電壓Vt。 上述參數的選定是一次性的，一旦選定，工作中無需 改變。 … (一）其次’工作參數確定後的系統工作流程如下： 步驟A100 :距離測量和控制過程。讀卡器1〇〇的第一主 32 201238272 處理器101產生包含讀卡器的唯一識別碼IDr的資料幀，送 給編碼電路108完成編碼，編碼後的信號通過調製電路1〇7 調製或不經調製直接送給驅動電路106,調製電壓送給低頻 發射線圈105發射，通過預先設定好框架格式、調製編碼方 式及驅動能力，發射線圈105以設定的強度Br持續不斷的按 照上述框架格式迴圈發送指定參數的低頻交變磁場信號 30卜當移動終端置於讀卡器周圍，低頻交變磁磁場信號301 穿透該終端到達内部的移動射頻裝置2〇〇，移動射頻裝置 200内的低頻磁感應電路2〇7檢測到低頻磁信號，轉換為電 k唬後經低頻放大電路2〇6放大後得到低頻磁檢測電壓 303，當電壓的幅度小於（或大於)於預設的接收電壓門限值The final 妓B of the mobile RF device, 嘀疋 does not enter the preset effective distance interval, the voltage threshold Vt for the radix 1 I have all the same desires for the mobile RF device; the mobile RF device returns to the field # ^ ^ _ ^ π is used to obtain the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal from 24 201238272 when the voltage signal corresponding to the received low-frequency alternating magnetic field is greater than the beta magnetic (10) and 4 is found at the preset voltage threshold Vt. The identification information of the card reader is transmitted to the card reader through the RF channel together with its own identity information; the mobile radio device is also used for card transaction with the card reader through the RF channel. The identity information may be the identification code 10. It can be seen from the above that the card reader in the short-range communication system of the present invention has two basic functions of a low-frequency transmitting function and a radio frequency transceiving function, and the card reader in the short-range communication system of the present invention has a low-frequency transmitting module and a radio frequency. Two basic modules of the transceiver module; the mobile radio device in the short-range communication system of the present invention has two basic functions of a low frequency receiving function and a radio frequency transceiving function. It can also be said that the mobile radio frequency device in the short-range communication system of the present invention has Two basic modules, such as a low frequency receiving module and a radio frequency transceiver module. Further, the above-mentioned short-range communication system may be implemented by a specific circuit: the card reader includes at least one low-frequency transmitting coil, at least one driving circuit, at least one encoding circuit, at least one first main processor, and at least one radio frequency transceiver The circuit and the at least one radio frequency antenna, wherein the low frequency transmitting coil, the driving circuit, the encoding circuit, the first main processor, the radio frequency transceiver circuit, the radio frequency antenna, and the serial connection in series; the mobile radio frequency device comprises at least one low frequency magnetic induction circuit, at least one low frequency amplification a circuit, at least one threshold determination and demodulation circuit, at least one second main processor, at least one radio frequency transceiver circuit, and at least one radio frequency antenna, wherein the low frequency magnetic induction circuit, the low frequency amplification circuit, the threshold determination and demodulation circuit, and the second main The processor, the RF transceiver circuit, and the RF antenna are connected in series in series. Preferably, a modulation circuit may be further provided in the above-mentioned specific implementation circuit between the driver circuit and the encoding circuit of the 25 201238272 card reader. In the above specific implementation circuit, the low frequency transmitting coil, the driving circuit and the encoding circuit (with modulated electric material, and also the modulation circuit) in the card reader can be tolerated as a component of the low frequency transmitting module, in the card reader The first main sound: the RF transceiver circuit and the RF antenna can be considered as the components of the two Penang group in the card reader; the low frequency magnetic induction circuit, the low frequency amplification circuit and the threshold judgment and demodulation circuit in the mobile RF device can be simply The low frequency receiving mode _ component, the second main processor, the radio frequency transceiver circuit and the radio frequency antenna in the mobile radio device can be considered as a component of the radio frequency transceiver module of the mobile radio device. Preferably, in the above specific implementation circuit, the low frequency transmitting coil may be an enameled wire coil or a PCB coil. Further, the resistance of the low frequency transmitting coil can be greater than 1G. Preferably, the number of the low frequency transmitting coils is 50 to 500 turns. Preferably, the low frequency transmitting coil is packed with a ferrite core or a core. Preferably, the section of the area enclosed by the low frequency transmitting coil is at the widest point than the width of the wearing surface of the mobile radio frequency terminal. Preferably, the section of the area enclosed by the low frequency transmitting coil comprises at least a circular area of 3 coffee in diameter or a square area of 3 cm * 3 cm. Preferably, the low frequency magnetic induction circuit described above may be a pCB coil, an enameled wire coil, a Hall device or a giant magnetoresistive device. In the present invention, the mobile radio frequency device can be placed in the mobile terminal, or can be placed in a SIM card, a UIM card, a usim card, a TF card or an SD card in the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal can be a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant pDA or a 26 201238272 notebook computer. The principle of the short-range communication system of the present invention will be described below. 1 'The selection method and the event of the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work have been described in the content of the aforementioned short-range communication method, and will not be described here. 2 The principle of distance measurement and control is as follows: ' * ^ ^ ^ -1 ^ ^ ^ ^ The closed loop sends a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal that is not higher than the selected frequency f0, and the chirp signal is carried by modulation or direct baseband transmission. The data frame contains the unique identification code Idr of the card reader (of course, it can also be other information). When the mobile terminal loaded with the mobile shooting county is placed in the vicinity, the low frequency cross field signal penetrates the scale end to ° Week device, shift (four) "set at each _ point ± check _ = 2 moving RF = a constant voltage signal from the corresponding amplitude, when the voltage card distance range, is not allowed to swipe; spring eight effective brush receiving voltage threshold Vt, indicating End: Enter ": The degree is higher than the default circuit in the card, the low-frequency amplifier circuit and the threshold judgment and solution (1) = low-frequency magnetic 裎, get the card-only identification code IDr. Another under-decoded over-internal magnetic field Converted voltage signal and - aspect 'The distance of the mobile radio frequency installation exists - the corresponding relationship between the shift axis and the county is set according to the corresponding _, the curve can be determined to determine the distance between the readers, so that the two voltages determine the distance between the mobile radio device. vt and The parameters of the transmitting parameters are the axis one and the card reader 疋-person work' once it is set to make the 27 201238272 need not be changed. 3. The process principle of the mobile RF device accessing the card reader: The mobile radio device is connected to the card reader It mainly includes the unique binding process of the card reader and the mobile radio device. Here, the binding process is illustrated: the mobile radio device removes the card reader unique identification code IDr from the low frequency signal and transmits it to the second in the mobile radio device. a main processing module, the second main processing module sends the unique identification code IDc of the mobile radio device together with the received IDr to the card reader through the RF transceiver module, and the card reader receives the return from the mobile radio device ( After IDr, IDc), the mobile radio device confirming that the identification code is IDc correctly returns the identifier IDr of the card reader, which is the only communication terminal of the transaction. The IDr code ensures the card reading. The identification codes of other card readers around are not the same at this moment. Therefore, the mobile radio device with IDc ID has been convinced that it has unique communication with the card reader whose ID code is IDr. At this point, the mobile radio device and the card reader The device implements unique binding, and the two parties uniquely identify each other through the (IDr, Idc) combination address. The communication process after binding is ruled! The channel interaction does not generate an error. After the mobile radio device is successfully accessed, the distance control The process is completed, and the subsequent transaction process can be carried out on the RF channel until the end of the transaction. 4. Transaction process: The card reader and the mobile radio device establish a reliable unique communication key through the ruler|7 channel, based on the link. Both parties can implement the process required for identity authentication and other transactions required for the transaction. All of these processes are performed via a fast RF channel. Since the completion of the aforementioned process ensures that access is only possible within a predetermined distance, the entire transaction process is also within close range communication 28 201238272. