TW201217295A - Low density and high strength fiber glass for reinforcement applications - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to fiber glass strands, yarns, fabrics, composites, prepregs, laminates, fiber-metal laminates, and other products incorporating glass fibers formed from glass compositions. The glass fibers, in some embodiments, are incorporated into composites that can be used in reinforcement applications. Glass fibers formed from some embodiments of the glass compositions can have certain desirable properties that can include, for example, desirable electrical properties (e.g. low Dk) or desirable mechanical properties (e.g., specific strength).

Description

201217295 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to low density and high strength glass fibers and yarns, fabrics, and composites comprising low density and high strength glass fibers suitable for reinforcement applications. The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 6 1/3 82,738, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The present application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13/229, filed on Sep. 19, 1989, and which is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/94, filed on Jan. 5, s. Continuation of the application of the U.S. Patent No. 7,829,49, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. [Prior Art] Glass fibers have been used to strengthen various polymer resins for many years. Some common glass compositions for enhanced applications include compositions of the r Ε glass and the "D-glass" family. Another common glass composition is commercially available from AGY (Aiken, South Carolina) under the trade designation "s_2 Glass". Glass fibers are arranged to form a fabric for many years. In a conventional glass fiber weaving operation, a glass fabric is woven by interweaving a weft yarn (weft yarn) (also referred to as "wee yarn (fiU yarn)) into a plurality of warp yarns. Typically, this is achieved by positioning the warp yarns on the loom in a substantially parallel planar array.

S 158854.doc 201217295, and (d) 4 V weaving warp yarns by passing the weft yarns back and forth through the warp yarns in a predetermined repeating pattern. The pattern used depends on the desired fabric pattern. The warp yarns are typically formed by drawing a plurality of streams of molten glass from a casing or a spinning machine. The coating (or primary agglomerating composition) is then applied to individual glass fiber bills to form a collection. The strands are then reinforced into yarn by transferring the strands to the bobbin by means of a machine. These strands may be twisted during this transfer to help hold the fiber bundle at -S. The twisted strands are then wrapped around the bobbin and the bobbins are used for weaving: The warp yarns are typically positioned on the loom by means of a weaving shaft. The weaving shaft comprises a specific number of warp yarns (also referred to as "ends") that are read around the cylindrical core in a substantially parallel arrangement (also referred to as "via W"). The preparation of the weaving shaft usually requires the assembly of a plurality of yarn packages (each package containing a part of the desired end of the weaving shaft) into a pre-fabricated or woven shaft. For example, but not limited to this, 5G mile is used to input the DE75 yarn (127 is called a wide 7781 style fabric, which usually requires 2868 ends.), the conventional equipment used to form the woven shaft does not allow all of this in one job. The end is transferred from the bobbin to a single warp beam. Therefore, a plurality of warp beams (usually referred to as "splits") containing a desired number of ends are produced and combined to form a weaving axis. The splitter usually comprises a circle (four) core 'the cylindrical core comprising a plurality of substantially parallel warp yarns wound around it. Although those skilled in the art will recognize that the split shaft may comprise any number of warp yarns required to form the final weave axis. However, usually the number of ends contained on the split shaft is limited by the warping capacity. For the two styles, four sub-axes with 717 ends (each end is _5 end 158854.doc 201217295 end) are usually provided. The 2868 ends required for the warp yarn sheets are provided, each and when combined, as discussed above. As previously discussed, the primary sizing composition is applied to the glass fibers, typically applied immediately after forming. Traditionally, aqueous starch-oil slurries have been used to form filaments of continuous glass fiber strands for woven fabrics, as is well known to those skilled in the art, which typically include partial or full mashing. Starch or amylose, hydrogenated vegetable oil, cationic wetting agent, ceramizing agent and water. For more information on these sizing compositions see κ Loewenstein, The Manufacturing Technology 〇f Continuous Glass Fibres (3rd edition, 1993) ), pages 237 to 244, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference, although the sizing compositions are generally sufficiently strong to provide protection to the fibers during the fiber forming and weaving process, but at idle During weaving, it generally does not protect the glass fibers and in particular the warp fibers are not subject to wear and abrasion. Therefore, in the textile weaving industry, the practice of S is to pass the warp yarns through a slasher, during which the sizing machine is later The sizing slurry is applied to the warp yarns to provide the additional protection required. In more detail, the sizing operation provides additional film forming chemicals. The medium to the fibers forming the warp sheet. Typically, the sizing slurry comprises a wholly or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material and is in the range of 6% to 8% solids and has a viscosity of 15 to 20 centipoise (CPS). The sizing slurry is usually applied by immersing the warp yarn sheet in a container containing the sizing slurry through a series of impregnation rolls and then passing it through a squeezing roll system, except for squeezing the weight In addition, the squeeze roll system typically applies a compression pressure of 15 to 20 liters per square inch on the coated yarn (the extrusion pressure can vary depending on the yarn diameter).

S 158854.doc 201217295)) to remove excess sizing slurry. The sizing slurry can be applied at elevated temperatures, for example, from 130 Torr to 15 Torr (54 eC to 66 ° C) or at room temperature, depending on the recommendations of the PVA manufacturer. The sizing sizing sheet is dried in a conventional manner known in the art by extruding excess liquid from the yarn sheet, such as, but not limited to, passing the sheet over a heated roll and/or by hot air drying the tank. In the sizing machine or drying cylinder incorporated in the heating roll, the surface temperature of the drying cylinder is usually in the range of 240T to 28 (TF (116 ° C to 138 ° 。.) The actual temperature characteristics of the drying cylinder depend in part on the drying cylinder arrangement and drying. Number of cylinders and yarn speed. In a hot air drying oven, the air temperature in the oven is usually between 275 卞 and 300 °F (135 ° C to 149 ° C). After drying, the warp yarn passes through a series of yarn split rods. The warp yarn sheets are separated and the warp yarn sheets are combined by a hook-shaped steel file assembly and comb to ensure that no ends are adhered to each other. The yarn sheets are then wound onto the woven shaft. Both the initial starch-oil coating and the sizing slurry are both It is incompatible with the polymeric resin matrix material used to impregnate the woven fabric incorporated into the coated yarn. Therefore, prior to incorporating the fabric woven from such yarns into the matrix material, it must be cleaned, for example, by heat and/or Or washing to remove these coatings from the fabric. For example, a 'typical one-step thermal cleaning process may require heating the fabric for 70 to 8 hours at 6 to 8 inches (3 16 to 427 ° C). To remove the main sizing composition of the starch oil and the sizing slurry. In the step operation, the fabric is unrolled in an oven where it is exposed to a flame to burn off a portion of the slurry and then heated at 600 F to 800 F (316 C to 427 ° C) for 50 to 60 hours. The first step in the process is sometimes called $coking and is often used to thermally clean fabrics woven from rovings (ie, 7628 style fabrics). The main sizing composition that will be compatible with the resin matrix material during molding 158854.doc 201217295 Applied to individual glass fibers, it has been found that it is not necessary to apply additional poly-yarn charges to protect the glass fibers. This eliminates the need to apply additional fiber materials to achieve additional fiber protection. However, it has been observed that by, for example, The warp yarn is passed through a slasher, heated and dried (sometimes referred to as "dry poly yarn") without the addition of sizing slurry, and the resin-compatible coating is easily used from a plurality of sleeves. When wound on a weaving shaft to form a weaving shaft, the number of weaving shaft defects (such as end breaks) caused by winding and twisting ends is excessive. The wound ends are wound around the top of each other and twisted on top of each other. Together It is particularly troublesome because it can cause end breaks during weaving, which in turn is related to fabric quality issues such as missing, end fluffing, end scratching and undesired yarn splicing. However, without sizing In the case of slurries, the ability to fabricate the weaving shaft on a slasher with a warp yarn coated with a tree-like phase grain is of great importance, since the main method of forming the weaving shaft in the textile weaving industry is to use a sizing machine and Most of the weaving operations already have such equipment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is generally directed to low density and high strength glass fibers, and relates to glass fiber strands, yarns, fabrics, and for reinforcement applications. It comprises a composite of low density and high strength glass fibers. - Some embodiments of the invention relate to glass fiber strands. The disclosure of the amount of fiberizable glass composition is an integral part of the present invention, and it should be understood that embodiments of the present invention may comprise glass fiber 'glass fiber strands, yarns, and other glass fibers incorporating the compositions. product. In one aspect, the glass fiber strands of the present invention comprise a plurality of broken fibers comprising a glass composition of 158854.doc 201217295, the glass composition comprising the following components:

Si02 60-68 Weight ° / 〇; B203 7_12% by weight; A1203 9·15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 〇 -4% by weight; Li20 0-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; K20 0-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; F2 0-1% by weight;

Ti 〇 2 0-2% by weight; and other components total 〇 5% by weight; wherein (Li20 + Na20 + K20) content is less than 2% by weight and wherein the MgO content is at least twice the CaO content by weight %. In another aspect, the glass fiber strand of the present invention comprises a plurality of glass fibers comprising a glass composition comprising the following components:

Si02 53.5-77 wt%; B203 4.5-14.5 wt%; _ A1203 4.5-18.5 wt%; MgO 4-12.5 wt%; CaO 0-10.5 wt〇/〇; Li20 〇_4 wt%; Na20 0-2 wt 158854.doc ~ 8 - S 201217295 K20 0-1 wt % ;

Fe203 0-1 wt%; F2 0-2 wt%;

Ti02 0-2% by weight; and other components total 〇-5 wt%. In some embodiments, the plurality of glass fibers can have a diameter of between about 5 microns and about 13 microns. In some embodiments, the fiberglass strands are at least partially coated with the sizing composition. Some embodiments of the invention pertain to yarns formed from at least one glass fiber strand formed from the glass compositions described herein. One such embodiment of the invention relates to a fabric incorporating at least one glass fiber strand formed from the glass composition described herein. In some embodiments, the weft yarns used in the fabric may comprise at least one fiberglass strand. In some embodiments, the warp yarns can comprise at least one fiberglass strand. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands can be used in both the weft and warp yarns used to form the fabric of the present invention. In one embodiment, the fabric of the present invention may comprise a plain woven fabric, a twill fabric, a crepe fabric, a satin woven fabric, a stitch woven fabric or a 3D woven fabric. Some embodiments of the invention relate to composites comprising a polymeric resin and glass fibers formed from one of the various glass compositions described herein. The glass fibers can be derived from the glass fiber strands of some embodiments of the invention. In one of the apricots, the glass fiber can be incorporated into a fabric such as a woven fabric. For example, the glass fibers can be stored in weft and/or warp yarns that are woven to form the fabric. In embodiments where the composite comprises a fabric, the fabric may comprise a plain weave, a twill weave, a wrinkle fabric, a satin weave, a stitch weave or 31 weave.

S 158854.doc -9 201217295 is fabric As discussed in more detail below, glass fibers can also be incorporated into the composite in other forms. With respect to the polymer resin, the composite of the present invention may comprise one or more of various polymer resins. In some embodiments, the polymer resin comprises the following: one: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamine, polyimide, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyamine Phthalate, phenolic resin, polyester, vinyl ester, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, cyanate ester, bis-maleimide and thermosetting polyurethane resin . In some embodiments, the polymeric resin can comprise an epoxy resin. The composites of the present invention can take a variety of forms and can be used in a variety of applications. By way of example and not limitation, the composite may include aerospace composites, aerospace composites, radomes, laminates, fiber-metal laminates, and others. As an example, the fiber-metal laminate may comprise various layers of a glass reinforced composite and a metal sheet. In one embodiment, the fiber-metal laminate may comprise a prepreg comprising a polymer resin and a fabric comprising a plurality of glass fibers formed from one of the various glass compositions described herein, • a first metal sheet Adhesively fixed to one surface of the prepreg; and a second metal sheet adhesively fixed to the second surface of the prepreg to position the prepreg on the two metals Between the pieces. In another embodiment, a second prepreg can be included and positioned between the second sheet of metal and the third sheet of metal. In an embodiment, the metal sheet may comprise aluminum and the polymer resin may comprise an epoxy resin. These and other embodiments are discussed in more detail in the subsequent embodiments. [Embodiment] For the purposes of this specification, unless otherwise stated, all numbers expressed as 158854.doc •10-201217295, reaction conditions, and the like used in this specification φ 麻田 &, 蔷θ蔷In all cases, it should be understood that the term "about" is modified. Therefore, unless the contrary is stated, (4), the numerical parameters described in the following paragraphs (4) are all near (4) which may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be achieved by the present invention. At the very least, and not intended to limit the application for patent reinforcement and T month. For the application of the principle of finding the effect of the target range, the per-digital parameter should be interpreted at least according to the number of reported effect bits and by using ordinary rounding techniques. Although the numerical range of the broad scope of the present invention is The parameters are approximate, but the values stated in the specific examples are reported as accurately as possible. However, any value inherently contains errors that are necessarily caused by the standard deviations present in the applicable test measurements. It should be further noted that unless clear and unambiguous The singular forms "a", "the" and "the" are used in the singular. Strengthening some materials (e.g., polymeric resins) with glass fibers provides the composite with improved impact resistance and/or other desirable mechanical properties. For some fiberglass reinforced applications, it may be desirable to use stronger, lighter, and more cost effective fiberglass. The combination of high intensity and/or high modulus and low density may be especially important for some aerospace and transportation applications where weight is often an important design parameter. Glass fibers useful in some embodiments of the present invention can exhibit high strain, high strength, and/or low fiber density compared to glass fibers comprising E-glass, for a given fiber volume fraction or given composite performance. This combination allows the glass fiber reinforced composite to have a lower areal density. In some embodiments, the glass fibers can be first disposed on

S 158854.doc . η _ 201217295 in the fabric. In some embodiments, the glass fibers of the present invention may be provided in other forms including, for example, without limitation, in the form of chopped strands (dry or wet) yarns, textured paper, prepregs, and the like. Briefly, various embodiments of glass compositions (and any fibers formed therefrom) can be used in a variety of applications. A fiberizable glass composition has been developed which provides improved electrical properties (i.e., low dielectric constant Dk and/or low dissipation factor Df) relative to standard E-glass' while providing more benefit than previous low Dk glass solutions. The temperature-viscosity relationship of commercially actual fiber forming. Such a glass composition is described in U. Another alternative to the glass compositions described in U.S. Patent No. 7,829,490 and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13/229,012 is that at least some of the compositions are commercially available because of the relatively low cost of the raw material batch. Some embodiments of the invention relate to glass fiber strands. Some embodiments of the invention relate to yarns comprising glass fiber strands. Some embodiments of the yarns of the present invention are particularly suitable for weaving applications. Additionally, some embodiments of the invention relate to fiberglass fabrics. Some embodiments of the fiberglass fabrics of the present invention are particularly useful for intensive applications, particularly in applications where low density and high modulus high strength and/or high failure strain are important. Moreover, some embodiments of the present invention relate to composites incorporating glass fiber strands, glass fiber yarns, and fiberglass fabrics, such as fiber reinforced polymer composites. Some of the composites of the present invention are particularly useful for intensive applications, particularly in applications where low density and high modulus, high strength, and/or high strain at failure are important, such as aerospace, aerospace, wind, radome, and other applications. Some complex of the invention

