201203834 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係與排油煙機有關，特別是指一種改變排油煙機風 扇轉速之方法。 【先前技術】 按，排油煙機為每個家庭廚房中必要的基本電器設備，主 要由设體内设置的感應馬達來帶動風扇，將油煙經由風道抽出 排至戶外，且殼體側邊設有操作面板，可提供電源、照明及改 變段速之功能。而傳統排油煙機中，以繞線式轉子之感應馬達 結構為例’具有如第一圖所示之轉矩轉速特性，可依不同繞 線組形成之負載特性有不同之轉矩_轉速特性曲線；縱使改變 段速之方式為藉由改變繞線組之匝數]^、;^2、：^3以變更負載 特性，然馬達啟動後至正常工作狀態後則趨向於固定之轉矩_ 電壓工作曲線L，因此無論如何改變段速仍維持於高轉速之工 作範圍。故傳統排油煙機之段速調整僅得就高速及超高速之變 化，卻無法改變咼速旋轉的功率消耗，甚至需忍受馬達高轉速 下之噪音。 因此，現有以永久磁鐵構成馬達轉子之直流無刷馬達排油 煙機，可利用固態電子控制功能直接以變頻方式改變馬達定子 繞線組切換接收驅動電源，以改變轉子變換相位之旋轉速度； 由於馬達具有如第二圖所示之轉矩_轉速特性，當改變轉速 時，由馬達於正常工作狀態之轉矩公式對應為T = kn2 (n為 轉速，T為轉矩）可知，利用變頻方式使轉速上升，轉矩也會 201203834 隨著轉速增加而以平方倍上升；再依據馬達的輸出功率公式p =他可知，馬達轉子轉速加倍連同其轉矩增為原來的伴， 則使馬達的輸出功率變為原來的8倍，同理，降低轉速則可使 功率消耗有立方倍數的減少。 由上述可知，直流變頻無刷馬達式排油煙機對降低轉速有 對應的節能及減低噪音之優點；但實際應用上，變頻改變馬達 轉子轉速亦即改變關電子㈣之切換頻率，越蚊切換頻率 範圍亦需有對應之固態電子科的開關切換頻率，·對應為 不同之元件製程技術’因此實際能切換的頻率範圍受限於以牛 特性’當然反應至對應之元件成本。 有鑑於此，本案發明人致力於以節能環保省電等兼顧之因 素下，期能以最低的成本需求有效的控制馬達轉速，實際對排 油煙機有最佳的驅動效能。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種改變排油煙機風扇轉速 之方法，係以低成本且有效的控制馬達轉速方式，使所驅動之 排油煙機具有節能環保省電之功能。 為達成上述目的，本發明所提供一種改變排油煙機風扇轉 速之方法，係由一馬達接收驅動電源使所述風扇旋轉，包含有 以下步驟： a.於上述排油煙機之一出風口設置相對之一發光元件 及一光電導體，該排油煙機經該出風口所排出之油煙係通過該 發光元件及光電導體之間； 201203834 b. 感測該光電導體之導通電流； c. 以脈波寬度調變方式產生—驅動訊號，係對應該導通 電流之不同具有不同之責任週期；以及， d. 以該驅動訊號控制上述驅動電源與馬達之導通時 序’越大之責任週期使該馬達於其單—旋轉週期内所導收 該驅動電源之時間越長。. -上述方法更可於步㈣中.，提供—具有固定電阻值之負載 讀，電性連接該光f導體，㈣職導通電流經該負載元件 所產成之-負载電壓。步驟e中，不同之負載電壓更可經類比 ^位轉換為不同之數位訊號，分別對應用以改變該驅動訊號之 責任週期大小。步驟b中，該負載電壓更可由—控制器接收並 轉換為該触峨，該㈣ϋ係可m㈣—脈波寬度調變 訊號’步驟e巾’以錄位誠機魏錢度觸訊號之責 任週期產生該驅動訊號。且，該找導體更可以光敏電阻所製 成’步驟b中’施加-直流電壓於該負載元件及該光電導體之 串聯迴路上，以產生該負載電壓。 且，上述馬達可為直流無刷馬達，具有多數繞線迴路，步 驟d中’該馬達更可於其單—旋轉職⑽等齡迴路分別依 -人接收相同功率之驅動電源。更可於該馬達單一旋轉週期内以 多數之該驅動訊號先後控制各該繞線迴路與該驅動電源導通。 本發明另提供一種改變排油煙機風扇轉速之方法，係由一 馬達接收驅動電源使所述風扇旋轉，所述方法包含有··提供一 光電感應裝置，設於上述排油煙機之一出風口，對應油煙經過 該出風口之濃密程度產生一類比訊號；將該類比訊號轉換為數 201203834 號 產生-驅動訊號控虹述轉㈣與馬達 序，其中驅動電源與馬達之導通時序之頻率不變，且不同寺 =號^之驅動訊號之責任週期不同，越大之責任週期妙 馬達於其早—旋轉職__魏該婦電狀時間越長: 上述方法t，該光電感應裝置更具有—光電導體，提供一 ==光電導體之導通電流，對應產生該類比訊號。 更具有固定電阻值之負料件，電性連接該光電導 體，該導通電流於該負載元件所產成之負載電壓即為該類比訊 ，上述馬達可為直流無刷馬達，具有多數繞線迴路，1 馬達於其單-旋轉·⑽等繞_路分靠次接收相同功X 率之驅動電源。該馬達更可於單—旋轉週期内以多數之該驅動 訊號先後控制各該繞線迴路與該驅動電源導通。 【實施方式】 為了詳細說明本發明之結構、特徵及功效所在，兹舉以下 較佳實施例並配合圖式說明如後，其中： 第二圖為本發明所提供最佳實施例之應用裝置示意圖； 第四圖為上述最佳實_所提供光電感應裝置之另 佳電路結構示意圖； 第五圖為上述最佳實施例所提供之電路功能示意圖； 第'、圖為上述最佳實施例所提供驅動訊號之時序示意圖。 用之一排 之一輪餐 請參閱如第四圖所示，為本發明最佳實施例所屬 油煙機1，包括有一風扇】〇、-馬達20設於風扇1( 201203834 12以▼動風屬m走轉，以及 1於一出風口 14张拉崎 九電感應裝置30設於排油煙機 今民、去 斤接故之一排油煙管16内 孩馬叇20為直流無 其尹 鐵構成，多數繞線迴路24繞於定子^^之轉子22由永久磁 發明所應用之無刷馬達可子 上構成電極。當然，本 三相、五相等H你子6 %線迴路Μ分類為二相、 Μ之繞線迴路24;達^達為例，則定㈣具有三個繞 上之一_制 ’、、 驅動上由設於一驅動電路板40 =方=中未示)切換驅動電源輸入繞線迴… 因此產生感應磁場使轉子22被磁力 繞組之繞線迴路24八治丨松a 轉’各 20轉子22 ^ 触烟辨之鶴電源使馬達 20轉子22元成一旋轉週期。 該光電感縣置30係為相對設置之—料 電導體34，使該排油煙機j經該出風口 μ所排出之油煙係通 =Γ Μ及娜體％之間;光電感應農置3。與該 Γ4Γ導 胸性連接，由控制器感測_ 34之導通電㈣應之類比訊號。當然，本發明所提供光電感 應裝置之類比訊號輸出方式，除了直接以光電導體Μ之導通 電流，亦可如第四圖所示本發明所提供之另—光 5〇,具有同於上述之發光元件32及光電導體I其中^導 體34可如以光敏電阻所製成，該光電感應裝置5〇具有一直流 電壓52及-具有固定電阻值之負載元件54，皆電性連接該光 電導體34’直流電壓52不但可直接提供為控制器^之操作電 源，亦施加於負載元件54及該光電導體34之串聯迴路上，以 於該負載元件54產生-負載電壓，因而對應形成上述類比訊 201203834201203834 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an exhaust hood, and more particularly to a method for changing the rotational speed of a fan of a range hood. [Prior Art] According to the exhaust hood, the basic electrical equipment necessary for each household kitchen is mainly driven by an induction motor provided in the body, and the soot is pumped out to the outside through the air duct, and the side of the casing is provided. There is an operation panel that provides power, lighting and variable speed. In the conventional range hood, the structure of the induction motor of the wound rotor is taken as an example. The torque rotation characteristic shown in the first figure has different torque characteristics depending on the winding characteristics of different winding groups. The curve is changed by changing the number of turns of the winding group]^, ;^2, :^3 to change