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Figure 8 is a structural diagram of a short-range communication system in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 8, the system consists of two parts: a card reader (10) and a mobile radio frequency device 2GG, which interacts with the terminal through the mobile terminal communication interface inside the mobile terminal. The card reader (10) is composed of the following modules: the first main processor ι〇ι, which is responsible for the low frequency and high frequency control of the card reader and other protocol processing, and the first main processor (8) is connected or directly connected through the interface. Partial communication interface; edit = road 108 'Responsible for bit-by-bit encoding of low-frequency frame data, modulation circuit 〖ο? Negative selling the coded output of the symbol stream to modulate the carrier to form a modulated signal to the driver circuit 106, without modulation The subsequent signal is directly sent to the driving circuit 106. The driving circuit 106 is responsible for driving the low frequency transmitting coil 1〇5 to generate the low frequency alternating magnetic field 301. The low frequency transmitting coil 105, the driving circuit 1〇6, the modulation circuit 107 and the encoding circuit 1〇 The low frequency transmitting module formed by 8 can change and set the transmitting field strength value; the low frequency transmitting coil is usually composed of a plurality of turns of a specific shape; the RF transmitting and receiving circuit 1〇3 receives and transmits the RF signal through the rf antenna 104. The mobile radio device is composed of the following modules: a second main processor 2 (Π, which is responsible for the control of low frequency and radio frequency modules and other protocol processing, and is also responsible for communication with the mobile terminal; the SIM/TF/SD card module 202 is The SIM/TF/SD card body module of the mobile terminal, which module is determined by the card type; the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 207 is composed of a PCB coil, an enameled wire coil, a Hall device or other circuit components capable of sensing a magnetic field change, and is responsible for Inductive low frequency alternating magnetic 29 201238272 3G1 and converted into electrical signal; low frequency amplifying circuit is responsible for amplifying the electrical signal detected by the low frequency magnetic induction circuit to obtain low frequency magnetic detection voltage signal threshold judgment and demodulation circuit 2〇5, responsible for low frequency magnetic detection The voltage signal 303 performs rhyme according to the preset gate (4), does not reach Η (4) does not demodulate, and allows the card to be swiped, reaches the threshold % to demodulate the signal, and demodulates the signal: to the first main processor 2 () 1; The lamp transceiver circuit 2()3 completes the RF bidirectional communication through the RF antenna 2〇4 negative and the RF transceiver module of the card reader. The system first completes the distance without calibration by a preset threshold determination method. The measurement and control, that is, S|_^1QG transmits a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal 301 according to a preset transmission parameter. The mobile shooting county 200 receives the magnetic field signal and converts it into a low-frequency magnetic detecting voltage signal 303, and passes a preset threshold vt. Judging whether or not to enter the pre-set effective distance interval, the threshold is the same for all terminals. No need to modify the same terminal (so-called calibration). The card is completed by low-frequency one-way communication and RF double (four) reduction. The only binding of the mobile radio device 200 is that the card reader 1 transmits the self-identification ID1 to the mobile radio device using the low frequency unidirectional channel, and the mobile radio device 200 transmits the card through the radio frequency bidirectional channel. The self-only identifier is added to the IDr and sent back to the card reader, and the card reader (10) compares the correctness of the return, thereby realizing the unique binding of the card reader 100 and the mobile RF farmer. Then, the bidirectional (four) speed and large amount of data communication is completed through the radio frequency channel. The specific working process of the 'near distance communication system in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Firstly, the basic parameters of the system operation, including the RF frequency point, are selected. , No calibration low frequency lion fG, reading card ϋ transmission parameters, material RF device connection 30 201238272 voltage threshold vt. 1 · RF frequency point selection The frequency of the above RF communication is usually 2400~2483MH 2.4G ISM band 'to achieve high For the communication and the good penetration of the terminal, other frequency points can be used, such as 433MHz, 9〇〇mHz, 5GHz, etc. 2. The non-calibrated low-frequency frequency f0 is selected to determine the system low-frequency uncalibrated working frequency by the above method. F〇, for a typical GSM mobile communication terminal, to achieve distance control in the range of 〇~1〇cm, 'f〇 frequency is usually less than 10KHz, typical values include 500Hz, 1KHz, 1·5ΚΗζ ' 2KHz, 2.5KHz, 3KHz, 5KHz Wait. 3. Selection of the transmission parameters of the reader The transmission parameters mainly include the modulation mode, the coding mode and the amplitude of the transmitted magnetic induction intensity Br. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the low frequency transmitting part of the card reader. Referring to Fig. 8, the low frequency transmitting circuit of the card reader is composed of a driving circuit 106, a modulation circuit 1?7 and an encoding circuit 108, and the low frequency modulated signal driven by the driving circuit 106 is output to the low frequency transmitting coil 105. The modulation circuit 1〇7 can adopt various modulation methods: 1) Carrier modulation mode modulation: the baseband signal generated by the coding circuit 108 is modulated by the modulation circuit 107, and the carrier can be sine wave, square wave and triangle wave, etc. The 'modulated signal' such as shift keying, phase shift keying, frequency shift keying FSK, etc. is loaded onto the low frequency transmitting coil 105 through the driving circuit 1〇6; 2) no carrier direct baseband transmission: encoding circuit log generation The baseband letter 31 201238272 'is directly loaded into the low-frequency transmitting coil ι〇5 through the driving circuit 106; 3) Other modulation modes: Since the present invention (4) uses the method of threshold determination to perform distance control, the modulation mode should not be fine. Modulation, any transmission method that can keep the amplitude of the mobile RF device's measured voltage amplitude is basically ambiguous. The encoding circuit 108 can adopt multiple encoding methods: 1) Manchester encoding: Bit encoding is The two symbols are 〇1 and the bit 〇 is encoded as 10. 2) Differential Knife Manchester coding: There are two bit symbol sequences: w and 1 (^' bit 1 code is not the same as the previous symbol sequence (5), bit 〇 is the same, or vice versa. 3) Other coding methods: Since the system of the present invention uses the threshold judgment method for distance control, the low frequency modulated signal must be kept stable, and the encoded sequence cannot contain the DC component. Any encoding method in which the average DC component is zero after encoding can be used in the present invention. Distance communication system. After confirming the modulation mode and the coding mode, the above method is used to determine the amplitude of the magnetic induction intensity Br of the card seller. The process of adjusting Br is actually a process of adjusting parameters such as turns, wire diameter, and shape of the coil. 4. Selection of the receiving voltage threshold Vt of the mobile radio device The following method is used to determine the card receiving threshold voltage Vt. The selection of the above parameters is one-off. Once selected, there is no need to change the work. (1) The system workflow after the next 'work parameters' is determined as follows: Step A100: Distance measurement and control process. The first main 32 of the card reader 1 201238272 processor 101 generates a data frame containing the unique identification code IDr of the card reader, and sends it to the encoding circuit 108 for encoding. The encoded signal is modulated by the modulation circuit 1〇7 or not. The modulation voltage is directly sent to the driving circuit 106, and the modulation voltage is sent to the low-frequency transmitting coil 105 for transmission. By pre-setting the frame format, modulation and coding mode and driving capability, the transmitting coil 105 continuously circulates according to the frame format with the set intensity Br. Sending the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal 30 of the specified parameter. When the mobile terminal is placed around the card reader, the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal 301 penetrates the terminal to reach the internal mobile radio frequency device 2, and the low frequency magnetic induction in the mobile radio device 200 is moved. The circuit 2〇7 detects the low frequency magnetic signal, converts it into electric k唬, and then amplifies the low frequency magnetic detection voltage 303 through the low frequency amplifying circuit 2〇6, when the amplitude of the voltage is less than (or greater than) the preset receiving voltage threshold.
Vt ’不允許刷卡；當電壓的幅度大於等於於（或小於等於) 預設的接收電壓門限值Vt，表示終端進入讀卡器預定的有 效刷卡範圍’㈣接收電路啟動解碼過程，得到讀卡器的 唯一標識碼1Dr。另一方面，所述移動射頻裝置内磁場轉換 後的電壓彳5號與讀卡器和移動射頻裝置之間的距離存在一 對應關係，該關係由電壓-距離變化曲線碟定，根據該對 應關係，可以由該電壓確定移動射頻裝置與讀卡器的距 從而間接的確定了移動終端與讀卡器的距離。上述門 a 十所有終端均相同，無需針對每個終踹修正，也就 =無㈤知道校準，從而上述過程是-種無需校準的距離測 里及控制過程. 乂驟AlG〇中的框架格式定義如下： 第10圖為讀卡器低頻數據框架格式示意圖，如第10圖 33 201238272 所示，讀卡器低頻資料幀每幀分為如下域： 同步碼：8比特，通常為FFH，用於幀同步； 控制域：8比特，用於提供幀資料的解幀資訊，如長度， 資料類型等，可留保留位用於擴展； IDr : N比特，讀卡器唯一識別碼，由控制域指定； CRC :對控制域，IDr進行校驗，可採用CRC校驗 其他方式。 — 上面所述框架格式僅作為一種示例，不限制本發明實 際採用的_格式，原則上任何包含能唯-識別讀卡器的 框架格式均可制。唯—識別碼可制足夠長度的亂數， 也可採用所有讀卡器人卫分配唯—仙方式，或其他方式 產生的識別碼。 步驟A200 :移動射頻裝置接入讀卡器的過程：移動射 頻裝置接人3賣卡益主要包含讀卡器刚和移動射頻裝置細 的唯一綁疋過程’實際上表示讀卡器和移動射頻裝置所在 移動終端的唯-綁定過程。移動射頻裝置細内部低頻接收 電路解出讀卡$唯—制碼Idr後傳送到移動射頻裝置内第 -主處理器20卜該模組將移動射頻裝置自身的唯一識別碼Vt 'not allowed to swipe; when the magnitude of the voltage is greater than or equal to (or less than or equal to) the preset receiving voltage threshold Vt, indicating that the terminal enters the card reader's predetermined effective card swipe range' (4) The receiving circuit initiates the decoding process to obtain the card reader Unique identification code 1Dr. On the other hand, there is a corresponding relationship between the voltage 彳5 after the magnetic field conversion in the mobile radio frequency device and the distance between the card reader and the mobile radio device, and the relationship is determined by the voltage-distance curve, according to the correspondence The distance between the mobile radio device and the card reader can be determined by the voltage to indirectly determine the distance between the mobile terminal and the card reader. All the terminals of the above door a are the same, no need to correct for each terminal, that is, no (five) know the calibration, so the above process is a kind of distance measurement and control process without calibration. Step frame definition in AlG〇 As shown in the following figure: Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the format of the low-frequency data frame of the card reader. As shown in Figure 10, Figure 33, 201238272, the low-frequency data frame of the reader is divided into the following fields: Synchronization code: 8 bits, usually FFH, for frames Synchronization; Control field: 8 bits, used to provide de-frame information of frame data, such as length, data type, etc., can be reserved for expansion; IDr: N-bit, reader unique identification code, specified by the control domain; CRC: Check the control domain and IDr, and use CRC to check other methods. - The frame format described above is only an example and does not limit the _ format actually employed by the present invention. In principle, any frame format including a unique-identifying card reader can be implemented. Only the identification code can make a random number of sufficient length, and can also be used by all readers to assign a unique method, or other forms of identification code. Step A200: The process of the mobile radio device accessing the card reader: the mobile radio device accessing the card 3 mainly includes the card reader and the mobile cell device being the only unique kidnapping process 'actually indicating the card reader and the mobile radio device The unique-binding process of the mobile terminal. The mobile radio frequency device fine internal low frequency receiving circuit solves the reading card and only transmits the code Idr to the mobile radio device. The main processor 20 will move the radio frequency device's own unique identification code.