158854.doc -12- S 201217295 The composition may be particularly suitable for any application where high impact resistance and low density are desirable. Examples include, inter alia, aerospace applications, aerospace applications, automotive applications, marine applications, wind energy applications, bridge construction, and radomes. Some embodiments of the invention relate to aerospace composites. Other embodiments of the present application relate to aerospace composites. Still other embodiments of the invention relate to composites suitable for wind energy applications. Some embodiments of the invention relate to prepregs. Other embodiments of the invention relate to laminates. Some embodiments of the present invention relate to fiber-metal laminates that are useful, for example, in aircraft secondary structures (e.g., 'glass fiber prepregs positioned between sheet metal'). Other embodiments of the invention relate to radomes. Some embodiments of the invention relate to glass fiber strands. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands of the present invention comprise a plurality of glass fibers comprising a glass composition comprising the following components:

SiO2 60-68% by weight; B2O3 7-12% by weight; AI2O3 9-15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 0-4% by weight; Li20 0-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; κ2ο 0-1 weight ° / 〇; Fe2 〇 3 0-1 weight ° / 〇; f2 0-1% by weight; Ti02 〇 - 2% by weight; and 158854.doc 13 · 201217295 Other components total 0-5 weight. /〇. In some embodiments the '(Li2?+Na20+K20) content may be less than 2% by weight and the MgO content may be at least twice the CaO content by weight %. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands of the present invention comprise a plurality of glass fibers comprising a glass composition comprising the following components:

Si02 53.5-77 wt%; B2O3 4.5-14.5 wt%; AI2O3 4.5-18.5 wt%; MgO 4-12.5 wt%; CaO 0-10.5 wt%; Li2〇0-4 wt%; Na2〇0-2 wt% K2〇0-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; f2 〇-2% by weight; T1O2 0-2 by weight. /〇; and other ingredients total 0-5 wt%. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands of the present invention comprise a glass composition comprising:

Si02 60-68% by weight; B2〇3 7-12% by weight; AI2O3 9-15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 0-4% by weight; 158854.doc -14 - 201217295

Li20 >〇-2% by weight;

Na20 0-1% by weight; K20 0-1% by weight;

Fe2〇3 〇-1 wt % ; F2 0-1 wt % ;

Ti02 〇-2% by weight: and other components total 0-5% by weight; wherein the LhO content is greater than the NazO content or the Κ2〇 content. Some other glass compositions are disclosed herein as part of the present invention, and other embodiments of the invention pertain to glass fiber strands formed from such compositions. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands formed from the glass compositions described herein can exhibit desirable properties such as improved fiber strength, Young's modulus, strain at failure, and/or coefficient of linear thermal expansion, while also exhibiting Relatively low density. Glass fiber strands comprising other glass compositions as disclosed herein may also exhibit one or more of these desirable properties. The glass fiber strands may comprise glass fibers of different diameters depending on the intended application. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands of the present invention comprise at least one glass fiber having a diameter of between about 5 μηη and about 13. In other embodiments, at least one of the glass fibers has a diameter of between about 5 μm and about 7. In some embodiments, the glass fiber strands of the present invention can form rovings. The roving may comprise plied, multi-end or directly drawn single end rovings. The roving comprising the glass fiber strands of the present invention may comprise straight yarns having different diameters and densities

S 158854.doc -15· 201217295 The single end roving is drawn, depending on the intended application. In some embodiments, the roving comprising the glass fiber strands of the present invention exhibits a density of up to about 112 ydsHb. Some embodiments of the invention relate to yarns comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the yarn of the present invention comprises at least one glass fiber strand comprising a glass composition comprising 60-68 wt% SiO 2 , 7-12 wt% B2 〇 3, 9-15 wt% Al2〇3, 8-15% by weight MgO, 0-4 weight °/〇CaO, 0-2% by weight Li20, 0-1% by weight Na20, 0-1% by weight Κ2〇, amount % F203, 〇·1 weight % F2, 0-2 wt% Ti02 and a total of 0-5 wt% other ingredients. In some embodiments, the yarn comprises at least one glass fiber strand comprising a glass composition comprising 53.5-77 wt% SiO 2 , 4.5-14.5 wt% B2 〇 3, 4.5-18.5 wt% Al 2 〇 3 4-12.5 wt% MgO, 0-10.5 wt% CaO, 0-4 wt% Li20, 0-2 wt% Na20, 0-1 wt% K20, 〇-1 wt% f203, 〇-2 wt❹/. F2, 0-2% by weight Ti〇2 and a total of 0-5 wt% of other ingredients. In other embodiments, the yarn of the present invention may comprise at least one fiberglass strand comprising one of the other glass compositions disclosed herein as part of the present invention. In some embodiments, the yarn of the present invention comprises at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein wherein the at least one fiberglass strand is at least partially coated with a sizing composition. In some embodiments, the sizing composition is compatible with the thermoset polymer resin. In other embodiments, the sizing composition can comprise a starch-oil sizing composition. The yarns can have different line mass densities depending on the intended application. The yarn of the present invention has a thread mass density of 5, y yds/lb to about 10, 〇〇〇 yds/lb in a 158854.doc •16-201217295 a]. ^ Lines can have different levels and directions, depending on the intended application. At — In the example of the invention, the yarn of the present invention has a twist of from about 〇 $ to about 2 machine/in the z direction. In other embodiments, the yarn of the present invention has a twist of about 0.7 twists per inch in the Z direction. The yarn may be made by twisting together and/or plying one or more strands, depending on the intended application. The yarn may be made of twisted together but not plied - or ki k, which is referred to as "single yarn". The yarn of the present invention may be made of one or more strands that are twisted together but not plied. In some embodiments, the yarn of the present invention comprises from 1 to 4 twisted strands. In other embodiments, the yarn of the present invention comprises a twisted root strand. Some embodiments of the yarns comprising the glass compositions of the present invention exhibit improved fracture load retention after thermal cleaning and finishing, as compared to yarns made from conventional glass compositions. Some embodiments of the invention relate to fabrics comprising at least one fiberglass strand. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises at least one glass fiber strand comprising a glass composition comprising 60-68 wt% Si〇2, 7-12 wt% b2〇3, 9-15 wt% Al2〇 3, 8-15% by weight Mg〇, 〇_4% by weight CaO, 〇-2% by weight Li20, 0-1% by weight Na20, 0-1% by weight K20, 0-1% by weight f2〇3, 0-丨Weight % f2, 0-2 wt% Ti〇2 and a total of 0-5 wt% of other ingredients. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises at least one glass fiber strand comprising a glass composition comprising 5 3.5 - 77 wt% SiO 2 , 4.5 - 14.5 wt % B2 〇 3, 4.5 - 18.5 wt%

S 158854.doc _ 17. 201217295

Al2〇3 ' 4-12.5 weight. /. MgO, (Mo. 5 wt% Ca〇, 〇4 wt% B2〇, 0-2 wt% Na2〇, (M wt% κ2〇, 〇1 wt% ρ2〇3, 〇-2 wt% F2, 〇 _2 wt% Ti〇2 and a total of 〇5 wt% of other ingredients. In other embodiments, the fabric of the present invention may comprise at least one of the other glass compositions comprising a portion of the invention not disclosed herein. Fiberglass strands. In some embodiments, the fabric of the present invention comprises a yarn as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric of the present invention may comprise to the root comprising at least one glass as disclosed herein. Weft yarns of the fiber strands. In some embodiments, the fabric of the present invention may comprise at least one warp yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric of the present invention comprises at least one At least one weft yarn of a glass fiber strand as disclosed herein and at least one warp yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a fabric, the glass fiber fabric is The fabric pattern is woven 7 7 81 woven fabric. In other embodiments, the fabric comprises plain woven fabric, twill fabric, crepe fabric, satin woven fabric, stitch woven fabric (also known as non-crimped fabric) or "three-dimensional" woven fabric. Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a composite. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers One comprises a glass composition comprising the following components: 60-68 wt% 51〇2, 7-12 wt% 6203, 9-15 wt% 八12〇3, 8-15 wt% MgO, 0 -4% by weight CaO, 0-2% by weight Li20, 0-1% by weight Na20, 0-1% by weight K20, 0-1% by weight F2〇3, 〇_1% by weight ρ2, 〇_158854.doc •18 - 201217295 2% by weight Ti〇2 and a total of 0-5 wt% of other ingredients. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein the plurality At least one of the root glass fibers comprises a glass group The glass composition comprises the following components: 53 5-77 wt% Si02, 4.5-14.5 wt% B2〇3, 4.5-18.5 wt% 八1203'4-12.5 wt% ^^0, 0-10.5 wt% €&〇,〇_4重量0/〇

Li20, 0-2 wt% Na20, 0-1 wt% K20, 0-1 wt% F2〇3, 0-2 wt% F2, 0-2 wt% Ti02 and a total of 0-5 wt% of other components. In other embodiments, the composite of the present invention may comprise a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is disclosed herein as part of the present invention. One of the other glass compositions forms "In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least a portion of the roving comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In other embodiments, 'the composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and at least one yarn as disclosed herein disposed in the polymer resin." In still other embodiments, the composite of the present invention comprises a polymer. A resin and at least one fabric disposed in the polymer resin as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention comprises at least one weft comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein and at least one warp yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. The composite of the present invention may comprise various poly s 158854.doc • 19- 201217295 composite resins depending on the desired properties and applications. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a composite, the polymeric resin comprises an epoxy resin. In other embodiments of the invention comprising a composite, the polymer resin may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamine, polyimide, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyamine Formate, phenolic resin, polyester, vinyl ester, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, cyanate ester, bis-maleimide and thermosetting polyurethane resin . Some embodiments of the invention relate to aerospace composites. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention exhibits desirable properties for aerospace applications such as high modulus, high strain at failure, and/or low density. The low density of some of the aerospace composites of the present invention may make such composites particularly desirable for aerospace applications where weight reduction is important. The aerospace composite of the present invention can also be less expensive than other composites for aerospace applications. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the S-polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass and fiber-containing glass combination # The glass composition comprises the following components: 60-68 wt% Si〇2, 7-12 wt% B2〇3, 9_i 5 wt/〇Al2〇3, 8-15 wt% Mg〇,〇-4 by weight. /. CaO, 0-2 wt/〇Li2〇, 〇-1 wt% Na2〇, wt% 〖2〇, wt% F2〇3 ' 0-1 reset % f2, 〇_2 wt% 耵〇 2 and total 〇 · 5 wt% other injuries. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymer tree and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, the glass The composition comprises the following components: 53 5-77% by weight Si〇2, 4 5_14 55% by weight 158854.doc • 20- 201217295 B2〇3 4.5-18.5 Weight. /〇Al2〇3, 4-12.5% by weight MgO, 0-10.5% by weight Ca〇, 〇_4% by weight Li2〇, 〇_2% by weight Ν&2〇, 〇1% by weight K2〇, (M% by weight F2〇3, 〇_2% by weight F2, weight% snoring 2 and total ten 5% s A other components. In other embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention may comprise a polymer resin and be disposed in the polymer resin The plurality of glass fibers are formed from one of the other glass compositions not disclosed herein as part of the present invention. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and is disposed in the polymer resin. At least one of the glass fiber strands as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and is disposed in the polymer resin comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. At least a portion of the roving. In other embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one yarn disposed as disclosed herein in the polymeric resin. In still other embodiments, The aerospace composite comprises a polymer resin and at least one fabric as disclosed herein disposed in the polymer resin. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises at least one of the at least one as disclosed herein The weft of the glass fiber strands and at least one warp yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. The aerospace composite of the present invention may comprise various polymeric resins depending on the intended properties and application. In some embodiments of the invention, the polymer resin comprises an epoxy resin. In other embodiments of the invention comprising an aerospace composite, the polymer resin may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene 'poly158854.doc • 21 - 201217295 Indoleamine, polyimine, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane, phenolic resin, polyester, vinyl ester, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide, Polyetheretherketone, cyanate ester, bis-maleimide, and thermosetting amine phthalic acid vinegar resin. Examples of components that can be used in the aerospace composite of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, Panels, overhead bins, kitchens, backrests, and other internal compartments that may be subject to impact, as well as external components (eg, helicopter rotating blades). Some embodiments of the invention relate to aerospace composites. In some embodiments, The inventive aerospace composites exhibit desirable properties for aerospace applications, such as high modulus, high strain at failure, and/or low density. The high failure strain of some aerospace composites of the present invention allows such composites to be used in high impact resistance. Aerospace applications of very important nature, such as aircraft interior applications, are particularly desirable. In some embodiments, the aerospace composites of the present invention can exhibit improved impact performance compared to composites formed from E-glass fabrics. The inventive aerospace composites can also be less costly than other composites for aerospace applications. The aerospace composite of the present invention can be applied to aircraft interiors (especially including luggage storage bins, seats and floors). In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, the glass composition Contains the following components: 60-68 wt% 8丨〇2, 7-12 wt% 82〇3, 9-15 wt% Al2〇3, 8-15 wt% MgO '0-4 wt% CaO, 0-2 Weight% Li20, 〇-1 by weight. /. Na20, 0-1% by weight K20, 0-1 weight 〇/〇F203, 0-1% by weight ρ2, 0-2% by weight Ti02 and total 0-5wt% other 158854.doc •22· 201217295 In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, and the glass composition comprises The following components: 53.5-77 wt% SiO 2 , 4.5-14.5 wt 〇 / 0 82 〇 3, 4.5-18.5 wt% 八 12 〇 3, 4-12.5 wt%] ^ 〇, 0-10.5 wt ° /. CaO, 〇-4 weight. /◦ Li2〇,〇_2% by weight Na20, 0-1% by weight K2〇, 0-1% by weight F2〇3, 0-2% by weight f2 '0-2% by weight Ti02 and total s ten 0-5 weight % other ingredients. In other embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention may comprise a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is not disclosed herein. One of a portion of the other glass compositions is formed. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least a portion of the roving comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In other embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one yarn disposed as disclosed herein in the polymeric resin. In still other embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one fabric as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention comprises at least one weft comprising at least one of the glass fiber strands as disclosed herein and at least one warp yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. s 158854.doc -23- 201217295 The aerospace composite of the present invention may comprise a variety of polymeric resins depending on the intended properties and application. In some embodiments of the invention comprising an aerospace composite, the polymeric resin comprises a phenolic resin. In other embodiments of the invention comprising an aerospace composite, the polymeric resin may comprise an epoxy resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamido, polyimine, polybutylene dimercaptoate, poly carbon is曰, thermoplastic polyurethane, phenolic resin, polyester, vinyl fluorene double pentylene, polystyrene, polyether ether ketone, cyanate, bis-maleimide and Thermosetting polyamino phthalate resin. Examples of components that may be used with the aerospace composite of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, floor panels, overhead bins, kitchens, backrests, and other interior compartments that may be susceptible to attack, as well as external components (e.g., helicopter rotating blades). The present invention relates to composites that can be used in wind energy applications. - In the example only, the composite of the invention for wind energy application is used; several target applications: σ, ') · biomass ' < column & high modulus / high failure strain and low density and suitable for Fengyue b The composite of the invention applied can also be used for other wind energy applications. The cost of goods is low. The composite of the present invention can be applied to wind turbine blades, especially for longer wind turbine blades, which are lighter in weight but stronger than other long wind turbine blades. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention suitable for wind energy applications comprises a resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, and at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition. The glass composition comprises the following components. 'Injury. 60-68% by weight Si〇2, 7_12% by weight B2〇3, 9-15% by weight A1 〇3 8-15 Weight MgO, 〇-4% by weight 158854.doc - 24- 201217295 0-1% by weight F2〇3, 0-1% by weight F2, 0-2% by weight Ti〇2 and a total of 0-5% by weight of other ingredients. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention suitable for wind energy applications comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, The glass composition comprises the following components: 53 · 5 - 77 weight 0 / 〇