the load characteristics, and then tending to a fixed torque after the motor is started to the normal working state. The voltage works in the curve L, so the segment speed is maintained at the high speed operating range anyway. Therefore, the speed adjustment of the conventional range hood has only changed with high speed and super high speed, but it cannot change the power consumption of the idle rotation, and even endure the noise at high motor speed. Therefore, the existing DC brushless motor hood with a permanent magnet constitutes a motor rotor, and the solid-state electronic control function can be used to directly change the motor stator winding group to switch the receiving driving power by frequency conversion to change the rotational speed of the rotor changing phase; It has the torque_speed characteristic as shown in the second figure. When the speed is changed, the torque formula of the motor in the normal working state corresponds to T = kn2 (n is the speed, T is the torque). As the speed increases, the torque will also increase by 0.2 times with the increase of the speed; according to the motor's output power formula p = he knows that the motor rotor speed doubles with its torque increased to the original companion, then the motor's output power It is 8 times the original. Similarly, lowering the speed can reduce the power consumption by a multiple of cubic. It can be seen from the above that the DC variable frequency brushless motor type range hood has the advantages of corresponding energy saving and noise reduction for reducing the rotational speed; but in practical application, the frequency change changes the motor rotor speed, that is, the switching frequency of the off electron (4) is changed, and the mosquito switching frequency is changed. The range also needs to have the corresponding switching frequency of the solid-state electronics department. · Corresponding to different component manufacturing techniques', the actual frequency range that can be switched is limited by the characteristics of the cattle', of course, to the corresponding component cost. In view of this, the inventor of the present invention is committed to energy-saving, environmentally-friendly, and other factors, and can effectively control the motor speed at the lowest cost, and has the best driving performance for the range hood. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for changing the fan speed of a range hood, which is characterized by low cost and effective control of the motor speed, so that the driven range hood has the functions of energy saving, environmental protection and power saving. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for changing the speed of a range hood fan, which is driven by a motor to drive the fan to rotate, and includes the following steps: a. setting a relative air outlet of one of the exhaust hoods a light-emitting element and a photoconductor, the soot discharged through the air outlet through the light-emitting element and the photo-conductor; 201203834 b. sensing the on-current of the photoconductor; c. The modulation mode generates a driving signal, which has different duty cycles for different conduction currents; and, d. controls the driving time of the driving power source and the motor by the driving signal to increase the duty cycle of the motor to be single - The longer it takes to receive the drive power during the spin cycle. - The above method is further provided in step (4). - providing a load with a fixed resistance value, electrically connecting the optical f conductor, and (iv) a load voltage generated by the load current through the load element. In step e, different load voltages can be converted into different digital signals by analogy bits, corresponding to the duty cycle for changing