Idc連同收到的idr_ 内RF收發電路 起，通過移動射頻裝置 2〇3和職線綱發送給讀卡_，讀卡器㈣職請 和RF收«路1〇4收到移動射頻裝置返回的㈣，_後， 傳送給第—主處理㈣1處理，第-主處理確認識別 碼為1DC的移動射頻裝置正確的返回了讀卡器IDr，是本次 交易的唯-通訊終端。由於取編碼保證了該讀卡器周圍其 34 201238272 匕項卡器的4別碼在該時刻不相同，因此識別碼為IDc的卡 確β 了其與識別碼為IDr的讀卡器建立了唯__的通訊。至 此’移動射頻裝置和讀卡n實現了唯—綁定雙方通過叩r，Idc, together with the received RF transceiver circuit in idr_, is sent to the card reader via the mobile radio device 2〇3 and the job line. The card reader (4) and the RF receiver «1〇4 receive the return from the mobile radio device. (4) After _, it is transmitted to the first-main processing (four)1 processing, and the mobile-radio device with the first-main processing confirmation ID of 1DC correctly returns the card reader IDr, which is the only communication terminal of the transaction. Since the encoding ensures that the 4 code of the 34 201238272 card reader around the card reader is different at this moment, the card whose ID is IDc is β and the card reader with the ID ID is established. __ communication. At this point, the mobile radio device and the card reader n realize that only the two sides of the binding pass 叩r,
Idc)& α位址唯—的識別對方。綁定後的通訊過程採用 通道進订父互不會產生錯誤。移動射頻裝置成功接入讀卡 器後，距離控制過程完成，可在RF通道上進行後續的交易 過程； 步驟A2GG巾的移動射職置唯-制碼IDe，是預先存 儲在移動射頻裝置内非動態記憶體内（NVM)的唯一識別 碼，或者是由移動射頻裝置内產生的足夠長的的亂數。 步驟A30〇 :交易過程。讀卡器100和移動射頻裝置200 通過RF通道建立了可靠的唯一通訊鏈路，在該鏈路基礎 上，雙方可以實現交易所需的身份認證及其他交易所需的 過程。所有這些過程均通過快速的rF通道完成，直至本次 交易結束。由於前述步驟入100〜人2〇〇的完成保證了移動射 頻裝置200只能在預定的距離範圍内完成接入，因此整個交 易過程也是在限定距離範圍内才能完成交易。交易過程是 成熟的POS機處理流程，本發明不做詳細描述。 移動射頻裝置200中低頻信號檢測電路207通常可以用 PCB線圈、漆包線線圈或霍爾器件構成，該檢測電路並不 僅限於用這幾種元件，原則上任何能將磁場變化轉變為電 信號的感測器都可以用於該模組，唯一的限制是能放人+ 内部。 本發明系統利用低頻交變磁場實現距離檢測和控制， 35 201238272 並貫現抖n和移動射縣置的單向通訊，利卿通道社 合低頻通訊實現終端的可#綁定，同時利聊通道實㈣ 卡器和移動射職置之間高速的資料通訊4具有如下特 點點]•可以無需改造移動終端，只需更換終端内部的_ 卡/TF/SD卡，即可實現可㈣雙向距離通訊；2讀卡琴發 射低頻交變磁場«，移動㈣裝置只f接收該磁場作 號’由於是單向通訊，並無需讀卡器通過磁場提供能量， 因此可以將接收線圈或其他接收電路小型化足以將移動 射頻裝置放入S!M卡/TF/SD卡内；3·由於接收信號較弱，移 動射頻裝置内需要增加放大電路。另外移動射頻裝置内同 時放置RF收發電路，與讀卡器内的尺!；收發電路實現雙向高 速通訊，如前面所述，RF電路的天線很小，可以輕易的集 成到SIM卡/TF/SD卡内。 依照本發明所述方法選定的頻點f〇 ’系統在該頻點以下 工作無需校準’作為一種擴展，系統工作在f〇頻點以上， 也不是絕對不行，可能的效果是性能降低，距離控制的精 度降低，同時可能需要輔以簡單的校準，這些應用並不與 本發明所述原則從根本上衝突，只是一種性能改變的延伸 應用。 本發明近距離通信系統實現了含有移動射頻裝置的射 頻通信終端（如裝有射頻SIM卡的手機）與讀卡器的資料通 信距離(也即交易距離)可靠地控制在規定範圍内，並且無需 對終端進行校準。 採用本發明所述的系統和方法’選擇合適的無校準工 36 201238272 職㈣的低齡_場進行距 控制，移動炊# ^ 標所要求的影響可以減小到距離控制目 、 錢從而實現無校準輯控制。第 圈接收電路放入各種移動終端内，用信號源通過 、，線圈發射怪定1KHz磁場條件下測試的電壓距 曲線。如第1 1闻— β 圖所不，為系統在IKHz頻率下多個典型終端 2堡距離曲線實例。其巾信號強度值是接收天線感應電 丄過必要的放大後的值，放大倍數保持恆定，只需關注 ，度1^距離的相對變化。從第11圖可以看出，終端之間的 琢強差異<5dB ’而各終端在丨〜⑺⑽範圍的場強變化範圍 達相dB ’不考慮讀卡器發射場強波動及移動射頻裝置檢 測電路的誤差，移動_裝置端制統—的門㈣來判斷各 終端是否在目標距離範圍之内’距離控制的誤差在終端之間 的差異大致為lem範圍，完全滿足無校準距_制的要求。 射頻1C卡、射頻存儲卡 作為近距離通信的一方，移動射頻裝置通常是置於移 動終端内的IC卡(例如SIM卡、UIM卡、USIM卡等）或存儲 卡（例如TF卡、SD卡、MMC (Multi Media Card，多媒體卡) 卡等）中’我們將置有移動射頻裝置的IC卡和存儲卡分別稱 為射頻1C卡和射頻存儲卡。 第12圖為本發明實施例中射頻IC卡的結構圖。如第 圖所示’本實_中’射親卡議由移動射頻裝置和 sm/mM/uszM卡模組（可以統稱為IC卡模組）12〇2以及介 面模組1207組成。第12圖中，移動射頻裝置包括至少一個 37 201238272 低頻磁感應電路1206、至少一個低頻放大電路1215、至少 一個比較電路1225、至少一個解調電路1235、至少一個解 碼電路1245、至少一個第二主處理器1201、至少一個RF(射 頻）收發電路1203和至少一個RF(射頻）天線1204，其中低頻 磁感應電路1206、低頻放大電路1215、比較電路1225、解 調電路1235、解碼電路1245、第二主處理器1201、RF收發 電路1203、RF天線1204順次串聯連接。其中，比較電路 1225、解調電路1235和解碼電路1245組成了移動射頻裝置 的門限判斷及解調電路。在本發明的其他實施例中，移動 射頻裝置的門限判斷及解調電路中也可以不包括解調電路 1235，而只由比較電路1225和解碼電路1245組成。第12圖 中，低頻放大電路1215、比較電路1225、解調電路1235和 解碼電路1245組成低頻信號接收及處理模組1205。其中， 第二主處理器1201與前述的移動射頻裝置中的第二主處理 器是相同的。其中，低頻磁感應電路1206、低頻放大電路 1215、門限判斷及解調電路（包括比較電路1225、解調電路 1235和解碼電路1245)組成的低頻接收鏈路工作於預先選 定的系統無校準工作的最高頻率f0以下的頻率。系統無校 準工作的最高頻率f0的確定方法前面已有闡述，此處不再 贅述。低頻接收鏈路將恆定幅度或微分幅度恆定的低頻交 變磁場經過磁電轉換得到幅度怪定的檢測電壓，該幅度的 誤差為dB。 通過選擇不同的低頻磁感應電路及低頻放大電路的放 大倍數可以選擇不同的低頻接收鏈路的體積，從而移動射 38 201238272 頻裝置可以選擇放入不同體積要求的載體中。若低頻磁感 應電路為線圈，則低頻接收鍵路的體積取決於低頻磁感應 電路轉換增益及低頻放大電路的放大倍數。磁電轉換增益 轉換公式為：K*A=Vt/B—RATEgate，其中B_RATEgate 為 磁感應強度變化率的門限值，磁感應強度變化率 B_RATE=dBr/dt，A為低頻放大電路的放大倍數，κ為低頻 磁感應電路轉換增益；低頻磁感應電路轉換增益與低頻放 大電路的放大倍數的乘積為與移動終端所應用的系統最遠 刷卡距離對應的系統預設值，最遠刷卡距離即在該距離處 讀卡器發射場強參數值為B_RATEgate，同時移動裝置内部 檢測電壓剛好為門限值Vt，此時允許刷卡，超過該距離發 射場強持續衰減並小於B_RATEgate，移動裝置内部檢測電 壓小於vt，不允許刷卡。上述關係式中Vt^B-RATEgate* 由系統確定的值，因此K*A值確定，線圈的體積主要由尺值 確定’線随數越多，κ越大，體積越大，A值的大小對低 頻放大電路的體積基本無影響，因此磁電轉換總增益在κ 和A之間的分配將決定低頻接收鏈路的體積。例如，如果移 動射頻裝置放置到SIM卡巾，選擇線數在丨〜观範圍 内容易放置it人卡㈣線圈體積’因此先確定了磁感應電 路轉換增益’再選擇低頻放大電路較大的增益即可。若移 動射頻裝Ϊ放置在終端线板上，這可以增大線圈阻數及 面積’放大器增益可降低，减是信軌有提升，壞處是 低頻接收魏體㈣大。憾磁錢魏為線圈時，低頻 接收鏈路的磁電轉換增ϋΑ*Κ為預設值的情況下，改變a和 39 201238272 κ的增益分配，可以改變低頻接收鏈路的體積及接收信號的 信噪比，增大Κ，減小A，體積增大，信噪比增大；減小Κ， 增大A，體積減小，信嗓比減小。 若磁感應電路為霍爾器件或巨磁阻器件，則低頻接收 鏈路的體積與所述低頻磁感應電路轉換增益及低頻放大電 路的放大倍數關係不大。 第12圖中，第二主處理器1201、SIM/UIM/ USIM卡模 組1202、RF收發模組1203、低頻信號接收及處理模組丨205、 介面模組1207可以由集成到一個IC(積體電路）内部的電路 及週邊無源器件組成，也可以任意組合進不同的ic内部 後’加上週邊無源器件組成。 其中，RF天線1204，不能集成到ic内部，可以使用pcb 天線，由PCB的鋼皮印製線路組成。 低頻磁感應電路1206用於接收低頻磁場信號，將低頻 磁場信號變換為對應的電壓信號後送給後面的低頻放大電 路1215。低頻磁感應電路1206可以由pCB線圈、漆包線線 圈、霍爾器件、巨磁阻器件等實現。一般情況下，低頻磁 感應電路1206輸出的信號1302與其所處環境的低頻磁場信 號強度佗號1301或者低頻磁場信號強度信號變化率13〇 ^之 間是固定的線性比例關係，即13〇2= 13〇1*κ，其中κ是常 數’ Κ取決於低頻磁感應電路遍的特性參數。低頻磁感應 電路1206輸出的信號13〇2可以是電壓信號，也可以是電流 等其他信號’-般情況下㈣服是轉㈣。如果低頻 磁感應電路12G6❹霍爾ϋ件或Ε雜器件構成，電壓信 40 201238272 號1302與低頻磁場信號強度1301成正比。如果低頻磁感應 電路1206使用PCB線圈或漆包線線圈構成，電壓信號1302 與低頻磁場信號強度信號變化率1301成正比。典型的天線 為沿卡片的最外圈N匝pcb銅皮組成的環狀微分幅度恆定感 應天線，輸出的是電壓信號1302。例如，應用於SIM卡的4 匝pcb銅皮線圈天線的一種結構如第13圖所示。 第二主處理器1201實現整個射頻IC+12〇〇的協調控制 處理，第二主處理器1201裡面含有各種控制硬體、程式模 組以及記憶體。第二主處理器1201由1C及週邊無源元件實 現’主要功能由1C實現’週邊元件只起輔助作用。 SIM/UIM/USIM卡模組1202與第二主處理器1201連 接，與第二主處理器1201之間有應用資料的交互。 SIM/UIM/USIM卡模組12〇2主要由1C實現。第二主處理器可 以與SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC卡中的處理器為同一共 用處理器。即用一個共用的處理器同時做第二處理器和 SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC卡中的處理器所要做的工作。 介面模組12〇7與第二主處理器12〇1連接，第二主處理 器1201通過介面模組1207與移動終端的通訊介面相連，並 與移動終端進行資料交互。介面模組1207由1C實現，一般 情況下第二主處理器1201和介面模組1207集成在同一片IC 内部。SIM/UIM/ USIM卡模組1202可以通過第二主處理器 1201以及介面模組1207與移動終端進行資料交互，完成應 有的功能。 低頻信號接收及處理模組1205與第二主處理器12〇 1連 41 201238272 接，也與低頻磁感應電路1206連接。低頻信號接收及處理 模組1205接收從低頻磁感應電路1206傳送過來的低頻磁場 信號1302，將低頻磁場信號1302放大A倍後得到信號1303， 即信號1303=A*信號302。低頻信號接收及處理模組1205比 較信號1303是否大於設定的門限Vt，並將比較結果發送給 第二主處理器1201。低頻信號接收及處理模組1205還將信 號1303中資料資訊解碼出來，送給第二主處理器1201。低 頻信號接收及處理模組1205接受第二主處理器1201的控 制，接收第二主處理器1201送過來的門限Vt等控制資訊。 RF收發電路1203與第二主處理器1201連接。RJ收發電 路1203與RF天線1204連接，通過RF天線1204收發空中的射 頻信號400。RF收發模組1203和RF天線1204—起在第二主 處理器1201的控制下，完成與讀卡器的射頻資料通訊。 低頻磁感應電路1206與低頻信號接收及處理模組1205 連接，接收空中讀卡器發射的低頻磁場信號13〇1，變換為 低頻磁場信號1302，送給低頻信號接收及處理模組丨？^進 行處理。 低頻信號接收及處理模組1205由低頻放大電路1215、 比車父電路1225、解碼電路1245、以及可選的解調電路1235 組成。解調電路1235可選，當對低頻磁場傳遞的數位信號 只進行基帶編碼而不進行調製解調時，不需要使用解調電 路1235，否則需要使用解調電路1235。 低頻放大電路1215接收低頻磁感應電路12〇6送來的低 頻磁場k號1302’將低頻磁場信號13〇2放大八倍後得到信號 42 201238272 1303。信號1303送給比較電路1225進行處理。信號1303還 送給解調電路1235進行處理’如果沒有解調電路1235 ’信 號1303直接送給解碼電路1245進行處理。允許刷卡的磁感 應強度門限Bgate或磁感應強度變化率門限B_RATEgate、低 頻磁感應電路1206的傳感係數K，低頻放大電路1215的放大 倍數A，設置的門限電壓信號Vt之間必須滿足下列關係，即Idc) & alpha address only - identify each other. After the binding communication process uses the channel to subscribe to the parent, no error is generated. After the mobile radio device successfully accesses the card reader, the distance control process is completed, and the subsequent transaction process can be performed on the RF channel; Step A2 GG towel mobile job placement only code IDe is pre-stored in the mobile radio device A unique identifier in the dynamic memory (NVM), or a sufficiently long random number generated by a mobile radio device. Step A30〇: The transaction process. The card reader 100 and the mobile radio device 200 establish a reliable unique communication link through the RF channel, on the basis of which the two parties can implement the authentication required for the transaction and the processes required for other transactions. All of these processes are done through the fast rF channel until the end of the transaction. Since the completion of the foregoing steps into 100~person 2〇〇 ensures that the mobile radio frequency device 200 can only complete access within a predetermined distance range, the entire transaction process is also within a limited distance to complete the transaction. The transaction process is a mature POS machine processing flow, which is not described in detail in the present invention. The low frequency signal detecting circuit 207 in the mobile radio frequency device 200 can generally be constructed by using a PCB coil, an enameled wire coil or a Hall device. The detecting circuit is not limited to the use of these components, and in principle any sensing capable of converting a magnetic field change into an electrical signal. The device can be used for this module, the only restriction is that it can be placed inside + inside. The system of the invention realizes the distance detection and control by using the low-frequency alternating magnetic field, 35 201238272 and realizes the one-way communication of the shaking n and the mobile shooting county, and the low-frequency communication of the Liqing channel realizes the binding of the terminal, and at the same time, the channel is discussed. Real (4) The high-speed data communication between the card device and the mobile shooting position has the following characteristics: • It can realize the (four) two-way distance communication without changing the mobile terminal, just by replacing the _ card/TF/SD card inside the terminal. 