Si〇2, 4.5-14.5 wt% B2〇3, 4.5-18.5 wt% Al2〇3, 4-12.5 wt% MgO, 0-10.5 wt% CaO, 0-4 wt. /〇Li2〇,〇_2 wt% Na2〇,〇-1 wt% K20, 0-1 wt% F203, 〇-2 wt% F2, 0-2 wt% Ti〇2 and total 0-5 wt% other Ingredients. In other embodiments, the aerospace composite of the present invention may comprise a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is disclosed herein as the present invention. One of a portion of the other glass compositions is formed. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention suitable for use in wind energy applications comprises a polymeric resin and at least one of the glass fiber strands as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the composite of the invention suitable for use in wind energy applications comprises a polymeric resin and at least a portion of the roving comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In other embodiments, the composite of the invention suitable for use in wind energy applications comprises a polymer resin and at least one of the yarns disposed therein as defined herein. In still other embodiments, the composite of the present invention suitable for use in wind energy applications comprises a polymeric resin and at least one fabric as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the composite of the present invention suitable for use in wind energy applications comprises at least one weft yarn comprising at least one fiberglass strand as disclosed in 158854.doc -25 201217295 and at least one comprising at least one such as The warp yarns of the glass fiber strands disclosed herein. The composites of the invention suitable for use in wind energy applications may comprise a variety of polymeric resins' depending on the intended properties and application. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a composite suitable for wind energy applications, the polymeric resin comprises an epoxy resin. In other embodiments of the invention comprising a composite suitable for wind energy applications, the t-compound resin may comprise a polyester resin, a vinyl ester, a thermosetting polyurethane or a polybiscyclopentadiene resin. Some embodiments of the invention relate to laminates. The laminate of the present invention may comprise a plurality of lamellar layers that are combined to form a laminate. In some embodiments the laminate of the present invention comprises at least one layer comprising a composite as described herein. In some embodiments, the laminate of the present invention comprises at least one layer of a package 3 composite. The composite comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein the plurality of glass fibers are At least one of the glass compositions comprises a glass composition comprising the following components: 60-68 wt% Si〇2, 7-12 wt% b2〇3, 9-15 wt% A1203, 8-15 wt% Mg〇 , 〇 _4 weight. /〇Ca〇,〇_2wt% Li2〇, ο”重里/〇Na2〇,〇_ι Weight〇/〇Κ2〇,〇]wt% F2〇3,〇1 wt% F2, 0-2% by weight Ti〇2 and total 〇 5% by weight of other ingredients. In some practical examples, the laminate of the present invention comprises at least one layer comprising a composite, and the 3 meta-complex comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein the plurality of glass fibers At least one of the fibers comprises a glass composition. The glass composition comprises the following components: 53.5-77 wt%

Si〇2, 4.5-14.5 wt% B2〇3, 4.5-18.5 wt% Al2〇3, 4-12.5 158854.doc •26- 201217295 wt% MgO, 0-10.5 wt% CaO, 0-4 wt% U2〇 〇_2 wt% Na20, 0-1 wt% K20, 0-1 wt% F2〇3, 0-2 wt% F2, 0-2 wt% Ti〇2 and a total of 0-5 wt% of other components. In other embodiments, 'the laminate of the present invention may comprise at least one layer comprising a composite' comprising a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein the plurality of glass fibers are At least one of the other glass compositions disclosed herein as part of the present invention is formed. In some embodiments, the laminate of the present invention comprises a composite comprising a polymeric resin and disposed in the polymerization. At least one of the resin resins is a glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the laminate of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least a portion of the roving comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In other embodiments, the laminate of the present invention comprises a composite comprising a polymeric resin and at least one yarn as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In still other embodiments, the laminate of the present invention comprises a composite comprising a polymeric resin and at least one fabric disposed in the polymeric resin as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the laminate of the present invention comprises at least a root package 3 to; a weft yarn of a glass fiber strand as disclosed herein and a glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. Warp. The laminate of the present invention may comprise various polymeric resins which are used depending on the intended properties. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a laminate, the polymer resin comprises an epoxy resin. In other embodiments of the invention comprising a composite, the polymeric resin may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamine, polyphthalamide

S 158854.doc -27· 201217295 Amine, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane, phenolic resin, polyester, vinyl ester, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide , polyether ketone, cyanate vinegar, bis-maleimide and thermosetting polyamino phthalate resin. Some embodiments of the invention relate to prepregs. The prepreg of the present invention may comprise a polymeric resin and at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers in contact with the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, the glass composition comprising The following components: 60-68% by weight Si02, 7-12% by weight B2〇3, 9-15% by weight Al2〇3, 8-15% by weight MgO, 0-4% by weight CaO, 0-2% by weight Li20, 0-1% by weight Na20, 0-1 weight °/〇K20, 0-1% by weight F203, 0-1% by weight F2, 0-2% by weight Ti02 and a total of 0-5% by weight of other components. In some embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers in contact with the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, the glass composition comprising The following components: 53.5-77 wt% Si〇2, 4.5-14.5 wt% B203, 4.5-18.5 wt% 八12〇3, 4-12.5 wt%]^80, 0-10.5 wt% €&0, 〇 _4% by weight Li2〇, 〇_2% by weight Na2〇, 〇1% by weight κ2〇, 〇1% by weight F2〇3, 0-2% by weight F2, 〇_2% by weight Ti〇2 and total 〇·5 Weight% other ingredients. In other embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention may comprise a polymer tree and a plurality of glass fibers in contact with the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is disclosed herein. One of the other glass compositions of the invention is formed. 158854.doc • 28· 201217295 In some embodiments the prepreg of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein in contact with the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least a portion of the roving comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In other embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one yarn as disclosed herein in contact with the polymeric resin. In still other embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention comprises a polymeric resin and at least one fabric as disclosed herein in contact with the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention comprises at least one weft comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein and at least one warp yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein. The prepreg of the present invention may comprise various polymeric resins depending on the intended properties and application. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a prepreg, the polymeric resin comprises an epoxy resin. In other embodiments of the invention comprising a prepreg, the polymeric resin may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamido, polyimide, polybutylene dimerate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyamine Phthalate esters, phenolic resins, polyesters, vinyl esters, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide 'polyetheretherketones, cyanate esters, bis-maleimide and thermosetting polyurethane resins. In some embodiments of the invention, the prepreg can be incorporated into other products. For example, in some embodiments, the prepreg of the present invention can be incorporated into a fiber-metal laminate. It may be advantageous to incorporate the prepreg of the present invention into a fiber-metal laminate, as in some embodiments, a metal sheet (e.g., aluminum) that is used with respect to s 158854.doc -29-201217295 b Alloy sheet The prepreg can have excellent crack arresting properties and specific gravity. Some fiber-metal laminates (such as =LARE and ARALL) are well known, and the prepreg of the present invention can be easily incorporated into them. In the construction, fiber-metal laminates such as GLARE ("glass laminates") and ARALL (fiber-metal laminates based on aromatic polyamide fibers) have been developed for use in aerospace applications. Lightweight body materials for applications where GLARE is typically used for airframe applications and ARALL is typically used for wing applications. Traditionally by using fiberglass/epoxy prepregs (unidirectional or biaxial) with pretreated Aluminum foil (ie, 0.2-0.4 mm thick 2024 T3 foil, using a special process to enhance adhesion to the composite layer) alternately to construct glare fiber-metal laminates. These laminate structures can be widely used in aircraft structures. In this case, due to stress concentration (for example, holes, riveting , edge) has excellent fatigue properties, reduced corrosion rate and low crack propagation characteristics. The laminates are usually molded under heat and pressure in an autoclave or press. GLARE fiber-metal pressure Examples of layers can be incorporated into 3 layers of aluminum and 2 layers of biaxial composites and are sometimes referred to as GLARE 3/2 laminates. There may also be 4 layers of 3 and 3 layers of composites, or 5 layers of layers and 4 layers of composites. Examples of the present invention. The prepreg of the present invention can be incorporated into GLARE and ARALL fiber-metal laminates (or other fiber-metal laminates) as a substitute for the currently used glass fiber prepreg in such products. The fiber 'metal laminate may comprise a prepreg according to some embodiments of the invention, a first metal sheet adhesively attached to one surface of the prepreg, and an adhesively fixed to the second surface of the prepreg a second metal sheet to position the prepreg between the two metal sheets. In some embodiments, the multilayer prepreg can be 158854.doc • 30· 201217295 into: 3/2 arrangement (Two prepreg layers are metal/prepreg/metal/pre-dip) / metal arrangement between three metal sheets), 4/3 arrangement (three prepreg layers with metal / prepreg / metal / prepreg / metal / prepreg / metal arrangement between four metals Between sheets), arrangement (four prepreg layers in metal/prepreg/metal/prepreg/metal/prepreg/metal/prepreg/metal arrangement between five metal sheets) or Other arrangements. In some embodiments, the metal sheet may comprise aluminum or other metal commonly used in fiber-metal laminates. In one embodiment, the polymer resin used in the prepreg comprises an epoxy resin. In some embodiments, the prepreg is adhesively secured to the metal sheet using an adhesive film for controlled bond line thickness as is known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments T, since the prepreg is polymerized with a polymer resin (e.g., epoxy) to adhere the prepreg to the metal sheet, a separate adhesive is not required. Some embodiments of the invention relate to radomes. The radome is a radar housing or structural housing that is typically constructed using a material that provides a low dielectric constant to reflect at most 7 signals from/from the radar. The combination of high cost fibers (e.g., quartz and aromatic polyamides) and high strength glass fibers with various resin systems has been successfully used to make radomes. In addition to radar transparency requirements, the radome material preferably provides high stiffness/strength and excellent durability to withstand environmental burdens (wind, snow, rain, ice, fluctuating temperature, and UV degradation). The glass fibers of some embodiments of the present invention may have a "electrical constant at 53 MHz, but higher than quartz (about 3.5), lower than E-glass (6.3-6.6 at 1 MHz) and comparable to s_2 glass ( 5 5 at 1 MHz makes it suitable for fiberglass applications for radome applications. In some embodiments, the radome of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and is provided with a polymer resin 158854.doc -31 - 201217295 a plurality of glass fibers, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition comprising the following components: 60-68 wt% 8丨〇2, 7-12 wt% 82〇3 '9-15% by weight A1203, 8-15% by weight MgO' 0-4% by weight CaO, 0-2% by weight Li20, 0-1 weight ❶/. Na20, 〇-1% by weight K20, 0-1% by weight F203, 0-1% by weight Fa, 0-2% by weight. Ti02 and a total of 0-5 wt% of other components. In some embodiments, the radome of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and is disposed in the polymer resin. a plurality of glass fibers, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition, the glass combination The composition comprises the following components: 53.5-77 wt% Si02, 4.5-14.5 wt% B2〇3, 4.5_ 18.5 wt% Al2〇3, 4-12.5 wt% MgO, 0-10.5 wt% CaO, 0-4 wt% Li20, 0-2 wt% Na20, 0-1 wt% K20, 0-1 wt% F203, 0-2 wt% F2, 0-2 wt% Ti02 and a total of 0-5 wt% other components. In other examples The radome of the present invention may comprise a polymer resin and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymer resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is other glass combinations disclosed herein as part of the present invention. In some embodiments, the radome of the present invention comprises a radar housing or structural rupture comprising a polymer resin and at least one glass disposed therein as disclosed herein Fiber strands. In some embodiments, the radome of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and at least a portion of the rovings comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein disposed in the polymer resin. In other embodiments, This hair The radome comprises a polymer resin and at least one yarn as disclosed herein disposed in the polymer resin. 158854.doc -32- 201217295 In still other embodiments, the radome of the present invention comprises a polymer resin And at least one fabric as disclosed herein disposed in the polymeric resin. In some embodiments, the radome of the present invention comprises at least one weft yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as disclosed herein and at least one The root comprises at least one warp yarn of a fiberglass strand as disclosed herein. The radome of the present invention may comprise a variety of polymeric resins depending on the intended properties and application. In some embodiments of the invention relating to a radome, the polymeric resin may comprise an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamine, polyimide, polybutylene terephthalate, poly Carbonates, thermoplastic polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyesters, vinyl esters, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, cyanate esters, bis-maleimide and thermosetting Polyurethane resin. Glass fibers useful in the present invention can be prepared by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, the methods described above. In addition, the primary sizing composition can be applied to the glass fibers using any suitable method known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the sizing composition can be applied immediately after the formation of the glass fibers. The sizing composition may comprise any suitable sizing composition known to those skilled in the art for use in intensive applications. In some embodiments, the sizing composition is free of starch _ oil sizing composition. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a slurry composition that does not contain a powdered-oil sizing composition, 'the sizing composition is not required to be further treated with a sizing composition before the fibers or strands are used in a weaving application. Glass fiber strands. In other embodiments in which the package a is free of the powder-oil sizing composition, the sizing group may be further used before the fiber or strand is used for the weaving application.