the driving signal. In step b, the load voltage can be further received by the controller and converted into the touch, and the (four) system can be m (four) - pulse width modulation signal 'step e towel' to record the responsibility cycle of the machine The drive signal is generated. Moreover, the conductor can be formed by a photoresistor to apply a DC voltage to the series circuit of the load element and the photoconductor in step b to generate the load voltage. Moreover, the motor can be a DC brushless motor, and has a plurality of winding circuits. In the step d, the motor can receive the same power driving power in its single-rotation (10) and other circuits. Further, each of the winding circuits is controlled to be electrically connected to the driving power source by a plurality of driving signals in a single rotation period of the motor. The present invention further provides a method for changing the speed of a range hood fan by receiving a driving power source to rotate the fan. The method includes providing a photoelectric sensing device disposed at an air outlet of the range hood Corresponding to the degree of density of the smoke passing through the air outlet, generating a analog signal; converting the analog signal into the number 201203834 generating-driving signal control (four) and the motor sequence, wherein the driving power and the motor are turned on at the same frequency, and The duty cycle of the driving signals of different temples = No. ^ is different, and the larger the duty cycle is in the early stage - the rotating position is longer. The longer the electric mode is: the above method t, the photoelectric sensing device has a - photoconductor Providing a == photoconductor conduction current corresponding to the analog signal. The negative material having a fixed resistance value is electrically connected to the photoconductor, and the load voltage generated by the conduction current in the load component is the analog signal. The motor can be a DC brushless motor and has a plurality of winding circuits. , 1 motor in its single-rotation · (10) and other windings to receive the same power X rate of the drive power. The motor can further control each of the winding circuits to be electrically connected to the driving power source in a single-rotation cycle with a plurality of driving signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to explain the structure, features and advantages of the present invention in detail, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention The fourth figure is a schematic diagram of another preferred circuit structure of the photoelectric sensing device provided by the above-mentioned best embodiment; the fifth figure is a schematic diagram of the circuit function provided by the above preferred embodiment; the figure is provided by the above preferred embodiment Schematic diagram of the drive signal. Referring to one of the rows of meals, please refer to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4, which is a fan of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, including a fan, and the motor 20 is disposed on the fan 1 (201203834 12) Going around, and 1 in a vent 14 14 Lagasaki nine electric induction device 30 is set in the hood of the present cigar, to the jin to pick up one of the exhaust pipe 16 in the smog tube 20 for DC without its Yin iron composition, most The winding circuit 24 is wound around the stator 22 of the stator. The brushless motor applied by the permanent magnetic invention can form an electrode. Of course, the three-phase, five-equivalent H, and the 6% of the line circuit are classified as two-phase, Μ The winding circuit 24; as an example, the fourth (four) has three windings, and the driving is set on a driving circuit board 40 = square = not shown) to switch the driving power input winding back. ... thus generating an induced magnetic field so that the rotor 22 is wound by the magnetic winding winding circuit 24, and the 20 rotors 22 are each turned on. The power of the crane 20 is turned into a rotation period. The photo-electricity county is provided with a relatively 30-series electric conductor 34, so that the range hood of the hood j discharged through the air outlet μ is between Γ 娜 and 娜 %; Connected with the Γ4Γ chest, the controller senses _ 34 conduction (4) should be analogous signal. Of course, the analog signal output mode of the photoelectric sensing device provided by the present invention, in addition to directly conducting the current through the photoconductor, can also be the same as that shown in the fourth figure. The component 32 and the photoconductor I can be made of a photoresistor having a DC voltage 52 and a load component 54 having a fixed resistance value, which are electrically connected to the photoconductor 34'. The DC voltage 52 can be directly provided as the operating power of the controller, and also applied to the series circuit of the load component 54 and the photoconductor 34, so that the load component 54 generates a load voltage, thereby correspondingly forming the analogy 201203834.
因此’本發明控制排油煙機1馬達20轉動之方法即為如 第五圖所示之電路功能示意圖，光電感應裝置30對應油煙經 過該出風口之濃密程度，由光電導體34感受發光元件32透過 油煙後之受光強度對應產生導通電流’因而有形成對應之一類 比訊號輸出；驅動電路板4〇由一控制器42將該類比訊號轉換 為數位訊號，該控制器42並可程式化編寫一脈波寬度調變 (PWM)訊號，以該數位訊號調變該PWM訊號，因而產生一 驅動訊號提供一轉換器44，轉換器44之直流操作電壓則可藉 由該驅動訊號控制切換頻率，以形成一特定導通時序之驅動電 源由馬達20接收；以上述所例舉之三相無刷馬達為例，轉換 器44即可為具有三相全橋式轉換器之功能，該馬達2〇於單一 旋轉週期内則以三組之該驅動訊號先後控制各相繞組與該驅 動電源導通。本發明之特色在於，當使動喊轉轉換器料 之開關電晶體之切換頻率不變’難動電源與馬達之導通時序 之頻率同樣不變，配合第六圖參照，只要使不同之數位訊號對 應改變該PWM訊號之責任補，即可使軸訊號之責任週期 不同越大之M任週期使該馬達於其單—旋轉週油所導通接 收該驅動電源之時間越長’亦即增加馬達旋轉一週所接收之平 均電壓。由於依據馬達的輸出功率公式p = τ*η = v木ι (η為 轉速T為負載轉矩’ V、I分別為提供馬達定子線圈之驅動電 壓電机）可知，馬達接收驅動電源之平均電壓與功率消耗成 線t關係，亦與轉速及負載轉矩之乘積成線性_，因此依據 馬、之轉矩公式T = kn2則可有對應之馬達轉速改變，有效樓 8 201203834 制馬達之功率消耗及產生對應之轉速。 以下提供更—步詳述本發明之改變排油煙機丨風扇1〇轉速 之方法：_ . a.於上述排油煙機1之出風口 μ設置相對之發光元件 32及光電導體34,該排油煙機j經該出風口 14所排出之油煙 係通過該發先元4 32及光電導體34之間； b·感測該光電導體34之導通電流； c.以脈波寬度調變方式產生一驅動訊號，係對應該導通 電流之不同具有不同之責任週期； 丄以該驅動訊號控制驅動電源與馬達20之導通時序， 越大之貝任週期使該馬達2Q於其單—旋轉週期内所導通接收 該驅動電源之時間越長。 综上所陳，本發明所提供的改變排油煙機風扇轉速之方法， 不需使用變财式改變馬達轉速，因料需以高成本的固態電 子開關疋件組成用以接收驅動訊號之轉換器，可以低成本且有 效的控制馬達轉速方式，同樣使卿動之排紐機具有節能環 保省電之功能。 、 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為習用排油煙機的繞線式轉子之感應馬達之轉矩_ 轉速特性曲線； 第二圖為直流無刷馬達之轉矩-轉速特性曲線； 第二圖為本發明所提供最佳實施例之應用裝置示意圖； 第四圖為上述最佳實施例所提供光電感應裴置之另一較 201203834 佳電路結構不意圖； 第五圖為上述最佳實施例所提供之電路功能示意圖； 第六圖為上述最佳實施例所提供驅動訊號之時序示意圖 【主要元件符號說明】 1排油煙機 10風扇 12輪軸 14出風口 16排油煙管 20馬達 22轉子 24繞線迴路 26定子 30、50光電感應裝置 32發光元件 34光電導體 40驅動電路板 42控制器 44轉換器 52直流電壓 54負載元件Therefore, the method for controlling the rotation of the motor 20 of the range hood 1 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the function of the circuit as shown in FIG. 5, and the photoelectric sensing device 30 senses the degree of density of the soot through the air outlet, and the photoconductor 34 senses the transmission of the light-emitting element 32. The light intensity after the soot is corresponding to the on-current output', so that a corresponding analog signal output is formed; the driver circuit board 4 converts the analog signal into a digital signal by a controller 42, and the controller 42 can program a pulse. a wave width modulation (PWM) signal, wherein the PWM signal is modulated by the digital signal, thereby generating a driving signal to provide a converter 44, wherein the DC operating voltage of the converter 44 can be controlled by the driving signal to switch the frequency to form A driving power supply of a specific conduction timing is received by the motor 20; taking the three-phase brushless motor exemplified above as an example, the converter 44 can