2 reading the karaoke to emit low-frequency alternating magnetic field «, moving (four) device only f receiving the magnetic field number 'Because it is one-way communication, and does not need the card reader to provide energy through the magnetic field, so the receiving coil or other receiving circuit can be miniaturized Sufficient to put the mobile RF device into the S!M card/TF/SD card; 3. Due to the weak received signal, the amplifier circuit needs to be added in the mobile RF device. In addition, the RF transceiver circuit is placed in the mobile RF device at the same time, and the ruler in the card reader! The transceiver circuit realizes two-way high-speed communication. As described above, the antenna of the RF circuit is small and can be easily integrated into the SIM card/TF/SD. Card inside. The frequency point f〇' system selected according to the method of the present invention does not need to be calibrated below the frequency point. As an extension, the system works above the frequency of f〇, and it is not absolutely impossible. The possible effect is performance degradation, distance control. The accuracy is reduced and may require a simple calibration. These applications do not fundamentally conflict with the principles described herein, but are an extended application of performance changes. The near field communication system of the invention realizes that the data communication distance (ie, the transaction distance) of the radio frequency communication terminal (such as the mobile phone equipped with the radio frequency SIM card) containing the mobile radio frequency device and the card reader is reliably controlled within the prescribed range, and Calibrate the terminal. Using the system and method of the present invention to select a suitable non-calibrator 36 201238272 job (four) of the young age _ field distance control, the impact of the mobile 炊 # ^ standard can be reduced to the distance control, money to achieve no calibration Control. The first loop receiving circuit is placed in various mobile terminals, and the voltage source is tested by the signal source, and the coil emits a voltage distance curve tested under a magnetic field of 1 KHz. For example, the 1st 1st-β graph is not an example of a system with multiple typical terminal 2 Fortitude distance curves at IKHz frequency. The towel signal strength value is the necessary amplified value of the receiving antenna induction motor, and the magnification is kept constant, and only the relative change of the distance is required. It can be seen from Fig. 11 that the marginal difference between the terminals is <5dB' and the field strength variation range of each terminal in the range of 丨~(7)(10) reaches the phase dB' regardless of the fluctuation of the field strength of the reader and the detection of the mobile radio device. The error of the circuit, the door of the mobile device-system (4) to determine whether each terminal is within the target distance range. The error of the distance control is roughly in the range of lem, which fully meets the requirements of the non-calibration distance system. . The radio frequency 1C card and the radio frequency memory card are used as one side of the short-range communication, and the mobile radio frequency device is usually an IC card (such as a SIM card, a UIM card, a USIM card, etc.) or a memory card (such as a TF card or an SD card) placed in the mobile terminal. In MMC (Multi Media Card), etc., we will refer to the IC card and memory card of the mobile radio device as the RF 1C card and RF memory card. Figure 12 is a structural diagram of a radio frequency IC card in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the 'real _ middle' shooting card is composed of a mobile radio device and a sm/mM/uszM card module (which can be collectively referred to as an IC card module) 12〇2 and a interface module 1207. In Fig. 12, the mobile radio frequency device includes at least one of the 2012 20122272 low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206, at least one low frequency amplification circuit 1215, at least one comparison circuit 1225, at least one demodulation circuit 1235, at least one decoding circuit 1245, and at least one second main processing. The device 1201, at least one RF (radio frequency) transceiver circuit 1203 and at least one RF (radio frequency) antenna 1204, wherein the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206, the low frequency amplification circuit 1215, the comparison circuit 1225, the demodulation circuit 1235, the decoding circuit 1245, and the second main processing The 1201, the RF transceiver circuit 1203, and the RF antenna 1204 are connected in series in series. The comparison circuit 1225, the demodulation circuit 1235 and the decoding circuit 1245 constitute a threshold determination and demodulation circuit of the mobile radio frequency device. In other embodiments of the present invention, the threshold determination and demodulation circuit of the mobile radio device may not include the demodulation circuit 1235, but only the comparison circuit 1225 and the decoding circuit 1245. In Fig. 12, the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, the comparing circuit 1225, the demodulating circuit 1235, and the decoding circuit 1245 constitute a low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205. The second main processor 1201 is the same as the second main processor in the aforementioned mobile radio frequency device. The low frequency receiving circuit composed of the low frequency magnetic sensing circuit 1206, the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, the threshold determining and demodulating circuit (including the comparing circuit 1225, the demodulating circuit 1235 and the decoding circuit 1245) operates in the highest selected system without calibration work. Frequency below f0. The method for determining the highest frequency f0 of the system without calibration is described above and will not be described here. The low-frequency receiving link converts the low-frequency alternating magnetic field having a constant amplitude or a constant differential amplitude through magnetoelectric conversion to obtain a detection voltage of a strange amplitude, and the error of the amplitude is dB. The volume of different low-frequency receiving links can be selected by selecting different amplification frequencies of the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit and the low-frequency amplifying circuit, so that the mobile device can be selectively placed in a carrier of different volume requirements. If the low frequency magnetic induction circuit is a coil, the volume of the low frequency receiving key depends on the conversion gain of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit and the amplification factor of the low frequency amplification circuit. The magnetoelectric conversion gain conversion formula is: K*A=Vt/B—RATEgate, where B_RATEgate is the threshold value of the magnetic induction intensity change rate, the magnetic induction intensity change rate B_RATE=dBr/dt, A is the amplification factor of the low frequency amplification circuit, and κ is the low frequency. The magnetic induction circuit converts the gain; the product of the conversion gain of the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit and the amplification factor of the low-frequency amplification circuit is a system preset value corresponding to the farthest card-swapping distance of the system applied by the mobile terminal, and the farthest card-swapping distance is the card reader at the distance The transmission field strength parameter value is B_RATEgate, and the internal detection voltage of the mobile device is just the threshold value Vt. At this time, the card is allowed to be swiped. Above this distance, the transmission field strength is continuously attenuated and less than B_RATEgate, and the internal detection voltage of the mobile device is less than vt, and the card is not allowed to be swiped. In the above relationship, Vt^B-RATEgate* is the value determined by the system, so the K*A value is determined, and the volume of the coil is mainly determined by the rule value. 'The more the line follows, the larger the κ, the larger the volume, the size of the A value. There is basically no effect on the volume of the low frequency amplifying circuit, so the distribution of the total magnetoelectric conversion gain between κ and A will determine the volume of the low frequency receiving link. For example, if the mobile radio device is placed in the SIM card towel, the number of selected lines is easy to place in the range of 丨~ viewing. (4) Coil volume 'so the magnetic induction circuit conversion gain is first determined' and then the gain of the low frequency amplifying circuit is selected. . If the mobile RF device is placed on the terminal line board, this can increase the resistance and area of the coil. The amplifier gain can be reduced. The reduction is the improvement of the signal rail. The disadvantage is that the low frequency receiving body (4) is large. When the magnetism is a coil, the magnetoelectric conversion of the low-frequency receiving link is increased to 预设*Κ, and the gain distribution of a and 39 201238272 κ can be changed to change the volume of the low-frequency receiving link and the signal of the received signal. Noise ratio, increase Κ, decrease A, increase volume, increase signal-to-noise ratio; decrease Κ, increase A, decrease volume, decrease signal-to-noise ratio. If the magnetic induction circuit is a Hall device or a giant magnetoresistive device, the volume of the low frequency receiving link has little to do with the conversion gain of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit and the amplification factor of the low frequency amplification circuit. In Fig. 12, the second main processor 1201, the SIM/UIM/USIM card module 1202, the RF transceiver module 1203, the low frequency signal receiving and processing module 205, and the interface module 1207 can be integrated into one IC (product). The circuit inside the body circuit and the peripheral passive components are also composed, and can also be combined into different ic internals and added with peripheral passive components. Among them, the RF antenna 1204 cannot be integrated into the ic, and can be composed of a PCB printed circuit using a pcb antenna. The low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 is configured to receive the low frequency magnetic field signal, convert the low frequency magnetic field signal into a corresponding voltage signal, and send it to the subsequent low frequency amplification circuit 1215. The low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 can be implemented by a pCB coil, an enameled wire coil, a Hall device, a giant magnetoresistive device, or the like. In general, the signal 1302 output by the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 is in a fixed linear proportional relationship with the low frequency magnetic field signal strength nickname 1301 of the environment or the low frequency magnetic field signal strength signal change rate 13 〇 ^, that is, 13 〇 2 = 13 〇1*κ, where κ is a constant ' Κ depends on the characteristic parameters of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit. The signal 13〇2 outputted by the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 can be a voltage signal or a signal such as a current. In the normal case (4), the service is turned (4). If the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 12G6 is composed of a Hall element or a doped device, the voltage signal 40 201238272 1302 is proportional to the low frequency magnetic field signal strength 1301. If the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 is constructed using a PCB coil or an enameled wire coil, the voltage signal 1302 is proportional to the low frequency magnetic field signal strength signal change rate 1301. A