S 158854.doc •33· 201217295 The compound is treated with sizing fiberglass or fiberglass strands. In some embodiments of the invention comprising a primary sizing, and a sigma, the sizing composition may comprise a starch _ oil sizing group 5 . In some embodiments of the present invention comprising a powder-oil sizing composition, the starch-oil sizing composition can be removed from the fabric formed by the upper polyglass or glass fiber strands. In some embodiments, starch/oil slurry can be removed from the fabric using any suitable method known to those skilled in the art such as, but not limited to, thermal cleaning. In an embodiment of the invention comprising a fabric having a starch-oil sizing composition removed, the fabric of the present invention may be further treated with a lacquer finish. The glass fiber strands of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art. The glass fiber fabric of the present invention can be prepared generally by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, 'axe, v (weft yarn) (also known as "fiU yarn"). Interwoven in a plurality of warp yarns. The I-weaving can be achieved by "positioning the warp yarns on the loom in a substantially parallel plane array" and then weaving the weft yarns into the warp yarns by passing the weft yarns back and forth through the warp yarns in a predetermined repeating pattern. The pattern used depends on the desired fabric pattern. Warp yarns can generally be prepared using techniques known to those skilled in the art. The Λ'y is typically formed by drawing a plurality of molten glass streams from a casing or a spinning machine. The sizing composition can then be applied to individual glass fibers and the fibers can be gathered to form strands. The strands can then be processed into yarns by transferring the strands to the bobbin via a kneading machine. During this transfer, the strands may be twisted to help hold the bundles together. These twisted strands can then be wrapped around the bobbin and the bobbins can be used in the weaving process. 158854.doc •34- 201217295 The warp yarns were positioned on the loom using techniques known to those skilled in the art. The warp yarn can be positioned on the loom by means of a weaving shaft. The weaving shaft comprises a specific number of warp yarns (also referred to as "ends") wound around the cylindrical core in a substantially parallel arrangement (also referred to as "warp sheet"). The weaving shaft preparation may comprise combining a plurality of yarn packages (each of which includes a portion of the number of ends required for the weaving shaft) into a single package or weaving shaft. For example, but not limited herein, a 5 〇 吋〇 27 cm wide 778 丨 style fabric with a DE75 yarn input typically requires 2,868 ends. However, the conventional equipment used to form the weaving shaft does not allow all of these ends to be transferred from the bobbin to a single warp beam in one job. It is thus possible to manufacture a plurality of warp beams (generally referred to as knives) containing a portion of the desired end and then combine to form a woven shaft. A knife shaft in a manner similar to a weaving shaft may comprise a cylindrical core comprising a plurality of substantially parallel warp yarns wrapped around it. Although those skilled in the art will recognize that the arbor can contain any number of desired warp yarns to form the final woven shaft, it is generally not necessary to limit the number of ends contained on the shaft to the warping machine capacity. For the 7871 style fabric, it is generally provided with four sub-axes having 717 ends (each end being a _5 yarn end) and providing 2868 ends required for the warp sheets when combined' as discussed above. The composite of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, vacuum assisted resin infusion molding, extrusion compounding, compression molding, resin transfer molding, filament winding. , prepreg / high pressure dad curing and pultrusion. The inventive complexes can be prepared using such molding techniques as are known to those skilled in the art. In particular, embodiments of the composites of the present invention incorporating woven fiberglass fabrics can be prepared using techniques known to those skilled in the art for the preparation of such composites 158854.doc-35-201217295. As an example, some of the composites of the present invention can be prepared using vacuum assisted compression molding, which is well known to those skilled in the art and is briefly set forth below. As is well known in the art, a stack of pre-impregnated glass fabrics is placed on a press platen using vacuum assisted compression molding. In some embodiments of the invention, the stack of prepreg glass fabrics may comprise one or more fabrics of the invention as described herein that have been cut to the desired size and shape. After the stacking of the corresponding number of layers is completed, the press is closed and the platen is attached to the vacuum pump to compress the upper platen onto the fabric stack until the desired pressure is reached. The vacuum assists in escaping the trapped air within the stack and reducing the amount of voids in the molded laminate. After the pressure plate is attached to the vacuum pump, the platen temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature setting specifically for the resin used to accelerate the conversion rate of the resin (eg, thermosetting resin) and maintained at the temperature and pressure settings until the laminate Fully cured. At this point, the heater is turned off and the platen is cooled by water circulation until it reaches room temperature. The platen can then be opened and the molded laminate can be removed from the press. As another example, some of the composites of the present invention can be prepared using vacuum assisted resin infusion techniques, as further illustrated herein. The stack of glass fabrics of the present invention can be cut to the desired size and placed on a glass table that has been subjected to a polyoxygen oxide release treatment. The stack can then be covered with a release ply, assembled with flow enhancing media, and vacuum bagged using a nylon (nyl〇n) bag film. Then, a vacuum pressure of about 27 inches Hg can be applied to the so-called "lamination". The polymer resin to be reinforced with glass fiber fabric can be prepared using techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example, for some aggregations 158854.doc

S • 36 - 201217295 For the resin, 'appropriate resin (for example, amine curable epoxy resin) and appropriate curing agent (such as 'amine for amine curable epoxy resin') are recommended or familiar to the resin manufacturer. Mixes are known in the art. The combined resin can then be degassed in a vacuum chamber for 30 minutes and poured into the fabric preform until the fabric stack is substantially completely wet. At this time, the table can be covered with a thermal blanket (set to a temperature of about 45 ° C to 50 ° C) for 24 hours. The resulting rigid composite can then be demolded and cured in a programmable convection oven at about 25 Torr for 4 hours. However, as is known to those skilled in the art, various parameters (e.g., degassing time, heating time, and post-cure conditions) may vary depending on the particular tree-sand system used, and those skilled in the art will know how to base the particular resin. The system selects these parameters. The laminate of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, perfusion. The prepreg of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, passing a glass fiber strand, roving or fabric through a resin bath; using a solvent based resin; or using a resin film. The fiber-metal laminate of the present invention can be prepared by using the prepreg of the present invention in any suitable manner known to those skilled in the art. The radome of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art. As mentioned above, some embodiments of the invention may comprise a plurality of glass fibers. Glass fibers suitable for use in the present invention may have any suitable diameter known to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended application. Glass fibers suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention have a diameter of from about 5 μηη to about 13 μηη. Suitable for this

S 158854.doc -37- 201217295 The glass fibers of other embodiments of the invention have a diameter of from about 5 μm to 7 μm. Additionally, the glass fibers and glass fiber strands suitable for use in the present invention may comprise various glass compositions which also represent embodiments of the present invention. Some examples of such glass fibers and glass fiber strands are set forth above and others are described below. One example of a glass fiber or fiberglass strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the present invention comprises a glass composition, The glass composition comprises

Si〇2 60-68% by weight; B2〇3 7-12% by weight; Al2〇3 9-15% by weight; Mg〇8-15% by weight; CaO〇-4% by weight; Li2〇0-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; K2〇0-1% by weight; Fe2〇3 0-1 weight °/〇; f2 0-1% by weight; Ti〇2 0-2% by weight; and other components totaling 0-5 weight 0/〇. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising Si〇2 60-68 wt%; B2〇3 7-12 wt%; Al2〇3 9 -15% by weight; 158854.doc • 38 - 201217295

MgO 8 -1 5 wt%; CaO 0-4 wt%; Li20 > 0-2 wt%; Na20 wt%; K20 0 -1 wt%; Fe203 0-1 wt%; f2 〇_1 wt%; Ti02 〇_2% by weight; and other components total 0-5 wt〇/〇; wherein the Li20 content is greater than the Na2〇 content or the Κ2〇 content. In other embodiments the 'CaO content is 〇 _ 3% by weight. In still other embodiments, "the content is 〇_2% by weight. In some embodiments, the (f) content is by weight. In some embodiments of the invention, the Mg ◦ content is 8-13% by weight. In other embodiments, the MgO content is 9-12% by weight. In some embodiments, the Τι〇2 content is 0-1 by weight. In some embodiments, the b2〇3 content is no more than 10% by weight. In some of the present invention In the examples, the content of barley 2〇3 is 914% by weight. In other embodiments, the content of Ah〇3 is 1〇-13% by weight. In some embodiments, the content of (LizO+NazO+K2.) is less than 2 % by weight. In one embodiment, the composition contains 0-1% by weight of BaO and 0-2% by weight of ZnO. In other embodiments, the composition is substantially free of BaO and substantially free of ZnO. In some implementations In the example, 'other ingredients, if any, are present in a total amount of 〇_2 重量./〇. In other embodiments, 'other ingredients, if any, are present in a total amount of 丨% by weight. In some embodiments, The Li2 bismuth content is from 0.4 to 2.0% by weight. In other embodiments comprising from 0.4 to 2.0% by weight of Li20 content, 158854 .doc •39- 201217295

The content of Li2〇 is greater than the content of (Na2〇+K2〇). Another example of a glass fiber or fiberglass strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising

Si02 60-68% by weight; B2O3 7-13% by weight; AI2O3 9-15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 0-4% by weight; Li20 0-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; K20 0-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; f2 0-1% by weight; and Ti02 0-2% by weight. In some embodiments, the glass composition is characterized by a relatively low level of CaO, e.g., on the order of about 〇4% by weight. In still other embodiments, the CaO content can be about 〇 -3 weight % /. The order of magnitude. In some embodiments, the MgO content is twice (in % by weight) of the CaO content. Some embodiments of the invention may have a content of greater than about 6.0% by weight of 2MgO, and in other embodiments may have a MgO content of greater than about 7.0% by weight. Some of the glass compositions suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention may be characterized by the presence of less than 1.0% by weight of BaO. In the examples in which only the trace amount of the impurity BaO is present, the BaO content may not exceed 〇·〇5 wt%. Another example of a glass fiber or fiberglass strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention 158854.doc • 40-201217295 An example comprises a glass composition comprising SiO 60 60-68 wt%; B2O3 7-12 wt%; ai2o3 9-15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 〇_4% by weight; U20 > 0-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; k2o 0-1% by weight; Fe2〇3 0-1 weight %; f2 0-1% by weight; Ti〇2 0-2% by weight; and other components totaling 0-5% by weight; wherein the LiaO content is greater than the Na2〇 content or the Κ2〇 content, and wherein the components are selected to provide Glass with a dielectric constant (Dk) less than 6.7 at 1 MHz. In other embodiments, the components are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 6 at a frequency of 1 MHz. In still other embodiments, the components are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 5 8 at a frequency of 1 MHz. In some embodiments, the components are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 5.6 at an i MHz frequency. The composition of the glass composition suitable for use in some embodiments of the present invention can be selected based on the expected molding temperature (defined as the temperature at which the viscosity is 1 Torr) and/or the expected liquidus temperature. In some embodiments, glass fiber or glass fiber strands suitable for use in the present invention comprise a glass composition comprising

S 158854.doc 201217295

Si02 B2O3 Al2〇3 MgO CaO L12O Na20 K2〇Fe2〇3 F2 Ti〇2 60-68% by weight; 7-12% by weight; 9-15% by weight; 8- 15% by weight; 0-4% by weight; 0-2% by weight; 0-1% by weight; 0-1% by weight; 0-1% by weight; 0-1% by weight; 0-2% by weight; and other components total 〇_5% by weight; wherein LhO content is greater than NhO content or Κ2〇 content, and wherein the ingredients are selected to provide a molding temperature TF of no greater than 1370 ° C at a viscosity of 1000 poise. In other embodiments, the components are selected to provide a molding temperature Tf of no greater than 1320 C at a density of 1 Torr. In still other embodiments, the components are selected to provide a molding temperature TF of no greater than 13 〇〇 ° C at a viscosity of 1 Torr. In some embodiments, the components are selected to provide a forming temperature TF of no greater than 1290 ° C at a mooring viscosity. In some embodiments, the components are selected to provide a molding temperature TF of no greater than 1 3 70 ° C at a viscosity of 1000 poise and a liquid phase temperature TL of at least 55 ° C below the molding temperature. In other embodiments, the components are selected to provide a molding temperature TF of no greater than 1320 ° C at a viscosity of 1 Torr and a liquid phase temperature TL of at least 55 ° C below the molding temperature. In still other embodiments, the components are selected to provide at • 42-158854.doc

S 201217295 The molding temperature TF of not more than 1300 ° C under 1000 poise viscosity and the liquid phase temperature τ L of less than 5 5 ° C below the molding temperature. In some embodiments, the components are selected to provide a liquidus temperature TL at a molding temperature tfA of no greater than 1290 ° C at a viscosity of 1000 poises of at least 55 ° C below the molding temperature. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising Β2〇3 less than 12% by weight; αι2ο3 9-15% by weight; Mg〇8-1 5 weight %; CaO 0-4% by weight; Si〇2 60-68% by weight; Li20 > 0-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; K2〇0-1% by weight; Fe2〇3 〇_1% by weight ; f2 0-1% by weight: and Ti〇2 0-2% by weight; wherein the glass exhibits a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 6.7 and a molding temperature of not more than 1370 ° C at a viscosity of 1 Torr (TF) And wherein the Li20 content is greater than the Na20 content or the civilian 2〇 content. In some embodiments, the CaO content is 〇-1% by weight. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising Si〇2 60-68% by weight; B2〇3 7-12% by weight; 158854.doc - 43· 201217295

Al2〇3 9-15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 0-3% by weight; Li20 0.4-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight; κ2ο 〇-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight ; f2 〇-1% by weight •, and Ti〇2 〇-2% by weight; wherein the glass exhibits a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 5.9 and a molding temperature (TF) of not more than 1300 ° C at a viscosity of 1000 poise and The LhO content is greater than the Na2〇 content or the K2O content. Another example of a glass fiber or fiberglass strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition consisting essentially of:

Si〇2 60-68% by weight; B203 7-11% by weight; A1203 9-13% by weight; MgO 8-13% by weight; CaO 0-3% by weight; Li20 0.4-2% by weight; Na20 0-1% by weight K20 0-1% by weight; (Na2〇+K2〇+Li2〇) 0-2% by weight; 158854.doc • 44 - 201217295

Fe2〇3 〇-1% by weight; f2 0-1% by weight; and Ti〇2 0-2% by weight; wherein the Ll2〇 content is greater than the Na2〇 content or the κ20 content. In some embodiments the 'CaO content is 〇·ι% by weight. In some examples including 〇_丨% by weight of Ca〇, the B2〇3 content does not exceed 1 〇 weight 0/〇. Another consistent example of a glass fiber or fiberglass strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the present invention comprises a glass composition comprising

Si02 60-68% by weight; B2O3 7 -1 〇% by weight; AI2O3 9 -15% by weight; MgO 8 -15% by weight; CaO 0 - 4% by weight; Li20 > 0-2% by weight; Na20 0 -1 by weight %; κ2ο 0-1% by weight; Fe203 0 -1% by weight; f2 0 -1% by weight; Ti〇2 0-2% by weight: and other components 0-5% by weight; wherein the Li2〇 content is greater than the Na2〇 content or K2 〇 content. In some embodiments, the wounds are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (1) 小于 less than 6.7 at a W ΜΗζ frequency. In other embodiments, the components are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 6 at a frequency of 1 Torr. In still other examples, the damages are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (10) of less than 5.8 at the frequency of the i-leg 2. In some embodiments, the components are selected to provide a glass having a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 5 6 at a frequency of 1 MHz. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising:

Si〇2 53.5-77 weight 〇/0; B203 4_5-14.5% by weight; Al2〇3 4.5 - 18.5 weight 〇/〇; Mg〇 4-12.5 weight. /〇; CaO 0-10.5% by weight; Li2〇〇-4% by weight; Na20 0-2% by weight; K2〇0-1% by weight; Fe203 〇_1% by weight; f2 0-2% by weight; Ti02 0- 2% by weight; and other ingredients total 0-5% by weight. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising

S

SiO2 60-77 wt%; B2O3 4.5-14.5 wt%; AI2O3 4.5-18.5 wt%; MgO 8-12.5 wt%; CaO 0-4 wt%; 158854.doc -46 - 201217295

Li20 0-3 wt%; Na20 0-2 wt%; K2〇0-1 wt%; Fe2〇3 0-1 wt%; f2 0-2 wt%; Ti〇2 0-2 wt%; 0-5 wt%. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising: si〇2 at least 60% by weight B2O3 5-11% by weight; AI2O3 5-18% by weight; MgO 5-12% by weight; CaO 0-10% by weight; L12O 0-3% by weight; Na20 0-2% by weight; κ2ο 0-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; f2 0-2% by weight; Ti 〇2 0-2% by weight; Ά Other components total 0-5 wt%. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising:

Si02 60-68 weight %;

S 158854.doc -47- 201217295 B203 5-10% by weight; A1203 10-18% by weight; MgO 8-12% by weight; CaO 〇-4% by weight; Li20 0-3% by weight; Na20 0-2 by weight/ κ; κ2ο 0-1 wt%; Fe203 0-1 wt%; f2 0-2 wt%; Ti02 0-2 wt%; and other components total 0-5 wt%. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising:

Si〇2 62-68% by weight; B203 7-9 Weight °/〇; A1203 11 -18% by weight; MgO 8-11% by weight; CaO 1-2% by weight; Li20 1-2% by weight; Na20 0-0.5 % by weight; K20 0-0.5% by weight; Fe2〇3 〇-〇.5重量%; f2 0.5-1% by weight; Ti〇2 0-1% by weight; and -48-158854.doc

S 201217295 Other ingredients total 0-5 wt%. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising:

Si〇2 62-68% by weight; B2〇3 less than about 9% by weight; A12〇3 10-18% by weight;

Mg〇 8-12% by weight: and

CaO 0-4% by weight; wherein the glass exhibits a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 6.7 and a molding temperature (TF) of not more than 1370 °C at a viscosity of 1000 poise. Another example of a glass fiber or fiberglass strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising: B2〇3 less than 14 weight percent per 〇;