function as a three-phase full-bridge converter, and the motor 2 is driven by a single rotation. During the period, the driving signals of the three groups are sequentially controlled to be electrically connected to the driving power source. The invention is characterized in that, when the switching frequency of the switching transistor of the mobile switching device is changed, the frequency of the conduction timing of the hard power source and the motor is the same, and the reference numeral 6 is used for reference, as long as the different digital signals are made. Corresponding to the change of the duty of the PWM signal, the duty cycle of the axis signal is different, and the M cycle is such that the motor is turned on by the single-rotating oil to receive the driving power for a longer time, that is, the motor rotation is increased. The average voltage received in a week. According to the output power formula of the motor p = τ * η = v wood (η is the speed T is the load torque 'V, I is the drive voltage motor that provides the motor stator coil respectively), the average voltage of the motor receiving the drive power It is linear with the power consumption, and is also linear with the product of the rotational speed and the load torque. Therefore, according to the torque formula T = kn2 of the horse, there is a corresponding motor speed change, and the power consumption of the effective building 8 201203834 motor And generate the corresponding speed. In the following, a method for changing the rotational speed of the exhaust fan 丨 fan of the present invention is further described in detail: _. a. The light-emitting member 32 and the photoconductor 34 of the hood 1 of the above-mentioned range hood 1 are disposed. The fume discharged by the machine j through the air outlet 14 passes between the transmitting element 4 32 and the photoconductor 34; b· senses the conduction current of the photoconductor 34; c. generates a driving by pulse width modulation The signal has different duty cycles for the difference of the on-current; 丄 controlling the conduction timing of the driving power source and the motor 20 by the driving signal, and the larger the Bayer period enables the motor 2Q to be turned on and received in its single-rotation period. The longer the drive power is. In summary, the method for changing the fan speed of the range hood provided by the invention does not need to change the motor speed by using the variable fuel type, and the converter needs to be composed of a high-cost solid-state electronic switch element for receiving the drive signal. The method of controlling the motor speed can be controlled at a low cost and effectively, and the function of the energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and power-saving machine is also enabled. [The following is a brief description] The first picture shows the torque _ speed characteristic curve of the induction motor of the wound rotor of the conventional range hood; the second picture shows the torque-speed characteristic curve of the DC brushless motor; The schematic diagram of the application device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided; the fourth figure is another schematic structure of the photoelectric sensing device provided by the above preferred embodiment, which is better than the 201203834; The circuit diagram of the circuit is provided. The sixth diagram is the timing diagram of the driving signal provided by the above preferred embodiment. [Main component symbol description] 1 row hood 10 fan 12 axle 14 air outlet 16 exhaust fume pipe 20 motor 22 rotor 24 winding Circuit 26 stator 30, 50 photoelectric sensing device 32 light-emitting element 34 photoconductor 40 drive circuit board 42 controller 44 converter 52 DC voltage 54 load component