typical antenna is a ring-shaped differential amplitude constant-sensing antenna composed of the outermost ring N匝pcb of the card, and the output is a voltage signal 1302. For example, a structure of a 4 匝 pcb copper-coil antenna applied to a SIM card is shown in Fig. 13. The second main processor 1201 implements coordinated control processing of the entire radio frequency IC + 12 ,, and the second main processor 1201 contains various control hardware, a program module, and a memory. The second main processor 1201 is implemented by 1C and peripheral passive components. The main function is implemented by 1C. The SIM/UIM/USIM card module 1202 is connected to the second main processor 1201 and has an application material interaction with the second main processor 1201. The SIM/UIM/USIM card module 12〇2 is mainly implemented by 1C. The second host processor can be the same shared processor as the processor in the SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC card. That is, using a shared processor to do the work of the second processor and the processor in the SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC card at the same time. The interface module 12〇7 is connected to the second main processor 12〇1, and the second main processor 1201 is connected to the communication interface of the mobile terminal through the interface module 1207, and performs data interaction with the mobile terminal. The interface module 1207 is implemented by 1C. In general, the second main processor 1201 and the interface module 1207 are integrated in the same IC. The SIM/UIM/USIM card module 1202 can perform data interaction with the mobile terminal through the second main processor 1201 and the interface module 1207 to perform the functions that are required. The low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 is connected to the second main processor 12 〇 1 to 41 201238272 and also to the low frequency magnetic sensing circuit 1206. The low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 receives the low frequency magnetic field signal 1302 transmitted from the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206, and amplifies the low frequency magnetic field signal 1302 by A times to obtain a signal 1303, that is, the signal 1303 = A* signal 302. The low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 compares whether the signal 1303 is greater than a set threshold Vt and transmits the comparison result to the second main processor 1201. The low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 also decodes the data information in the signal 1303 and sends it to the second main processor 1201. The low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 receives the control of the second main processor 1201 and receives control information such as the threshold Vt sent from the second main processor 1201. The RF transceiver circuit 1203 is connected to the second host processor 1201. The RJ transceiver circuit 1203 is connected to the RF antenna 1204, and transmits and receives the radio frequency signal 400 through the RF antenna 1204. The RF transceiver module 1203 and the RF antenna 1204 are configured to perform radio frequency data communication with the card reader under the control of the second host processor 1201. The low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 is connected to the low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205, and receives the low frequency magnetic field signal 13〇1 emitted by the air card reader, and converts it into a low frequency magnetic field signal 1302, and sends it to the low frequency signal receiving and processing module. ^ Processed. The low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 is composed of a low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, a master circuit 1225, a decoding circuit 1245, and an optional demodulating circuit 1235. The demodulation circuit 1235 is optional. When the digital signal transmitted to the low frequency magnetic field is only subjected to baseband coding without modulation and demodulation, the demodulation circuit 1235 is not required, otherwise the demodulation circuit 1235 is required. The low frequency amplifying circuit 1215 receives the low frequency magnetic field k number 1302' sent from the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 12〇6 and amplifies the low frequency magnetic field signal 13〇2 by eight times to obtain a signal 42 201238272 1303. Signal 1303 is sent to comparison circuit 1225 for processing. Signal 1303 is also sent to demodulation circuit 1235 for processing 'if no demodulation circuit 1235' signal 1303 is sent directly to decoding circuit 1245 for processing. The magnetic sensing intensity threshold Bgate or the magnetic induction intensity change rate threshold B_RATEgate, the sensing coefficient K of the low frequency magnetic sensing circuit 1206, the amplification factor A of the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, and the set threshold voltage signal Vt must satisfy the following relationship, that is,
Bgate*K*A = Vt或B_RATEgate*K*A = Vt。其中，低頻放 大電路1215的放大倍數A是可以通過軟體設置的。 比較電路1225與第二主處理器1201連接，接收從低頻 放大電路1215送過來的信號1303，比較信號1303是否超過 門限Vt，如果信號1303與門限Vt比較發生變化，就將變化 情況的資訊發送給第二主處理器1201。門限Vt由第二主處 理器1201設置，並存儲在比較電路1225内。比較電路1225 將信號1303與Vt進行比較時，vt值也是可以通過軟體設置的。 解調電路1235與解碼電路1245連接，接收從低頻放大 電路1215送來的信號13〇3，解調後的基帶信號送給解碼電 路1245 。 解碼電路I245與第二域理器蘭連接，接收低頻放 大電路1215或者解調電路1235送來的絲信號，解碼後得 到續卡$通過低頻磁場發送過來的資訊，送給第二主處理 / 〇1冑碼電路1245可以使用差分曼切斯特解碼器的技 術來實現。 、射頻存儲卡由移動射頻裝置和TF/SD/MMC卡模組（可 以統稱為存儲卡模組)以及介面模組組成。在第Η圖中，只 43 201238272 需將射頻ic卡的SIM/UIM/USIM卡模組i2〇2更換為 TF/SD/MMC卡模組即可得到射頻存儲卡。射頻存儲卡的其 他部分與射頻1C卡，，此處對_存儲卡科贅述。第 16圖為應用於TF卡的4匝pcb線圈天線結構示意圖。 利用上述的射頻咖射頻存儲卡，可以纽下面的功能: 1、低頻磁場單向資料通訊功能 信號。 本發明的射航卡/射齡儲卡，可以接收低頻磁場中 的資料資訊。資料資訊的編碼調製方式可以使用現有的名 種成熟技術。例如可以使用差分曼切斯特編碼技術，使用 低頻磁場變化率直接傳遞編碼後的差分曼切斯特編碼基帶 每個固疋時間長度的週期傳送一個資料呵比特），在 -個bit的傳送期間的中間時刻，電平必須發生變化，但兩 個不同bit傳送的分界時刻，電平可以變化，也可以不變化。 所以，Γ個bit傳送期間的中間時刻的碼字只有兩個：〇1， 發送比特1知用和上—個码字不同的碼字。發送比特 抓用寺上個碼予相同的碼字。第㈣為制資料U削 刀X >7斯特編碼格式以及場強、線圈接收電壓波形 圖。第14圖中為5bh資料u〇i〇的差分曼切斯特編碼格式 圖為對應的場強圖，c為線圈接收到的對應的電壓波形 圖。由第Μ圖可見，差分曼切斯特編碼中，不同代表】，相 同代表0。 將巾田度1£定或微分幅度⑥定的低頻交變磁場經過磁 電轉換得到幅纽定的檢測電壓，並進行門限比較功能以 44 201238272 及控制刷卡功能。 幅度怪定低頻交變磁場是磁感應強度變化幅度恆定的 低頻交變磁場，例如方波及正弦波。 微分幅度恆定低頻交變磁場是指磁感應強度的變化率 的變化幅度恆定的低頻交變磁場，例如三角波及正弦波。 幅度恆定（或微分幅度恆定）信號1301經低頻磁感應電 路塊1206變換為低頻磁場電壓信號13〇2，設13〇1磁感應強 度為Br ’磁感應電路接收靈敏度為κ ;則電壓信號丨302= K*Br或K*dBr/dt。 低頻放大電路1215將電壓信號1302放大A倍，得到電壓 信號1303 ’則：電壓信號i3〇3=A*電壓信號1302。 所以，電壓信號 13〇3 = K*A*Br或K*A*dBr/dt。 只要測得電壓信號1303就可以換算為對應的幅度恆定 (或微分幅度怪定)信號13 01。 比較電路1225比較電壓信號1303是否大於Vt，並將比 較結果資訊送給第二主處理器1201。第二主處理器1201根 據比較結果資訊確定是否允許刷卡。 而移動射頻裝置的低頻接收鏈路測量場強是有誤差 的，該誤差基本等於射頻1C卡/射頻存儲卡的誤差，誤差來 源於下述a)〜e) 5個方面： a) 感測器（低頻磁感應電路）變換係數K的誤差比率 eK(db); b) 放大器（低頻放大電路）放大倍數A的誤差比率 eA(db); 45 201238272 C)比較器（比較電路)誤差比率eO(db); d) 放大器（低頻放大電路）允許等效輸入雜訊係數 eN(db)； e) 其他誤差eC(db); 這5個誤差均已包含由於溫度，電壓等工作環境因素引 起的誤差。 由讀卡器及内置移動射頻裝置的移動終端所構成的系 統為了達到無校準距離控制的目標，對檢測電壓的波動在 系統中的各個環節分配，分配到移動射頻裝置本身可允許 的波動稱為移動射頻裝置引起的低頻檢測電壓波動範圍 Sc(db)。上述五個移動射頻裝置射頻1C卡/射頻存儲卡的誤 差因數的總和必須小於系統分配給卡的誤差指標Sc(db)。即： eK(db)+ eA(db)+ eO(db)+ eN(db)+ eC(db)< 6c(db) 低頻放大電路1215集成在卡晶片内部，一般情況下晶 片内部的工作電源電壓為1伏的數量級，所以，以幅度恆定 檢測電路為例，對應的Vt應該在1伏的數量級，那麼，Bgate *K*A應該約為 IV，這樣要求K*A = Vt/Bgate=l伏/Bgate。 而低頻放大電路的放大倍數A，是由晶片設計時設計確定 的，理論上可以有很大的範圍可以自由選擇，但是一旦 Bgate確定以及感測器確定K也就確定後，A的大小也就確定 了，A = Vt/ Bgate/K，一般情況下Vt可以取1V，則A可以取 值為lV/Bgate/K。這樣一來，A的大小，由其他參數確定， 但K的取值範圍就可以允許一個較寬的範圍，其結果是低頻 磁感應電路1206的選擇就有了很大的靈活性。 46 201238272 由於低頻磁感應電路1206的選擇可以有較大的自由 度’因此可以選擇在工程上易於在卡上實現的4®pcb線圈 作為低頻磁感應電路12G6，見第13圖。當然也可以選擇其 他參數的感挪器。使用4lipcb線圈感測器有以下優點：1、 易於實現’不增加卡上的結構，卡上本來就需要pcb ; 2、 不增加卡的體積。從而這個方案的天線可以在卡上實現， 不需要連接到卡以外的天線上。 射頻IC卡/射頻存儲卡的誤差餘量Sc(db)的分配設計也 是卡的一個重要内容。使用本方案的設計，誤差餘量Sc(db) 需要分配到下列5個因素中： a) 感測器（低頻磁感應電路）變換係數κ的誤差比率 eK(db)； b) 放大器（低頻放大電路）放大倍數a的誤差比率 eA(db)； c) 比較器（比較電路)誤差比率e〇(db); d) 放大器（低頻放大電路）允許等效輸入雜訊係數 eN(db)； e) 其他誤差eC(db)。 比如’如果最遠允許刷卡距離Dmax要求為l〇cm，最近 必須刷卡距離Dmin為5cm，那麼從第15圖中可以看出l〇cm 的最強信號為12db，5cm最弱信號為28db，那麼總的誤差餘 量有28-12=16db，其中只分配4db的誤差餘量給卡，那麼 8c(db)=4db。eK(db) ’ eA(db)，eO(db)，eO(db) ’ eC(db)平 均分配的話，每一個都有0.8db。而低頻磁感應電路1206使 47 201238272 用4匝pcb線圈的話，由於PCB生產工藝已經非常成熟，其 尺寸誤差在0· 1 mm以内’而其K值誤差主要決定於線圈的面 積誤差’可以計算出K的百分數誤差約為〇.lmm*0.1mm /25mm/15mm，大概為2.67*10-5，換算為db 數為 201og (l+2.67*10-5)=0.0023db。其數值遠遠小於〇.8db »低頻放大 電路放大倍數A的誤差比率eA決定於積體電路工藝中的電 阻比值，其比值的誤差，現有工藝條件下，很容易就可以 做到1%以下，換算為db數應該為201og (l+0.01)=0.086db， 也遠遠小於0.8db。比較電路誤差以及其他誤差不再分析。 以上誤差分配及分析說明，使用本方案可以容易的實現距 離控制的目標。 為了達到不更改移動終端，只需更換移動終端内的 SIM/UIM/USIM/SD/TF/MMC卡，實現電子支付等刷卡交 易’本發明提出了一種低頻交變磁場距離控制方法，應用 於包含上述移動射頻裝置的各種移動終端，包括如下步驟： 前提：移動裝置工作於預先選定的系統無校準工作頻 點f0以下的頻點。 步驟a，對接收到的低頻交變磁場信號Br進行磁電轉 換，將低頻交變磁場信號轉換為電信號V〇。若Br為幅度恆 定的低頻磁場信號’則磁電轉換公式為Vo=A*K*Br;若Br 為微分幅度恒定的低頻磁場信號，則磁電轉換公式為 Vo=A*K*dBr/dt ’其中K為磁感應電路增益，a低頻放大電 路增益，A*K為磁電轉換增益，該增益預先設定，使用中 無需更改；磁電轉換存在誤差，也就是Vo存在波動，波動 48 201238272 範圍為5c(db); 步驟b ’若低頻磁感應磁信號轉換的電信號v〇大於預設 的比較電壓信號門限Vt ’則解碼出讀卡器的身份識別標識 IDr ’進入射頻通訊’通過射頻通道將IDr連同移動裝置本 身的唯一識別碼IDc—同傳送給讀卡器，同時持續監控低頻 磁感應信號； 步驟c，進行射頻通訊，將射頻通訊資料拆分為多個資 料包分次收發，每次射頻收包或發包都檢查V〇是否大於％ 若是則繼續射頻通訊直至交易結束，否則結束本次交易的 射頻通訊，返回步驟a。 步驟a中磁電轉換增益的確定方法如下： 步驟al，確定磁感應增益κ。選定移動射頻裝置所在載 體上易於工程實現的磁感應電路，如線圈，霍爾器件及巨 磁阻器件’從而選定了磁感應增益K ; 步驟a2,在下述原則下任意選定低頻放大電路的增益a 1) 移動裝置在任意位置處接收到的磁感應強度B r小於 系統安全規範要求的值； 2) 移動裝置放置於系統指定的—種或多種載體（比如 移動終端）中’並在系統要求的距離控制目標最遠可接收距 離處，磁感應信號經過磁電轉換後的信號信噪比大於 SNR。通常SNR>5; 、 3) 若低頻磁感應電路為霍爾器件或巨磁阻器件，用於 檢測幅度恆定的低頻交變磁場信號：A*K = Vt/Bgate，其中 Bgate為磁感應強度門限；若磁感應電路為線圈，用於檢測 49 201238272 微分幅度值定的低頻交變磁場信號：Α*κ = Vt/B_RATEgate，其中B_RATEgat4磁感應強度變化率的 門限值’磁感應強度變化率B_RATE=dBr/dt。 若低頻磁感應電路為線圈，移動射頻裝置放置在幻魴、 UIM卡、USIM卡、TF卡、犯卡*MMC卡中，線圈的阻數 可以為1〜20Κ，放大器增益a大於1〇〇;若低頻磁感應電路 為線圈，移動裝置放置在移動終端中，在滿足上述磁電轉 換增益選擇方法的條件下，線圈隨無限制，低頻放大電 路的增益A無限制。 步驟a中，移動射頻裝置檢測電壓的波動範圍如的選擇 及控制方法如下：Bgate*K*A = Vt or B_RATEgate*K*A = Vt. Among them, the amplification factor A of the low frequency amplification circuit 1215 can be set by software. The comparison circuit 1225 is connected to the second main processor 1201, receives the signal 1303 sent from the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, and compares whether the signal 1303 exceeds the threshold Vt. If the signal 1303 changes in comparison with the threshold Vt, the information of the change is sent to the information. The second main processor 1201. The threshold Vt is set by the second main processor 1201 and stored in the comparison circuit 1225. When the comparison circuit 1225 compares the signal 1303 with Vt, the vt value can also be set by software. The demodulation circuit 1235 is connected to the decoding circuit 1245, receives the signal 13〇3 sent from the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, and the demodulated baseband signal is supplied to the decoding circuit 1245. The decoding circuit I245 is connected to the second domain processor blue, and receives the silk signal sent by the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215 or the demodulating circuit 1235. After decoding, the information sent by the low frequency magnetic field is obtained and sent to the second main processing/〇 The 1 weight circuit 1245 can be implemented using the technique of a differential Manchester decoder. The RF memory card is composed of a mobile RF device and a TF/SD/MMC card module (collectively referred to as a memory card module) and an interface module. In the figure, only 43 201238272 need to replace the SIM/UIM/USIM card module i2〇2 of the RF IC card with the TF/SD/MMC card module to get the RF memory card. The other part of the RF memory card is related to the RF 1C card, which is described here. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a 4匝pcb coil antenna applied to a TF card. Using the above-mentioned RF coffee RF memory card, the following functions can be used: 1. Low-frequency magnetic field unidirectional data communication function signal. The jet card/shot age memory card of the present invention can receive data information in a low frequency magnetic field. The coding and modulation of data information can use existing well-known technologies. For example, a differential Manchester coding technique can be used to directly transmit a coded differential Manchester code baseband for each fixed-length time period using a low-frequency magnetic field change rate to transmit a data bit, during the transmission of a bit. In the middle of the moment, the level must change, but the level of the boundary between the two different bits can be changed or not. Therefore, there are only two code words in the middle of the bit transmission period: 〇1, and the transmission bit 1 knows the code word different from the previous code word. Send Bits Grab the code on the temple to the same code word. The fourth (4) is the data U-cutting knife X > 7 斯特 encoding format and field strength, coil receiving voltage waveform diagram. In Fig. 14, the differential Manchester code format of the 5bh data u〇i〇 is shown as the corresponding field strength map, and c is the corresponding voltage waveform received by the coil. As can be seen from the figure, in the differential Manchester code, the different representations represent the same zero. The low-frequency alternating magnetic field of the toweling degree of 1 or the differential amplitude of 6 is subjected to magneto-electrical conversion to obtain the detection voltage of the amplitude adjustment, and the threshold comparison function is performed to control the card-swapping function. The amplitude of the low-frequency alternating magnetic field is a low-frequency alternating magnetic field with a constant amplitude of change in magnetic induction, such as a square wave and a sine wave. The differential amplitude constant low-frequency alternating magnetic field refers to a low-frequency alternating magnetic field in which the variation rate of the magnetic induction intensity is constant, such as a triangular wave and a sine wave. The amplitude constant (or differential amplitude constant) signal 1301 is converted into a low frequency magnetic field voltage signal 13〇2 via the low frequency magnetic induction circuit block 1206, and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic sensor is Br '; the voltage signal 丨302=K* Br or K*dBr/dt. The low frequency amplifying circuit 1215 amplifies the voltage signal 1302 by A times to obtain a voltage signal 1303': the voltage signal i3〇3 = A* voltage signal 1302. Therefore, the voltage signal 13〇3 = K*A*Br or K*A*dBr/dt. As long as the measured voltage signal 1303 is converted to a corresponding amplitude constant (or differential amplitude odd) signal 13 01 . The comparison circuit 1225 compares whether the voltage signal 1303 is greater than Vt and sends the comparison result information to the second main processor 1201. The second main processor 1201 determines whether the card is allowed to be swiped based on the comparison result information. The measurement of the field strength of the low-frequency receiving link of the mobile radio device is errory. The error is basically equal to the error of the RF 1C card/RF memory card. The error is derived from the following a) ~ e) 5 aspects: a) Sensor (Low-frequency magnetic induction circuit) The error ratio eK(db) of the transform coefficient K; b) The error ratio eA(db) of the amplifier (low-frequency amplifier circuit) amplification factor A; 45 201238272 C) Comparator (comparison circuit) error ratio eO(db d) The amplifier (low-frequency amplifier circuit) allows the equivalent input noise coefficient eN(db); e) Other errors eC(db); These five errors all contain errors due to working environment factors such as temperature and voltage. A system consisting of a card reader and a mobile terminal with a built-in mobile radio frequency device, in order to achieve the goal of no calibration distance control, distributes the fluctuation of the detection voltage at various points in the system, and the fluctuations allowed to be allocated to the mobile radio frequency device itself are called The low frequency detection voltage fluctuation range Sc(db) caused by the mobile radio device. The sum of the error factors of the above five mobile radio device RF 1C card/RF memory card must be less than the error index Sc(db) assigned by the system to the card. That is: eK(db)+eA(db)+eO(db)+eN(db)+eC(db)<6c(db) The low frequency amplifying circuit 1215 is integrated inside the card chip, and the working power inside the chip is generally The voltage is on the order of 1 volt. Therefore, taking the amplitude constant detection circuit as an example, the corresponding Vt should be on the order of 1 volt. Then, Bgate *K*A should be about IV, so that K*A = Vt/Bgate=l is required. Volt/Bgate. The amplification factor A of the low-frequency amplifier circuit is determined by the design of the chip design. In theory, there is a large range that can be freely selected, but once the Bgate is determined and the sensor determines K, the size of A is also determined. It is determined that A = Vt / Bgate / K, in general, Vt can take 1V, then A can take the value of lV / Bgate / K. In this way, the size of A is determined by other parameters, but the range of values of K allows a wider range, and as a result, the selection of the low frequency magnetic sensing circuit 1206 has great flexibility. 46 201238272 Since the selection of the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 can have a large degree of freedom', it is possible to select a 4® pcb coil that is easy to implement on the card as a low frequency magnetic induction circuit 12G6, see Fig. 13. Of course, you can also choose the sensor of other parameters. The use of 4lipcb coil sensor has the following advantages: 1. Easy to implement 'Do not increase the structure on the card, the card itself needs pcb; 2, does not increase the size of the card. Thus the antenna of this solution can be implemented on the card without connecting to an antenna other than the card. The design of the error margin Sc(db) of the RF IC card/RF memory card is also an important part of the card. Using the design of this scheme, the error margin Sc(db) needs to be assigned to the following five factors: a) Error ratio eK(db) of the transform coefficient κ of the sensor (low frequency magnetic induction circuit); b) Amplifier (low frequency amplifier circuit) ) the error ratio eA(db) of the magnification a; c) the comparator (comparison circuit) error ratio e〇(db); d) the amplifier (low frequency amplifier circuit) allows the equivalent input noise coefficient eN(db); e) Other errors eC(db). For example, 'If the farthest allowable swipe distance Dmax is l〇cm, and the closest swipe distance Dmin is 5cm, then from the 15th figure, the strongest signal of l〇cm is 12db, and the weakest signal of 5cm is 28db, then total The error margin is 28-12=16db, in which only 4db error margin is allocated to the card, then 8c(db)=4db. eK(db) ' eA(db), eO(db), eO(db) ' eC(db) are allocated equally, each with 0.8db. The low-frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 makes 47 201238272 4 匝 pcb coil, because the PCB production process is very mature, its dimensional error is within 0·1 mm 'and its K value error is mainly determined by the coil area error' can calculate K The percentage error is about l.lmm*0.1mm /25mm/15mm, which is about 2.67*10-5, which is converted to db number 201og (l+2.67*10-5)=0.0023db. The value is much smaller than 〇.8db » The error ratio eA of the low-frequency amplifier circuit A is determined by the resistance ratio in the integrated circuit process, and the error of the ratio can easily be less than 1% under the existing process conditions. The conversion to db should be 201og (l+0.01)=0.086db, which is also much smaller than 0.8db. Comparing circuit errors and other errors are no longer analyzed. The above error distribution and analysis show that the goal of distance control can be easily achieved by using this scheme. In order to achieve no change to the mobile terminal, it is only necessary to replace the SIM/UIM/USIM/SD/TF/MMC card in the mobile terminal to implement a credit card transaction such as electronic payment. The present invention proposes a low frequency alternating magnetic field distance control method, which is applied to The various mobile terminals of the mobile radio device include the following steps: Premise: The mobile device operates at a frequency point below the calibration work frequency f0 of the pre-selected system. In step a, the received low frequency alternating magnetic field signal Br is magnetoelectrically converted, and the low frequency alternating magnetic field signal is converted into an electrical signal V?. If Br is a low-frequency magnetic field signal with a constant amplitude, then the magnetoelectric conversion formula is Vo=A*K*Br; if Br is a low-frequency magnetic field signal with a constant differential amplitude, the magnetoelectric conversion formula is Vo=A*K*dBr/dt ' K is the magnetic induction circuit gain, a low frequency amplification circuit gain, A*K is the magnetoelectric conversion gain, the gain is preset, no change is needed in use; there is error in magnetoelectric conversion, that is, Vo is fluctuating, fluctuation 48 201238272 range is 5c(db) Step b 'If the low-frequency magnetic induction magnetic signal converted electrical signal v〇 is greater than the preset comparison voltage signal threshold Vt', then decode the card reader's identification ID ID 'Enter RF communication' through the RF channel to the IDr together with the mobile device itself The unique identification code IDc is transmitted to the card reader while continuously monitoring the low frequency magnetic induction signal; step c, performing radio frequency communication, splitting the radio frequency communication data into multiple data packets for transmission and reception, and each time the radio frequency is received or sent out. Check if V〇 is greater than %. If yes, continue RF communication until the transaction ends. Otherwise, end the RF communication of this transaction and return to step a. The method of determining the magnetoelectric conversion gain in step a is as follows: Step a1, determining the magnetic induction gain κ. The magnetic induction circuits, such as coils, Hall devices and giant magnetoresistive