Al2〇3 9-15% by weight;

MgO 8-15% by weight ;

CaO 0-4% by weight; and

Si〇2 60-68% by weight; wherein the glass exhibits a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 6.7 and a molding temperature (TF) of not more than 1370 °C at a viscosity of 1000 poise. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the present invention comprises a glass composition comprising: B2O3 less than 9% by weight; AI2O3 11-18% by weight;

MgO 8-11 weight ° / 〇; 158854.doc -49- 201217295

CaO 1-2% by weight; and

Si〇2 62-68% by weight; wherein the glass exhibits a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 6.7 and a molding temperature (TF) of not more than 1370 °C at a viscosity of 1000 poise. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising:

S

Si02 60-68% by weight; B2O3 7-13% by weight; Al2〇3 9-15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 0-3% by weight; Li2〇0.4-2% by weight; Na20 〇-1 weight %; k2o 0-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; f2 〇-1% by weight: and Ti〇2 〇-2% by weight; wherein the glass exhibits a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 5.9 and is at 1000 poise The molding temperature (TF) of not more than 1300 ° C under viscosity. Another example of a glass fiber or glass fiber strand suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention comprises a glass composition comprising: Si〇2 60-68% by weight; B2O3 7-11% by weight; AI2O3 9-13 weight % ; 158854.doc -50- 201217295

MgO 8-13% by weight; CaO 0-3% by weight; Li20 0.4-2% by weight; Na2〇0-1% by weight; K20 0-1% by weight; (Na20+K20+Li20) 0-2 Weight〇/0 Fe203 0-1% by weight; f2 0-1% by weight; and Ti02 0-2% by weight. In addition to or in lieu of the features of the present invention described above, some embodiments of the glass compositions of the present invention may be utilized to provide a glass having a dissipation factor (Df) lower than that of standard electronic E-glass. In some embodiments, the Df may not exceed 0.0150 at 1 GHz, and in other embodiments does not exceed 0.0100 at 1 GHz. In some embodiments of the glass composition. The i GHzT DF does not exceed 0_007 'and in other embodiments! It does not exceed 0.003 at GHz, and in other embodiments does not exceed 0.002 at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, the glass composition of the present invention useful for glass fibers or glass fiber strands is characterized by a relatively low level of Ca 〇, for example, on the order of about 0 to 4 weight percent. In still other embodiments, the Ca 〇 content can be on the order of from about 0 to about 3% by weight. In still other embodiments, the ca 〇 content can be on the order of from about 0 to about 2 weight percent. In general, the ca 〇 content is minimized to improve electrical properties, and in some embodiments the Ca 〇 content has been reduced to a low level so that it can be considered an optional ingredient. In some other embodiments, the CaO content can be 158854.doc • 51-s 201217295 is on the order of about 1-2% by weight. On the other hand, such a glass has a relatively high MgO content, wherein in one embodiment, the MgO content is twice (in % by weight) of the Ca 〇 content. Some embodiments of the invention may have a weight content greater than about 5. and in other embodiments the MgO content may be greater than 8.0 weight percent. In some embodiments, the compositions are characterized by a MgO content, for example, on the order of about 8-13% by weight. In still other embodiments, the MgO content can be on the order of about 912 weights of 0/◦. In some other embodiments, the Mg cerium content can be on the order of about 8-12% by weight. In still other embodiments, the Mg 〇 content may be on the order of about 8-10% by weight. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention useful for glass fibers or glass fiber strands are characterized by a (MgO + CaO) content, for example, less than 16% by weight. In still other embodiments, the (MgO + CaO) content is less than 13% by weight. In some other embodiments, the (MgO + CaO) content is 7-16% by weight. In still other embodiments, the (MgO + CaO) content can be on the order of about 1 〇 13 wt%. In still other embodiments, the compositions may be characterized by a ratio of (Mg0 + CaO) / (Li20 + Na20 + K20) content of the order of about 9. In some embodiments, the ratio of 'Li2〇/(MgO+CaO) content may be on the order of about 0-2.0. In still other embodiments, the ratio of U2 〇 / (Mg () + CaO) content may be on the order of about 2.0. In certain embodiments, the ratio of 'Li2〇/(MgO+CaO) content can be on the order of about 1 _0. In some other embodiments, the (SiOdBW3) content can be on the order of 7 〇 76% by weight. In still other embodiments, the (Si〇2+B2〇3) content may be 7〇 • 52· 158854.doc 201217295 weight °/. The order of magnitude. In other embodiments, the (Si〇2+B2〇3) content may be on the order of 73% by weight. In still other embodiments, the ratio of ai2〇3 wt% to B2〇3 wt% is on the order of 1 to 3. In some other embodiments, the ratio of Α1ζ〇3 wt% to B2〇3 wt% is on the order of 1 > 5 to 2.5. In certain embodiments the 'Si〇2 content is of the order of 65 to 68% by weight. As noted above, some of the prior art compositions have the disadvantage of requiring a large amount of BaO to be infused, and it should be noted that BaO is not required in some embodiments of the glass compositions of the present invention. Although the advantageous electrical and manufacturing properties of the present invention do not exclude the presence of BaO', the unintentional inclusion of BaO may be considered as an additional advantage of some embodiments of the present invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention may be characterized by the presence of less than 1% by weight of BaO. In the examples in which only trace impurities are present, the BaO content may be said to not exceed 〇.〇5 wt%. The compositions of the present invention which are useful in glass fiber or glass fiber strands include prior art methods in which the amount of 1 〇 3 is less than that dependent on high ha to achieve low enthalpy. This result provides significant cost savings. In some embodiments, the ho content is required to be no more than 13% by weight or no more than 12% by weight. Some embodiments of the invention also pertain to the ASTM definition of electronic E-glass, i.e., no more than (7) wt% B2O3. In some embodiments, the compositions are characterized by a cerium content, e.g., on the order of about 5-11% by weight. In some embodiments, the bismuth content. It can be 6·η weight. /. . In some embodiments the '(iv) content may be 6-9 wt%. In some embodiments, the content of Β2〇3 may be 51% by weight. In some of the examples, the Β2〇3 content is not more than 9% by weight. In still some of them: In the examples, the content of Β2〇3 is not more than 8 wt%/〇. 158 158854.doc -53- 201217295 In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention useful for glass fibers or glass fiber strands are characterized by an Alz〇3 content, such as on the order of about 18% by weight "in some embodiments. The content of Α1ζ〇3 may be 9.18% by weight. In still other embodiments, the ALA content is of the order of about 1% to about 18% by weight. In some other embodiments, the Α1ζ〇3 content is of the order of about 1〇-16% by weight. In still other embodiments, the 'Αΐ2〇3 content is of the order of about 1 〇 丨 4 wt%. In certain embodiments, the A12〇3 content is on the order of about 1114% by weight. In some embodiments, the LhO is an optional component. In some embodiments, the compositions are characterized by a level of 2 Torr, such as on the order of about 42% by weight. In some embodiments, the Li2〇 content is greater than the (Na2〇+K2〇) content. In some embodiments, the (Li2〇+Na2〇+K2〇) content is no more than 2% by weight. In some embodiments, the (Li2〇+Na2〇+K2〇) content is on the order of about Μ by weight. In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are characterized by a Ti2 content, such as on the order of about 0 to 1% by weight. In some embodiments of the compositions set forth above, the components are formulated to provide a glass having a dielectric constant lower than the standard E-glass dielectric constant. This can be compared to the standard electronic E-glass, which can be less than about 67 at the i MHz frequency. In other embodiments, 'at! The dielectric constant (Dk) can be less than 6 at the MHz frequency. In other embodiments, the dielectric constant (Dk) may be less than 5.8 at i). Other embodiments exhibit a dielectric constant (Dk) of less than 56 or even lower at the Weihe 112 frequency. In other embodiments, at! The dielectric constant (Dk) at MHz can be less than 5,4. In still other embodiments, the frequency is ι MHz 158854.doc

S -54- 201217295 The power-down constant (Dk) can be less than 5.2. In still other embodiments, at! The dielectric constant (Dk) at MHz frequency can be less than 5.0. The compositions set forth above may also have a desirable temperature-viscosity relationship that is beneficial to the actual commercial manufacture of the glass fibers. In general, lower temperatures are required to make fibers than prior art D_glass type compositions. Desirable properties can be manifested in a variety of ways, and can be obtained by any of the embodiments of the compositions described herein, alone or in combination. For example, certain glass compositions can be prepared within the ranges set forth above, which exhibit no more than 137 (TC forming temperature (TF) at 1 Torr. Some embodiments Tf is not greater than 132 (TC, or no greater than 1300, or no greater than 129 〇 < 3 (:, or no greater than 1260 C, or no greater than 1250 ° C. These compositions may also encompass molding pulse and liquid phase The difference in temperature (TL) is a positive number of glasses, and in some embodiments the 'forming temperature is at least 55 ° C greater than the liquidus temperature, which facilitates the commercial manufacture of fibers from such glass compositions. In general, minimization The organic oxide content of the glass composition used to form the glass or glass fiber strands can help reduce Dk. In some embodiments where optimization is expected to be reduced, the total amount of the organic oxide can be no more than 2 weight of the glass composition. %. In some embodiments, it has been found that minimizing Na2〇 and ΙΟ is more effective than LhO in this respect. The presence of a basic oxide generally results in a lower molding temperature. Therefore, the present invention is preferred in providing a relatively low molding temperature. In these embodiments, The amount is incorporated into Li2〇, for example at least 44 wt〇/0. For this purpose 'in some embodiments, the Li2〇 content is greater than the Na20 or K20 content, and in other embodiments the U20 content is greater than the sum of the Na2C^K20 content. 'In some embodiments it is two or more times. 158854.doc • 55- 201217295 In some embodiments an advantageous aspect relies on the ingredients conventionally used in the fiberglass industry and the avoidance of expensive ingredients from a large number of raw materials. In this aspect, components other than those specifically recited in the composition definition of the glass of the present invention may be included, if not required, but the total amount is not more than 5 by weight. These optional wounds include a melting aid, Clarification aids, colorants, trace impurities, and other additives known to the glass manufacturer. Compared to some prior art low Dk glasses, the composition of the present invention does not require Ba〇, but cannot exclude the inclusion of a small amount of BaO (for example, at most Also, in the present invention, a large amount of ZnO is not required, but in some embodiments, a small amount (e.g., up to about 2.0 weight / 〇) may be included. In other embodiments, the total amount of 'optional ingredients' does not exceed 2% by weight or does not exceed 1% by weight. Another option is 'Some embodiments of the invention are said to consist essentially of the specified ingredients. The choice and its cost are primarily determined by its purity requirements. For example, typical commercially available ingredients for E-glass manufacturing contain various chemical forms.

Na2〇, K20, Fe203 or FeO, SrO, F2, Ti〇2, S03 and other impurities. Most of the cations of such impurities increase the Dk of the glass by forming non-bridged oxygen with si〇2 and/or b2〇3 in the glass. Sulfate (expressed as SO3) can also be present as a refined preparation. There may also be impurities from the raw materials or from contamination during the melting process, such as Sr〇, BaO, Cl2, P205, Cr2〇3 or NiO (not limited to such specific chemical forms). Other refinements and/or processing aids may also be present, such as AS2〇3, MnO, Mn02, Sb203 or Sn02 (not limited to such specific chemical forms). These 4 impurities and refinements (if present) are typically each less than the total glass composition 158854.doc

An amount of 0.5% by weight of S-56 - 201217295 is present. Elements of the rare earth elements of the Periodic Table of the Elements may be added to the compositions of the present invention as appropriate, including atomic numbers to (,), "(Y) and 57 to 71 (Lu). These may serve as processing aids or Used to improve the electrical, physical (thermal and optical), mechanical and chemical properties of glass. Considering the original chemical form and oxidation state, rare earth additives can be included. Adding rare earth elements is optional, especially In other embodiments of the invention for the purpose of minimizing the cost of raw materials, this is because it can increase the cost of the batch even at low concentrations. In either case, the cost generally indicates the amount of the rare earth component (in the form of an oxide) Measured, if included, in an amount not greater than about 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the total glass composition. In some embodiments of the invention 'especially with glass fiber, glass fiber strands formed from E-glass Compared with related products, glass fiber, glass fiber 2 strands and other products of these fibers or strands can be displayed as examples of mechanical shells. 5, especially one of the glass fibers of the present invention compared with E-glass fibers. Some embodiments may have a relatively high specific strength or a relatively high specific modulus ratio. The strength refers to the tensile strength (in N/m2) divided by the specific gravity (in N/m3 juice). The modulus (in N/m2) divided by the specific gravity (at N/m3 °10) has a relatively south specific strength and / or a relatively high specific modulus of glass fiber / / / / mechanical properties or product performance It may be desirable to reduce the total weight of the composite at the same time. Examples of such composites are set forth above and include, for example, aerospace or aerospace applications (eg, aircraft interior flooring), wind energy applications (eg, windmill blades) ), fiber_metal laminate applications and others. As another example of mechanical properties, compared to rovings incorporating E-glass fiberglass strands (J according to ASTM D2343, on the order of 350-400 ksi), this 158854. Doc 5 • 57- 201217295 Some embodiments of the inventive glass fiber strands may exhibit increased tensile strength during rough frying formation (eg, in accordance with ASTM D2343, in the order of 400-430 ksi in some embodiments). It is known that 'glass fibers are usually at least partially formed after formation. Divided by sizing composition. In general, the glass fibers of the present invention for forming glass fiber strands, fabrics, composites, laminates, and prepregs can be at least partially coated with a sizing composition. One skilled in the art can select one of a variety of commercially available sizing compositions for glass fibers based on a variety of factors including, for example, the performance properties of the sizing composition, the expected flexibility cost of the resulting fabric, and the like. Factors. Non-limiting examples of commercially available sizing compositions useful in some embodiments of the invention include syrup compositions for single end rovings such as Hybon 2026, Hybon 2002, Hybon 1383,

Hybon 2006, Hybon 2022, Hybon 2032 ' Hybon 2016 and

Hyb〇n 1062; and is commonly used on enamel compositions such as 1383, 611, 900, 610, 695, and 690, each of which refers to a PIP Industries sizing composition product. As mentioned above, some embodiments of the invention may comprise a fabric. Any suitable fabric design known to those skilled in the art for reinforcement applications can be used. Suitable fabrics may include fabrics made using standard textile equipment such as a sword looms, sheet weave looms or air jet looms. Non-limiting examples of fabrics include plain woven fabrics, twill fabrics, crepe fabrics, and woven fabrics. In some embodiments of the invention, stitchbonded or non-crimped fabrics may also be used, which may include, for example, one-way, two-axis And triaxial non-crimped fabrics. In addition, some embodiments of the invention may also use 3D weaving woven 158854.doc

S .58· 201217295. Such fabrics can be manufactured using a dobby or jacquard faucet using a multi-layer warp end having an opening. As described above, the composite of the present invention may comprise warp yarns and weft yarns. Any suitable warp and weft yarns known to those skilled in the art for reinforcing applications can be used. For example, in some embodiments, the warp yarns can comprise G75 yarn, DE75 yarn, DE150 yarn, and/or G150 yarn. As noted above, in some embodiments, the composite of the present invention may comprise a polymeric resin. Various polymer resins can be used. Polymer resins which are known to be useful for intensive applications are especially useful in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the polymeric resin can comprise a thermosetting resin. Thermoset resin systems useful in some embodiments of the invention may include, but are not limited to, epoxy resin systems, phenolic based resins, polyesters, vinyl esters, thermoset polyurethanes, polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) Resins, cyanate esters and bis-maleimide. In some embodiments, the polymeric resin can comprise an epoxy resin. In other embodiments, the polymeric resin may comprise a thermoplastic resin. Thermoplastic polymers useful in some embodiments of the invention include, but are not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide (including nylon), polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyamine tannic acid Ester (TPU), polyphenylene sulfide and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Non-limiting examples of commercially available polymer trees useful in some embodiments of the invention include EPIKOTE Resin MGS® RIMR 135 epoxy resin with Epikure MGS RIMH 1366 curing agent (available from Momentive Specialty^! , Ohio) ' Applied Poleramic MMFCS2 Epoxy Resin (available from Applied Poleramic, Benicia, California) and EP255 Modified Epoxy Resin (purchased from Barrday Composite s, 158854.doc -59- 201217295

Solutions, Millbury, μα). EXAMPLES Some example embodiments of the invention will now be illustrated in the following specific, non-limiting examples. Example 1 Some of the properties of the glass compositions useful in some embodiments of the present invention were measured under controlled processing conditions using conventional test methods known to those skilled in the art. Some of the measured properties are listed in Table 1. The inclusion criteria of Ε_glass and commercially available ΝΕ-glass properties are used for reference. The properties listed on the market ΝΕ glass are from the literature. The data in Table 1 indicates the improved thermal, chemical and mechanical stability of the glass fiber display suitable for use in the present invention compared to E-glass. The glass fiber suitable for use in the present invention is 30% stronger and stronger than the bismuth-fiber. As measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the glass fiber of the sample in the surface contains a glass composition, the glass composition contain

Si02 63·02±0.25 wt%; B2O3 9.39±0.15 wt%; AI2O3 11·60±0·10 wt〇/〇; MgO 11 ·06±0.15 wt%; CaO 2·54±0_10 wt〇/〇; Na20 〇.38±0·02 weight 〇/〇; K20 0.12±0.01 weight 〇/0; Fe203 0.25±0.05% by weight; f2 0.72±0.15 wt%; Ti02 0.10±0.01 〇/〇; 158854.doc -60- 201217295

Li2〇 0.81±0·05; and S03 0.02% by weight. Table 1. Comparison of properties of glass compositions suitable for use in some embodiments of the invention with properties of other glass compositions Glass: Sample 1 E-glass NE-glass sample 1 relative to E-glass fiber density (g/cm3) 2.41 2.59 2.30 Light 7% Filament tensile strength (MPa) 3660 3010 2800 Toughness 22% Young's modulus (GPa) 72 73 57 Same failure strain (%) 5.08 — 4.90 — Linear thermal expansion from 25°C to 300°C Coefficient (LCTE) (10_6/°C) 4.19 6.06 3.40 Low 30% Softening point (°C) 944 865 - High 9% Acid resistance at 100 °C for 1 hour (% weight loss) ρΗ=0:1Ν h2so4 0.79 1.02 — Strong 23% pH=2:0.1N h2so4 <0.01 0.19 — Strong 90% Refractive index (whole/fiber) 1.518/ 1.510 1.563/ 1.554 - Low 3% Dielectric constant at 10 GHz (Dk) 5.27 — 4.70 - Dissipation factor at 10 GHz (Df) 0.006 — 0.004 - Dielectric breakdown (kV) >50 (0.5 mm) — >50 (unknown) - Electrical strength (V/mil) >2450 ~ 1000 - Volume resistivity (ohm-cm) Ι.ΟχΙΟ13 - Ι.ΟχΙΟ15 - Example 2 In this example, the yarn formed from the glass fiber strand of the present invention is compared ("Sample Yarn") and glass fiber strands formed from the conventional 621 glass composition

S 158854.doc -61 - 201217295 The yarn breaking load of the assembled yarn ("621 yarn"). Each yarn is formed from a single fiber strand having about 200 filaments and has a nominal diameter of 7 microns. After molding, the glass fiber, the dried glass fiber strands are coated with a conventional starch-oil sizing composition and then twisted at 1 捻/mile in the Ζ direction to form m ' and then (9) weft in the warp direction /Yellow leaves and woven into a plain weave fabric at 58 wefts/inch in the weft direction. The breaking load of the fabric was then measured using ASTM 5053. Paper labels were assembled for i-inch wide, 6-inch long fabric strips and loaded on the test frame at a speed of 12 inches per minute until the breakage load was measured for 12 breaks. The average breaking load of the fabric strip made of the sample yarn was 197.5 lbf' and the average breaking load of the fabric strip made of 621 yarn was Ul.7 lbf. The fabric is then thermally cleaned and finished using the same conventional techniques. After hot cleaning and finishing, the fracture enthalpy of the fabric strip was again measured using ASTM 5〇35. A total of 12 fracture load measurements were performed. The average breaking load of the sample fabric was 119.5 lbf and the average breaking load of the 621 fabric was lbf. The breaking load retention rate of the 621 fabric (the breaking load after hot cleaning/finishing divided by the breaking load before hot cleaning and refining χ 1〇〇) was 46. The fracture load retention rate of the sample fabric (breaking load after hot cleaning/finishing divided by breaking load before hot cleaning finishing) was 60.5%, indicating that the breaking load was improved compared to the 621 fabric. Example 3 The tensile properties and impact properties of the laminates of the present invention and their laminates made of glass fibers comprising conventional glass compositions were compared. In this example, a woven fabric ("sample fabric") was woven using 158854.doc • 62·201217295 yarn and weft yarn made of glass fiber strands having the glass composition of the present invention. The comparative fabric was formed from standard E-glass yarn ("E-glass fabric"). Additional details regarding the fabric are provided in Table 2: Table 2 Sample fabric E-glass fabric fabric pattern 7841 7781 Finishing 1383 497-A Weaving pattern 8HS 8HS Warp size DE79 DE75 Weft size DE79 DE75 Count 57x61 57x54 Basis weight 8.68 oz/yd2 8.73 Oz/yd2 thickness 0.008"0.009" Roll length 60 yds 100 yds The pre-impregnated fabric was then incorporated into the laminate using vacuum assisted compression molding. The polymer resin used was purchased from EP 255 modified epoxy resin from Barrday Composite Solutions (Millbury, ΜΑ). Each laminate was incorporated into 10 fabric layers. The vacuum-assisted compression molding setup uses the processing conditions in Table 3: Table 3 Molding temperature 255T Molding time 90 minutes Molding pressure 70 psi By measuring the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite (sample laminate is 115.03 ° C And the E-glass laminate was 116.57 ° C) to verify that the resin had cured properly. The fiber weight fraction of the sample laminate was 65.72% glass, and the fiber weight fraction of the E-glass laminate was 67.39% glass. The tensile properties of the laminate were measured according to ISO 527-4. Analysis of 5 sample pressures 158854.doc • 63- 201217295 layers and 5 E-glass laminates. The initial evaluation of the data indicated that the average tensile strain at break of the sample laminate was slightly increased relative to the E_glass laminate (2·15°/. to 1.95°/.). It also indicates that the sample laminate has a slightly higher tensile strength and a lower tensile modulus. However, these trends cannot be considered statistically significant after the implementation of analysis of variance (AN〇VA). The impact properties of the laminates were also measured according to ASTM 3763 using a 3/8 "hemispherical impactor and an instrumented impact tester on samples of equivalent thickness. The impact properties of the sample laminates with the E-glass laminates were observed to be significantly different. In all cases, the sample laminates resulted in a significant increase in impact performance and total energy absorbed by the sample, and a significant increase in impact performance was confirmed by high monthly δ delivery at maximum load. The average energy of the sample laminate to the maximum load was 30.984 Joules and the Ε-glass laminate system was 14.204 Joules. The average total energy absorbed by the sample laminate was 35.34 Joules and the Ε-glass laminate system was 26 76 joules. Therefore, when subjected to the same impact velocity, the sample laminates absorb an average of 32% more energy than the Ε-glass laminate. In addition, the sample laminate exhibits much less damage than the bismuth-glass laminate and does not reach penetration. Example 4 The glass in this example was prepared by reacting a reagent-grade chemical mixture in a 10% Rh/Pt® at a temperature between 15 ° C and 1550 ° C (2732 ° F to 2822 ° F). It was prepared by melting in powder form for 4 hours. Each batch is about 12 grams. After the 4 hour melting period, the molten glass was poured onto the steel plate and bonfired. To compensate for the volatility loss of ΙΟ3 (for 1200 gram batches, typically about 5% of the total target B2 Ο3 concentration under laboratory batch melt conditions), the boron retention factor in the batch calculation was set to 95%. Unregulated other volatility in the batch 158854.doc 201217295 The emission loss of substances such as fluorides and organic oxides is due to its low concentration in the glass. The compositions in the examples represent batch compositions. The batch composition as illustrated is considered to be close to the measured composition due to the use of reagent grade chemicals during the preparation of the glass and appropriate adjustment of b2o3. By using ASTM test method C965 "Standard Practice for Measuring Viscosity of Glass Above the Softening Point" and C829 "Standard Practices for Measurement of

The liquidus temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method is used to determine the change in melt viscosity with temperature and liquidus temperature. Each glass sample was tested for electrical and mechanical properties using a polished disk having a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 1 - 1.5 mm. The glass samples were made of annealed glass. By ASTM test method D150 "Standard Test

Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials" The dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) of each glass were measured from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. According to this procedure, all samples were pretreated for 40 hours at 25 ° C and 50% humidity. Use ASTM test method C729 "Standard Test"

Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator” Performs a selective test on glass density, in which all samples are annealed. e For the selected composition, the microindentation method is used to determine Young's modulus (in the head unloading cycle) Medium, from the indentation load - the initial slope of the indentation depth curve) and the microhardness (from the maximum indentation load and the maximum indentation depth). For these tests, the same plate sample of tested Dk & Df was used. Five indentation measurements were performed to obtain average Young's modulus and microhardness data. Use commercially available standard reference

S 158854.doc -65- 201217295 Glass monument (product name BK7) to calibrate the microindentation device. The Young's modulus of the reference glass is 90.1 GPa (having a standard deviation of 0.26 GPa) and the microhardness is 4" GPa (having a standard deviation of 0. 02 GPa), which are based on the measurement. All component values in the examples are expressed in % by weight. In the table below, "E" means Young's modulus; rH" means microhardness; ~ means filament strength; and "Std" means standard deviation. Table 4 Composition Samples 1 to 8 provided glass compositions (Table 4) (in % by weight): 3丨〇2 62 5_67.5% 'B2〇3 8.4-9.4% > A1203 10.3-16.0% > MgO 6.5 - 11.1/ό, CaO 1.5-5.2%, Li2〇1.0%, Na2〇0.03⁄4, κ20 0.8%, Fe2〇3 〇.2_〇.8%, f2 0.0%, Ti〇2 〇.〇% and sulfuric acid Salt (expressed as s〇3)〇.〇〇/0. The glasses were found to have a Dk of 5.44 to 5.67 and a Df' of 0.0006 to 0.0031 at 1 MHz and a Df of 5.47 to 6.67 and 0.0048 to 0.0077 at a frequency of 1 GHz. The electrical properties of the Series III compositions were significantly lower than the standard E-glass (ie 'modified' 2Dk & Df, the standard E-glass had a Dk of 7.29 at 1 MHz and a Df of 0.003 and Dkg 7.14 at 1 GHz and Df The composition in Table 4 has 1300 in terms of fiber forming properties of 0.0168 Å. (: molding temperature (TF) to 1372 ° C and forming window (TF-TL) of 89 t: to 222 ° C. This can be compared with the standard E of TF usually in the range of 1170 ° C to 1215 ° C - Glass is comparable. To prevent devitrification of the glass during fiber formation, a molded window (TF-TL) greater than 55 ° C is desirable. All compositions in Table 4 are shown 158854.doc -66· 201217295 Forming window. Although the forming temperature of the composition of Table 4 is higher than that of E-glass', its molding temperature is significantly lower than that of D-glass (usually about 141 Å. (:). Table 4. Some of the embodiments that can be used in the present invention. Glass composition sample: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A1203 11.02 9.45 11.64 12.71 15.95 10.38 10.37 11.21 B203 8.55 8.64 8.58 8.56 8.46 8.71 9 87 9 28 CaO 5.10 5.15 3.27 2.48 1.50 2.95 2.01 1.54 CoO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 〇〇0 62 Fe203 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.53 0.80 0.27 K20 1 0.77 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.79 0.79 0.78 U20 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1 00 1 00 MgO 6.70 7.44 8.04 8.69 9.24 10.39 11-05 11 〇4 Si02 66.48 67.16 66.32 65.42 62.72 65.26 64.12 64.26 Mass Dk, 1 MHz 5.62 5.59 5.44 5.47 5.50 5.67 5.57 5.50 Dk, 1 GHz 5.65 5.62 5.46 5.47 5.53 5.67 5.56 5.50 Df, 1 MHz 0.0010 0.0006 0.0016 0.0008 0.0020 0.0031 0.0012 0.0010 Df, 1 GHz 0.0048 0.0059 0.0055 0.0051 0.0077 0.0051 0.0053 0.0049 TL (°C) 1209 1228 1215 1180 1143 1219 1211 1213 TF(°C) 1370 1353 1360 1372 1365 1319 1300 1316 Tf-Tl(〇C) 161 125 145 192 222 100 89 103 Table 5 Composition Samples 9 to 15 provide glass Composition: Si〇2 60.8-68.0%, B2〇3 8.6% & li.〇%, Al2〇3 8 7_122%, Mg〇9 5 12 5% Ca〇1.0-3, 0%, Li20 0.5-1.5 %, Na20 0.5%, K20 0.8%, Fe203 0.4%, F2 0.3%, Ti02 0.2%, and sulfate (expressed as s〇3) 〇〇%. The glasses were found to have a Dk of 5.55 to 5.95 and a Df' of 0-0002 to 0.0013 at 1 MHz and a Dk of 5.54 to 5.94 and a Df of 0.0040 to 0.005 at a frequency of 1 GHz. The electrical properties of the compositions in Table 5 are significantly lower than the standard E-glass (modified) Dk and Df, and the standard E-glass at 1 MHz is 158854.doc -67-201217295 7.29iDA〇.0〇3iSlGHzTDkg7.14iDA 〇.〇l68» For mechanical properties, 'Table 5 composition has a Young's modulus of 86.5-91.5 GPa and a microhardness of 4.0-4.2 GPa, both equal to or higher than standard e-glass, and standard E-glass has 85.9 GPa Young's modulus and microhardness of 3.8 GPa. The % modulus of the composition of Table 5 was also significantly higher than that of D-glass (about 55 GPa based on literature data). In terms of fiber molding properties, it is at 1170 with TF. (: to the range of 1215 ° C to show it - glass compared to the composition of Table 5 has 1224. 〇 to 1365. 成型 forming temperature (TF) and 6t: to 105 ° C molding window (Tf_Tl). Some (but not all) The composition of Table 5 has a shaped window (TfTl) greater than 551, which in some cases is believed to better avoid devitrification of the glass during commercial fiber forming operations. The forming temperature of the composition of Table 5 is lower than D-break Glass forming temperature (141 〇. 〇, but higher than E-glass. Table 5 · Some glass compositions that can be used in the present invention - some examples