devices, which are easy to be implemented on the carrier of the mobile radio device, are selected to select the magnetic induction gain K; Step a2, the gain of the low-frequency amplifier circuit is arbitrarily selected under the following principle: The magnetic induction intensity B r received by the mobile device at any position is less than the value required by the system security specification; 2) the mobile device is placed in a system-specified type or carriers (such as a mobile terminal) and controls the target at a distance required by the system At the farthest distance that can be received, the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetically induced signal after magnetoelectric conversion is greater than SNR. Usually SNR>5;, 3) If the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit is a Hall device or a giant magnetoresistive device, it is used to detect a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal with a constant amplitude: A*K = Vt/Bgate, where Bgate is the magnetic induction threshold; The magnetic induction circuit is a coil for detecting the low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal of the differential amplitude value of 2012 2012272: Α*κ = Vt/B_RATEgate, wherein the threshold value of the magnetic induction intensity change rate of B_RATEgat4 'magnetic induction intensity change rate B_RATE=dBr/dt. If the low frequency magnetic induction circuit is a coil, the mobile radio frequency device is placed in the illusion, UIM card, USIM card, TF card, card *MMC card, the resistance of the coil can be 1~20Κ, the amplifier gain a is greater than 1〇〇; The low-frequency magnetic induction circuit is a coil, and the mobile device is placed in the mobile terminal. Under the condition that the above-mentioned magnetoelectric conversion gain selection method is satisfied, the coil has no limitation, and the gain A of the low-frequency amplification circuit is not limited. In step a, the selection and control method of the fluctuation range of the detection voltage of the mobile radio frequency device is as follows:
Sc的選擇方法如下：是由讀卡器及内置移動射頻裝置 的移動終端所構成的线為了達縣校準㈣控制的目 標，對檢測電壓的波動在系統中的各個環節分配，分配到 移動射頻裝置本身可允許的波動稱為移動射頻裝置弓刀i起的 低頻檢測電壓波動範，(勢由於低頻接收鍵路的工作頻 點很低’造成檢測電壓波動的因素：低頻磁感應電路增益 誤差，低頻放大器放大倍數誤差，比較電路誤差，電: =，電路溫度係數引起的誤差等影響則、，因此卡的波動 範圍可以確定的比較小，例如2〜6dB。 b &的控制方法如下：為解決多個移動射頻裝置間檢測 場強的差異問題，本發明提出了基於如第17圖所示誤差控 制系統的誤差控制方法，應用於上述的移動 : Π圖中’標準讀卡器5〇5中的發射線圈5〇4向處於固定距離 50 201238272 的移動射頻裝置501及處於固定位置的標準障礙物5〇2發射 幅度值定或微分幅度恆定的低頻磁場信號。移動射頻裝置 501通過與卡通訊的裝置5〇3*pc機相連^ &的控制方法勹 括如下步驟： ^ 假設移動裝置所應㈣各種移動終端對低頻交變礙場 k號的衰減的最大波動範圍為δτ，則誤差控制系統中掉: IV礙物的衰減為δΤ/2，該障礙物的作用是使移動射頻裝置 收到的低頻錢磁場的衰減是各種終端衰減的中間值。 步驟601 :如第17圖，標準讀卡器在固定距離及位置 發射幅度恨定或微分幅度怪定的低頻交變磁場信號， 統下幅度值Bgate或微分幅度值B—RATEgate的磁場、 電轉換後的電壓值應當為幅度為爾近的電壓信號V〇 ; ^ 步驟602 .確定一個合理的v〇範圍值nThe selection method of Sc is as follows: a line composed of a card reader and a mobile terminal with a built-in mobile radio device for the purpose of the county (4) control, the fluctuation of the detection voltage is distributed in each link in the system, and is allocated to the mobile radio device. The allowable fluctuations are called the low-frequency detection voltage fluctuation range of the mobile RF device. (The potential is low due to the low frequency of the low-frequency receiving key'. The factors that detect the voltage fluctuation: low-frequency magnetic induction circuit gain error, low-frequency amplifier Magnification error, comparison circuit error, electric: =, the error caused by the temperature coefficient of the circuit, etc., so the fluctuation range of the card can be determined to be relatively small, for example 2~6dB. The control method of b & is as follows: The problem of detecting the difference in field strength between mobile radio frequency devices, the present invention proposes an error control method based on the error control system as shown in Fig. 17, which is applied to the above-mentioned movement: in the standard card reader 5〇5 The transmitting coil 5〇4 is sent to the mobile radio device 501 at a fixed distance of 50 201238272 and the standard obstacle 5〇2 at a fixed position. A low-frequency magnetic field signal having a constant amplitude value or a constant differential amplitude. The mobile radio frequency device 501 is connected to the device 5〇3*pc that communicates with the card. The control method of the & method includes the following steps: ^ Assume that the mobile device should (4) various movements The maximum fluctuation range of the terminal attenuation of the low-frequency alternating obstacle field k is δτ, then the error control system is dropped: the attenuation of the IV obstruction is δΤ/2, and the obstacle is used to make the low-frequency money received by the mobile radio device. The attenuation of the magnetic field is the intermediate value of various terminal attenuations. Step 601: As shown in Figure 17, the standard reader emits a low-frequency alternating magnetic field signal with a range of hate or differential amplitude at a fixed distance and position, and the amplitude value Bgate or The magnetic field of the differential amplitude value B-RATEgate, the voltage value after the electrical conversion should be a voltage signal V〇 with a close amplitude; ^ Step 602. Determine a reasonable v〇 range value n
Vt-5cx/2) ’其中Scx<Sc，這是因為&包含多種波動因素’ 簡化誤差㈣线及方法，部分因料能完全測量二 溫度誤差等； 1]如 4603 .測里移動射頻裝置中低頻放大電路的 信號V。’如果V。超wx/2，純χ/2则，則通= 體設置調魏紐大電路的放大倍數Α，直卿 2 圍内； 上遴％ 步驟604 :通過軟體設置移動射頻裝置龄 603調整Α後的輸出電信號ν〇。 '八 應用本發明能夠實現無校準的移動終端支付 合實例具體說明實現無校準的㈣終端支付的枝和過程結 51 201238272 實現過程有以下幾個前提條件： 前提條件1 :配套的讀卡器發射的低頻磁場信號強度已 經調整好，其場強空間分佈已經符合距離控制的要求； 進一步地，微分幅度恒定的磁場信號，允許刷卡的場 強門限Bgate的磁感應強度變化率為±26500A/m/s(26500安 每米每秒）’如果是2KHz的磁場信號，磁感應強度的峰值為 ±3.32A/m，其峰峰值磁感應強度是6.64Α/Π1，如果是ΙΚΗζ 的磁％彳§说’磁感應強度的峰值為土6.64A/m，其峰峰值磁 感應強度是13.28A/m ; 前提條件2:射頻1C卡/射頻存儲卡在出廠前，設置有合 適的門限電壓Vt ’該門限電壓Vt對應於需要限定的刷卡操 作距離； 進一步地，門限電壓Vt對應於允許刷卡的場強門限 Bgate的磁感應強度變化率為±265〇〇A/m/s時，低頻磁感應 電路的輸出電壓1302放大後的峰峰值電壓Vt為lv ;磁感應 5金度變化率為±26500A/m/s時，低頻磁感應電路的輸出電壓 峰峰值為10〇uV，則放大倍數A=Vt/i〇〇uV = 1V/100uV=10000 ; 前提條件3:射頻IC卡/射頻存儲卡和讀卡器之間的通 和刷卡協定已經規定好； 進-步地，射頻IC卡/射頻存儲卡和讀卡器之間的資 位元流可以使用2K串列傳輸速率的差分曼切斯特編碼基 信號進行資料傳送。資料資訊以資料幀為單位進行傳送 資料流的編碼方式如下：每㈣料有_的同步頭， 52 201238272 V頭為81^的卜後面—細。同步頭後面的資料資訊中，連 續7個1後面添加—位元〇，用於區分資料資訊和同步頭； 刚提條件4.射頻冗卡/射頻存儲卡已經安裝於移動終端 内，並且已經準備好做刷卡操作； 則提條件5 :讀卡器已經準備好，連續發射攜帶有讀卡 器資料幀資訊Idr數位資訊的低頻磁場信號； 進一步地，貧料幀資訊Idrt含有讀卡器的RF模組的通 道資訊；進一步地’讀卡器的RF模組的通道資訊是2480MHz 到2483MHz之間的—個通道； 則提條件6.低頻工作的頻點仞已經按照前述步驟確定好； 前提條件7:射頻扣卡/射頻存儲卡的低頻放大電路的放 大倍數A和門限Vt已經按照前述誤差控制的方法設置好。 貫現该方法的射頻1C卡/射頻存儲卡如前所述。 實現刷卡操作的過程如下： 1、裝有前述射頻1C卡/射頻存儲卡的移動終端靠近讀卡 器時，射頻1C卡/射頻存儲卡的低頻磁感應電路12〇6將所處 位置的低頻磁場信號13 ο 1變換為低頻磁場電壓信號丨3 〇 2。 低頻磁感應電路1206、低頻放大器電路丨215以及比較電路 1225是低耗電模組’其工作時的電源電流消耗小於3〇〇uA。 低頻磁感應電路1206、低頻放大電路1215以及比較電路 1225可以連續工作，消耗的電源電流不大，對電池供電的 移動終端的電池待機使用時間沒有大的影響。射頻1(：卡/射 頻存儲卡中的其它模組大部分時間處於休眠狀態，基本不 消耗電源電流； 53 201238272 2、 低頻磁感應電路1206將低頻磁場電壓信號1302送給 低頻信號接收及處理模組1205中的低頻放大電路1215，低 頻放大電路1215放大後的電壓信號1303送給比較電路1225 和解碼電路1245。進一步，如果是射頻sim卡，其形狀為長 方形’其尺寸大小為25mm* 15mm，低頻磁感應電路1206由 4匝沿sim卡外框的pcb線圈組成，這樣的低頻磁感應電路 1206在微分幅度怪定為±26500A/m/s的磁場中，將會感應到 ±50uV的峰值電壓信號，峰峰值為i〇〇uV ; 3、 比較電路1225將電壓信號1303與門限電壓Vt進行比 較，並將比較結果送給第二主處理器1201。如果比較結果 大於Vt’則喚醒卡的其它模組一起工作，否則，其它模組 繼續休眠； 4、 如果電壓信號1303大於門限電壓vt，第二主處理器 1201控制解碼電路1245對收到的電壓信號1303進行解碼， 得到讀卡器Idr數位資訊。解碼電路1245將解碼出的讀卡器 Idr數位資訊送給第二主處理器12(π ; 5、 第二主處理器1201收到有效的讀卡器Idr後，從中找 出通道資訊CH，控制RF收發電路12〇3通過rf天線1204以通 道CH與讀卡器通訊’建立只有當前讀卡器和射頻1(：卡/射頻 存儲卡可以通訊的RF通訊通道CH，將收到的讀卡器Idr通過 RF通訊通道發送給讀卡器； 6、 讀卡器判斷從rF通訊通道收到的Idr是否為自己從低 頻磁場信號巾發送出去的I&，如果不是，拒絕通訊，如果 正確，啟動後續與卡的通訊直至完成所需的刷卡操作。刷 54 201238272 卡操作過程射頻ic卡/射頻存儲卡與讀卡器需要多次的 通訊，在每次進行RF通訊過程中，卡都要去判斷電壓信號 1303是否小於門限電壓Vt ’若小於Vt則立即結束RF通訊， 結束還沒有完成的刷卡操作。刷卡操作過程中如果射頻圯 卡/射頻存儲卡與移動終端交互資料，可以通過介面模組 1207實現。刷卡操作完成後’除低頻信號接收及處理模組 1205中的低頻磁感應電路12〇6、低頻放大電路1215以及比較 電路1225外的模組繼續睡眠，一直持續到下次低頻磁場信號 對應的電壓1303從小於Vt到大於Vt的變化後的刷卡操作。 7、 移動終端支付的刷卡操作功能的實現由第二主處理 器 1201、SIM/UIM/ USIM /TF/SD/MMC卡模組、RF收發電 路丨2〇3以及RF天線12〇4—起配合讀卡器來完成； 8、 SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC卡模組完成其應有的功 能’在實現其功能時’要通過第二主處理器12〇1和介面模 組1207與移動終端交互資料。 採用本發明’能夠實現無需校準的近距離通信，比如 電子支付等。 以上所述僅為本發明的較佳實施例，並不用以限制本 發明，凡在本發明的精神和原則之内，所作的任何修改、 等同替換、改進等，均應包含在本發明的保護範圍之内。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為線圈接收電路放入各種移動終端内，在同一 14443 POS機上保持13.56MHz載波恆定的情況下測試的電 壓-距離曲線； 55 201238272 第2圖為本發明近距離通信方法中系統無校準工作的 最高頻率f〇的選擇系統結構框圖； 第3圖為由距離控制目標(Din，Dv)確定系統總的接收檢 測電壓波動範圍δΑ的示意圖； 第4圖為典型終端及障礙物電壓距離曲線及其波動區 間δ示意圖； 第5圖為頻率f為3.3ΚΗζ時5種典型移動終端的電壓距 離曲線； 第6圖為移動射頻裝置内部檢測到的無調製直接基帶 發射時的接收電壓信號和正弦波FSK調製時的接收電壓信 號的電壓波形圖； 第7圖為基準電壓距離曲線的計算方法示意圖； 第8圖為本發明實施例中近距離通信系統的結構圖·， 第9圖為讀卡器低頻發射部分示意圖； 第10圖為讀卡器低頻數據框架格式示意圖； 第11圖為線圈接收電路放入各種移動終端内，用信號 源通過低頻發射線圈發射怪定1KHz磁場條件下測試的電 壓距離曲線； 第12圖為本發明實施例中射頻IC卡的結構圖； 第13圖為應用於SIM卡的4匝pcb銅皮線圈天線結構示 意圖； 第14圖為5bit資料11〇1〇的差分曼切斯特編碼格式以及 場強、線圈接收電壓波形圖； 第15圖為ΙΚΗζ的低頻磁場移動終端内*卡接收到的 56 201238272 幅度恆定圖； 第16圖為應用於TF卡的4匝pcb線圈天線結構示意圖； 第17圖為誤差控制系統框圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1〇〇…讀卡器裝置 101".第一主處理器 102···介面電路 103.. .RF收發電路 104…RF天線 105…低頻發射線圈 106···驅動電路 107…調製電路 108…編碼電路 200…移動射頻裝置 201…第二主處理器 202.. .51./TF/SD 卡模組 203…RF收發電路 204…RP天線 205…門限判斷及解調電路 206…低頻放大電路 207…低頻磁感應電路 301.. .低頻交變磁場 303…低頻磁檢測電壓信號 400…射頻信號 501···移動終端 502…低頻接收模組 503…信號強度測試儀 5 04…低頻磁場發射線圈 505…信號源 1200…射頻1C卡 1201…第二主處理器 1202…SIM/UIM/USIM 卡模 組(1C卡模組） 1203…RF(射頻)收發電路 1204…RF(射頻)天線 12〇5…低頻信號接收及處理模系且 1206…低頻磁感應電路 1207…介面模組 1215…低頻放大電路 1225…比較電路 1235…解調電路 1245…解碼電路 57 201238272 1301…低頻磁場信號強度信號 1302…低頻磁場信號 1303···信號 Vt…門限 58Vt-5cx/2) 'where Scx<Sc, this is because & contains a variety of fluctuation factors' Simplified error (four) line and method, part of the material can completely measure the two temperature error, etc.; 1] such as 4603. The signal V of the low-frequency amplifier circuit. 'If V. Super wx/2, pure χ/2, then pass = body set to adjust the magnification of Wei New Circuit Α, Zhiqing 2 inside; 遴%% Step 604: Move the RF device 603 adjusted by software The electrical signal ν〇 is output. 