158854.doc 12 13 14 15 12.08 12.18 8.76 12.04 8.71 8.79 8.79 8.68 2.95 1.09 1.09 2.94 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.79 0.79 0,79 0.78 0.50 1.51 1.51 1.49 12.41 12.51 9.81 9.69 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 61.14 61.68 67.80 62.95 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 5.84 5.95 5.60 5.88 5.83 5.94 5.55 5.86 201217295

Df, 1 MHz 0.0007 0.0013 0.0007 0.0006 0.0002 0.0002 0.0011 Df, 1 GHz 0.0042 0.0040 0.0058 0.0043 0.0048 0.0045 0.0053 TL(°C) 1214 1209 1232 1246 1248 1263 1215 Tf(°C) 1288 1314 1287 1277 1254 1365 . 1285 Tf-Tl (°C) 74 105 55 31 6 102 70 E (GPa) 90.5 87.4 86.8 86.5 89.6 87.2 91.5 H (GPa) 4.12 4.02 4.02 4.03 4.14 4.07 4.19 Table 6. Samples of some glass compositions useful in some embodiments of the invention · 16 17 18 19 20 Al2〇3 10.37 11.58 8.41 11.58 12.05 B203 8.71 10.93 10.66 8.98 8.69 CaO 2.01 2.63 3.02 1.78 2.12 f2 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Fe2〇3 0.40 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 k2〇0.79 0.25 0.25 0.16 0.10 u2〇0.50 1.21 1.53 0.59 1.40 MgO 11.06 10.04 9.65 11.65 10.57 NazO 0.52 0.25 0.57 0.35 0.15 Si02 65.13 62.55 65.35 64.35 64.35 Ti02 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Dk, 1 MHz 5.43 5.57 5.30 5.42 Dk, 1 GHz 5.33 5.48 5.22 5.33 Df , 1 MHz 0.0057 0.0033 0.0031 0.0051 Df, 1 GHz 0.0003 0.0001 0.0008 0.0014 TL(°C) 1231 1161 1196 1254 1193 TF(°C) 1327 1262 1254 1312 1299 Tf-Tl (°C) 96 101 58 58 106 Tm(°C) 1703 1592 1641 1634 1633 E (GPa) 85.3 86.1 85.7 91.8 89.5 Std E (GPa) 0.4 0.6 2.5 1.7 1.5 H (GPa) 3.99 4.00 4.03 4.22 4.13 Std H (GPa) 0.01 0.02 0,09 0.08 0.05 158854.doc -69· 201217295 Table 6 (continued) Sample: 21 22 23 24 25 26 Al2〇3 12.04 12.04 12.04 12.04 12.04 12.54 B203 8.65 8.69 10.73 10.73 11.07 8.73 CaO 2.06 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.88 f2 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 2.00 Fe2〇3 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 K20 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.40 Li20 1.53 1.05 1.05 0.59 0.48 MgO 10.47 10.62 9.97 11.26 11.26 11.26 Na20 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50 Si02 63.05 62.42 61.03 60.2 59.97 61.34 Ti02 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Dk, 1 MHz 5.75 5.73 5.61 5.64 5.63 5.35 Dk, 1 GHz 5.68 5.61 5.55 5.54 5.49 5.38 Df, 1 MHz 0.004 0.0058 0.0020 0.0046 0.0040 0.0063 Df, 1 GHz 0.0021 0.0024 0.0034 0.0019 0.0023 0.0001 TlCO 1185 1191 1141 1171 1149 1227 Tf(°C) 1256 1258 1244 1246 1249 1301 Tf-Tl(°C) 71 67 103 75 100 Tm(°C) 1587 1581 1587 1548 1553 E (GPa) Std E (GPa) H (GPa) Std H (GPa) af(KPSI/GPa) 475.7/ 3.28 520.9/3.59 466.5/3.22 522.0 Stdaf (KPSI/GPa) 37.3/0.26 18.3/0.13 41.8/0.29 18.70 Density (g/cm3) 2.4209* 2.4324* 2.4348* Table 7. Some glass combinations that may be used in some embodiments of the invention Samples. 27 28 E-glass Al2〇3 12.42 12.57 13.98 B2〇3 9.59 8.59 5.91 CaO 0.11 0.10 22.95 f2 0.35 0.26 0.71 158854.doc •70- 201217295

Fe203 0.21 0.21 0 36 K20 0.18 0.18 0.11 Li20 0.80 1.01 〇MgO 10.25 10.41 0.74 Na20 0.15 0.18 0.89 Si02 65.47 65.96 54.15 Ti〇2 0.17 0.17 0 07 Dk, 1 MHz 5.3 5.4 73 Dk, 1 GHz 5.3 5.4 7.1 Df, 1 MHz 0.003 0.008 Df, 1 GHz 0.011 0.012 0.0168 TL(°C) 1184 1201 1079 Tf(°C) 1269 1282 1173 Tf-Tl (°C) 85 81 94 E (GPa) H (GPa) 3.195 3.694 Samples 29 to 62 are available Glass composition (Table 8) (in terms of % by weight, 53α 53.74-76.97%, B2〇3 4.47-14.28%, A1203 4.63-15.44%,

MgO 4.20-12.16〇/〇 ^ CaO 1.04-1 〇.!5〇/〇 ^ Li20 O.〇-3.2〇/0 ,

Na2〇0.0-1.61%, K20 〇.〇i_〇.〇5%, Fe2〇3 〇〇6 〇35%, h 0.49-1.48%, Ti02 0.05-0.65% and sulfate (expressed as s〇3) 〇〇 _ 0.16%. Samples 29 to 62 provide glass compositions (Table 8) (in % by weight) with a (MgO + CaO) content of 7.81-16.00% and a CaO/MgO ratio of 0.09-1.74%' (Si02 + B203) content of 67.68-81.44%, the ratio of Al203/B2〇3 is 0.90-1.713⁄4 '(Li20+Na2〇+K2〇) content is 0.03-3.38%, and

The ratio of Li20/(Li20+Na20+K20) is 0.00-0.95%. In terms of mechanical properties, the composition of Table 8 has a fiber density of 2.331-2.416 g/cm3 and an average fiber tensile strength (or fiber strength) of 3050-3578 MPa. 158854.doc •71 - 201217295 For the tensile strength of the fiber, a fiber sample of the glass composition was produced by a 10Rh/90Pt single-head fiber drawing unit. Approximately 85 grams of glass shards from a given composition are fed into the cannulated melting unit and treated at a temperature close to or equal to 1 Torr of melt viscosity for 2 hours. The melt is then reduced to approximately or equal to 1000 poises. The temperature of the melt viscosity was stabilized for 1 hour before the fiber was drawn. The fiber diameter is controlled by controlling the speed of the fiber drafting winder to produce fibers having a diameter of about 10 μm. All fiber samples were captured in air without any contact with foreign objects. Fiber drawing was done in a room where the controlled humidity was between 4% rh and . The tensile strength of the fiber was measured using a Kawabata KES-GI (Kato Tech Co., Ltd., japan) tensile strength analyzer equipped with a Kawabata C type load cell. A fiber sample was mounted on the paper frame strip using a resin adhesive. Tensile force is applied to the fibers until breaking, whereby the fiber strength is determined based on the fiber diameter and the breaking stress. The test was carried out at room temperature and under controlled humidity between 4% RH and 45% RH. The average and standard deviation of each composition were calculated from the 6S to η fiber sample size. The glass was found to have a Dk of 4.83 to 5.67 and a Df of 0.003 to 0.007 at 1 GHz. The electrical properties of the compositions in Table 8 were shown to be significantly lower than the D and Df of standard E glass (i.e., modified) with a standard E-glass D]^7.14 and a Df of 0.0168 at 1 GHz. The composition of Table 8 has a molding temperature (TF) of 1247 ° C to 1439 ° C and a molding window (TF-TL) of 53 ° C to 243 ° C in terms of fiber molding properties. The composition in Table 8 has a liquidus temperature (TL) of 1058 ° C to 1279 ° C. This is comparable to standard E_glass, where TF is typically in the range of 1170 ° C to 1215 ° C. To prevent devitrification of the glass during the molding process, it is sometimes desirable to have a molded window (TF-TL) greater than 55 °C. All of the compositions in Table 8 exhibited satisfactory molded windows. Table 8. Some glass compositions useful in some embodiments of the invention wt% 29 30 31 32 33 Si〇2 64.24 58.62 57.83 61.00 61.56 Al2〇3 11.54 12.90 12.86 12.87 12.82 Fe2〇3 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 CaO 1.70 1.04 2.48 2.48 1.08 MgO 11.69 11.63 12.16 9.31 10.69 Na2〇0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K20 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 B2O3 8.96 14.28 13.15 12.81 12.30 f2 0.53 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.65 Ti〇2 0.40 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 Li20 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 S03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 (MgO+CaO) 13.39 12.67 14.64 11.79 11.77 CaO/Mg 0.15 0.09 0.20 0.27 0.10 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.87 0.92 0.83 0.79 0.91 S1O2+B2O3 73.20 72.90 70.98 73.81 73.86 AI2O3/B2O3 1.29 0.90 0.98 1.00 1.04 (Li2〇+Na2〇+K2〇) 0.64 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Li20/(Li20+Na20+K20) 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Τλ(°〇1196 1228 1205 1180 1249 Tf(bC) 1331 1300 1258 1334 1332 TWO 135 72 53 154 83 D* 5.26 *氺氺*氺氺5.30 at 1 GHz D/ 0.0017 at 1 GHz Density of the fiber (g/cm3) *氺* 本氺* The strength of the fiber of this 氺(MPa) 幸伞* Umbrella 158854.doc -73- 201217295 Table 8 (continued) wt% 34 35 36 37 38 Si02 63.83 65.21 66.70 60.02 53.74 AI2O3 10.97 10.56 10.11 12.32 15.44 Fe2〇3 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.29 0.24 CaO 2.38 2.29 2.19 4.01 3.83 MgO 10.64 10.23 9.79 9.95 10.53 Na20 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.33 0.09 K20 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 B2O3 9.32 8.96 8.57 10.48 13.94 f2 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.35 1.48 T1O2 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.41 0.65 Li20 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.79 0.02 S03 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.14 Total 100.13 100.13 100.12 100.15 100.13 (MgO+CaO) 13.02 12.52 11.98 13.96 14.36 CaO/MgO 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.40 0.36 MgO/(MgO+ CaO) 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.71 0.73 S1O2+B2O3 73.15 74.17 75.27 70.50 67.68 AI2O3/B2O3 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.11 (Li20+Na20+K20) 1.02 0.98 0.94 1.15 0.14 Li20/(Li20+Na20+K20) 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.16 TlCC ) 1255 1267 1279 1058 1175 TfCC) 1313 1320 1333 1266 1247 Tf-TlCC) 58 53 54 208 72 *** at 1 GHz 5.46 5.43 5.56 5.57 at 1 GHz D/ *氺本 0.0036 0.0020 0.0025 0.00437 Fiber density (g/cm3) 2.402 2.408 2.352 2.416 Fiber strength (MPa) 3310 3354 Table 8 (continued) 3369 3413 *** wt% 39 40 41 42 43 Si02 62.54 63.83 65.21 66.70 59.60 AI2O3 11.36 10.97 10.56 10.11 13.52 158854.doc - 74 - 201217295

Fe2〇3 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.33 CaO 2.47 2.38 2.29 2.19 1.80 MgO 11.02 10.64 10.23 9.79 9.77 Na20 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.10 K20 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 B2O3 9.65 9.32 8.96 8.57 12.70 f2 1.25 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.21 Ti02 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.51 Li20 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.41 S03 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.15 Total 100.14 100.13 100.13 100.12 100.14 (MgO+CaO) 13.49 13.02 12.52 11.98 11.57 CaO/MgO 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.18 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.84 S1O2+ B2O3 72.19 73.15 74.17 75.27 72.30 AI2O3/B2O3 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.06 (Li20+Na20+K20) 1.07 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.54 Li20/(Li2〇+Na20+K20) 0.68 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.76 Ti(°C) 1238 1249 1266 1276 1083 TF(°C) 1293 1313 1342 1368 1310 T^Ti(°C) 55 64 76 92 227 13⁄4 at 1 GHz 5.45 5.31 5.39 5.25 5.20 at 1 GHz called 0.00531 0.00579 0.00525 0.00491 0.00302 Fiber density (g/ Cm3) 2.403 ♦氺* 本幸承伞幸本**氺Fiber strength (MPa) 3467 *** *** 氺氺氺表8 (continued) wt% 44 45 46 47 48 Si02 59.90 60.45 62.68 65.30 65.06 AI2O3 13.23 13.06 12.28 11.51 12.58 Fe2〇3 0.34 0.35 0.20 0.19 0.25 CaO 1.86 1.58 1.65 1.39 1.25 MgO 10.14 10.50 8.74 8.18 6.56 Na20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.13 K20 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.05 B2O3 12.40 12.29 12.69 11.89 10.03 158854.doc · 75 · 201217295 f2 1.26 1.07 1.11 0.94 0.82 Ti〇2 0.53 0.55 0.51 0.48 0.07 Li20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 S03 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.11 Total 100.14 100.15 100.14 100.13 100.10 RO (MgO+CaO) 12.00 12.08 10.39 9.57 7.81 CaO/Mg 0.18 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.19 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.85 0.87 0.84 0.85 0.84 S1O2+B2O3 72.30 72.74 75.37 77.19 75.09 AI2O3/B2O3 1.07 1.06 0.97 0.97 1.25 (Li20+Na20+K20) 0.33 0.13 0.12 0.11 3.38 Li20/(Li20+Na20 +K20) 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 Τλ(°〇1129 1211 1201 1196 氺本本T>(〇C) 1303 1378 1378 1439 T^TifC) 174 167 177 243 *** Dk at 1 GHz 5.24 5.05 4.94 4.83 5.67 Df at 1 GHz 0.00473 0.00449 0.00508 0.00254 0.007 Fiber Density (g/cm3) 2.387 2.385 2.354 2.34 2.345 Fiber Strength (MPa) 3483 33 62 Table 8 (continued) 3166 3050 3578 wt% 49 50 51 52 53 Si02 61.14 60.83 62.45 61.88 66.25 AI2O3 12.90 13.02 12.52 12.72 10.60 Fe203 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.18 CaO 1.72 1.74 1.59 1.63 3.33 MgO 9.25 9.36 8.98 9.13 5.98 Na20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.86 K20 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 B2O3 12.70 12.70 12.29 12.38 11.44 f2 1.16 1.17 1.08 1.10 0.90 Ti02 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.44 U20 0.21 0.25 0.21 0.25 0.00 S03 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.00 Total 100.14 100.14 100.13 100.13 100.00 158854.doc -76- 201217295 (MgO+CaO) 10.97 11.10 10.57 10.76 9.31 CaO/Mg 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.56 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.64 Si〇2+B2〇3 73.84 73.53 74.74 74.26 77.69 AI2O3/B2O3 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.03 0.93 (Li20+Na20+K20) 0.34 0.38 0.34 0.38 0.88 Li20/(Li20+Na20+K2〇) 0.62 0.66 0.62 0.66 0.00 Ti(°C) 1179 1179 1186 1191 *** TF(°C) 1342 1340 1374 1366 * ** Tf-TiCC) 163 161 188 175 at 1 GHz 5.24 4.96 5.06 5.03 at 1 GHz!) / 氺氺本0.0018 0.0015 0.0014 0.0027 Fiber Density (g/cm 3) 2.358 2.362 2.338 氺氺氺2.331 Fiber strength (MPa) 3545 3530 Table 8 (continued) 3234 氺** 3161 wt% 54 55 56 57 58 Si02 66.11 69.19 70.68 69.44 69.40 AI2O3 10.58 10.37 8.87 7.20 7.21 Fe2〇3 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.14 CaO 5.31 5.20 5.50 5.57 10.15 MgO 4.20 7.13 7.54 10.39 5.85 Na20 0.86 0.55 0.59 0.59 0.59 K20 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 B2O3 11.41 6.39 5.72 5.80 5.79 f2 0.90 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 Ti〇2 0.44 0.43 0.37 0.30 0.30 Li20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 S03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 (MgO+CaO) 9.51 12.33 13.04 15.96 16.00 CaO/Mg 1.26 0.73 0.73 0.54 1.74 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.44 0.58 0.58 0.65 0.37 S1O2+B2O3 77.52 75.58 76.40 75.24 75.19 AI2O3/B2O3 0.93 1.62 1.55 1.24 1.25 (Li20+Na20+K20) 0.88 0.57 0.61 0.61 0.61 158854.doc -77- * 201217295

Li20/(Li20+Na20+K20) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ti(°C) *** *** ♦ *Umbrella *** TVCC) This ♦* *** This notebook *** T^TiCC)氺氺氺♦氺+ Fortunately, *** At 1 GHz, this book, this book, 氺本本本 at 1 GHz, Qiaofeng books *** Umbrella Umbrella* Umbrella Fiber Density (g /cm3) 2.341 *** ♦ ** *** Fiber Strength (MPa) 3372 *** Fortunately, Table 8 (continued) wt% 59 60 61 62 Si02 69.26 71.45 74.07 76.97 AI2O3 8.72 5.30 7.27 4.63 Fe203 0.13 0.06 0.09 0.10 CaO 4.89 5.24 4.88 5.69 MgO 9.92 10.63 4.77 5.56 Na2〇0.53 0.58 0.73 1.61 K20 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 B2O3 5.09 4.96 6.39 4.47 f2 0.49 0.50 0.66 0.77 Ti02 0.27 0.05 0.17 0.19 Li20 0.69 1.20 0.95 0.00 S03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 (MgO+CaO) 14.81 15.87 9.65 11.25 CaO/Mg 0.49 0.49 1.02 1.02 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.67 0.67 0.49 0.49 S1O2+B2O3 74.35 76.41 80.46 81.44 AI2O3/B2O3 1.71 1.07 1.14 1.04 (Li20+Na20+ K20) 1.25 1.80 1.71 1.62 Li20/(Li20+Na2〇+K20) 0.55 0.67 0.56 0.00 TlCC) *This* Woody Wood Benben *** TF(°C) 1358/1355 1331/1333 1493/1484 *Fun T^TifC) *** *** Book Book* D* *** 158854 at 1 GHz .doc -78- 201217295 Dy at 1 GHz Ben t wood*** *** Fiber density (g/cm3) 本 本 本 本 本 本* Fiber strength (MPa) Umbrella *** *** *♦ Umbrella samples 63 to 73 provide glass compositions (Table 9) (in % by weight): 62.35-68.35%, B2〇3 6.72-8.67%, Al2〇3 10.53-18.04%,

MgO 8.14-11.44%, CaO 1.67-2.12%, Li20 l.〇7] 38%,

Na2〇 0.02%, K20 0.03-0.04%, Fe203 0.23-0.33%, F2 0.49-0.60%, Ti02 0.26-0.61%, and sulfate (expressed as s〇3)〇%. Samples 63 to 73 provide a glass composition (Table 9) (in % by weight), wherein the (MgO + CaO) content is 9.81-13.34%, the ratio of CaO/MgO is 〇.16_0.20, and the content of (Si02+B203) is 69.59-76.02%, the ratio of Al2〇3/B2〇3 is 1.37-2.69' (Li20+Na20+K20) content is 1.09-1.40%, and the ratio of Li20/(Li20+Na2〇+K20) is 0.98. In terms of mechanical properties, the composition of Table 9 has a fiber density of 2.371-2.407 g/cm3 and an average fiber tensile strength (or fiber strength) of 3730-4076 MPa. The fiber tensile strength of the fibers made from the compositions of Table 9 was measured in a manner similar to the tensile strength of the fibers measured in combination with the composition of Table 8. The fibers formed from the compositions were found to have Young's modulus (E) values between 73 84 GPa and 81.80 GPa. Young's modulus (E) values of the fibers were measured on the fibers using sonic modulus. The Panatherm 5010 instrument, available from Panametrics, Inc. (Waltham, Massachusetts), uses ultrasonic sonic pulse techniques to determine the elastic modulus values of the fibers from the glass melt drawn with the recited compositions. The stretch wave reflection time is obtained using a 2 〇 microsecond duration 2 〇〇 kHz pulse. Measure the length of the sample and calculate the corresponding extension

S 158854.doc -79. 201217295 Wave speed (VE). The fiber density (p) was measured using a Micromeritics AccuPyc 1330 hydrometer. In general, each composition was subjected to 2 measurements and the average Young's modulus was calculated according to the formula E = Ve2 * p. Using Hooke's Law to calculate fiber failure strain based on known fiber strength and Young's modulus values, it was found that the glass had a Dk of 5.20-5.54 and a Df of 0.0010-0 0〇2〇 at 1 GHz. The electrical properties of the compositions in Table 9 are significantly lower than the standard E_glass (ie 'modified' Dk & Df, standard E-glass at 1 GHz D | ^ 7.14 and Df is 0.0168 ° in terms of fiber forming properties, The composition in Table 9 has a molding temperature of 13 〇 3 ° C to 13 88 ° C (Τ / Γ) and a molding window of 51 7 to 144 (1 > VIII). Table 9. Some glass compositions useful in some embodiments of the invention wt% 63 64 65 66 67 Si02 64.25 65.35 66.38 67.35 68.35 AI2O3 11.88 11.52 11.18 10.86 10.53 Fe2〇3 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 CaO 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.93 1.87 MgO 10.50 10.17 9.87 9.58 9.29 Na2〇0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 K20 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 B2O3 8.67 8.40 8.15 7.91 7.67 f2 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 Ti〇2 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 Li20 1.38 1.33 1.29 1.26 1.22 S03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 (MgO+CaO) 12.61 12.22 11.86 11.51 11.16 CaO/MgO 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 S1O2+B2O3 72.92 73.75 74.53 75.26 76.02 158854.doc 201217295 A1203/B203 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 (Li20+Na20+K20) 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.24 Li20/(Li20+Na20+K20) 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 TL(°C) 1241 1259 1266 1268 1287 TF(°C) 1306 1329 1349 1374 1388 T^Ti(°C) 65 70 83 106 101 5.44 at 5 GHz 5.35 5.29 5.31 5.2 D at 1 GHz / 0.0013 0.0016 0.001 0.002 0.0013 Fiber Density (g/cm3) 2.395 2.385 2.384 2.375 2.371 Fiber Strength (MPa) 3730 3759 3813 3743 3738 Young's Modulus (GPa) 氺氺氺74.25 Sputum Fiber Failure Strain (%) 5.04 Table 9 (Continued) wt % 68 69 70 71 72 73 Si02 64.39 63.63 62.87 65.45 65.61 62.35 AI2O3 14.05 16.04 18.04 11.05 14.29 14.74 Fe2〇3 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.24 0.28 0.29 CaO 1.90 1.79 1.67 1.91 1.77 1.79 MgO 9.39 8.77 8.14 11.44 8.72 11.37 Na20 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 K20 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 B2O3 7.75 7.23 6.72 7.80 7.19 7.28 f2 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.54 0.51 0.51 Ti02 0.41 0.51 0.61 0.28 0.43 0.45 Li20 1.23 1.15 1.07 1.24 1.14 1.16 S03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 100.00 (MgO+CaO) 11.29 10.55 9.81 13.34 10.49 13.16 CaO/MgO 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.20 0.16 MgO/(MgO+CaO) 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.86 S1O2+B2O3 72.14 70.87 69.59 73.25 72.80 69.63 AI2O3/B2O3 1.81 2.22 2.69 1.42 1.99 2.02 (Li20+Na20+K20) 1.25 1.17 1.09 1.26 1.16 1.18 Li20/(Li 20+Na20+K20) 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 s 158854.doc -81 - 201217295

Ti(°C) 1231 1219 1236 1266 1235 1220 IV (.〇1349 1362 1368 1317 1379 1303 T^TL(ec) 118 143 132 51 144 83 D at 1 GHz; t 5.4 5.38 5.39 5.54 5.52 5.58 at 1 GHz D/ 0.0016 0.0013 0.002 0.0015 0.0016 0.0015 Fiber Density (g/cm3) 2.393 2.398 2.407 Lucky *** *** Fiber Strength (MPa) 3954 3977 4076 *** *** *** Young's Modulus (GPa) 73.84 80.34 81.57 80.69 81.80 氺♦The strain of the fiber is broken (°/〇) 5.36 4.95 5.00 4.68 4.72 氺 本幸 and other glass fiber, fiberglass strands, fiberglass fabrics, composites, laminates for reinforcement applications The various, but not necessarily desirable, properties exhibited by all embodiments of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, the following: providing glass fibers having relatively low density, fiberglass strands, fiberglass fabrics, composites, as compared to prepregs. And laminates; providing glass fibers, glass fiber strands, fiberglass fabrics, composites and laminates having a relatively high modulus; providing glass fibers, glass fiber strands, fiberglass fabrics having relatively high strain at failure, complex And laminates; providing glass fibers, fiberglass strands, fiberglass fabrics, composites, laminates, and prepregs that can be used for reinforcement applications; and providing glass fibers, fiberglass strands, and fiberglass at relatively low cost Fabrics, composites, laminates, and prepregs. Embodiments of the present invention have been described in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. A number of modifications and adaptations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 158854.doc -82·

Claims (1)

201217295 VII. Patent Application Range: 1. A glass fiber strand comprising a plurality of glass fibers comprising a glass composition having the following composition: Si02 60-68% by weight; B2〇3 7-12% by weight; A1203 9- 15% by weight; MgO 8-15% by weight; CaO 0-4% by weight; Li20 0-2% by weight; Na20 〇_1% by weight; K20 0-1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; f2 0-1 % by weight; Ti02 0-2% by weight; and other components totaling 0-5 wt%; wherein the (Li2〇+Na2〇+K2〇) content is less than 2% by weight, and wherein the Mg◦ content is in wt% At least twice the caO content. 2. A yarn comprising at least one glass fiber strand as claimed in claim 1. 3. The yarn of claim 2, wherein the at least one fiberglass strand is at least partially coated with the sizing composition. 4. The yarn of claim 2, wherein the plurality of glass fibers have a diameter of between about 5 μηη and about 13. A fabric' which is formed from at least one glass fiber strand as claimed in claim 1. 158854.doc 201217295 6 - a fabric comprising a fiberglass strand of a weft fiber comprising; a material as claimed in item 7. 7. A fabric comprising a fiberglass strand of warp yarns comprising at least one item as claimed 1-8. A fabric comprising: at least one yarn comprising a small yarn, and at least one of the weft fibers of the glass fiber strand of claim 1 comprising at least one twist. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises a plain woven fabric, a twill fabric, a crepe fabric, a satin 襟 # ^ a woven fabric, a stitch woven fabric or a 3D woven fabric. Fabric. A composite comprising: a polymer resin; and 9. 10. a glass fiber from the glass fiber strand of claim 1 disposed in the polymer Xie Shuyue 9. 11. A composite comprising: a polymeric resin; and/or a fabric formed from at least one glass fiber strand of claim 1. 12. The composite of claim 丨i, wherein the polymer resin comprises an epoxy resin. 0. 13. The composite of claim i, wherein the polymer resin comprises at least one of the following: polyethylene Propylene 'polyamide, polyimide, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane, phenol 158854.doc -2. S 201217295 resin, polyester, vinyl Ester, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether fluorenone, cyanate ester, bis-maleimide and thermosetting polyurethane resin. 14. The composite of claim </RTI> wherein the fabric comprises a plain weave, a twill weave, a crepe fabric, a satin weave, a stitch weave or a 3D woven fabric. - 15. An aerospace complex comprising the composite of claim 11. 16. An aerospace composite comprising a composite as claimed. 17. A radome comprising a composite as claimed in claim U. 18. A prepreg comprising: a polymeric resin; and at least one glass fiber strand of claim 1. A fiber-metal laminate comprising: the prepreg according to claim 18; a first metal sheet adhesively attached to one surface of the prepreg; and adhesively fixed to the prepreg a second metal sheet of the second surface to position the prepreg between the two metal sheets. 20. The fiber-metal laminate of claim 19, further comprising the second prepreg and the third metal sheet of claim 18, wherein the second prepreg is positioned in the first metal sheet of Between the third metal sheets. 21. The fiber-metal laminate of claim 19, wherein the metal sheets are included. 22. The fiber-metal laminate of claim 19, wherein the polymer resin comprises an epoxy resin. 158854.doc 201217295 23. A laminate comprising: a polymeric resin; and a plurality of fiberglass fabrics, wherein at least one fabric is formed from at least one glass fiber strand of claim 1. 24. A composite comprising: a polymeric resin; and a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymeric resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers comprises a glass composition having the following composition: Si02 53.5-77 wt%; B203 4.5-14.5 wt%; A1203 4.5-18.5 wt%; MgO 4-12.5 wt%; CaO 0-10.5 wt%; Li20 0-4 wt%; Na20 0-2 wt%; K20 0 -1% by weight; Fe203 0-1% by weight; F2 0-2% by weight; Ti02 0-2% by weight; and other components totaling 0 to 5% by weight. 25. The composite of claim 24 wherein the plurality of glass fibers are arranged to form a fabric. 26. The composite of claim 24, wherein the fabric comprises a plain woven fabric, a twill 158854.doc 201217295 fabric, a crepe fabric, a satin woven fabric, a stitchbonded fabric, or a 3D woven fabric. 27. The composite of claim 24, wherein the polymeric resin comprises an epoxy resin. 28. The composite of claim 24, wherein the polymeric resin comprises at least one of the following: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamine, polyimide, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate , thermoplastic polyamino phthalate, phenolic resin, polyester, vinyl ester, polydicyclopentadiene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, cyanate ester, bis-maleimide and thermosetting polyamine Carbamate resin. 29. An aerospace complex comprising the composite of claim 24. An aviation complex comprising the composite of claim 24. 3 1. A radome comprising a composite as claimed in claim 24. 32. A prepreg comprising the composite of claim 24. 3 - a fiber-metal laminate comprising: the prepreg according to claim 32; a first metal sheet adhesively attached to one surface of the prepreg; and adhesively attached to the prepreg a second metal sheet of the second surface of the dip material to position the prepreg between the two metal sheets. 34. The fiber-metal laminate of claim 33, further comprising the second prepreg and the third metal sheet of claim 32, wherein the second prepreg is positioned to the second metal sheet and the Between the third metal sheets. 35. The fiber-metal laminate of claim 33, wherein the metal sheet comprises aluminum. 158854.doc 201217295 3 6. The fiber-metal laminate of claim 33, wherein the polymer resin comprises an epoxy resin. 37. A laminate comprising the prepreg of claim 32. 158854.doc 201217295 IV. Designation of Representative Representatives (1) The representative representative of the case is: (none) (2) A brief description of the symbol of the representative figure: 5. If there is a chemical formula in this case, please reveal the characteristics that best show the invention. Chemical formula: (none) 158854.doc