'Eight application of the present invention can realize the non-calibration of the mobile terminal payment example. The specific description of the implementation of the non-calibration (four) terminal payment branch and process node 51 201238272 implementation process has the following preconditions: Prerequisites 1: supporting reader launch The intensity of the low-frequency magnetic field signal has been adjusted, and the spatial distribution of the field strength has met the requirements of distance control. Further, the magnetic field signal with a constant differential amplitude allows the magnetic intensity change rate of the field strength threshold Bgate of the card to be ±26500A/m/s. (26500 amps per meter per second) 'If it is a 2KHz magnetic field signal, the peak value of magnetic induction is ±3.32A/m, and the peak-to-peak magnetic induction is 6.64Α/Π1. If it is 磁 magnetic %彳§ say 'magnetic induction intensity The peak value is 6.64A/m, and the peak-to-peak magnetic induction intensity is 13.28A/m. Precondition 2: The RF 1C card/RF memory card is set at the factory with a suitable threshold voltage Vt. The threshold voltage Vt corresponds to the need. a limited swipe operation distance; further, the threshold voltage Vt corresponds to a magnetic intensity change rate of ± 265 〇〇 A/m/s when the field strength threshold Bgate of the swipe is allowed to be swiped The peak-to-peak voltage Vt of the output voltage 1302 of the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit is lv; when the rate of change of the magnetic induction 5 is ±26500A/m/s, the peak-to-peak value of the output voltage of the low-frequency magnetic induction circuit is 10〇uV, then the amplification factor A =Vt/i〇〇uV = 1V/100uV=10000; Prerequisite 3: Pass-through and swipe agreement between RF IC card/RF memory card and card reader has been specified; Step-by-step, RF IC card/RF The bit stream between the memory card and the card reader can be transmitted using a differential Manchester code base signal of 2K serial transmission rate. The data information is transmitted in units of data frames. The data stream is encoded as follows: every (four) material has a sync header of _, 52 201238272 V head is 81 ^ after the back - fine. In the data information behind the synchronization header, 7 consecutive 1s are added after the 1-bit to distinguish the data information and the synchronization header. Just mentioned the condition 4. The RF redundancy card/RF memory card has been installed in the mobile terminal and is ready It is good to do the card swiping operation; then condition 5: the card reader is ready to continuously transmit the low frequency magnetic field signal carrying the Idr digit information of the card reader data frame; further, the poor frame information Idrt contains the RF mode of the card reader The channel information of the group; further, the channel information of the RF module of the card reader is - channel between 2480MHz and 2843MHz; then the condition 6. The frequency of the low frequency operation has been determined according to the foregoing steps; The amplification factor A and the threshold Vt of the low frequency amplifying circuit of the RF card/RF memory card have been set according to the aforementioned error control method. The RF 1C card/RF memory card that implements the method is as described above. The process of implementing the card swiping operation is as follows: 1. When the mobile terminal equipped with the aforementioned radio frequency 1C card/radio frequency memory card is close to the card reader, the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 12〇6 of the radio frequency 1C card/radio frequency memory card will have the low frequency magnetic field signal at the position. 13 ο 1 is converted to a low frequency magnetic field voltage signal 丨3 〇2. The low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206, the low frequency amplifier circuit 215, and the comparison circuit 1225 are low power consumption modules. The power supply current consumption during operation is less than 3 〇〇 uA. The low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206, the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215, and the comparison circuit 1225 can operate continuously, and the consumed power supply current is not large, and has no significant influence on the standby operation time of the battery of the battery powered mobile terminal. Radio frequency 1 (: other modules in the card/RF memory card are in a sleep state for most of the time, basically do not consume the power supply current; 53 201238272 2. The low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 sends the low frequency magnetic field voltage signal 1302 to the low frequency signal receiving and processing module. The low frequency amplifying circuit 1215 in 1205, the amplified voltage signal 1303 of the low frequency amplifying circuit 1215 is sent to the comparing circuit 1225 and the decoding circuit 1245. Further, if it is a radio frequency sim card, its shape is a rectangle 'the size is 25 mm * 15 mm, low frequency The magnetic induction circuit 1206 is composed of 4 pcb coils along the outer frame of the sim card. Such a low frequency magnetic induction circuit 1206 will induce a peak voltage signal of ±50 uV in a magnetic field with a differential amplitude of ±26500 A/m/s. The peak value is i〇〇uV; 3. The comparison circuit 1225 compares the voltage signal 1303 with the threshold voltage Vt, and sends the comparison result to the second main processor 1201. If the comparison result is greater than Vt', the other modules of the wake-up card are together. Work, otherwise, other modules continue to sleep; 4. If the voltage signal 1303 is greater than the threshold voltage vt, the second main processor 1201 controls the decoding power 1245 decodes the received voltage signal 1303 to obtain the card reader Idr digital information. The decoding circuit 1245 sends the decoded card reader Idr digital information to the second main processor 12 (π; 5, the second main processor After receiving the valid card reader Idr, the 1201 finds the channel information CH, controls the RF transceiver circuit 12〇3 to communicate with the card reader through the rf antenna 1204 and the channel CH to establish only the current card reader and the radio frequency 1 (: card / RF memory card can communicate with the RF communication channel CH, the received card reader Idr is sent to the card reader through the RF communication channel; 6. The card reader determines whether the Idr received from the rF communication channel is from the low frequency magnetic field. I& sent out by the signal towel, if not, refuse communication, if correct, initiate subsequent communication with the card until the required card swipe operation is completed. Brush 54 201238272 Card operation process RF card/RF memory card and card reader need more In the second communication, during each RF communication process, the card must judge whether the voltage signal 1303 is less than the threshold voltage Vt. If it is less than Vt, the RF communication is immediately terminated, and the card-swapping operation that has not been completed is ended. During the operation, if the RF card/RF memory card interacts with the mobile terminal, the interface module 1207 can be implemented. After the card card operation is completed, the low frequency magnetic induction circuit 12〇6 in the low frequency signal receiving and processing module 1205 is amplified. The circuit 1215 and the module outside the comparison circuit 1225 continue to sleep until the next time the voltage 1303 corresponding to the low frequency magnetic field signal changes from less than Vt to more than Vt. 7. The implementation of the credit card operation function of the mobile terminal is implemented by The second main processor 1201, the SIM/UIM/USIM/TF/SD/MMC card module, the RF transceiver circuit 丨2〇3, and the RF antenna 12〇4 are matched with the card reader; 8. SIM/UIM/ The USIM/TF/SD/MMC card module performs its intended function 'when it implements its function' to interact with the mobile terminal through the second main processor 12〇1 and the interface module 1207. With the present invention, it is possible to realize short-range communication without calibration, such as electronic payment. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., which are within the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the protection of the present invention. Within the scope. [Simple diagram of the diagram] Figure 1 shows the voltage-distance curve tested when the coil receiving circuit is placed in various mobile terminals and the 13.56 MHz carrier is kept constant on the same 14443 POS machine; 55 201238272 Figure 2 is the present invention The block diagram of the selection system with the highest frequency f〇 of the system without calibration work in the communication method; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of determining the total receiving detection voltage fluctuation range δΑ of the system by the distance control target (Din, Dv); Typical terminal and obstacle voltage distance curve and its fluctuation interval δ schematic diagram; Figure 5 is the voltage distance curve of five typical mobile terminals when the frequency f is 3.3ΚΗζ; Figure 6 is the unmodulated direct baseband detected inside the mobile RF device A voltage waveform diagram of a received voltage signal at the time of transmission and a received voltage signal at the time of sinusoidal FSK modulation; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a calculation method of a reference voltage distance curve; FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a short-range communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; · Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the low-frequency transmitting part of the card reader; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the format of the low-frequency data frame of the card reader; The loop receiving circuit is placed in various mobile terminals, and the voltage distance curve tested under the condition of a strange 1KHz magnetic field is transmitted by the signal source through the low frequency transmitting coil; FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of the radio frequency IC card in the embodiment of the present invention; Schematic diagram of the 4匝pcb copper-coil antenna applied to the SIM card; Figure 14 is the differential Manchester encoding format of the 5-bit data 11〇1〇 and the waveform of the field strength and coil receiving voltage; Figure 15 is the low frequency of the chirp The magnetic field mobile terminal receives the 56 201238272 amplitude constant map; the 16th figure shows the structure of the 4匝pcb coil antenna applied to the TF card; and the 17th is the block diagram of the error control system. [Main component symbol description] 1〇〇...Reader device 101". First main processor 102·Interface circuit 103.. RF transceiving circuit 104...RF antenna 105...Low frequency transmitting coil 106···Drive circuit 107...modulation circuit 108...encoding circuit 200...mobile radio frequency device 201...second main processor 202..51./TF/SD card module 203...RF transceiver circuit 204...RP antenna 205...threshold determination and demodulation circuit 206...Low frequency amplifying circuit 207...Low frequency magnetic induction circuit 301.. Low frequency alternating magnetic field 303...Low frequency magnetic detecting voltage signal 400...RF signal 501···Mobile terminal 502...Low frequency receiving module 503...Signal intensity tester 5 04... Low frequency magnetic field transmitting coil 505...Signal source 1200...RF 1C card 1201...Second main processor 1202...SIM/UIM/USIM card module (1C card module) 1203...RF (radio frequency) transceiver circuit 1204...RF (radio frequency) Antenna 12〇5... low frequency signal receiving and processing module and 1206... low frequency magnetic sensing circuit 1207... interface module 1215... low frequency amplifying circuit 1225... comparison circuit 1235... demodulation circuit 1245... decoding circuit 57 201238272 1301... low frequency magnetic field signal strong A low-frequency magnetic field signal signal 1302 ... 1303 ... ????? threshold signal Vt of 58